SYNOPSIS Example for err() and caller(): use Perinci::Sub::Util qw(err caller); sub foo { my %args = @_; my $res; my $caller = caller(); $res = bar(...); return err($err, 500, "Can't foo") if $res->[0] != 200; [200, "OK"]; } Example for gen_modified_sub(): use Perinci::Sub::Util qw(gen_modified_sub); $SPEC{list_users} = { v => 1.1, args => { search => {}, is_suspended => {}, }, }; sub list_users { ... } gen_modified_sub( output_name => 'list_suspended_users', base_name => 'list_users', remove_args => ['is_suspended'], output_code => sub { list_users(@_, is_suspended=>1); }, ); Example for die_err() and warn_err(): use Perinci::Sub::Util qw(warn_err die_err); warn_err(403, "Forbidden"); die_err(403, "Forbidden"); FUNCTIONS caller([ $n ]) Just like Perl's builtin caller(), except that this one will ignore wrapper code in the call stack. You should use this if your code is potentially wrapped. See Perinci::Sub::Wrapper for more details. err(...) => ARRAY Experimental. Generate an enveloped error response (see Rinci::function). Can accept arguments in an unordered fashion, by utilizing the fact that status codes are always integers, messages are strings, result metadata are hashes, and previous error responses are arrays. Error responses also seldom contain actual result. Status code defaults to 500, status message will default to "FUNC failed". This function will also fill the information in the logs result metadata. Examples: err(); # => [500, "FUNC failed", undef, {...}]; err(404); # => [404, "FUNC failed", undef, {...}]; err(404, "Not found"); # => [404, "Not found", ...] err("Not found", 404); # => [404, "Not found", ...]; # order doesn't matter err([404, "Prev error"]); # => [500, "FUNC failed", undef, # {logs=>[...], prev=>[404, "Prev error"]}] Will put stack_trace in logs only if Carp::Always module is loaded. warn_err(...) This is a shortcut for: $res = err(...); warn "ERROR $res->[0]: $res->[1]"; die_err(...) This is a shortcut for: $res = err(...); die "ERROR $res->[0]: $res->[1]"; FAQ What if I want to put result ($res->[2]) into my result with err()? You can do something like this: my $err = err(...) if ERROR_CONDITION; $err->[2] = SOME_RESULT; return $err; SEE ALSO Perinci