                 TITLE 18--CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
 
                       PART II--CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
 
                         CHAPTER 227--SENTENCES
 
                         SUBCHAPTER B--PROBATION
 
Sec. 3564. Running of a term of probation

    (a) Commencement.--A term of probation commences on the day that the 
sentence of probation is imposed, unless otherwise ordered by the court.
    (b) Concurrence With Other Sentences.--Multiple terms of probation, 
whether imposed at the same time or at different times, run concurrently 
with each other. A term of probation runs concurrently with any Federal, 
State, or local term of probation, supervised release, or parole for 
another offense to which the defendant is subject or becomes subject 
during the term of probation. A term of probation does not run while the 
defendant is imprisoned in connection with a conviction for a Federal, 
State, or local crime unless the imprisonment is for a period of less 
than thirty consecutive days.
    (c) Early Termination.--The court, after considering the factors set 
forth in section 3553(a) to the extent that they are applicable, may, 
pursuant to the provisions of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure 
relating to the modification of probation, terminate a term of probation 
previously ordered and discharge the defendant at any time in the case 
of a misdemeanor or an infraction or at any time after the expiration of 
one year of probation in the case of a felony, if it is satisfied that 
such action is warranted by the conduct of the defendant and the 
interest of justice.
    (d) Extension.--The court may, after a hearing, extend a term of 
probation, if less than the maximum authorized term was previously 
imposed, at any time prior to the expiration or termination of the term 
of probation, pursuant to the provisions applicable to the initial 
setting of the term of probation.
    (e) Subject to Revocation.--A sentence of probation remains 
conditional and subject to revocation until its expiration or 
termination.

(Added Pub. L. 98-473, title II, Sec. 212(a)(2), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 
1994; amended Pub. L. 99-646, Sec. 13(a), Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3594; 
Pub. L. 100-182, Sec. 11, Dec. 7, 1987, 101 Stat. 1268.)

                       References in Text

    The Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, referred to in subsec. (c), 
are set out in the Appendix to this title.


                            Prior Provisions

    For a prior section 3564, applicable to offenses committed prior to 
Nov. 1, 1987, see note set out preceding section 3551 of this title.


                               Amendments

    1987--Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100-182 inserted ``, pursuant to the 
provisions of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure relating to the 
modification of probation,'' after ``may''.
    1986--Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99-646 substituted provision that the 
term of probation does not run while the defendant is imprisoned in 
connection with a conviction for a Federal, State, or local crime unless 
the imprisonment is for a period of less than thirty consecutive days, 
for provision that the term of probation does not run during any period 
in which the defendant is imprisoned for a period of at least thirty 
consecutive days in connection with a conviction for a Federal, State, 
or local crime.


                    Effective Date of 1987 Amendment

    Amendment by Pub. L. 100-182 applicable with respect to offenses 
committed after Dec. 7, 1987, see section 26 of Pub. L. 100-182, set out 
as a note under section 3006A of this title.


                    Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

    Section 13(b) of Pub. L. 99-646 provided that: ``The amendments made 
by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of 
the taking effect of such section 3564 [Nov. 1, 1987].''


                             Effective Date

    Section effective Nov. 1, 1987, and applicable only to offenses 
committed after the taking effect of this section, see section 235(a)(1) 
of Pub. L. 98-473, set out as a note under section 3551 of this title.

                  Section Referred to in Other Sections

    This section is referred to in sections 3562, 5037 of this title; 
title 28 section 994.
