Equation Icon  ( ) ∘ ---------( ∮ ) E (𝒮 ) = 1-r3 1𝒮R + ρρ′ = 1-r3(− ψ2 + ϕ11 + Λ) = Area(𝒮-) 1 + -1- ρρ′d𝒮 . (4.8 ) G 4 G 16 πG2 2π 𝒮