[CITE: 18USC1956]

 
                 TITLE 18--CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
 
                             PART I--CRIMES
 
                        CHAPTER 95--RACKETEERING
 
Sec. 1956. Laundering of monetary instruments

    (a)(1) Whoever, knowing that the property involved in a financial 
transaction represents the proceeds of some form of unlawful activity, 
conducts or attempts to conduct such a financial transaction which in 
fact involves the proceeds of specified unlawful activity--
        (A)(i) with the intent to promote the carrying on of specified 
    unlawful activity; or
        (ii) with intent to engage in conduct constituting a violation 
    of section 7201 or 7206 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; or
        (B) knowing that the transaction is designed in whole or in 
    part--
            (i) to conceal or disguise the nature, the location, the 
        source, the ownership, or the control of the proceeds of 
        specified unlawful activity; or
            (ii) to avoid a transaction reporting requirement under 
        State or Federal law,

shall be sentenced to a fine of not more than $500,000 or twice the 
value of the property involved in the transaction, whichever is greater, 
or imprisonment for not more than twenty years, or both.
    (2) Whoever transports, transmits, or transfers, or attempts to 
transport, transmit, or transfer a monetary instrument or funds from a 
place in the United States to or through a place outside the United 
States or to a place in the United States from or through a place 
outside the United States--
        (A) with the intent to promote the carrying on of specified 
    unlawful activity; or
        (B) knowing that the monetary instrument or funds involved in 
    the transportation, transmission, or transfer represent the proceeds 
    of some form of unlawful activity and knowing that such 
    transportation, transmission, or transfer is designed in whole or in 
    part--
            (i) to conceal or disguise the nature, the location, the 
        source, the ownership, or the control of the proceeds of 
        specified unlawful activity; or
            (ii) to avoid a transaction reporting requirement under 
        State or Federal law,

shall be sentenced to a fine of not more than $500,000 or twice the 
value of the monetary instrument or funds involved in the 
transportation, transmission, or transfer, whichever is greater, or 
imprisonment for not more than twenty years, or both. For the purpose of 
the offense described in subparagraph (B), the defendant's knowledge may 
be established by proof that a law enforcement officer represented the 
matter specified in subparagraph (B) as true, and the defendant's 
subsequent statements or actions indicate that the defendant believed 
such representations to be true.
    (3) Whoever, with the intent--
        (A) to promote the carrying on of specified unlawful activity;
        (B) to conceal or disguise the nature, location, source, 
    ownership, or control of property believed to be the proceeds of 
    specified unlawful activity; or
        (C) to avoid a transaction reporting requirement under State or 
    Federal law,

conducts or attempts to conduct a financial transaction involving 
property represented to be the proceeds of specified unlawful activity, 
or property used to conduct or facilitate specified unlawful activity, 
shall be fined under this title or imprisoned for not more than 20 
years, or both. For purposes of this paragraph and paragraph (2), the 
term ``represented'' means any representation made by a law enforcement 
officer or by another person at the direction of, or with the approval 
of, a Federal official authorized to investigate or prosecute violations 
of this section.
    (b) Whoever conducts or attempts to conduct a transaction described 
in subsection (a)(1) or (a)(3), or a transportation, transmission, or 
transfer described in subsection (a)(2), is liable to the United States 
for a civil penalty of not more than the greater of--
        (1) the value of the property, funds, or monetary instruments 
    involved in the transaction; or
        (2) $10,000.

    (c) As used in this section--
        (1) the term ``knowing that the property involved in a financial 
    transaction represents the proceeds of some form of unlawful 
    activity'' means that the person knew the property involved in the 
    transaction represented proceeds from some form, though not 
    necessarily which form, of activity that constitutes a felony under 
    State, Federal, or foreign law, regardless of whether or not such 
    activity is specified in paragraph (7);
        (2) the term ``conducts'' includes initiating, concluding, or 
    participating in initiating, or concluding a transaction;
        (3) the term ``transaction'' includes a purchase, sale, loan, 
    pledge, gift, transfer, delivery, or other disposition, and with 
    respect to a financial institution includes a deposit, withdrawal, 
    transfer between accounts, exchange of currency, loan, extension of 
    credit, purchase or sale of any stock, bond, certificate of deposit, 
    or other monetary instrument, use of a safe deposit box, or any 
    other payment, transfer, or delivery by, through, or to a financial 
    institution, by whatever means effected;
        (4) the term ``financial transaction'' means (A) a transaction 
    which in any way or degree affects interstate or foreign commerce 
    (i) involving the movement of funds by wire or other means or (ii) 
    involving one or more monetary instruments, or (iii) involving the 
    transfer of title to any real property, vehicle, vessel, or 
    aircraft, or (B) a transaction involving the use of a financial 
    institution which is engaged in, or the activities of which affect, 
    interstate or foreign commerce in any way or degree;
        (5) the term ``monetary instruments'' means (i) coin or currency 
    of the United States or of any other country, travelers' checks, 
    personal checks, bank checks, and money orders, or (ii) investment 
    securities or negotiable instruments, in bearer form or otherwise in 
    such form that title thereto passes upon delivery;
        (6) the term ``financial institution'' has the definition given 
    that term in section 5312(a)(2) of title 31, United States Code, or 
    the regulations promulgated thereunder;
        (7) the term ``specified unlawful activity'' means--
            (A) any act or activity constituting an offense listed in 
        section 1961(1) of this title except an act which is indictable 
        under subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 31;
            (B) with respect to a financial transaction occurring in 
        whole or in part in the United States, an offense against a 
        foreign nation involving--
                (i) the manufacture, importation, sale, or distribution 
            of a controlled substance (as such term is defined for the 
            purposes of the Controlled Substances Act);
                (ii) murder, kidnapping, robbery, extortion, or 
            destruction of property by means of explosive or fire; \1\
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    \1\ So in original. Probably should be followed by ``or''.
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                (iii) fraud, or any scheme or attempt to defraud, by or 
            against a foreign bank (as defined in paragraph 7 of section 
            1(b) of the International Banking Act of 1978);

            (C) any act or acts constituting a continuing criminal 
        enterprise, as that term is defined in section 408 of the 
        Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 848);
            (D) an offense under section 32 (relating to the destruction 
        of aircraft), section 37 (relating to violence at international 
        airports), section 115 (relating to influencing, impeding, or 
        retaliating against a Federal official by threatening or 
        injuring a family member), section 152 (relating to concealment 
        of assets; false oaths and claims; bribery), section 215 
        (relating to commissions or gifts for procuring loans), section 
        351 (relating to congressional or Cabinet officer 
        assassination), any of sections 500 through 503 (relating to 
        certain counterfeiting offenses), section 513 (relating to 
        securities of States and private entities), section 542 
        (relating to entry of goods by means of false statements), 
        section 545 (relating to smuggling goods into the United 
        States), section 549 (relating to removing goods from Customs 
        custody), section 641 (relating to public money, property, or 
        records), section 656 (relating to theft, embezzlement, or 
        misapplication by bank officer or employee), section 657 
        (relating to lending, credit, and insurance institutions), 
        section 658 (relating to property mortgaged or pledged to farm 
        credit agencies), section 666 (relating to theft or bribery 
        concerning programs receiving Federal funds), section 793, 794, 
        or 798 (relating to espionage), section 831 (relating to 
        prohibited transactions involving nuclear materials), section 
        844(f) or (i) (relating to destruction by explosives or fire of 
        Government property or property affecting interstate or foreign 
        commerce), section 875 (relating to interstate communications), 
        section 956 (relating to conspiracy to kill, kidnap, maim, or 
        injure certain property in a foreign country), section 1005 
        (relating to fraudulent bank entries), 1006 \2\ (relating to 
        fraudulent Federal credit institution entries), 1007 \2\ 
        (relating to Federal Deposit Insurance transactions), 1014 \2\ 
        (relating to fraudulent loan or credit applications), 1032 \2\ 
        (relating to concealment of assets from conservator, receiver, 
        or liquidating agent of financial institution), section 1111 
        (relating to murder), section 1114 (relating to murder of United 
        States law enforcement officials), section 1116 (relating to 
        murder of foreign officials, official guests, or internationally 
        protected persons), section 1201 (relating to kidnaping), 
        section 1203 (relating to hostage taking), section 1361 
        (relating to willful injury of Government property), section 
        1363 (relating to destruction of property within the special 
        maritime and territorial jurisdiction), section 1708 (theft from 
        the mail), section 1751 (relating to Presidential 
        assassination), section 2113 or 2114 (relating to bank and 
        postal robbery and theft), section 2280 (relating to violence 
        against maritime navigation), section 2281 (relating to violence 
        against maritime fixed platforms), section 2319 (relating to 
        copyright infringement), section 2320 (relating to trafficking 
        in counterfeit goods and services),,\3\ section 2332 (relating 
        to terrorist acts abroad against United States nationals), 
        section 2332a (relating to use of weapons of mass destruction), 
        section 2332b (relating to international terrorist acts 
        transcending national boundaries), or section 2339A (relating to 
        providing material support to terrorists) of this title, section 
        46502 of title 49, United States Code,,\3\ a felony violation of 
        the Chemical Diversion and Trafficking Act of 1988 (relating to 
        precursor and essential chemicals), section 590 of the Tariff 
        Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1590) (relating to aviation smuggling), 
        section 422 of the Controlled Substances Act (relating to 
        transportation of drug paraphernalia), section 38(c) (relating 
        to criminal violations) of the Arms Export Control Act, section 
        11 (relating to violations) of the Export Administration Act of 
        1979, section 206 (relating to penalties) of the International 
        Emergency Economic Powers Act, section 16 (relating to offenses 
        and punishment) of the Trading with the Enemy Act, any felony 
        violation of section 15 of the Food Stamp Act of 1977 (relating 
        to food stamp fraud) involving a quantity of coupons having a 
        value of not less than $5,000, any violation of section 
        543(a)(1) of the Housing Act of 1949 (relating to equity 
        skimming), or any felony violation of the Foreign Corrupt 
        Practices Act; or
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    \2\ So in original. Probably should be preceded by ``section''.
    \3\ So in original.
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                          environmental crimes

            (E) a felony violation of the Federal Water Pollution 
        Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), the Ocean Dumping Act (33 
        U.S.C. 1401 et seq.), the Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships 
        (33 U.S.C. 1901 et seq.), the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 
        300f et seq.), or the Resources Conservation and Recovery Act 
        (42 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.).
            (F) Any \4\ act or activity constituting an offense 
        involving a Federal health care offense.
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    \4\ So in original. Probably should not be capitalized.

        (8) the term ``State'' includes a State of the United States, 
    the District of Columbia, and any commonwealth, territory, or 
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    possession of the United States.

    (d) Nothing in this section shall supersede any provision of 
Federal, State, or other law imposing criminal penalties or affording 
civil remedies in addition to those provided for in this section.
    (e) Violations of this section may be investigated by such 
components of the Department of Justice as the Attorney General may 
direct, and by such components of the Department of the Treasury as the 
Secretary of the Treasury may direct, as appropriate and, with respect 
to offenses over which the United States Postal Service has 
jurisdiction, by the Postal Service. Such authority of the Secretary of 
the Treasury and the Postal Service shall be exercised in accordance 
with an agreement which shall be entered into by the Secretary of the 
Treasury, the Postal Service, and the Attorney General. Violations of 
this section involving offenses described in paragraph (c)(7)(E) may be 
investigated by such components of the Department of Justice as the 
Attorney General may direct, and the National Enforcement Investigations 
Center of the Environmental Protection Agency.
    (f) There is extraterritorial jurisdiction over the conduct 
prohibited by this section if--
        (1) the conduct is by a United States citizen or, in the case of 
    a non-United States citizen, the conduct occurs in part in the 
    United States; and
        (2) the transaction or series of related transactions involves 
    funds or monetary instruments of a value exceeding $10,000.

    (g) Notice of Conviction of Financial Institutions.--If any 
financial institution or any officer, director, or employee of any 
financial institution has been found guilty of an offense under this 
section, section 1957 or 1960 of this title, or section 5322 or 5324 of 
title 31, the Attorney General shall provide written notice of such fact 
to the appropriate regulatory agency for the financial institution.
    (h) Any person who conspires to commit any offense defined in this 
section or section 1957 shall be subject to the same penalties as those 
prescribed for the offense the commission of which was the object of the 
conspiracy.

(Added Pub. L. 99-570, title I, Sec. 1352(a), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 
3207-18; amended Pub. L. 100-690, title VI, Secs. 6183, 6465, 6466, 
6469(a)(1), 6471(a), (b), title VII, Sec. 7031, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 
4354, 4375, 4377, 4378, 4398; Pub. L. 101-647, title I, Secs. 105-108, 
title XII, Sec. 1205(j), title XIV, Secs. 1402, 1404, title XXV, 
Sec. 2506, title XXXV, Sec. 3557, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4791, 4792, 
4831, 4835, 4862, 4927; Pub. L. 102-550, title XV, Secs. 1504(c), 1524, 
1526(a), 1527(a), 1530, 1531, 1534, 1536, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4055, 
4064-4067; Pub. L. 103-322, title XXXII, Sec. 320104(b), title XXXIII, 
Secs. 330008(2), 330011(l), 330012, 330019, 330021(1), Sept. 13, 1994, 
108 Stat. 2111, 2142, 2145, 2146, 2149, 2150; Pub. L. 103-325, title IV, 
Secs. 411(c)(2)(E), 413(c)(1), (d), Sept. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 2253-2255; 
Pub. L. 104-132, title VII, Sec. 726, Apr. 24, 1996, 110 Stat. 1301; 
Pub. L. 104-191, title II, Sec. 246, Aug. 21, 1996, 110 Stat. 2018; Pub. 
L. 104-294, title VI, Secs. 601(f)(6), 604(b)(38), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 
Stat. 3499, 3509; Pub. L. 106-569, title VII, Sec. 709(a), Dec. 27, 
2000, 114 Stat. 3018.)

                       References in Text

    Sections 7201 and 7206 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, 
referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(A)(ii), are classified, respectively, to 
sections 7201 and 7206 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.
    The Controlled Substances Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(7)(B)(i), 
(D), is title II of Pub. L. 91-513, Oct. 27, 1970, 84 Stat. 1242, as 
amended, which is classified principally to subchapter I (Sec. 801 et 
seq.) of chapter 13 of Title 21, Food and Drugs. Section 422 of the Act 
is classified to section 863 of Title 21. For complete classification of 
this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 801 of 
Title 21 and Tables.
    Section 1(b) of the International Banking Act of 1978, referred to 
in subsec. (c)(7)(B)(iii), is classified to section 3101 of Title 12, 
Banks and Banking.
    The Chemical Diversion and Trafficking Act of 1988, referred to in 
subsec. (c)(7)(D), is subtitle A (Sec. 6051-6061) of title VI of Pub. L. 
100-690, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4312. For complete classification of 
subtitle A to the Code, see Short Title of 1988 Amendment note set out 
under section 801 of Title 21, Food and Drugs, and Tables.
    Section 38(c) of the Arms Export Control Act, referred to in subsec. 
(c)(7)(D), is classified to section 2778(c) of Title 22, Foreign 
Relations and Intercourse.
    Section 11 of the Export Administration Act of 1979, referred to in 
subsec. (c)(7)(D), is classified to section 2410 of Title 50, Appendix, 
War and National Defense.
    Section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, 
referred to in subsec. (c)(7)(D), is classified to section 1705 of Title 
50.
    Section 16 of the Trading with the Enemy Act, referred to in subsec. 
(c)(7)(D), is classified to section 16 of Title 50, Appendix.
    Section 15 of the Food Stamp Act of 1977, referred to in subsec. 
(c)(7)(D), is classified to section 2024 of Title 7, Agriculture.
    Section 543(a)(1) of the Housing Act of 1949, referred to in subsec. 
(c)(7)(D), is classified to section 1490s(a)(1) of Title 42, The Public 
Health and Welfare.
    The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(7)(D), 
probably means the ``Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, title I of 
Pub. L. 95-213, Dec. 19, 1977, 91 Stat. 1494, as amended, which enacted 
sections 78dd-1 and 78dd-2 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and amended 
sections 78m and 78ff of Title 15. For complete classification of this 
Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1977 Amendment note set out under 
section 78a of Title 15 and Tables.
    The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, referred to in subsec. 
(c)(7)(E), is act June 30, 1948, ch. 758, as amended generally by Pub. 
L. 92-500, Sec. 2, Oct. 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 816, which is classified 
generally to chapter 26 (Sec. 1251 et seq.) of Title 33, Navigation and 
Navigable Waters. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, 
see Short Title note set out under section 1251 of Title 33 and Tables.
    The Ocean Dumping Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(7)(E), probably 
means title I of the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 
1972, Pub. L. 92-532, Oct. 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 1053, as amended, which is 
classified generally to subchapter I (Sec. 1411 et seq.) of chapter 27 
of Title 33. For complete classification of title I to the Code, see 
Tables.
    The Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships, referred to in subsec. 
(c)(7)(E), is Pub. L. 96-478, Oct. 21, 1980, 94 Stat. 2297, as amended, 
which is classified principally to chapter 33 (Sec. 1901 et seq.) of 
Title 33. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short 
Title note set out under section 1901 of Title 33 and Tables.
    The Safe Drinking Water Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(7)(E), is 
title XIV of act July 1, 1944, as added Dec. 16, 1974, Pub. L. 93-523, 
Sec. 2(a), 88 Stat. 1660, as amended, which is classified generally to 
subchapter XII (Sec. 300f et seq.) of chapter 6A of Title 42, The Public 
Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, 
see Short Title note set out under section 201 of Title 42 and Tables.
    The Resources Conservation and Recovery Act, referred to in subsec. 
(c)(7)(E), probably means the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 
1976, Pub. L. 94-580, Oct. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2796, as amended, which is 
classified generally to chapter 82 (Sec. 6901 et seq.) of Title 42. For 
complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1976 
Amendment note set out under section 6901 of Title 42 and Tables.


                               Amendments

    2000--Subsec. (c)(7)(D). Pub. L. 106-569 inserted ``any violation of 
section 543(a)(1) of the Housing Act of 1949 (relating to equity 
skimming),'' after ``coupons having a value of not less than $5,000,''.
    1996--Subsec. (c)(7)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 104-132, Sec. 726(1), amended 
cl. (ii) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (ii) read as follows: 
``kidnapping, robbery, or extortion; or''.
    Subsec. (c)(7)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 104-294, Sec. 601(f)(6), struck out 
one closing parenthesis after ``1978''.
    Subsec. (c)(7)(D). Pub. L. 104-294, Sec. 604(b)(38), amended 
directory language of Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 320104(b). See 1994 
Amendment note below.
    Pub. L. 104-132, Sec. 726(2)(A), (B), (D), (F), (H)-(J), inserted 
``section 32 (relating to the destruction of aircraft), section 37 
(relating to violence at international airports), section 115 (relating 
to influencing, impeding, or retaliating against a Federal official by 
threatening or injuring a family member),'' after ``an offense under'', 
``section 351 (relating to congressional or Cabinet officer 
assassination),'' after ``section 215 (relating to commissions or gifts 
for procuring loans),'', ``section 956 (relating to conspiracy to kill, 
kidnap, maim, or injure certain property in a foreign country),'' after 
``section 875 (relating to interstate communications),'', ``section 1361 
(relating to willful injury of Government property), section 1363 
(relating to destruction of property within the special maritime and 
territorial jurisdiction),'' after ``section 1203 (relating to hostage 
taking),'', ``section 2280 (relating to violence against maritime 
navigation), section 2281 (relating to violence against maritime fixed 
platforms),'' after ``2114 (relating to bank and postal robbery and 
theft),'', and substituted ``section 2320'' for ``or section 2320'' and 
``, section 2332 (relating to terrorist acts abroad against United 
States nationals), section 2332a (relating to use of weapons of mass 
destruction), section 2332b (relating to international terrorist acts 
transcending national boundaries), or section 2339A (relating to 
providing material support to terrorists) of this title, section 46502 
of title 49, United States Code,'' for ``of this title''.
    Pub. L. 104-132, Sec. 726(2)(C), (E), (G), which directed insertion 
of ``section 831 (relating to prohibited transactions involving nuclear 
materials), section 844(f) or (i) (relating to destruction by explosives 
or fire of Government property or property affecting interstate or 
foreign commerce),'' after ``section 798 (relating to espionage),'', 
``section 1111 (relating to murder), section 1114 (relating to murder of 
United States law enforcement officials), section 1116 (relating to 
murder of foreign officials, official guests, or internationally 
protected persons),'' after ``section 1032 (relating to concealment of 
assets from conservator, receiver, or liquidating agent of financial 
institution),'', and ``section 1751 (relating to Presidential 
assassination),'' after ``section 1708 (relating to theft from the 
mail),'', were executed by making the insertions, respectively, after 
text which read ``798 (relating to espionage),'', text which read ``1032 
(relating to concealment of assets from conservator, receiver, or 
liquidating agent of financial institution),'', and text which read 
``section 1708 (theft from the mail),'', to reflect the probable intent 
of Congress.
    Subsec. (c)(7)(F). Pub. L. 104-191 added subpar. (F).
    1994--Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 103-325, Sec. 413(c)(1)(A)(ii), 
substituted ``transfer'' for ``transfer.'' in concluding provisions and 
two times in subpar. (B).
    Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330019(a)(3), and Pub. L. 103-325, 
Sec. 413(c)(1)(A)(i), amended par. (2) identically, inserting ``not more 
than'' before ``$500,000'' in concluding provisions.
    Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103-325, Sec. 413(c)(1)(B), inserted ``or 
(a)(3)'' after ``(a)(1)'' and substituted ``transfer'' for ``transfer.''
    Subsec. (c)(7)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330021(1), substituted 
``kidnapping'' for ``kidnaping''.
    Subsec. (c)(7)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330019(a)(1), and Pub. 
L. 103-325, Sec. 413(c)(1)(C), each amended cl. (iii) by inserting a 
closing parenthesis after ``1978''.
    Subsec. (c)(7)(D). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330019(b), and Pub. L. 103-
325, Sec. 413(c)(1)(D), amended subpar. (D) identically, substituting 
``section 15 of the Food Stamp Act of 1977'' for ``section 9(c) of the 
Food Stamp Act of 1977''.
    Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330011(l), and Pub. L. 103-325, Sec. 413(d), 
made identical amendments repealing Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 3557(2)(E). 
See 1990 Amendment note below.
    Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 320104(b), as amended by Pub. L. 104-294, 
Sec. 604(b)(38), substituted ``section 2319 (relating to copyright 
infringement), or section 2320 (relating to trafficking in counterfeit 
goods and services),'' for ``or section 2319 (relating to copyright 
infringement)''.
    Subsec. (c)(7)(E). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330012, and Pub. L. 103-
325, Sec. 413(c)(1)(E), amended subpar. (E) identically, striking out 
second period at end.
    Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330008(2), and Pub. L. 103-325, 
Sec. 413(c)(1)(F), amended subsec. (e) identically, substituting 
``Environmental Protection Agency'' for ``Evironmental Protection 
Agency''.
    Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 103-325, Sec. 411(c)(2)(E), in subsec. (g) 
relating to notice of conviction of financial institutions, substituted 
``section 5322 or 5324 of title 31'' for ``section 5322 of title 31''.
    Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330019(a)(2), and Pub. L. 103-325, 
Sec. 413(c)(1)(G), made identical amendments redesignating subsec. (g) 
relating to penalty for money laundering conspiracies as (h).
    Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330019(a)(2), and Pub. L. 103-
325, Sec. 413(c)(1)(G), made identical amendments redesignating subsec. 
(g) relating to penalty for money laundering conspiracies as (h).
    1992--Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 102-550, Sec. 1531(a), substituted 
``transportation, transmission, or transfer.'' for ``transportation'' 
wherever appearing in subpar. (B) and concluding provisions.
    Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 102-550, Sec. 1531(b), in concluding 
provisions, substituted ``property represented to be the proceeds'' for 
``property represented by a law enforcement officer to be the 
proceeds''.
    Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102-550, Sec. 1531(a), substituted 
``transportation, transmission, or transfer.'' for ``transportation'' in 
introductory provisions.
    Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 102-550, Sec. 1527(a)(2), inserted ``use of 
a safe deposit box,'' before ``or any other payment''.
    Subsec. (c)(4)(A). Pub. L. 102-550, Sec. 1527(a)(1), added clause 
(iii), struck out ``which in any way or degree affects interstate or 
foreign commerce,'' after ``or aircraft,'' and inserted ``which in any 
way or degree affects interstate or foreign commerce'' after ``(A) or 
transaction''.
    Subsec. (c)(6). Pub. L. 102-550, Sec. 1526(a), substituted ``or the 
regulations'' for ``and the regulations''.
    Subsec. (c)(7)(B). Pub. L. 102-550, Sec. 1536, designated part of 
existing provisions as cl. (i) and added cls. (ii) and (iii).
    Subsec. (c)(7)(D). Pub. L. 102-550, Secs. 1524, 1534(1), (2), struck 
out ``1341 (relating to mail fraud) or section 1343 (relating to wire 
fraud) affecting a financial institution, section 1344 (relating to bank 
fraud),'' after ``hostage taking),'', inserted ``section 1708 (theft 
from the mail),'' before ``section 2113'', substituted ``section 422 of 
the Controlled Substances Act'' for ``section 1822 of the Mail Order 
Drug Paraphernalia Control Act (100 Stat. 3207-51; 21 U.S.C. 857)'', and 
struck out ``or'' before ``section 16''.
    Pub. L. 102-550, Sec. 1534(3), which directed insertion of ``, any 
felony violation of section 9(c) of the Food Stamp Act of 1977 (relating 
to food stamp fraud) involving a quantity of coupons having a value of 
not less than $5,000, or any felony violation of the Foreign Corrupt 
Practices Act'' before semicolon, was executed by making insertion 
before semicolon at end to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
    Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 102-550, Sec. 1530, added subsec. (g) relating 
to penalty for money laundering conspiracies.
    Pub. L. 102-550, Sec. 1504(c), added subsec. (g) relating to notice 
of conviction of financial institutions.
    1990--Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 108(1), inserted at end 
``For the purpose of the offense described in subparagraph (B), the 
defendant's knowledge may be established by proof that a law enforcement 
officer represented the matter specified in subparagraph (B) as true, 
and the defendant's subsequent statements or actions indicate that the 
defendant believed such representations to be true.''
    Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 108(2), inserted ``and 
paragraph (2)'' after ``this paragraph'' in last sentence.
    Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 106, substituted ``State, 
Federal, or foreign'' for ``State or Federal''.
    Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 1402, inserted ``(A)'' before 
``a transaction'' the first place it appears, ``(B)'' before ``a 
transaction'' the second place it appears, ``(i)'' before ``involving'' 
the first place it appears, and ``(ii)'' before ``involving'' the second 
place it appears.
    Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 105, amended par. (5) 
generally. Prior to amendment, par. (5) read as follows: ``the term 
`monetary instruments' means coin or currency of the United States or of 
any other country, travelers'' checks, personal checks, bank checks, 
money orders, investment securities in bearer form or otherwise in such 
form that title thereto passes upon delivery, and negotiable instruments 
in bearer form or otherwise in such form that title thereto passes upon 
delivery;''.
    Subsec. (c)(7)(A). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 3557(1), substituted 
``subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 31'' for ``the Currency and 
Foreign Transactions Reporting Act''.
    Subsec. (c)(7)(C). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 1404(a)(1), struck out 
``or'' at end.
    Subsec. (c)(7)(D). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 3557(2)(A)-(D), substituted 
``section 2113'' for ``or section 2113'', substituted ``theft), or'' for 
``theft) of this title,'', inserted ``of this title'' after ``2319 
(relating to copyright infringement)'', and substituted 
``paraphernalia'' for ``paraphenalia''.
    Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 3557(2)(E), which directed the amendment of 
subpar. (D) by striking the final period, was repealed by Pub. L. 103-
322, Sec. 330011(l), and Pub. L. 103-325, Sec. 413(d).
    Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 2506(2), inserted ``section 1341 (relating to 
mail fraud) or section 1343 (relating to wire fraud) affecting a 
financial institution,'' after ``section 1203 (relating to hostage 
taking),''.
    Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 2506(1), inserted ``section 1005 (relating to 
fraudulent bank entries), 1006 (relating to fraudulent Federal credit 
institution entries), 1007 (relating to Federal Deposit Insurance 
transactions), 1014 (relating to fraudulent loan or credit 
applications), 1032 (relating to concealment of assets from conservator, 
receiver, or liquidating agent of financial institution),'' after 
``section 875 (relating to interstate communications),''.
    Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 1404(a)(2), inserted ``; or'' after ``Trading 
with the Enemy Act'' at end.
    Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 107, substituted ``a felony violation of the 
Chemical Diversion and Trafficking Act of 1988'' for ``section 310 of 
the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 830)''.
    Subsec. (c)(7)(E). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 1404(a)(2), amended par. 
(7) by inserting ``; or'' and subpar. (E) before the period.
    Subsec. (c)(8). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 1205(j), added par. (8).
    Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 1404(b), inserted at end 
``Violations of this section involving offenses described in paragraph 
(c)(7)(E) may be investigated by such components of the Department of 
Justice as the Attorney General may direct, and the National Enforcement 
Investigations Center of the Evironmental [sic] Protection Agency.''
    1988--Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 6471(a), amended 
subpar. (A) generally, designating existing provisions as cl. (i) and 
adding cl. (ii).
    Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 6471(b), substituted 
``transports, transmits, or transfers, or attempts to transport, 
transmit, or transfer'' for ``transports or attempts to transport'' in 
introductory provisions.
    Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 6465, added par. (3).
    Subsec. (c)(7)(D). Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 7031, substituted ``section 
513'' for ``section 511'' and ``section 545'' for ``section 543'' and 
inserted ``section 657 (relating to lending, credit, and insurance 
institutions), section 658 (relating to property mortgaged or pledged to 
farm credit agencies),''.
    Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 6466, inserted ``section 542 (relating to 
entry of goods by means of false statements),'', ``section 549 (relating 
to removing goods from Customs custody),'', and ``section 2319 (relating 
to copyright infringement), section 310 of the Controlled Substances Act 
(21 U.S.C. 830) (relating to precursor and essential chemicals), section 
590 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1590) (relating to aviation 
smuggling), section 1822 of the Mail Order Drug Paraphernalia Control 
Act (100 Stat. 3207-51; 21 U.S.C. 857) (relating to transportation of 
drug paraphenalia [sic]),''.
    Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 6183, substituted ``section 38(c) (relating to 
criminal violations) of the Arms Export Control Act, section 11 
(relating to violations) of the Export Administration Act of 1979, 
section 206 (relating to penalties) of the International Emergency 
Economic Powers Act, or section 16 (relating to offenses and punishment) 
of the Trading with the Enemy Act.'' for ``section 38 of the Arms Export 
Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778), section 2 (relating to criminal penalties) 
of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2401), section 
203 (relating to criminal sanctions) of the International Emergency 
Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702), or section 3 (relating to criminal 
violations) of the Trading with the Enemy Act (50 U.S.C. App. 3)''.
    Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 6469(a)(1), substituted ``and, 
with respect to offenses over which the United States Postal Service has 
jurisdiction, by the Postal Service. Such authority of the Secretary of 
the Treasury and the Postal Service shall be exercised in accordance 
with an agreement which shall be entered into by the Secretary of the 
Treasury, the Postal Service, and the Attorney General.'' for ``. Such 
authority of the Secretary of the Treasury shall be exercised in 
accordance with an agreement which shall be entered into by the 
Secretary of the Treasury and the Attorney General.''


                    Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

    Amendment by section 604(b)(38) of Pub. L. 104-294 effective Sept. 
13, 1994, see section 604(d) of Pub. L. 104-294, set out as a note under 
section 13 of this title.


                    Effective Date of 1994 Amendments

    Section 330011(l) of Pub. L. 103-322 and section 413(d) of Pub. L. 
103-325 provided that the repeal of section 3557(2)(E) of Pub. L. 101-
647 made by those sections is effective as of the date of enactment of 
Pub. L. 101-647, which was approved Nov. 29, 1990.

                  Section Referred to in Other Sections

    This section is referred to in sections 981, 982, 986, 1510, 1952, 
1957, 1961, 2332d, 2516 of this title; title 8 section 1101; title 12 
sections 93, 1464, 1772d, 1785, 1786, 1818, 1821, 1829, 3105, 3413, 
3420; title 22 section 2714; title 26 section 6050I; title 28 sections 
524, 2467; title 31 sections 5328, 9703.
