
From the U.S. Code Online via GPO Access
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[Laws in effect as of January 2, 2001]
[Document affected by Public Law 107-107 Section 3171-3182]
[Document affected by Public Law 107-130]
[Document affected by Public Law 107-63]
[Document affected by Public Law 107-63 Section 129]
[Document affected by Public Law 107-91]
[CITE: 16USC668dd]

 
                         TITLE 16--CONSERVATION
 
           CHAPTER 5A--PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION OF WILDLIFE
 
         SUBCHAPTER III--ENDANGERED SPECIES OF FISH AND WILDLIFE
 
Sec. 668dd. National Wildlife Refuge System


(a) Designation; administration; continuance of resources-management-
        programs for refuge lands in Alaska; disposal of acquired lands; 
        proceeds

    (1) For the purpose of consolidating the authorities relating to the 
various categories of areas that are administered by the Secretary for 
the conservation of fish and wildlife, including species that are 
threatened with extinction, all lands, waters, and interests therein 
administered by the Secretary as wildlife refuges, areas for the 
protection and conservation of fish and wildlife that are threatened 
with extinction, wildlife ranges, game ranges, wildlife management 
areas, or waterfowl production areas are hereby designated as the 
``National Wildlife Refuge System'' (referred to herein as the 
``System''), which shall be subject to the provisions of this section, 
and shall be administered by the Secretary through the United States 
Fish and Wildlife Service. With respect to refuge lands in the State of 
Alaska, those programs relating to the management of resources for which 
any other agency of the Federal Government exercises administrative 
responsibility through cooperative agreement shall remain in effect, 
subject to the direct supervision of the United States Fish and Wildlife 
Service, as long as such agency agrees to exercise such responsibility.
    (2) The mission of the System is to administer a national network of 
lands and waters for the conservation, management, and where 
appropriate, restoration of the fish, wildlife, and plant resources and 
their habitats within the United States for the benefit of present and 
future generations of Americans.
    (3) With respect to the System, it is the policy of the United 
States that--
        (A) each refuge shall be managed to fulfill the mission of the 
    System, as well as the specific purposes for which that refuge was 
    established;
        (B) compatible wildlife-dependent recreation is a legitimate and 
    appropriate general public use of the System, directly related to 
    the mission of the System and the purposes of many refuges, and 
    which generally fosters refuge management and through which the 
    American public can develop an appreciation for fish and wildlife;
        (C) compatible wildlife-dependent recreational uses are the 
    priority general public uses of the System and shall receive 
    priority consideration in refuge planning and management; and
        (D) when the Secretary determines that a proposed wildlife-
    dependent recreational use is a compatible use within a refuge, that 
    activity should be facilitated, subject to such restrictions or 
    regulations as may be necessary, reasonable, and appropriate.

    (4) In administering the System, the Secretary shall--
        (A) provide for the conservation of fish, wildlife, and plants, 
    and their habitats within the System;
        (B) ensure that the biological integrity, diversity, and 
    environmental health of the System are maintained for the benefit of 
    present and future generations of Americans;
        (C) plan and direct the continued growth of the System in a 
    manner that is best designed to accomplish the mission of the 
    System, to contribute to the conservation of the ecosystems of the 
    United States, to complement efforts of States and other Federal 
    agencies to conserve fish and wildlife and their habitats, and to 
    increase support for the System and participation from conservation 
    partners and the public;
        (D) ensure that the mission of the System described in paragraph 
    (2) and the purposes of each refuge are carried out, except that if 
    a conflict exists between the purposes of a refuge and the mission 
    of the System, the conflict shall be resolved in a manner that first 
    protects the purposes of the refuge, and, to the extent practicable, 
    that also achieves the mission of the System;
        (E) ensure effective coordination, interaction, and cooperation 
    with owners of land adjoining refuges and the fish and wildlife 
    agency of the States in which the units of the System are located;
        (F) assist in the maintenance of adequate water quantity and 
    water quality to fulfill the mission of the System and the purposes 
    of each refuge;
        (G) acquire, under State law, water rights that are needed for 
    refuge purposes;
        (H) recognize compatible wildlife-dependent recreational uses as 
    the priority general public uses of the System through which the 
    American public can develop an appreciation for fish and wildlife;
        (I) ensure that opportunities are provided within the System for 
    compatible wildlife-dependent recreational uses;
        (J) ensure that priority general public uses of the System 
    receive enhanced consideration over other general public uses in 
    planning and management within the System;
        (K) provide increased opportunities for families to experience 
    compatible wildlife-dependent recreation, particularly opportunities 
    for parents and their children to safely engage in traditional 
    outdoor activities, such as fishing and hunting;
        (L) continue, consistent with existing laws and interagency 
    agreements, authorized or permitted uses of units of the System by 
    other Federal agencies, including those necessary to facilitate 
    military preparedness;
        (M) ensure timely and effective cooperation and collaboration 
    with Federal agencies and State fish and wildlife agencies during 
    the course of acquiring and managing refuges; and
        (N) monitor the status and trends of fish, wildlife, and plants 
    in each refuge.

    (5) No acquired lands which are or become a part of the System may 
be transferred or otherwise disposed of under any provision of law 
(except by exchange pursuant to subsection (b)(3) of this section) 
unless--
        (A) the Secretary determines with the approval of the Migratory 
    Bird Conservation Commission that such lands are no longer needed 
    for the purposes for which the System was established; and
        (B) such lands are transferred or otherwise disposed of for an 
    amount not less than--
            (i) the acquisition costs of such lands, in the case of 
        lands of the System which were purchased by the United States 
        with funds from the migratory bird conservation fund, or fair 
        market value, whichever is greater; or
            (ii) the fair market value of such lands (as determined by 
        the Secretary as of the date of the transfer or disposal), in 
        the case of lands of the System which were donated to the 
        System.

The Secretary shall pay into the migratory bird conservation fund the 
aggregate amount of the proceeds of any transfer or disposal referred to 
in the preceding sentence.
    (6) Each area which is included within the System on January 1, 
1975, or thereafter, and which was or is--
        (A) designated as an area within such System by law, Executive 
    order, or secretarial order; or
        (B) so included by public land withdrawal, donation, purchase, 
    exchange, or pursuant to a cooperative agreement with any State or 
    local government, any Federal department or agency, or any other 
    governmental entity,

shall continue to be a part of the System until otherwise specified by 
Act of Congress, except that nothing in this paragraph shall be 
construed as precluding--
        (i) the transfer or disposal of acquired lands within any such 
    area pursuant to paragraph (5) of this subsection;
        (ii) the exchange of lands within any such area pursuant to 
    subsection (b)(3) of this section; or
        (iii) the disposal of any lands within any such area pursuant to 
    the terms of any cooperative agreement referred to in subparagraph 
    (B) of this paragraph.

(b) Administration; public accommodations contracts; acceptance and use 
        of funds; exchange of properties; cash equalization payments

    In administering the System, the Secretary is authorized to take the 
following actions:
        (1) Enter into contracts with any person or public or private 
    agency through negotiation for the provision of public 
    accommodations when, and in such locations, and to the extent that 
    the Secretary determines will not be inconsistent with the primary 
    purpose for which the affected area was established.
        (2) Accept donations of funds and to use such funds to acquire 
    or manage lands or interests therein.
        (3) Acquire lands or interests therein by exchange (A) for 
    acquired lands or public lands, or for interests in acquired or 
    public lands, under his jurisdiction which he finds to be suitable 
    for disposition, or (B) for the right to remove, in accordance with 
    such terms and conditions as he may prescribe, products from the 
    acquired or public lands within the System. The values of the 
    properties so exchanged either shall be approximately equal, or if 
    they are not approximately equal the values shall be equalized by 
    the payment of cash to the grantor or to the Secretary as the 
    circumstances require.
        (4) Subject to standards established by and the overall 
    management oversight of the Director, and consistent with standards 
    established by this Act, to enter into cooperative agreements with 
    State fish and wildlife agencies for the management of programs on a 
    refuge.
        (5) Issue regulations to carry out this Act.

(c) Prohibited and permitted activities; application of mining and 
        mineral leasing laws, hunting or fishing regulations, and State 
        laws or regulations

    No person shall disturb, injure, cut, burn, remove, destroy, or 
possess any real or personal property of the United States, including 
natural growth, in any area of the System; or take or possess any fish, 
bird, mammal, or other wild vertebrate or invertebrate animals or part 
or nest or egg thereof within any such area; or enter, use, or otherwise 
occupy any such area for any purpose; unless such activities are 
performed by persons authorized to manage such area, or unless such 
activities are permitted either under subsection (d) of this section or 
by express provision of the law, proclamation, Executive order, or 
public land order establishing the area, or amendment thereof: Provided, 
That the United States mining and mineral leasing laws shall continue to 
apply to any lands within the System to the same extent they apply prior 
to October 15, 1966, unless subsequently withdrawn under other authority 
of law. With the exception of endangered species and threatened species 
listed by the Secretary pursuant to section 1533 of this title in States 
wherein a cooperative agreement does not exist pursuant to section 
1535(c) of this title, nothing in this Act shall be construed to 
authorize the Secretary to control or regulate hunting or fishing of 
resident fish and wildlife on lands not within the system. The 
regulations permitting hunting and fishing of resident fish and wildlife 
within the System shall be, to the extent practicable, consistent with 
State fish and wildlife laws and regulations.

(d) Use of areas; administration of migratory bird sanctuaries as game 
        taking areas; rights of way, easements, and reservations; 
        payment of fair market value

    (1) The Secretary is authorized, under such regulations as he may 
prescribe, to--
        (A) permit the use of any area within the System for any 
    purpose, including but not limited to hunting, fishing, public 
    recreation and accommodations, and access whenever he determines 
    that such uses are compatible with the major purposes for which such 
    areas were established: Provided, That not to exceed 40 per centum 
    at any one time of any area that has been, or hereafter may be 
    acquired, reserved, or set apart as an inviolate sanctuary for 
    migratory birds, under any law, proclamation, Executive order, or 
    public land order may be administered by the Secretary as an area 
    within which the taking of migratory game birds may be permitted 
    under such regulations as he may prescribe unless the Secretary 
    finds that the taking of any species of migratory game birds in more 
    than 40 percent of such area would be beneficial to the species; and
        (B) permit the use of, or grant easements in, over, across, 
    upon, through, or under any areas within the System for purposes 
    such as but not necessarily limited to, powerlines, telephone lines, 
    canals, ditches, pipelines, and roads, including the construction, 
    operation, and maintenance thereof, whenever he determines that such 
    uses are compatible with the purposes for which these areas are 
    established.

    (2) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary may 
not grant to any Federal, State, or local agency or to any private 
individual or organization any right-of-way, easement, or reservation 
in, over, across, through, or under any area within the system in 
connection with any use permitted by him under paragraph (1)(B) of this 
subsection unless the grantee pays to the Secretary, at the option of 
the Secretary, either (A) in lump sum the fair market value (determined 
by the Secretary as of the date of conveyance to the grantee) of the 
right-of-way, easement, or reservation; or (B) annually in advance the 
fair market rental value (determined by the Secretary) of the right-of-
way, easement, or reservation. If any Federal, State, or local agency is 
exempted from such payment by any other provision of Federal law, such 
agency shall otherwise compensate the Secretary by any other means 
agreeable to the Secretary, including, but not limited to, making other 
land available or the loan of equipment or personnel; except that (A) 
any such compensation shall relate to, and be consistent with, the 
objectives of the National Wildlife Refuge System, and (B) the Secretary 
may waive such requirement for compensation if he finds such requirement 
impracticable or unnecessary. All sums received by the Secretary 
pursuant to this paragraph shall, after payment of any necessary 
expenses incurred by him in administering this paragraph, be deposited 
into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund and shall be available to 
carry out the provisions for land acquisition of the Migratory Bird 
Conservation Act (16 U.S.C. 715 et seq.) and the Migratory Bird Hunting 
Stamp Act (16 U.S.C. 718 et seq.).
    (3)(A)(i) Except as provided in clause (iv), the Secretary shall not 
initiate or permit a new use of a refuge or expand, renew, or extend an 
existing use of a refuge, unless the Secretary has determined that the 
use is a compatible use and that the use is not inconsistent with public 
safety. The Secretary may make the determinations referred to in this 
paragraph for a refuge concurrently with development of a conservation 
plan under subsection (e) of this section.
    (ii) On lands added to the System after March 25, 1996, the 
Secretary shall identify, prior to acquisition, withdrawal, transfer, 
reclassification, or donation of any such lands, existing compatible 
wildlife-dependent recreational uses that the Secretary determines shall 
be permitted to continue on an interim basis pending completion of the 
comprehensive conservation plan for the refuge.
    (iii) Wildlife-dependent recreational uses may be authorized on a 
refuge when they are compatible and not inconsistent with public safety. 
Except for consideration of consistency with State laws and regulations 
as provided for in subsection (m) of this section, no other 
determinations or findings are required to be made by the refuge 
official under this Act or the Refuge Recreation Act for wildlife-
dependent recreation to occur.
    (iv) Compatibility determinations in existence on October 9, 1997, 
shall remain in effect until and unless modified.
    (B) Not later than 24 months after October 9, 1997, the Secretary 
shall issue final regulations establishing the process for determining 
under subparagraph (A) whether a use of a refuge is a compatible use. 
These regulations shall--
        (i) designate the refuge official responsible for making initial 
    compatibility determinations;
        (ii) require an estimate of the timeframe, location, manner, and 
    purpose of each use;
        (iii) identify the effects of each use on refuge resources and 
    purposes of each refuge;
        (iv) require that compatibility determinations be made in 
    writing;
        (v) provide for the expedited consideration of uses that will 
    likely have no detrimental effect on the fulfillment of the purposes 
    of a refuge or the mission of the System;
        (vi) provide for the elimination or modification of any use as 
    expeditiously as practicable after a determination is made that the 
    use is not a compatible use;
        (vii) require, after an opportunity for public comment, 
    reevaluation of each existing use, other than those uses specified 
    in clause (viii), if conditions under which the use is permitted 
    change significantly or if there is significant new information 
    regarding the effects of the use, but not less frequently than once 
    every 10 years, to ensure that the use remains a compatible use, 
    except that, in the case of any use authorized for a period longer 
    than 10 years (such as an electric utility right-of-way), the 
    reevaluation required by this clause shall examine compliance with 
    the terms and conditions of the authorization, not examine the 
    authorization itself;
        (viii) require, after an opportunity for public comment, 
    reevaluation of each compatible wildlife-dependent recreational use 
    when conditions under which the use is permitted change 
    significantly or if there is significant new information regarding 
    the effects of the use, but not less frequently than in conjunction 
    with each preparation or revision of a conservation plan under 
    subsection (e) of this section or at least every 15 years, whichever 
    is earlier; and
        (ix) provide an opportunity for public review and comment on 
    each evaluation of a use, unless an opportunity for public review 
    and comment on the evaluation of the use has already been provided 
    during the development or revision of a conservation plan for the 
    refuge under subsection (e) of this section or has otherwise been 
    provided during routine, periodic determinations of compatibility 
    for wildlife-dependent recreational uses.

    (4) The provisions of this Act relating to determinations of the 
compatibility of a use shall not apply to--
        (A) overflights above a refuge; and
        (B) activities authorized, funded, or conducted by a Federal 
    agency (other than the United States Fish and Wildlife Service) 
    which has primary jurisdiction over a refuge or a portion of a 
    refuge, if the management of those activities is in accordance with 
    a memorandum of understanding between the Secretary or the Director 
    and the head of the Federal agency with primary jurisdiction over 
    the refuge governing the use of the refuge.

(e) Refuge conservation planning program for non-Alaskan refuge lands

    (1)(A) Except with respect to refuge lands in Alaska (which shall be 
governed by the refuge planning provisions of the Alaska National 
Interest Lands Conservation Act (16 U.S.C. 3101 et seq.)), the Secretary 
shall--
        (i) propose a comprehensive conservation plan for each refuge or 
    related complex of refuges (referred to in this subsection as a 
    ``planning unit'') in the System;
        (ii) publish a notice of opportunity for public comment in the 
    Federal Register on each proposed conservation plan;
        (iii) issue a final conservation plan for each planning unit 
    consistent with the provisions of this Act and, to the extent 
    practicable, consistent with fish and wildlife conservation plans of 
    the State in which the refuge is located; and
        (iv) not less frequently than 15 years after the date of 
    issuance of a conservation plan under clause (iii) and every 15 
    years thereafter, revise the conservation plan as may be necessary.

    (B) The Secretary shall prepare a comprehensive conservation plan 
under this subsection for each refuge within 15 years after October 9, 
1997.
    (C) The Secretary shall manage each refuge or planning unit under 
plans in effect on October 9, 1997, to the extent such plans are 
consistent with this Act, until such plans are revised or superseded by 
new comprehensive conservation plans issued under this subsection.
    (D) Uses or activities consistent with this Act may occur on any 
refuge or planning unit before existing plans are revised or new 
comprehensive conservation plans are issued under this subsection.
    (E) Upon completion of a comprehensive conservation plan under this 
subsection for a refuge or planning unit, the Secretary shall manage the 
refuge or planning unit in a manner consistent with the plan and shall 
revise the plan at any time if the Secretary determines that conditions 
that affect the refuge or planning unit have changed significantly.
    (2) In developing each comprehensive conservation plan under this 
subsection for a planning unit, the Secretary, acting through the 
Director, shall identify and describe--
        (A) the purposes of each refuge comprising the planning unit;
        (B) the distribution, migration patterns, and abundance of fish, 
    wildlife, and plant populations and related habitats within the 
    planning unit;
        (C) the archaeological and cultural values of the planning unit;
        (D) such areas within the planning unit that are suitable for 
    use as administrative sites or visitor facilities;
        (E) significant problems that may adversely affect the 
    populations and habitats of fish, wildlife, and plants within the 
    planning unit and the actions necessary to correct or mitigate such 
    problems; and
        (F) opportunities for compatible wildlife-dependent recreational 
    uses.

    (3) In preparing each comprehensive conservation plan under this 
subsection, and any revision to such a plan, the Secretary, acting 
through the Director, shall, to the maximum extent practicable and 
consistent with this Act--
        (A) consult with adjoining Federal, State, local, and private 
    landowners and affected State conservation agencies; and
        (B) coordinate the development of the conservation plan or 
    revision with relevant State conservation plans for fish and 
    wildlife and their habitats.

    (4)(A) In accordance with subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall 
develop and implement a process to ensure an opportunity for active 
public involvement in the preparation and revision of comprehensive 
conservation plans under this subsection. At a minimum, the Secretary 
shall require that publication of any final plan shall include a summary 
of the comments made by States, owners of adjacent or potentially 
affected land, local governments, and any other affected persons, and a 
statement of the disposition of concerns expressed in those comments.
    (B) Prior to the adoption of each comprehensive conservation plan 
under this subsection, the Secretary shall issue public notice of the 
draft proposed plan, make copies of the plan available at the affected 
field and regional offices of the United States Fish and Wildlife 
Service, and provide opportunity for public comment.

(f) Penalties

                       (1) Knowing violations

        Any person who knowingly violates or fails to comply with any of 
    the provisions of this Act or any regulations issued thereunder 
    shall be fined under title 18 or imprisoned for not more than 1 
    year, or both.

                        (2) Other violations

        Any person who otherwise violates or fails to comply with any of 
    the provisions of this Act (including a regulation issued under this 
    Act) shall be fined under title 18 or imprisoned not more than 180 
    days, or both.

(g) Enforcement provision; arrests, searches, and seizures; custody of 
        property; forfeitures; disposition

    Any person authorized by the Secretary to enforce the provisions of 
this Act or any regulations issued thereunder, may, without a warrant, 
arrest any person violating this Act or regulations in his presence or 
view, and may execute any warrant or other process issued by an officer 
or court of competence jurisdiction to enforce the provisions of this 
Act or regulations, and may with a search warrant search for and seize 
any property, fish, bird, mammal, or other wild vertebrate or 
invertebrate animals or part or nest or egg thereof, taken or possessed 
in violation of this Act or the regulations issued thereunder. Any 
property, fish, bird, mammal, or other wild vertebrate or invertebrate 
animals or part or egg thereof seized with or without a search warrant 
shall be held by such person or by a United States marshal, and upon 
conviction, shall be forfeited to the United States and disposed of by 
the Secretary, in accordance with law. The Director of the United States 
Fish and Wildlife Service is authorized to utilize by agreement, with or 
without reimbursement, the personnel and services of any other Federal 
or State agency for purposes of enhancing the enforcement of this Act.

(h) Regulations; continuation, modification, or rescission

    Regulations applicable to areas of the System that are in effect on 
October 15, 1966, shall continue in effect until modified or rescinded.

(i) National conservation recreational area provisions; amendment, 
        repeal, or modification

    Nothing in this section shall be construed to amend, repeal, or 
otherwise modify the provision of the Act of September 28, 1962 (76 
Stat. 653; 16 U.S.C. 460k--460k-4) which authorizes the Secretary to 
administer the areas within the System for public recreation. The 
provisions of this section relating to recreation shall be administered 
in accordance with the provisions of said sections.

(j) Exemption from State water laws

    Nothing in this Act shall constitute an express or implied claim or 
denial on the part of the Federal Government as to exemption from State 
water laws.

(k) Emergency power

    Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, the Secretary may 
temporarily suspend, allow, or initiate any activity in a refuge in the 
System if the Secretary determines it is necessary to protect the health 
and safety of the public or any fish or wildlife population.

(l) Hunting and fishing on lands and waters not within System

    Nothing in this Act shall be construed to authorize the Secretary to 
control or regulate hunting or fishing of fish and resident wildlife on 
lands or waters that are not within the System.

(m) State authority

    Nothing in this Act shall be construed as affecting the authority, 
jurisdiction, or responsibility of the several States to manage, 
control, or regulate fish and resident wildlife under State law or 
regulations in any area within the System. Regulations permitting 
hunting or fishing of fish and resident wildlife within the System shall 
be, to the extent practicable, consistent with State fish and wildlife 
laws, regulations, and management plans.

(n) Water rights

    (1) Nothing in this Act shall--
        (A) create a reserved water right, express or implied, in the 
    United States for any purpose;
        (B) affect any water right in existence on October 9, 1997; or
        (C) affect any Federal or State law in existence on October 9, 
    1997, regarding water quality or water quantity.

    (2) Nothing in this Act shall diminish or affect the ability to join 
the United States in the adjudication of rights to the use of water 
pursuant to section 666 of title 43.

(o) Coordination with State agencies

    Coordination with State fish and wildlife agency personnel or with 
personnel of other affected State agencies pursuant to this Act shall 
not be subject to the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.).

(Pub. L. 89-669, Sec. 4, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 927; Pub. L. 90-404, 
Sec. 1, July 18, 1968, 82 Stat. 359; Pub. L. 93-205, Sec. 13(a), Dec. 
28, 1973, 87 Stat. 902; Pub. L. 93-509, Sec. 2, Dec. 3, 1974, 88 Stat. 
1603; Pub. L. 94-215, Sec. 5, Feb. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 190; Pub. L. 94-
223, Feb. 27, 1976, 90 Stat. 199; Pub. L. 95-616, Secs. 3(f), 6, Nov. 8, 
1978, 92 Stat. 3111, 3114; Pub. L. 100-226, Sec. 4, Dec. 31, 1987, 101 
Stat. 1551; Pub. L. 100-653, title IX, Sec. 904, Nov. 14, 1988, 102 
Stat. 3834; Pub. L. 105-57, Secs. 3(b)-8, Oct. 9, 1997, 111 Stat. 1254-
1259; Pub. L. 105-312, title II, Sec. 206, Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 
2958.)

                       References in Text

    This Act, referred to in text, means Pub. L. 89-669, Oct. 15, 1966, 
80 Stat. 927, as amended, which enacted sections 668aa to 668ee, amended 
sections 460k, 696, 696b, 715c, 715i to 715k, 718d, and repealed 
sections 715d-1, 715d-2, 715l, 715m of this title. For complete 
classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
    The United States mining laws and mineral leasing laws, referred to 
in subsec. (c), are classified generally to Title 30, Mineral Lands and 
Mining.
    The Migratory Bird Conservation Act, referred to in subsec. (d)(2), 
is act Feb. 18, 1929, ch. 257, 45 Stat. 1222, as amended, which is 
classified generally to subchapter III (Sec. 715 et seq.) of chapter 7 
of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see 
section 715 of this title and Tables.
    The Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act, referred to in subsec. (d)(2), 
is act Mar. 16, 1934, ch. 71, 48 Stat. 451, as amended, which is 
classified generally to subchapter IV (Sec. 718 et seq.) of chapter 7 of 
this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see 
Short Title note set out under section 718 of this title and Tables.
    The Refuge Recreation Act and the Act of September 28, 1962, 
referred to in subsecs. (d)(3)(A)(iii) and (i), is Pub. L. 87-714, Sept. 
28, 1962, 76 Stat. 653, as amended, which is classified generally to 
subchapter LXVIII (Sec. 460k et seq.) of chapter 1 of this title.
    The Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act, referred to in 
subsec. (e)(1)(A), is Pub. L. 96-487, Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2371, as 
amended. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short 
Title note set out under section 3101 of this title and Tables.
    The Federal Advisory Committee Act, referred to in subsec. (o), is 
Pub. L. 92-463, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 770, as amended, which is 
classified to the Appendix of Title 5, Government Organization and 
Employees.


                               Amendments

    1998--Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105-312, Sec. 206(1), struck out 
``knowingly'' after ``No person shall'' in first sentence.
    Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 105-312, Sec. 206(2), inserted subsec. heading, 
par. (1) designation and heading, and ``knowingly'' after ``Any person 
who'', and added par. (2).
    1997--Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 105-57, Sec. 3(b), substituted 
``Secretary'' for ``Secretary of the Interior'' before ``for the 
conservation of fish and wildlife''.
    Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 105-57, Sec. 4(1), (3), added par. (2) and 
redesignated former par. (2) as (5).
    Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 105-57, Sec. 3(b), substituted 
``Secretary'' for ``Secretary of the Interior'' before ``determines with 
the approval''.
    Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 105-57, Secs. 4(1), 5(a), added par. (3) and 
redesignated former par. (3) as (6).
    Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 105-57, Sec. 5(a), added par. (4).
    Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 105-57, Sec. 4(1), redesignated par. (2) as 
(5).
    Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 105-57, Sec. 4(1), redesignated par. (3) as 
(6).
    Subsec. (a)(6)(i). Pub. L. 105-57, Sec. 4(2), substituted 
``paragraph (5)'' for ``paragraph (2)''.
    Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105-57, Sec. 5(b)(1), substituted ``authorized 
to take the following actions:'' for ``authorized--'' in introductory 
provisions.
    Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 105-57, Sec. 5(b)(2), substituted ``Enter'' 
for ``to enter''.
    Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 105-57, Sec. 5(b)(3), substituted ``Accept'' 
for ``to accept'' and substituted a period for ``, and'' at end.
    Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 105-57, Sec. 5(b)(4), substituted 
``Acquire'' for ``to acquire''.
    Subsec. (b)(4), (5). Pub. L. 105-57, Sec. 5(b)(5), added pars. (4) 
and (5).
    Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105-57, Sec. 8(b), struck out at end ``The 
provisions of this Act shall not be construed as affecting the 
authority, jurisdiction, or responsibility of the several States to 
manage, control, or regulate fish and resident wildlife under State law 
or regulations in any area within the System.''
    Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 105-57, Sec. 3(b), substituted ``Secretary'' 
for ``Secretary of the Interior'' before ``may not grant to any 
Federal'' and before ``pursuant to this paragraph''.
    Subsec. (d)(3), (4). Pub. L. 105-57, Sec. 6, added pars. (3) and 
(4).
    Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105-57, Sec. 7(a), added subsec. (e) and 
redesignated former subsec. (e) as (f).
    Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 105-57, Sec. 7(a)(1), redesignated subsec. (e) 
as (f). Former subsec. (f) redesignated (g).
    Pub. L. 105-57, Sec. 3(b), substituted ``Secretary'' for ``Secretary 
of the Interior'' before ``to enforce the provisions''.
    Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 105-57, Sec. 7(a)(1), redesignated subsec. (f) 
as (g). Former subsec. (g) redesignated (h).
    Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 105-57, Sec. 7(a)(1), redesignated subsec. (g) 
as (h). Former subsec. (h) redesignated (i).
    Pub. L. 105-57, Sec. 3(b), substituted ``Secretary'' for ``Secretary 
of the Interior''.
    Subsecs. (i), (j). Pub. L. 105-57, Sec. 7(a)(1), redesignated 
subsecs. (h) and (i) as (i) and (j), respectively.
    Subsecs. (k) to (o). Pub. L. 105-57, Sec. 8(a), added subsecs. (k) 
to (o).
    1988--Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 100-653 substituted ``thereunder shall be 
fined under title 18 or imprisoned for not more than 1 year, or both'' 
for ``thereunder shall be fined not more than $500 or be imprisoned not 
more than six months, or both''.
    1987--Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 100-226 inserted at end ``The Director of 
the United States Fish and Wildlife Service is authorized to utilize by 
agreement, with or without reimbursement, the personnel and services of 
any other Federal or State agency for purposes of enhancing the 
enforcement of this Act.''
    1978--Subsec. (d)(1)(A). Pub. L. 95-616, Sec. 6, authorized the 
Secretary to find that the taking of any species of migratory birds in 
more than 40 percent of the area would be beneficial to the species.
    Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 95-616, Sec. 3(f), substituted ``disposed of by 
the Secretary, in accordance with law'' for ``disposed of by the 
court''.
    1976--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94-223 designated existing first sentence 
as par. (1), provided for administration of the System by the Secretary 
of the Interior through the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and 
inserted provision respecting continuance of programs relating to 
management of resources in refuge lands in Alaska, subject to direct 
supervision of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service; struck out 
second sentence providing that ``Nothing in this Act shall restrict the 
authority of the Secretary to modify or revoke public land withdrawals 
affecting lands in the System as presently constituted, or as it may be 
constituted, whenever he determines that such action is consistent with 
the public interest.''; designated existing third sentence as par. (2), 
redesignated as subpars. (A) and (B) former clauses (1) and (2), 
redesignated as subpar. (B)(i) and (ii) former cl. (2)(A) and (B), 
substituted in subpar. (A) ``with the approval of'' for ``after 
consultation with'', inserted in subpar. (B)(i) ``or fair market value, 
whichever is greater;'' and reenacted as second sentence of par. (2) 
former last sentence of subsec. (a); and added par. (3).
    Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 94-215 substituted designations ``(A)'' and 
``(B)'' for ``(a)'' and ``(b)'', inserted in cl. (A) ``, or for 
interests in acquired or public lands,'' before ``under his 
jurisdiction'' and substituted in cl. (B) ``he may prescribe'' for ``the 
Secretary may prescribe''.
    1974--Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 93-509 designated existing provisions as 
par. (1)(A) and (B) and added par. (2).
    1973--Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93-205 inserted ``With the exception of 
endangered species and threatened species listed by the Secretary 
pursuant to section 1533 of this title in States wherein a cooperative 
agreement does not exist pursuant to section 1535(c) of this title'' 
before ``nothing in this Act shall be construed'' and struck out ``, 
including endangered species thereof,'' before ``on lands not within the 
System'' in second sentence.
    1968--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90-404 inserted provisions that no 
acquired lands which are or become a part of the National Wildlife 
Refuge System may be transferred or otherwise disposed of except under 
the specified conditions, and provisions that the Secretary pay into the 
migratory bird conservation fund the proceeds of any such transfer or 
disposal.


                    Effective Date of 1974 Amendment

    Section 3 of Pub. L. 93-509 provided that: ``Section 4 (d)(2) of the 
Act of October 15, 1966 (as added by this Act) [subsec. (d)(2) of this 
section], shall apply with respect to any right-of-way, easement, or 
reservation granted by the Secretary of the Interior on or after the 
date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 3, 1974], including any right-
of-way, easement, or reservation granted on or after such date in 
connection with any use permitted by him pursuant to section 4(d)(2) of 
the Act of October 15, 1966 [now subsec. (d)(1)(B) of this section] (as 
in effect before the date of the enactment of this Act).''


                    Effective Date of 1973 Amendment

    Amendment by Pub. L. 93-205 effective Dec. 28, 1973, see section 16 
of Pub. L. 93-205, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1531 
of this title.


                    Effective Date of 1968 Amendment

    Section 2 of Pub. L. 90-404 provided that: ``The amendments made by 
the first section of this Act [amending subsec. (a) of this section] 
shall apply only with respect to transfers and disposals of land 
initiated and completed after the date of their enactment [July 18, 
1968].''


                      Short Title of 1998 Amendment

    Pub. L. 105-312, title II, Sec. 201, Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 2957, 
provided that: ``This title [amending this section, sections 721 and 722 
of this title, and section 564w-1 of Title 25, Indians, enacting 
provisions set out as a note under section 722 of this title, and 
amending provisions listed in a table of National Wildlife Refuges set 
out under this section] may be cited as the `National Wildlife Refuge 
System Improvement Act of 1998'.''


                      Short Title of 1997 Amendment

    Section 1(a) of Pub. L. 105-57 provided that: ``This Act [amending 
this section and section 668ee of this title and enacting provisions set 
out as notes under this section] may be cited as the `National Wildlife 
Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997'.''


                      Short Title of 1974 Amendment

    Section 1 of Pub. L. 93-509 provided: ``That this Act [amending this 
section and section 715s of this title, and enacting provisions set out 
as notes under this section] may be cited as the `National Wildlife 
Refuge System Administration Act Amendments of 1974'.''


                               Short Title

    Section 12(f) of Pub. L. 91-135, Dec. 5, 1969, 83 Stat. 283, 
provided that: ``The provisions of sections 4 and 5 of the Act of 
October 15, 1966 (80 Stat. 929; 16 U.S.C. 668dd-668ee), as amended, 
shall hereinafter be cited as the `National Wildlife Refuge System 
Administration Act of 1966'.''

                          Transfer of Functions

    Enforcement functions of Secretary or other official in Department 
of the Interior related to compliance with approval to cross national 
wildlife refuges under sections 668dd and 668ee of this title with 
respect to pre-construction, construction, and initial operation of 
transportation system for Canadian and Alaskan natural gas transferred 
to Federal Inspector, Office of Federal Inspector for Alaska Natural Gas 
Transportation System, until first anniversary of date of initial 
operation of Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System, see Reorg. Plan 
No. 1 of 1979, Secs. 102(e), 203(a), 44 F.R. 33663, 33666, 93 Stat. 
1373, 1376, effective July 1, 1979, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, 
Government Organization and Employees. Office of Federal Inspector for 
the Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System abolished and functions and 
authority vested in Inspector transferred to Secretary of Energy by 
section 3012(b) of Pub. L. 102-486, set out as an Abolition of Office of 
Federal Inspector note under section 719e of Title 15, Commerce and 
Trade.


               National Wildlife Refuge System Centennial

    Pub. L. 106-408, title III, Nov. 1, 2000, 114 Stat. 1782, provided 
that:
``SEC. 301. SHORT TITLE.
    ``This title may be cited as the `National Wildlife Refuge System 
Centennial Act'.
``SEC. 302. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES.
    ``(a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
        ``(1) President Theodore Roosevelt began the National Wildlife 
    Refuge System by establishing the first refuge at Pelican Island, 
    Florida, on March 14, 1903;
        ``(2) the National Wildlife Refuge System is comprised of more 
    than 93,000,000 acres of Federal land managed by the United States 
    Fish and Wildlife Service in more than 532 individual refuges and 
    thousands of waterfowl production areas located in all 50 States and 
    the territories of the United States;
        ``(3) the System is the only network of Federal land dedicated 
    singularly to wildlife conservation and where wildlife-dependent 
    recreation and environmental education are priority public uses;
        ``(4) the System serves a vital role in the conservation of 
    millions of migratory birds, dozens of endangered species and 
    threatened species, some of the premier fisheries of the United 
    States, marine mammals, and the habitats on which such species of 
    fish and wildlife depend;
        ``(5) each year the System provides millions of Americans with 
    opportunities to participate in wildlife-dependent recreation, 
    including hunting, fishing, and wildlife observation;
        ``(6)(A) public visitation to national wildlife refuges is 
    growing, with more than 35,000,000 visitors annually; and
        ``(B) it is essential that visitor centers and public use 
    facilities be properly constructed, operated, and maintained;
        ``(7) the National Wildlife Refuge System Volunteer and 
    Community Partnership Enhancement Act of 1998 (16 U.S.C. 742f note; 
    Public Law 105-242) [see Short Title of 1998 Amendments note under 
    section 742a of this title], and the amendments made by that Act, 
    significantly enhance the ability of the United States Fish and 
    Wildlife Service to incorporate volunteers and partnerships in 
    refuge management;
        ``(8) as of the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 1, 
    2000], the System has an unacceptable backlog of critical operation 
    and maintenance needs; and
        ``(9) the occasion of the centennial of the System, in 2003, 
    presents a historic opportunity to enhance natural resource 
    stewardship and expand public enjoyment of the national wildlife 
    refuges of the United States.
    ``(b) Purposes.--The purposes of this title are--
        ``(1) to establish a commission to promote awareness by the 
    public of the National Wildlife Refuge System as the System 
    celebrates its centennial in 2003;
        ``(2) to develop a long-term plan to meet the priority 
    operation, maintenance, and construction needs of the System;
        ``(3) to require an annual report on the needs of the System 
    prepared in the context of--
            ``(A) the budget submission of the Department of the 
        Interior to the President; and
            ``(B) the President's budget request to Congress; and
        ``(4) to improve public use programs and facilities of the 
    System to meet the increasing needs of the public for wildlife-
    dependent recreation in the 21st century.
``SEC. 303. NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SYSTEM CENTENNIAL COMMISSION.
    ``(a) Establishment.--There is established the National Wildlife 
Refuge System Centennial Commission (referred to in this title as the 
`Commission').
    ``(b) Members.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Commission shall be composed of--
            ``(A) the Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife 
        Service;
            ``(B) up to 10 individuals appointed by the Secretary of the 
        Interior;
            ``(C) the chairman and ranking minority member of the 
        Committee on Resources of the House of Representatives and of 
        the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate, who 
        shall be nonvoting members; and
            ``(D) the congressional representatives of the Migratory 
        Bird Conservation Commission, who shall be nonvoting members.
        ``(2) Appointments.--
            ``(A) Deadline.--The members of the Commission shall be 
        appointed not later than 90 days after the effective date of 
        this title.
            ``(B) Appointments by the secretary of the interior.--
                ``(i) In general.--The members of the Commission 
            appointed by the Secretary of the Interior under paragraph 
            (1)(B)--
          ``(I) shall not be officers or employees of the Federal 
                Government; and
          ``(II) shall, in the judgment of the Secretary--
                        ``(aa) represent the diverse beneficiaries of 
                    the System; and
                        ``(bb) have outstanding knowledge or 
                    appreciation of wildlife, natural resource 
                    management, or wildlife-dependent recreation.
                ``(ii) Representation of views.--In making appointments 
            under paragraph (1)(B), the Secretary of the Interior shall 
            make every effort to ensure that the views of the hunting, 
            fishing, and wildlife observation communities are 
            represented on the Commission.
        ``(3) Vacancies.--Any vacancy in the Commission--
            ``(A) shall not affect the power or duties of the 
        Commission; and
            ``(B) shall be expeditiously filled in the same manner as 
        the original appointment was made.
    ``(c) Chairperson.--The Secretary of the Interior shall appoint one 
of the members as the Chairperson of the Commission.
    ``(d) Compensation.--The members of the Commission shall receive no 
compensation for their service on the Commission.
    ``(e) Travel Expenses.--
        ``(1) Legislative branch members.--The members of the Commission 
    from the legislative branch of the Federal Government shall be 
    allowed necessary travel expenses, as authorized by other law for 
    official travel, while away from their homes or regular places of 
    business in the performance of services for the Commission.
        ``(2) Executive branch members.--The members of the Commission 
    from the executive branch of the Federal Government shall be allowed 
    necessary travel expenses in accordance with section 5702 of title 
    5, United States Code, while away from their homes or regular places 
    of business in the performance of services for the Commission.
        ``(3) Other members and staff.--The members of the Commission 
    appointed by the Secretary of the Interior and staff of the 
    Commission may be allowed necessary travel expenses as authorized by 
    section 5702 of title 5, United States Code, while away from their 
    homes or regular places of business in the performance of services 
    for the Commission.
    ``(f) Duties.--The Commission shall--
        ``(1) prepare, in cooperation with Federal, State, local, and 
    nongovernmental partners, a plan to commemorate the centennial of 
    the National Wildlife Refuge System beginning on March 14, 2003;
        ``(2) coordinate the activities of the partners under the plan; 
    and
        ``(3) plan and host, in cooperation with the partners, a 
    conference on the National Wildlife Refuge System, and assist in the 
    activities of the conference.
    ``(g) Staff.--Subject to the availability of appropriations, the 
Commission may employ such staff as are necessary to carry out the 
duties of the Commission.
    ``(h) Donations.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Commission may, in accordance with 
    criteria established under paragraph (2), accept and use donations 
    of money, personal property, or personal services.
        ``(2) Criteria.--The Commission shall establish written criteria 
    to be used in determining whether the acceptance of gifts or 
    donations under paragraph (1) would--
            ``(A) reflect unfavorably on the ability of the Commission 
        or any employee of the Commission to carry out its 
        responsibilities or official duties in a fair and objective 
        manner; or
            ``(B) compromise the integrity or the appearance of the 
        integrity of any person involved in the activities of the 
        Commission.
    ``(i) Administrative Support.--Upon the request of the Commission--
        ``(1) the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Director 
    of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, may provide to the 
    Commission such administrative support services as are necessary for 
    the Commission to carry out the duties of the Commission under this 
    title, including services relating to budgeting, accounting, 
    financial reporting, personnel, and procurement; and
        ``(2) the head of any other appropriate Federal agency may 
    provide to the Commission such advice and assistance, with or 
    without reimbursement, as are appropriate to assist the Commission 
    in carrying out the duties of the Commission.
    ``(j) Reports.--
        ``(1) Annual reports.--Not later than 1 year after the effective 
    date of this title, and annually thereafter, the Commission shall 
    submit to Congress a report on the activities and plans of the 
    Commission.
        ``(2) Final report.--Not later than September 30, 2004, the 
    Commission shall submit to the Committee on Resources of the House 
    of Representatives and the Committee on Environment and Public Works 
    of the Senate a final report on the activities of the Commission, 
    including an accounting of all funds received and expended by the 
    Commission.
    ``(k) Termination.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Commission shall terminate 90 days after 
    the date on which the Commission submits the final report under 
    subsection (j).
        ``(2) Disposition of materials.--Upon termination of the 
    Commission and after consultation with the Archivist of the United 
    States and the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, the 
    Secretary of the Interior may--
            ``(A)(i) deposit all books, manuscripts, miscellaneous 
        printed matter, memorabilia, relics, and other similar materials 
        of the Commission relating to the centennial of the National 
        Wildlife Refuge System in Federal, State, or local libraries or 
        museums; or
            ``(ii) otherwise dispose of such materials; and
            ``(B)(i) use other property acquired by the Commission for 
        the purposes of the National Wildlife Refuge System; or
            ``(ii) treat such property as excess property.
``SEC. 304. LONG-TERM PLANNING AND ANNUAL REPORTING REQUIREMENTS 
        REGARDING THE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE BACKLOG.
    ``(a) Unified Long-Term Plan.--Not later than March 1, 2002, the 
Secretary of the Interior shall prepare and submit to Congress and the 
President a unified long-term plan to address priority operation, 
maintenance, and construction needs of the National Wildlife Refuge 
System, including--
        ``(1) priority staffing needs of the System; and
        ``(2) operation, maintenance, and construction needs as 
    identified in--
            ``(A) the Refuge Operating Needs System;
            ``(B) the Maintenance Management System;
            ``(C) the 5-year deferred maintenance list;
            ``(D) the 5-year construction list;
            ``(E) the United States Fish and Wildlife Service report 
        entitled `Fulfilling the Promise of America's National Wildlife 
        Refuge System'; and
            ``(F) individual refuge comprehensive conservation plans.
    ``(b) Annual Submission.--Beginning with the submission to Congress 
of the budget for fiscal year 2003, the Secretary of the Interior shall 
prepare and submit to Congress, in the context of each annual budget 
submission, a report that contains--
        ``(1) an assessment of expenditures in the prior, current, and 
    upcoming fiscal years to meet the operation and maintenance backlog 
    as identified in the long-term plan under subsection (a); and
        ``(2) a specification of transition costs, in the prior, 
    current, and upcoming fiscal years, as identified in the analysis of 
    newly acquired refuge land prepared by the Department of the 
    Interior, and a description of the method used to determine the 
    priority status of the transition costs.
``SEC. 305. YEAR OF THE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE.
    ``(a) Finding.--Congress finds that designation of the year 2003 as 
the `Year of the National Wildlife Refuge' would promote the goal of 
increasing public appreciation of the importance of the National 
Wildlife Refuge System.
    ``(b) Proclamation.--The President is requested to issue a 
proclamation calling on the people of the United States to conduct 
appropriate programs, ceremonies, and activities to accomplish the goal 
of such a year.
``SEC. 306. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
    ``There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out the 
activities of the Commission under this title--
        ``(1) $100,000 for fiscal year 2001; and
        ``(2) $250,000 for each of fiscal years 2002 through 2004.
``SEC. 307. EFFECTIVE DATE.
    ``This title takes effect on January 20, 2001.''


                         Congressional Findings

    Section 2 of Pub. L. 105-57 provided that: ``The Congress finds the 
following:
        ``(1) The National Wildlife Refuge System is comprised of over 
    92,000,000 acres of Federal lands that have been incorporated within 
    509 individual units located in all 50 States and the territories of 
    the United States.
        ``(2) The System was created to conserve fish, wildlife, and 
    plants and their habitats and this conservation mission has been 
    facilitated by providing Americans opportunities to participate in 
    compatible wildlife-dependent recreation, including fishing and 
    hunting, on System lands and to better appreciate the value of and 
    need for fish and wildlife conservation.
        ``(3) The System serves a pivotal role in the conservation of 
    migratory birds, anadromous and interjurisdictional fish, marine 
    mammals, endangered and threatened species, and the habitats on 
    which these species depend.
        ``(4) The System assists in the fulfillment of important 
    international treaty obligations of the United States with regard to 
    fish, wildlife, and plants and their habitats.
        ``(5) The System includes lands purchased not only through the 
    use of tax dollars but also through the proceeds from sales of Duck 
    Stamps and national wildlife refuge entrance fees. It is a System 
    that is financially supported by those benefiting from and utilizing 
    it.
        ``(6) When managed in accordance with principles of sound fish 
    and wildlife management and administration, fishing, hunting, 
    wildlife observation, and environmental education in national 
    wildlife refuges have been and are expected to continue to be 
    generally compatible uses.
        ``(7) On March 25, 1996, the President issued Executive Order 
    12996 [set out below], which recognized `compatible wildlife-
    dependent recreational uses involving hunting, fishing, wildlife 
    observation and photography, and environmental education and 
    interpretation as priority public uses of the Refuge System'.
        ``(8) Executive Order 12996 is a positive step and serves as the 
    foundation for the permanent statutory changes made by this Act [see 
    Short Title of 1997 Amendment note above].''


              Statutory Construction With Respect to Alaska

    Section 9 of Pub. L. 105-57 provided that:
    ``(a) In General.--Nothing in this Act [see Short Title of 1997 
Amendment note above] is intended to affect--
        ``(1) the provisions for subsistence uses in Alaska set forth in 
    the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (Public Law 96-
    487) [see Short Title note set out under section 3101 of this 
    title], including those in titles III [enacting provisions listed in 
    a table of National Wildlife Refuges set out below and provisions 
    set out as a note under section 3145 of this title] and VIII [16 
    U.S.C. 3111 et seq.] of that Act;
        ``(2) the provisions of section 102 of the Alaska National 
    Interest Lands Conservation Act [16 U.S.C. 3102], the jurisdiction 
    over subsistence uses in Alaska, or any assertion of subsistence 
    uses in Alaska in the Federal courts; and
        ``(3) the manner in which section 810 of the Alaska National 
    Interest Lands Conservation Act [16 U.S.C. 3120] is implemented in 
    national wildlife refuges in Alaska.
    ``(b) Conflicts of Laws.--If any conflict arises between any 
provision of this Act and any provision of the Alaska National Interest 
Lands Conservation Act, then the provision in the Alaska National 
Interest Lands Conservation Act shall prevail.''


    Land Transfer and Conveyance, Pease Air Force Base, New Hampshire

    Pub. L. 102-154, title III, Sec. 319, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1036, 
provided that:
    ``(a) Transfer by the Air Force.--Notwithstanding any other 
provision of law, the Secretary of the Air Force shall transfer to the 
Department of the Interior a parcel of real property located west of 
McIntyre Road at the site of former Pease Air Force Base, New Hampshire: 
Provided, That the Secretary of the Air Force shall retain 
responsibility for any hazardous substances which may be found on the 
property so transferred.
    ``(b) Establishment of National Wildlife Refuge.--Except as provided 
in subsection (c), the Secretary of the Interior shall designate the 
parcel of land transferred under subsection (a) as an area in the 
National Wildlife Refuge System under the authority of section 4 of the 
Act of October 15, 1966 (16 U.S.C. 688dd).
    ``(c) Conveyance to State of New Hampshire.--
        ``(1) Conveyance.--Subject to paragraphs (2) through (5), the 
    Secretary of the Interior shall convey to the State of New 
    Hampshire, without consideration, all right, title, and interest of 
    the United States in and to a parcel of real property consisting of 
    not more than 100 acres that is a part of the real property 
    transferred to the Secretary under subsection (a) and that the 
    Secretary determines to be suitable for use as a cemetery.
        ``(2) Condition of conveyance.--The conveyance under paragraph 
    (1) shall be subject to the condition that the State of New 
    Hampshire use the property conveyed under that paragraph only for 
    the purpose of establishing and operating a State cemetery for 
    veterans.
        ``(3) Reversion.--If the Secretary determines at any time that 
    the State of New Hampshire is not complying with the condition 
    specified in paragraph (2), all right, title, and interest in and to 
    the property conveyed pursuant to paragraph (1), including any 
    improvements thereon, shall revert to the United States and the 
    United States shall have the right of immediate entry thereon.
        ``(4) Description of property.--The exact acreage and legal 
    description of the parcel of real property to be conveyed under 
    paragraph (1) shall be determined by a survey that is satisfactory 
    to the Secretary.
        ``(5) Additional terms and conditions.--The Secretary may 
    require any additional terms or conditions in connection with the 
    conveyance under this subsection that the Secretary determines 
    appropriate to protect the interests of the United States.
    ``(d) The purposes for which this national wildlife refuge is 
established are--
        ``(1) to encourage the natural diversity of plant, fish, and 
    wildlife species within the refuge, and to provide for their 
    conservation and management;
        ``(2) to protect species listed as endangered or threatened, or 
    identified as candidates for listing pursuant to the Endangered 
    Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.);
        ``(3) to preserve and enhance the water quality of aquatic 
    habitat within the refuge; and
        ``(4) to fulfill the international treaty obligations of the 
    United States relating to fish and wildlife.''

                        National Wildlife Refuges



Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska.--Pub. L. 96-487, title
 III, Sec.  303(1), Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2389; Pub. L. 101-622, Nov.
 21, 1990, 104 Stat. 3347; Pub. L. 102-489, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat.
 3138; Pub. L. 106-554, Sec.  1(a)(4) [div. A, Sec.  302], Dec. 21,
 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A-180.
Alaska Peninsula National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska.--Pub. L. 96-498,
 title III, Sec.  302(1), Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2385.
Amagansett National Wildlife Refuge, New York.--Pub. L. 104-148, Sec.
 1, May 24, 1996, 110 Stat. 1378.
Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Myrtle Foester Whitmire Division,
 Texas.--Pub. L. 102-226, Sec.  1, Dec. 11, 1991, 105 Stat. 1685.
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska.--Pub. L. 96-498, title III,
 Sec.  303(2), Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2390.
Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, Florida.--Pub.
 L. 99-615, Nov. 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 3484.
Atchafalaya National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana.--Pub. L. 98-548, title
 III, Oct. 26, 1984, 98 Stat. 2776; Pub. L. 99-625, Sec.  2, Nov. 7,
 1986, 100 Stat. 3502.
Baca National Wildlife Refuge, Colorado.--Pub. L. 106-530, Sec.  6, Nov.
 22, 2000, 114 Stat. 2530.
Bandon Marsh National Wildlife Refuge, Oregon.--Pub. L. 97-137, title I,
 Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1709; Pub. L. 105-321, Sec.  5, Oct. 30, 1998,
 112 Stat. 3025.
Bayou Cocodrie National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana.--Pub. L. 101-593,
 title I, Sec.  108, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2956.
Bayou Sauvage Urban National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana.--Pub. L. 99-
 645, title V, Sec.  502, Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3590; Pub. L. 104-
 253, Sec.  2, Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3167.
Becharof National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska.--Pub. L. 96-498, title III,
 Sec.  302(2), Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2385.
Bogue Chitto National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana-Mississippi.--Pub. L.
 96-288, June 28, 1980, 94 Stat. 603; Pub. L. 99-191, Sec.  3, Dec. 19,
 1985, 99 Stat. 1327; Pub. L. 101-233, Sec.  17, Dec. 13, 1989, 103
 Stat. 1978.
Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge, Alabama.--Pub. L. 96-267, June 9,
 1980, 94 Stat. 483; Pub. L. 99-191, Sec.  1, Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat.
 1327.
Cache River National Wildlife Refuge, Arkansas.--Pub. L. 102-584, Secs.
 1-5, Nov. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 4937-4941.
Cahaba River National Wildlife Refuge, Alabama.--Pub. L. 106-331, Oct.
 19, 2000, 114 Stat. 1303; Pub. L. 106-369, Sec.  9(b), Oct. 27, 2000,
 114 Stat. 1419.
Cat Island National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana.--Pub. L. 106-369, Secs.
 1-7, Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1417-1419.
Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge, Montana.--Pub. L. 106-541,
 title VIII, Dec. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 2699.
Clarks River National Wildlife Refuge, Kentucky.--Pub. L. 104-208, div.
 A, title I, Sec.  101(d) [title I], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009-181,
 3009-185.
Columbia National Wildlife Refuge, Washington.--Pub. L. 106-291, title
 I, Sec.  138, Oct. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 949.
Cossatot National Wildlife Refuge, Arkansas.--Pub. L. 104-333, div. I,
 title III, Sec.  305(h), Nov. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 4130.
Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge, California.--
 Pub. L. 92-326, June 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 391; Pub. L. 96-290, Sec.  1,
 June 28, 1980, 94 Stat. 607; Pub. L. 100-556, title II, Oct. 28, 1988,
 102 Stat. 2780; Pub. L. 104-78, Sec.  1, Dec. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 790.
Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge, New Jersey.--Pub. L. 98-293,
 May 22, 1984, 98 Stat. 207.
Egmont Key National Wildlife Refuge, Florida.--Pub. L. 93-341, July 10,
 1974, 88 Stat. 295.
Flattery Rocks National Wildlife Refuge, Washington.--Ex. Ord. No. 703,
 Oct. 23, 1907; Proc. No. 2416, July 25, 1940, 54 Stat. 2717; Pub. L.
 100-226, Sec.  3, Dec. 31, 1987, 101 Stat. 1550.
Grays Harbor National Wildlife Refuge, Washington.--Pub. L. 100-406,
 Aug. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 1041.
Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia and North
 Carolina.--Pub. L. 93-402, Aug. 30, 1974, 88 Stat. 801.
Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge, Oregon.--Pub. L. 105-321, Sec.
 4(a)-(d), Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 3023.
Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge, California.--Pub. L. 96-290, Sec.
  2, June 28, 1980, 94 Stat. 607.
Innoko National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska.--Pub. L. 96-498, title III,
 Sec.  302(3), Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2386.
Izembek National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska.--Pub. L. 96-498, title III,
 Sec.  303(3), Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2390.
John H. Chafee National Wildlife Refuge (former Pettaquamscutt Cove
 National Wildlife Refuge), Rhode Island.--Pub. L. 100-610, title II,
 Nov. 5, 1988, 102 Stat. 3176; Pub. L. 102-212, title II, Sec.  202,
 Dec. 11, 1991, 105 Stat. 1660; Pub. L. 104-212, title II, Oct. 1, 1996,
 110 Stat. 3014; Pub. L. 106-53, title V, Sec.  565(c), Aug. 17, 1999,
 113 Stat. 367.
John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge at Tinicum (former Tinicum National
 Environmental Center), Pennsylvania.--Pub. L. 102-154, title I, Nov.
 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 995; Pub. L. 103-340, Sec.  7, formerly Sec.  6,
 Oct. 6, 1994, 108 Stat. 3120, renumbered Sec.  7, Pub. L. 106-369, Sec.
  9(a), Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1419.
Kanuti National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska.--Pub. L. 96-498, title III,
 Sec.  302(4), Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2386.
Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska.--Pub. L. 96-487, title III, Sec.
  303(4), Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2391; Pub. L. 104-333, div. I, title
 III, Sec.  311(d)(3), Nov. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 4142.
Klamath Marsh National Wildlife Refuge, Oregon.--Act Aug. 13, 1954, ch.
 732, Sec.  28, as added Pub. L. 85-731, Sec.  1, Aug. 23, 1958, 72
 Stat. 816; amended Pub. L. 86-247, Sept. 9, 1959, 73 Stat. 477; Pub. L.
 105-312, title II, Sec.  205, Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 2957; Pub. L.
 105-321, Sec.  4(e), Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 3025.
Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska.--Pub. L. 96-498, title III,
 Sec.  303(5), Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2391.
Koyukuk National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska.--Pub. L. 96-498, title III,
 Sec.  302(5), Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2386.
Mason Neck National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia.--Pub. L. 106-291, title
 I, Sec.  120, Oct. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 944.
McNary National Wildlife Refuge, Washington.--Pub. L. 106-53, title V,
 Sec.  563(l), Aug. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 365.
Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, Midway Islands.--Ex. Ord. No.
 13022, Sec.  3(a), Oct. 31, 1996, 61 F.R. 56875.
Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge, Minnesota.--Pub. L. 94-466,
 Oct. 8, 1976, 90 Stat. 1992.
Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge, Iowa.--Pub. L. 105-83, title III,
 Sec.  341, Nov. 14, 1997, 111 Stat. 1604.
Ninigret National Wildlife Refuge, Rhode Island.--Pub. L. 105-178, title
 I, Sec.  1214(g), (i), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 206, 207; Pub. L. 105-
 206, title IX, Sec.  9006(d), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 849.
North Platte National Wildlife Refuge, Nebraska.--Pub. L. 104-212, title
 I, Sec.  101, Oct. 1, 1996, 110 Stat. 3014.
Nowitna National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska.--Pub. L. 96-498, title III,
 Sec.  302(6), Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2387.
Oahu National Wildlife Refuge Complex, Hawaii.--Pub. L. 104-209, Sec.
 1, Oct. 1, 1996, 110 Stat. 3010.
Oxbow National Wildlife Refuge, Massachusetts.--Pub. L. 103-337, div. B,
 title XXVIII, Sec.  2846, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3071; Pub. L. 104-
 106, div. B, title XXVIII, Sec.  2853, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 567.
Pettaquamscutt Cove National Wildlife Refuge, Rhode Island (see John H.
 Chafee National Wildlife Refuge).
Pocosin Lakes National Wildlife Refuge, North Carolina.--Pub. L. 103-
 232, title III, Apr. 11, 1994, 108 Stat. 339.
Protection Island National Wildlife Refuge, Washington.--Pub. L. 97-333,
 Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1623.
Quillayute Needles National Wildlife Refuge, Washington.--Ex. Ord. No.
 705, Oct. 23, 1907; Proc. No. 2416, July 25, 1940, 54 Stat. 2717; Pub.
 L. 100-226, Sec.  3, Dec. 31, 1987, 101 Stat. 1550.
Red River National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana.--Pub. L. 106-300, Oct.
 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 1055; Pub. L. 106-369, Sec.  9(c), Oct. 27, 2000,
 114 Stat. 1419.
Rhode Island National Wildlife Refuge, Rhode Island.--Pub. L. 105-178,
 title I, Sec.  1214(j), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 207.
Ridgefield National Wildlife Refuge, Washington.--Pub. L. 102-570, Sec.
 1, Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4489.
Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge, Colorado.--Pub. L. 102-
 402, Oct. 9, 1992, 106 Stat. 1961; Pub. L. 105-85, div. B, title
 XXVIII, Sec.  2840, Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 2007.
Sachuest Point National Wildlife Refuge, Rhode Island.--Pub. L. 105-178,
 title I, Sec.  1214(f), (h), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 206, 207.
Sailors' Snug Harbor National Wildlife Refuge, New York.--Pub. L. 96-
 315, Sec.  2, July 25, 1980, 94 Stat. 957.
San Diego National Wildlife Refuge, California.--Pub. L. 106-398, Sec.
 1 [div. B, title XXVIII, Sec.  2848], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654,
 1654A-426.
Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge, California.--Pub. L. 92-408, Aug.
 29, 1972, 86 Stat. 633.
Selawik National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska.--Pub. L. 96-498, title III,
 Sec.  302(7), Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2387.
Silvio Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge, Connecticut,
 Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont.--Pub. L. 102-212, title I,
 Dec. 11, 1991, 105 Stat. 1655.
Sonny Bono Salton Sea National Wildlife Refuge, California.--Pub. L. 105-
 372, title I, Sec.  103, Nov. 12, 1998, 112 Stat. 3380.
Stewart B. McKinney National Wildlife Refuge, Connecticut.--Pub. L. 98-
 548, title II, Oct. 26, 1984, 98 Stat. 2774; Pub. L. 100-38, May 13,
 1987, 101 Stat. 306; Pub. L. 101-443, Sec.  2, Oct. 19, 1990, 104 Stat.
 1028.
Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada.--Pub. L. 101-618, title II,
 Sec.  206(b), Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3309.
Tensas River National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana.--Pub. L. 96-285, June
 28, 1980, 94 Stat. 595; Pub. L. 99-191, Sec.  2, Dec. 19, 1985, 99
 Stat. 1327; Pub. L. 104-253, Sec.  1, Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3167.
Tetlin National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska.--Pub. L. 96-498, title III,
 Sec.  302(8), Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2388.
Togiak National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska.--Pub. L. 96-498, title III,
 Sec.  303(6), Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2392.
Wallkill River National Wildlife Refuge, New Jersey.--Pub. L. 101-593,
 title I, Sec.  107, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2955.
Wertheim National Wildlife Refuge, New York.--Pub. L. 106-113, div. B,
 Sec.  1000(a)(5) [title II, Sec.  222], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536,
 1501A-299.
White River National Wildlife Refuge, Arkansas.--Pub. L. 102-584, Secs.
 1-5, Nov. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 4937-4941.
Wyandotte National Wildlife Refuge, Michigan.--Pub. L. 87-119, Aug. 3,
 1961, 75 Stat. 243.
Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska.--Pub. L. 96-498, title
 III, Sec.  303(7), Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2392.
Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska.--Pub. L. 96-498, title
 III, Sec.  302(9), Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2388.



                   National Wildlife Conservation Area



Falls of the Ohio National Wildlife Conservation Area, Kentucky.--Pub.
 L. 97-137, title II, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1710; Pub. L. 98-613, Sec.
  10(c), (d), Oct. 31, 1984, 98 Stat. 3191; Pub. L. 105-146, Sec.  2,
 Dec. 16, 1997, 111 Stat. 2672.



                     National Environmental Centers



Tinicum National Environmental Center, Pennsylvania.--Pub. L. 92-326,
 June 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 391; renamed John Heinz National Wildlife
 Refuge at Tinicum, Pub. L. 102-154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat.
 995.


   Ex. Ord. No. 12996. Management and General Public Use of National 
                         Wildlife Refuge System

    Ex. Ord. No. 12996, Mar. 25, 1996, 61 F.R. 13647, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
the laws of the United States of America, and in furtherance of the 
purposes of the Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956 (16 U.S.C. 742a [et 
seq.]), the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (16 U.S.C. 661 [et 
seq.]), the National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act (16 
U.S.C. 668dd [, 668ee]), the Refuge Recreation Act (16 U.S.C. 460k [et 
seq.]), the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 [et seq.]), 
the Emergency Wetlands Resources Act (16 U.S.C. 3901 [et seq.]), the 
North American Wetlands Conservation Act (16 U.S.C. 4401 [et seq.]), the 
National Environmental Policy Act (42 U.S.C. 4321 [et seq.]), and other 
pertinent statutes, and in order to conserve fish and wildlife and their 
habitat, it is ordered as follows:
    Section 1. The Mission of the National Wildlife Refuge System. The 
mission of the National Wildlife Refuge System (``Refuge System'') is to 
preserve a national network of lands and waters for the conservation and 
management of fish, wildlife, and plant resources of the United States 
for the benefit of present and future generations.
    Sec. 2. Guiding Principles. To help ensure a bright future for its 
treasured national heritage, I hereby affirm the following four guiding 
principles for the management and general public use of the Refuge 
System:
    (a) Public Use. The Refuge System provides important opportunities 
for compatible wildlife-dependent recreational activities involving 
hunting, fishing, wildlife observation and photography, and 
environmental education and interpretation.
    (b) Habitat. Fish and wildlife will not prosper without high-quality 
habitat, and without fish and wildlife, traditional uses of refuges 
cannot be sustained. The Refuge System will continue to conserve and 
enhance the quality and diversity of fish and wildlife habitat within 
refuges.
    (c) Partnerships. America's sportsmen and women were the first 
partners who insisted on protecting valuable wildlife habitat within 
wildlife refuges. Conservation partnerships with other Federal agencies, 
State agencies, Tribes, organizations, industry, and the general public 
can make significant contributions to the growth and management of the 
Refuge System.
    (d) Public Involvement. The public should be given a full and open 
opportunity to participate in decisions regarding acquisition and 
management of our National Wildlife Refuges.
    Sec. 3. Directives to the Secretary of the Interior. To the extent 
consistent with existing laws and interagency agreements, the Secretary 
of the Interior, in carrying out his trustee and stewardship 
responsibilities for the Refuge System, is directed to:
    (a) recognize compatible wildlife-dependent recreational activities 
involving hunting, fishing, wildlife observation and photography, and 
environmental education and interpretation as priority general public 
uses of the Refuge System through which the American public can develop 
an appreciation for fish and wildlife;
    (b) provide expanded opportunities for these priority public uses 
within the Refuge System when they are compatible and consistent with 
sound principles of fish and wildlife management, and are otherwise in 
the public interest;
    (c) ensure that such priority public uses receive enhanced attention 
in planning and management within the Refuge System;
    (d) provide increased opportunities for families to experience 
wildlife-dependent recreation, particularly opportunities for parents 
and their children to safely engage in traditional outdoor activities, 
such as fishing and hunting;
    (e) ensure that the biological integrity and environmental health of 
the Refuge System is maintained for the benefit of present and future 
generations of Americans;
    (f) continue, consistent with existing laws and interagency 
agreements, authorized or permitted uses of units of the Refuge System 
by other Federal agencies, including those necessary to facilitate 
military preparedness;
    (g) plan and direct the continued growth of the Refuge System in a 
manner that is best designed to accomplish the mission of the Refuge 
System, to contribute to the conservation of the ecosystems of the 
United States, and to increase support for the Refuge System and 
participation from conservation partners and the public;
    (h) ensure timely and effective cooperation and collaboration with 
Federal agencies and State fish and wildlife agencies during the course 
of acquiring and managing National Wildlife Refuges;
    (i) ensure appropriate public involvement opportunities will be 
provided in conjunction with refuge planning and management activities; 
and
    (j) identify, prior to acquisition, existing compatible wildlife-
dependent uses of new refuge lands that shall be permitted to continue 
on an interim basis pending completion of comprehensive planning.
    Sec. 4. Judicial Review. This order does not create any right or 
benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or equity by a 
party against the United States, its agencies, its officers, or any 
person.
                                                     William J. Clinton.

                  Section Referred to in Other Sections

    This section is referred to in sections 410hhh-4, 459j-4, 668ee, 
742f, 3125, 3212, 5207 of this title; title 23 section 204; title 43 
section 1714.
