NAME CGI::Application::Plugin::Config::General - Add Config::General Support to CGI::Application VERSION Version 0.03 SYNOPSIS Simple Access to Configuration In your CGI::Application-based module: use base 'CGI::Application'; use CGI::Application::Plugin::Config::General; sub cgiapp_init { my $self = shift; # Set config file and other options $self->conf->init( -ConfigFile => 'app.conf', ); } sub my_run_mode { my $self = shift; # get entire configuration my %conf = $self->conf->getall; # get entire configuration (as a reference) my $conf = $self->conf->getall; # get single config parameter my $value = $self->conf->param('some_value'); # get underlying Config::General object my $obj = $self->conf->obj; } Configuration Based on URL or Module You can match a configuration section to the request URL, or to the module name. For instance, given the following configuration file: admin_area = 0 admin_area = 1 title = Admin Area title = Feedback Form The configuration will depend on how the script is called: # URL: /cgi-bin/feedback.cgi?rm=add # Module: MyApp::Feedback print $self->conf->param('admin_area'); # 0 print $self->conf->param('title'); # 'Feedback Form' # URL: /cgi-bin/admin/users.cgi # Module: MyApp::Admin::Users print $self->conf->param('admin_area'); # 1 print $self->conf->param('title'); # 'Admin Area' Matching Configuration based on a Virtual Host This module can also pick a configuration section based on the current virtual-host: # httpd.conf SetEnv SITE_NAME REDSITE # in app.conf background = blue foreground = white background = red foreground = pink background = darkgreen foreground = lightgreen DESCRIPTION This module allows you to easily access configuration data stored in "Config::General" (i.e. Apache-style) config files. You can also automatically match configuration sections to the request URL, or to the module name. This is similar to how Apache dynamically selects a configuration by matching the request URL to e.g. "" and "" sections. You can also select configuration sections based on Virtual Host or by a variable you set in an ".htaccess" file. This allows you to share a single application between many virtual hosts, each with its own unique configuration. This could be useful, for instance, in providing multiple themes for a single application. Simple access to Configuration This module provides a "conf" method to your "CGI::Application" object. First, you initialize the configuration system (typically in your "cgiapp_init" method): $self->conf->init( -ConfigFile => 'app.conf', ); The configuration file is parsed at this point and is available from this point on. Then, within your run-modes you can retrieve configuration data: # get entire configuration my %conf = $self->conf->getall; my $value = $conf{'some_value'}; # get entire configuration (as a reference) my $conf = $self->conf->getall; my $value = $conf{'some_value'}; # get single config parameter my $value = $self->conf->param('some_value'); Multiple named Configurations You can use more than one configuration by providing a name to the "conf" method: $self->conf('database')->init( -ConfigFile => 'app.conf', ); $self->conf('application')->init( -ConfigFile => 'app.conf', ); ... my %db_config = $self->conf('database')->getall; my %app_config = $self->conf('application')->getall; Configuration based on URL or Module Within your configuration file, you can provide different configurations depending on the current URL, or on the package name of your application. Matches against the "SITE_NAME" environment variable, using an *exact* match. # httpd.conf SetEnv SITE_NAME REDSITE # in app.conf background = blue foreground = white background = red foreground = pink background = darkgreen foreground = lightgreen You can use name your sections something other than "", and you can use a different environment variable than "SITE_NAME". See "Notes on Site Matching", below. Matches against the "SITE_NAME" environment variable using a regular expression. # httpd.conf SetEnv SITE_NAME REDSITE # in app.conf background = blue foreground = white background = red foreground = pink background = darkgreen foreground = lightgreen You can use name your sections something other than "", and you can use a different environment variable than "SITE_NAME". See "Notes on Site Matching", below. Matches the Package name of your application module, for instance: ... The match is performed hierachically, like a filesystem path, except using "::" as a delimiter, instead of "/". The match is tied to the beginning of the package name, just like absolute paths. For instance, given the section: ... the packages "Admin" and "Admin::Users" would match, but the packages "Foo::Admin" and "Administrative" would not. For instance, given the section: ... Matches the package name of your application module, using a regular expression. The expression is not tied to the start of the string. For instance, given the section: ... The following packages would all match: "Admin", "Admin::Users", "Foo::Admin", "Administrative". Matches hierarchically against the request URI, including the path and the "PATH_INFO" components, but *excluding* the scheme, host, port and query string. So, for instance with the following URL: http://bookstore.example.com/cgi-bin/category.cgi/fiction/?rm=list The Location would be: /cgi-bin/category.cgi/fiction/ This is obtained by calling the "url" method of the query object (either "CGI" or "CGI::Simple"): $path = $webapp->query->url('-absolute' => 1, '-path_info' => 1); Matches against the request URI, using a regular expression. Section Merge Order The sections are matched in the following order: Site: and Package Name: and URL: and When there is more than one matching section at the same level of priority (e.g. two "" sections, or both an "" and an "" section), then the sections are merged in the order of shortest match first. Values in sections matched later override the values in sections matched earlier. The idea is that the longer matches are more specific and should have priority. Section Nesting The sections can be nested inside each other. For instance: admin_books = 1 admin_records = 1 By default, the sections can be nested up to two levels deep. You can change this by setting the "-NestingDepth" parameter to "init". Merging Configuration Values into your Template You can easily pass values from your configuration files directly to your templates. This allows you to associate HTML titles with URLs, or keep text like copyright notices in your config file instead of your templates: copyright_notice = Copyright (C) 1492 Christopher Columbus title = "Manifest Destiny, Inc. - About Us" title = "Manifest Destiny, Inc. - Contact Us" If you do this, you should consider keeping your database passwords and other sensitive data in a separate configuration file, in order to avoid accidentally leaking these data into your web pages. If you use "HTML::Template", you use the associate method when you load the template: $self->load_template( 'template.tmpl', 'associate' => $self->conf, ); If you use "Template::Toolkit" (via the "CGI::Application::Plugin::TT" module), you can accomplish the same thing by providing a custom tt_pre_process method: sub tt_pre_process { my $self = shift; my $template = shift; my $template_params = shift; my $config = $self->conf->getall foreach (keys %$config) { unless (exists $template_params->{$_}) { $template_params->{$_} = $config->{$_}; } } } METHODS init Initializes the plugin. The only required parameter is a config file: $self->conf->init( -ConfigFile => 'app.conf', ); The other paramters are described below: -ConfigFile The path to the configuration file to be parsed. -Options Any additional "Config::General::Match" options. See the documentation to "Config::General" and "Config::General::Match" for more details. -CacheConfigFiles Whether or not to cache configuration files. Enabled, by default. This option is only really useful in a persistent environment such as "mod_perl". See "Config File Caching", "ADVANCED USAGE", below. -StatConfig If config file caching is enabled, this option controls how often the config files are checked to see if they have changed. The default is 60 seconds. This option is only really useful in a persistent environment such as "mod_perl". See "Config File Caching", "ADVANCED USAGE", below. -SiteSectionName Change the name of the "" section to something else. For instance, to use sections named "", use: -SiteSectionName => 'VirtualHost' -SiteVar Change the name of the "SITE_NAME" environment variable used to match against "" sections. For instance To change this name to "HTTP_HOST", use: -SiteVar => 'HTTP_HOST', -NestingDepth The number of levels deep that sections can be nested. The default is two levels deep. See "Section Nesting", above. You can initialize the plugin from within your instance CGI script: my $app = WebApp->new(); $app->conf->init(-ConfigFile => '../../config/app.conf'); $app->run(); Or you can do so from within your "cgiapp_init" method within the application: sub cgiapp_init { my $self = shift; $self->conf->init( -ConfigFile => "$ENV{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/../config/app.conf" ); } getall Gets the entire configuration as a hash or hashref: my %config = $self->conf->getall; # as hash my $config = $self->conf->getall; # as hashref Note that the following two method calls will return different results: my $config = $self->conf->getall; # parsed config my $config = $self->conf->obj->getall; # raw config In the first case, the matching based on URI, Module, etc. has already been performed. In the second case, you are accessing the raw config with all of the "", "", etc. sections intact. param Allows you to retrieve individual values from the configuration. It behvaves like the method in other classes, such as "CGI", "CGI::Application" and "HTML::Template": $value = $self->conf->param('some_key'); @all_keys = $self->conf->param(); obj Provides access to the underlying Config::General::Match> object. You can access the raw unparsed configuration data by calling my $config = $self->conf->obj->getall; # raw config See the note under "getall", above. In future versions of this module, certain caching strategies may prevent you from accessing the underlying Config::General::Match object. get_current_config ($name) This is a class method which returns the current configuration object. my $conf = CGI::Application::Plugin::Config::General->get_current_config; print $conf->{'title'}; my %db_conf = CGI::Application::Plugin::Config::General->get_current_config('db'); print $db_conf{'username'}; This method is most useful in situations where you don't have access to the "CGI::Application" object, such within a "Class::DBI" class. See "Access to Configuration information from another Class" for an example. Note that "get_current_config" returns the configuration hash (or hashref) directly. It is the equivalent of calling "$self->conf->getall". ADVANCED USAGE Usage in a Persistent Environment such as mod_perl The following sections describe some notes about running this module under mod_perl: Config File Caching By default each config file is read only once when the conf object is first initialized. Thereafter, on each init, the cached config is used. If enough time has passed (sixty seconds by default) the config file is checked to see if it has changed. If it has changed, then the file is reread. If you are using "Config::General" version 2.28 or greater, then you can safely use the "include" feature of "Config::General" and all included files will be checked for changes along with the main file. To disable caching of config files pass a false value to the "-CacheConfigFiles" parameter to init, e.g: $self->conf->init( -ConfigFile => 'app.conf', -CacheConfigFiles => 0, ); To change how often config files are checked for changes, change the value of the "-StatConfig" paramter to init, e.g.: $self->conf->init( -ConfigFile => 'app.conf', -StatConfig => 1, # check the config file every second ); PerlSetVar instead of SetEnv For a (slight) performance improvement, you can use "PerlSetVar" instead of "SetEnv" within a " < >: # httpd.conf PerlSetVar SITE_NAME REDSITE Notes on Site Matching Renaming "" or "SITE_NAME" Normally, the environment variable "SITE_NAME" is matched to "" and "" sections. You can change these with the "-SiteSectionName" and "-SiteVar" parameters to "init": $self->conf->init( -ConfigFile => 'app.conf', -SiteSectionName => 'Host', -SiteVar => 'MY_HOST', ); This will match the environment variable "MY_HOST" to the sections "" and "". Setting "SITE_NAME" from an ".htaccess" file or the CGI script Since "SITE_NAME" is just an environment variable, you can set it anywhere you can set environment variables. For instance in an ".htaccess" file: # .htaccess SetEnv SITE_NAME bookshop Or even the calling CGI script: #!/usr/bin/perl use MySite::WebApp; $ENV{'SITE_NAME'} = 'recordshop'; my $app = MySite::WebApp->new(); $app->run(); Access to Configuration information from another Class You can also get at the current configuration settings from a completely unrelated Perl module. This can be useful for instance if you need to configure a set of "Class::DBI" classes, and you want them to be able to pick up their configuration on their own. For instance: # app.conf connect_string = dbi:Pg:dbname=example username = test password = test RaiseError = 1 AutoCommit = 1 # In your Class::DBI subclass package My::Class::DBI::Base; use base 'Class::DBI'; sub db_Main { my $conf = CGI::Application::Plugin::Config::General->get_current_config; my $dsn = $conf->{'database'}{'connect_string'}; my $user = $conf->{'database'}{'username'}; my $pass = $conf->{'database'}{'password'}; my $opts = $conf->{'database'}{'options'}; return DBI->connect_cached($dsn, $user, $pass, $opts); } For this example to work, you need to make sure you call "$self-"conf->init> before you access the database through any of your "Class::DBI" objects. Note that "get_current_config" returns the configuration hash (or hashref) directly. is the equivalent of calling "$self->conf->getall". Changing Parsing Behaviour Using Custom "-MatchSections" Internally, this module uses "Config::General" and "Config::General::Match" to parse its config files. If you want to change the parsing behaviour, you can pass your own "-MatchSections" list to "init". For instance, if you want to allow only sections named "", with no nesting, and have these matched exactly to the complete request path, you could do the following: # app.conf admin_area = 0 user_area = 0 admin_area = 1 user_area = 1 # in your cgiapp_init: $self->conf->init( -ConfigFile => 'app.conf', -NestingDepth => 1, -Options => { -MatchSections => [ { -Name => 'URL', -MatchType => 'exact', -MergePriority => 0, -SectionType => 'path', }, ] } ); For reference, here is the default "-MatchSections": -MatchSections => [ { -Name => 'Site', # overridden by -SiteSectionName -MatchType => 'exact', -MergePriority => 0, -SectionType => 'env', }, { -Name => 'AppMatch', -MatchType => 'regex', -SectionType => 'module', -MergePriority => 1, }, { -Name => 'App', -MatchType => 'path', -PathPathSeparator => '::', -SectionType => 'module', -MergePriority => 1, }, { -Name => 'LocationMatch', -MatchType => 'regex', -SectionType => 'path', -MergePriority => 3, }, { -Name => 'Location', -MatchType => 'path', -SectionType => 'path', -MergePriority => 3, }, ], For each section, the "-SectionType" param indicates what runtime variable the section will be matched against. Here are the allowed values env: matched to the environment variable SITE_NAME (overridden by -SiteNameVar) module: name of the Perl Module handling this request (e.g. MyApp::Users) path: path of the request, including path_info (e.g. /cgi-bin/myapp/users.cgi/some/path) You can use the above "-SectionType" values in your own custom "-MatchSection". AUTHOR Michael Graham, "" BUGS Please report any bugs or feature requests to "bug-cgi-application-plugin-config-general@rt.cpan.org", or through the web interface at . I will be notified, and then you'll automatically be notified of progress on your bug as I make changes. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This module would not be possible without Thomas Linden's excellent "Config::General" module. Thanks to the excellent examples provided by the other "CGI::Application" plugin authors: Mark Stosberg, Michael Peters, Cees Hek and others. SEE ALSO CGI::Application Config::General Config::General::Match CGI::Application::Plugin::Config::Simple CGI::Application::Plugin::ConfigAuto COPYRIGHT & LICENSE Copyright 2005 Michael Graham, All Rights Reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.