README for DBD::Informix -- an Informix interface for Perl 5 using DBI. Portions Copyright (c) 1994-96 Alligator Descartes Portions Copyright (c) 1996-98 Jonathan Leffler You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public License or the Artistic License, as specified in the Perl README file. -- The following is a standard warning for all DBI and DBD::* software -- WARNING: THIS IS ALPHA SOFTWARE. IT IS POSSIBLY UNRELIABLE! --------------------------------------------------------------------------- PREREQUISITES If you do not have Perl version 5.003 or later, then build, test and install it before doing anything else! And please ensure that you compile it with whatever options are necessary to get __STDC__ defined. If you do not have DBI version 0.90 or later installed, then build, test and install it. Note that previous versions of DBD::Informix allowed you to use older versions of DBI than the version it was built with. This policy changed with DBD::Informix v0.54. In addition, the code in DBD::Informix v0.58 requires bug fixes present in DBI 0.90 which were not in DBI 0.89. To build DBD::Informix, the C compiler must accept function prototypes. This is not a problem on any machine to which Informix is currently ported (though the HP-UX compiler does not accept prototypes unless told to do so). You must have a version of Informix-ESQL/C available to you. You should read the Informix.Licence file for information about what you need. At the moment, ESQL/C Versions 4.0x or 4.1x are not supported, nor are any earlier versions. ESQL/C Versions 5.00 upwards should be OK. If you do not have ESQL/C and are not prepared to buy it, then please don't try to use DBD::Informix -- it won't work. If you have Informix ODBC drivers available to you, consider using DBD::ODBC instead. *** BEWARE *** DBD::Informix version 0.58 has been tested on Informix-Universal Server version 9.12.UC2 (on a Sparc 20 running Solaris 2.5.1). Where the IUS database uses the same types as were available in earlier versions of Informix products, there doesn't seem to be any problem. However, it is known to fail badly (usually with an assert firing and a core dump, but also with error -402 'Address of a host variable is NULL') if it encounters one of the IUS-specific data types. The IUS SysProcedures table in the system catalog has a ParamTypes column which is of the type RtnParamTypes, and therefore DBD::Informix will not work if you try to select all the columns from this table. There are probably other columns in the system catalog for which this is true. And there may be other tables which won't work for the same reason. *** YOU WERE WARNED *** DBD::Informix has never been tested with a version 8.x (OnLine XPS) version of ESQL/C and database. *** YOU WERE WARNED ABOUT THIS TOO *** You need to have a fully working Informix environment before you try to build and test DBD::Informix. This means you need to have access to at least one database where you have at least RESOURCE level privileges. (If you don't understand what this means, read the "Informix Guide to SQL: Syntax" manual, and especially the GRANT section). If you don't have DBA privileges on any databases, you should consider creating the 'stores' database using the dbaccessdemoN program (where N is a version number, such as 7) which comes with your server. The multiple connection tests use two databases for preference (though the tests will use the same database twice if you do not specify two separate databases), and the test will fail if you use olipcshm or onipcshm (shared memory) connections to both databases. If you run into problems with shared memory connections (for example, error -27000 from the esqltest program), then read README.olipcshm. If your databases are not on the machine where you are building DBD::Informix, you will need to ensure that you have the necessary privileges to connect to the machine where the databases are. This may be as simple as setting DBD_INFORMIX_PASSWORD (see below); it may be require you to get your systems administrators to set you up with a login account on the machine. Please ensure that you have $INFORMIXDIR set unless the software is installed in /usr/informix, and that $INFORMIXDIR/bin is on your PATH. The build no longer works unless these environment variables are set. Also, if you are using ESQL/C version 6.x or later, you may be using ESQL/C shared libraries which are found in $INFORMIXDIR/lib and $INFORMIXDIR/lib/esql. You need to ensure that these will be found when you run Perl with DBD::Informix. On SVR4 machines, this means adding these directories to LD_LIBRARY_PATH; on HP-UX, the variable is SHLIB_PATH; other systems may have other variable names. You need to set INFORMIXSERVER correctly if you are using version 6.0x or later. You may need to set other environment variables too -- consult the Informix manuals for more information. You should take a look at the documentation in InformixTest.pm, and set the DBD_INFORMIX_DATABASE, DBD_INFORMIX_USERNAME, DBD_INFORMIX_PASSWORD and DBD_INFORMIX_SERVER environment variables as appropriate for your system. Although the testing does as little damage as possible, it is not a good idea to use your prize database for this. The stores database is a good bet (unless you are using an old version of Fourgen software and it is using the stores database for its data dictionary). Note that these variables only have significance when running the DBD::Informix tests. They are not used by DBD::Informix itself, only by DBD::InformixTest. One step in the setup process tests that you have permissions on the databases which will be used by the testing. It does this by compiling and running a relatively simple ESQL/C program which simply opens a few databases, creates and drops some tables, and exits. BUILDING DBD::Informix When Perl, DBI and ESQL/C are all installed do: perl Makefile.PL The script will attempt to work out what it needs to build the module. Then do: make This should complete without errors, and ideally without warnings either. If you get warnings, I'm interested to know what they are and how they could be fixed generically. If it fails horribly, see below. Do NOT hand edit the generated Makefile unless you are completely sure you understand the implications (and are willing to make those changes manually every time the Makefile is regenerated)! Always try to make changes by editing Makefile.PL, which is extensively annotated. You should also read the section on ExtUtils::MakeMaker in the 2nd Edition of 'Programming Perl'. You should never need to make any changes to the generated Makefile, nor to Makefile.PL. If you do *please* let me know so that I can try to make it automatic in a later release. Then run: make test Note that testing DBD::Informix does create some tables and databases. The database is normally called 'dbd_ix_db', and the table names start with 'dbd_ix_'. Some of the tables are permanent; most are temporary. The tests are designed to work whether the tables and database are present when the tests start or not; that means they get dropped. Do not run the tests if you have precious tables or databases that begin 'dbd_ix_'! On the reference system (Sun Sparc 20 running Solaris 2.5.1, compiling with GCC 2.7.0 or SUNWspro SC4.0.1, using either Perl 5.003 or 5.004), all the tests pass when DBD::Informix is built with ESQL/C versions 5.08.UD1, 6.00.UE1, 7.13.UC1 7.23.UC1 and 9.11.UC1. It is a good idea to run: make test TEST_VERBOSE=1 You should inspect the results as not every test compares the actual data returned with the data that should be returned (though many of them do check the data which is returned). Note that the blob tests pass on SE, because the test scripts detect that the engine is SE and do not try to test blob handling. Additionally, for a really thorough scrutiny of DBD::Informix, you need to test with at least 3 different databases: one created MODE ANSI, one created with a transaction log but not MODE ANSI, and one created without any transaction logs at all. DBD_INFORMIX_DATABASE=mode_ansi make test DBD_INFORMIX_DATABASE=logged make test DBD_INFORMIX_DATABASE=unlogged make test If you are concerned about both OnLine and SE, then you need these databases for both environments. Also note that the multiple connection tests will use two different databases if you set the environment variable DBD_INFORMIX_DATABASE2, but the tests assume that you don't need to specify the user and password. This could be fixed, but hasn't happened yet. You can use one SE and one OnLine database for the multiple connection testing. You can also test with different server versions (eg using 7.2x ESQL/C to connect to a 5.0x OnLine) if you have the software available. Once you are satisfied that DBD::Informix is working correctly, you should install it: make install If you ever need to remove it, possibly as a preamble to installing a new version, you should use the old version's makefile and run: make uninstall You can then install using the new version's makefile. It is important to use the correct (old or new) makefiles because the installed files may be different, and if some file is made obsolete by the new version (is not used by the new version), its makefile will not uninstall the obsolete file; over time and multiple versions, this could, eventually, lead to 'coronary thrombosis' on your disk drive -- or disk full. If you run into problems which suggest that the ESQL/C you have won't work as dynamically loaded libraries (eg on HP-UX or SCO), then you should create a statically linked version of Perl with DBD::Informix linked to it. Use: make perl make test_static Please consult the Working.Versions file for information about known working versions of the software (and specific problem versions). If you are using a combination of versions which is different from any previously recorded, please send me (j.leffler@acm.org) the details for your new, successful port. If you run into major problems even getting the esqltest program to compile, you can try compiling the esqlbasic.ec program using a plain ESQL/C command: esql -o esqlbasic esqlbasic.ec If even this will not compile, you need to concentrate on fixing your ESQL/C environment before doing anything else with DBD::Informix. If it compiles but does not run, then you need to ensure that you fix the Informix environment so that you can access databases. Once this test both compiles and runs, you will probably be able to compile and test DBD::Informix. You can suppress the esqltest code in Makefile.PL by setting DBD_INFORMIX_NO_ESQLTEST in your environment -- but you may not report any problems whatsoever to anybody if you have this set. KNOWN PROBLEMS: * DBD::Informix uses SQL DESCRIPTORS which are not part of ESQL/C Version 4.0x or 4.1x. It also uses string-named cursors and statements, which are likewise not supported in 4.0x or 4.1x (or earlier) versions. There is a package DBD::Informix4 available from Goran Thyni (version 0.22 was current in August 1997). I don't have a working URL for this software. * Some problems have been encountered on HP-UX 9.x when building shared libraries using 5.0x and 6.0x ESQL/C. This seems to be because the HP-UX compilers and loader do not accept code not compiled for shared libraries inside a shared library. Help (or reassurance) is needed on this. * Some problems have been encountered on SCO which seems to be related to the equivalent of LD_LIBRARY_PATH on System V Release 4 machines. Again, help or reassurance is needed on this. * If you are using GCC to compile the software (on Solaris and HP-UX 10.20 in particular, but probably on other platforms too), ensure that you also use GCC to build the shared libraries, rather than trying to use 'ld'. If you use ld instead, you are likely to run into problems with an undefined symbol __eprintf. If you have this problem, the fix is usually to reconfigure (and therefore rebuild) Perl to use GCC to create the shared libraries. It is not clear why using GCC gives this problem. If you know how to get around this problem, please let me know. * Do not use the GNU assembler or loader with GCC on Solaris; they don't work properly with shared libraries. Remove them and rebuild and reinstall GCC immediately. IF YOU HAVE PROBLEMS BUILDING DBD::INFORMIX Firstly, check the Frequently Asked Questions, Known Bugs and any other pertinent documents at: http://www.arcana.co.uk/technologia/DBI If this does *not* resolve your problem, please post the details of your problem to dbi-users@fugue.com and CC them to me at j.leffler@acm.org. There are 4 types of failures which you might encounter: A. A configuration failure (perl Makefile.PL does not work) B. A build failure (the Makefile was generated but there were problems during the build proper so that no test worked at all) C. A general test failure (although the build appeared OK, every single test fails, or almost all of them fail). D. A selective test failure (the build appeared OK and most of the tests pass, but a few (say 1 to 5) of them fail). Please classify your problem and follow the relevant steps below. Please include: 1. A log of a complete build: # Before doing anything, please either re-extract the source from the # compressed tar file you retrieved from CPAN into an empty directory # or make sure that the build area is really clean: [ -f Makefile ] && make realclean rm -f esql esqlvrsn.h # Send this output for all failure types (A, B, C, D) perl Makefile.PL # Send this output for failure types B, C, D. make # Send this output for failure types C, D # If the output is more than about 30 lines, then just send the first # 30 lines or so of the output -- anything more is unlikely to give any # extra information. make test # Send this output for failure types C, D # Then, taking the first test which fails (typically basic00.t) send # the output from: test.one t/basic00.t # Send this output for failure type D # If the failing tests are failing in distinctly different ways # (different error messages, or one is a core dump, or ...) then send # the test output for each of the different outputs, but do not send # more than 5 sets of test results unless requested to do so. test.one t/dbase.t If you use a Bourne or Korn Shell (or any work-alikes), you can also use the following command to get a lot more debug information, but don't send this unless asked to do so: PERL_DBI_DEBUG=2 test.one t/basic00.t Use this to verify that the problems you are reporting as different for failure type D really are different, but still don't send the output unless asked to do so. 2. A complete, sorted dump of your environment: env | sort 3. Full details of which version of Informix-ESQL/C and Perl you're using. The output of "perl -V" gives the Perl information; running "esql -V" gives the Informix-ESQL/C information. Also, please give the version of the Informix database engine which you are using. This is usually most easily done using "dbaccess -V". More authoritative answers are got by running "$INFORMIXDIR/lib/sqlexec -V" for SE, "tbstat -V" for OnLine 5.0x, or "onstat -V" for other versions of OnLine or for IUS. The software serial number is of little or no use for debugging problems. 5. If you get a core dump, try to include a stack trace from it. If the stack trace mentions XS_DynaLoader_dl_load_file then rerun make test after setting the environment variable PERL_DL_DEBUG to 2. Similarly, get the Devel::CoreStack module and use it. Do not send a stack trace if it does not contain function names. 6. Please don't post problems to comp.lang.perl.misc or perl5-porters. 7. If you are not currently subscribed to the mailing list please subscribe via http://www.fugue.com/dbi. If you do not have WWW access, then send email to dbi-request@fugue.com. There are 3 mailing lists: dbi-announce@fugue.com dbi-users@fugue.com dbi-dev@fugue.com You should probably subscribe to dbi-users and probably do not need to subscribe to dbi-dev. IF YOU HAVE PROBLEMS USING DBD::INFORMIX If your problem is with your own code and the DBD::Informix tests all pass, then the initial message should give the version information (see point 3 above, plus the version of the Informix database engine you are using), a description of the problem, a minimal test script, and the results of running the test script on your machine (along with an explanation of why the result is wrong -- it may not be obvious to me -- and what the correct result should be). The minimal test script should preferably: (1) Use the stores database, with empty username and password fields. If the test needs a particular type of database (eg with transactions) to demonstrate the problem, alternative convenient names are 'logged', 'unlogged' and 'mode_ansi'. (2) Use temporary tables rather than permanent ones. (3) Load just enough data to show the problem. (4) Test every statement using DBI functions for success. (5) Clearly indicate when it fails. (6) Clearly indicate when it passes. (7) It had better not use DBI->install_driver() without an extremely good reason, and I can't immediately think of a reason which would be good enough. If your test is failing with a core dump, the stack trace for it is useful if it lists function names -- it is not useful if it does not. Regards, Jonathan Leffler (j.leffler@acm.org) @(#)$Id: README,v 58.4 1998/01/15 19:20:11 johnl Exp $ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: This document is derived from the DBD::Oracle README. Many of the points made in that will apply to DBD::Informix too. Original document: (c) Tim Bunce Amendments 1: (c) Alligator Descartes Amendments 2: (c) Jonathan Leffler Amendments 3: (c) Jonathan Leffler