
From the U.S. Code Online via GPO Access
[wais.access.gpo.gov]
[Laws in effect as of January 2, 2001]
[Document not affected by Public Laws enacted between
  January 2, 2001 and January 28, 2002]
[CITE: 16USC19jj-1]

 
                         TITLE 16--CONSERVATION
 
   CHAPTER 1--NATIONAL PARKS, MILITARY PARKS, MONUMENTS, AND SEASHORES
 
            SUBCHAPTER III-B--PARK SYSTEM RESOURCE PROTECTION
 
Sec. 19jj-1. Liability


(a) In general

    Subject to subsection (c) of this section, any person who destroys, 
causes the loss of, or injures any park system resource is liable to the 
United States for response costs and damages resulting from such 
destruction, loss, or injury.

(b) Liability in rem

    Any instrumentality, including but not limited to a vessel, vehicle, 
aircraft, or other equipment that destroys, causes the loss of, or 
injures any park system resource or any marine or aquatic park resource 
shall be liable in rem to the United States for response costs and 
damages resulting from such destruction, loss, or injury to the same 
extent as a person is liable under subsection (a) of this section.

(c) Defenses

    A person is not liable under this section if such person can 
establish that--
        (1) the destruction, loss of, or injury to the park system 
    resource was caused solely by an act of God or an act of war;
        (2) such person acted with due care, and the destruction, loss 
    of, or injury to the park system resource was caused solely by an 
    act or omission of a third party, other than an employee or agent of 
    such person; or
        (3) the destruction, loss, or injury to the park system resource 
    was caused by an activity authorized by Federal or State law.

(d) Scope

    The provisions of this section shall be in addition to any other 
liability which may arise under Federal or State law.

(Pub. L. 101-337, Sec. 2, July 27, 1990, 104 Stat. 379; Pub. L. 104-333, 
div. I, title VIII, Sec. 814(h)(3), Nov. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 4199; Pub. 
L. 106-176, title I, Sec. 120(c), Mar. 10, 2000, 114 Stat. 29.)


                               Amendments

    2000--Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106-176 inserted ``or'' after ``park 
system resource''.
    1996--Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104-333 inserted ``any marine or aquatic 
park resource'' after ``any park system resource''.

                  Section Referred to in Other Sections

    This section is referred to in section 19jj-2 of this title.
