                          TITLE 2--THE CONGRESS
 
                 CHAPTER 14--FEDERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNS
 
           SUBCHAPTER I--DISCLOSURE OF FEDERAL CAMPAIGN FUNDS
 
Sec. 431. Definitions

    When used in this Act:
    (1) The term ``election'' means--
        (A) a general, special, primary, or runoff election;
        (B) a convention or caucus of a political party which has 
    authority to nominate a candidate;
        (C) a primary election held for the selection of delegates to a 
    national nominating convention of a political party; and
        (D) a primary election held for the expression of a preference 
    for the nomination of individuals for election to the office of 
    President.

    (2) The term ``candidate'' means an individual who seeks nomination 
for election, or election, to Federal office, and for purposes of this 
paragraph, an individual shall be deemed to seek nomination for 
election, or election--
        (A) if such individual has received contributions aggregating in 
    excess of $5,000 or has made expenditures aggregating in excess of 
    $5,000; or
        (B) if such individual has given his or her consent to another 
    person to receive contributions or make expenditures on behalf of 
    such individual and if such person has received such contributions 
    aggregating in excess of $5,000 or has made such expenditures 
    aggregating in excess of $5,000.

    (3) The term ``Federal office'' means the office of President or 
Vice President, or of Senator or Representative in, or Delegate or 
Resident Commissioner to, the Congress.
    (4) The term ``political committee'' means--
        (A) any committee, club, association, or other group of persons 
    which receives contributions aggregating in excess of $1,000 during 
    a calendar year or which makes expenditures aggregating in excess of 
    $1,000 during a calendar year; or
        (B) any separate segregated fund established under the 
    provisions of section 441b(b) of this title; or
        (C) any local committee of a political party which receives 
    contributions aggregating in excess of $5,000 during a calendar 
    year, or makes payments exempted from the definition of contribution 
    or expenditure as defined in paragraphs (8) and (9) aggregating in 
    excess of $5,000 during a calendar year, or makes contributions 
    aggregating in excess of $1,000 during a calendar year or makes 
    expenditures aggregating in excess of $1,000 during a calendar year.

    (5) The term ``principal campaign committee'' means a political 
committee designated and authorized by a candidate under section 
432(e)(1) of this title.
    (6) The term ``authorized committee'' means the principal campaign 
committee or any other political committee authorized by a candidate 
under section 432(e)(1) of this title to receive contributions or make 
expenditures on behalf of such candidate.
    (7) The term ``connected organization'' means any organization which 
is not a political committee but which directly or indirectly 
establishes, administers or financially supports a political committee.
    (8)(A) The term ``contribution'' includes--
        (i) any gift, subscription, loan, advance, or deposit of money 
    or anything of value made by any person for the purpose of 
    influencing any election for Federal office; or
        (ii) the payment by any person of compensation for the personal 
    services of another person which are rendered to a political 
    committee without charge for any purpose.

    (B) The term ``contribution'' does not include--
        (i) the value of services provided without compensation by any 
    individual who volunteers on behalf of a candidate or political 
    committee;
        (ii) the use of real or personal property, including a church or 
    community room used on a regular basis by members of a community for 
    noncommercial purposes, and the cost of invitations, food, and 
    beverages, voluntarily provided by an individual to any candidate or 
    any political committee of a political party in rendering voluntary 
    personal services on the individual's residential premises or in the 
    church or community room for candidate-related or political party-
    related activities, to the extent that the cumulative value of such 
    invitations, food, and beverages provided by such individual on 
    behalf of any single candidate does not exceed $1,000 with respect 
    to any single election, and on behalf of all political committees of 
    a political party does not exceed $2,000 in any calendar year;
        (iii) the sale of any food or beverage by a vendor for use in 
    any candidate's campaign or for use by or on behalf of any political 
    committee of a political party at a charge less than the normal 
    comparable charge, if such charge is at least equal to the cost of 
    such food or beverage to the vendor, to the extent that the 
    cumulative value of such activity by such vendor on behalf of any 
    single candidate does not exceed $1,000 with respect to any single 
    election, and on behalf of all political committees of a political 
    party does not exceed $2,000 in any calendar year;
        (iv) any unreimbursed payment for travel expenses made by any 
    individual on behalf of any candidate or any political committee of 
    a political party, to the extent that the cumulative value of such 
    activity by such individual on behalf of any single candidate does 
    not exceed $1,000 with respect to any single election, and on behalf 
    of all political committees of a political party does not exceed 
    $2,000 in any calendar year;
        (v) the payment by a State or local committee of a political 
    party of the costs of preparation, display, or mailing or other 
    distribution incurred by such committee with respect to a printed 
    slate card or sample ballot, or other printed listing, of 3 or more 
    candidates for any public office for which an election is held in 
    the State in which such committee is organized, except that this 
    clause shall not apply to any cost incurred by such committee with 
    respect to a display of any such listing made on broadcasting 
    stations, or in newspapers, magazines, or similar types of general 
    public political advertising;
        (vi) any payment made or obligation incurred by a corporation or 
    a labor organization which, under section 441b(b) of this title, 
    would not constitute an expenditure by such corporation or labor 
    organization;
        (vii) any loan of money by a State bank, a federally chartered 
    depository institution, or a depository institution the deposits or 
    accounts of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance 
    Corporation, Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation, or the 
    National Credit Union Administration, other than any overdraft made 
    with respect to a checking or savings account, made in accordance 
    with applicable law and in the ordinary course of business, but such 
    loan--
            (I) shall be considered a loan by each endorser or 
        guarantor, in that proportion of the unpaid balance that each 
        endorser or guarantor bears to the total number of endorsers or 
        guarantors;
            (II) shall be made on a basis which assures repayment, 
        evidenced by a written instrument, and subject to a due date or 
        amortization schedule; and
            (III) shall bear the usual and customary interest rate of 
        the lending institution;

        (viii) any gift, subscription, loan, advance, or deposit of 
    money or anything of value to a national or a State committee of a 
    political party specifically designated to defray any cost for 
    construction or purchase of any office facility not acquired for the 
    purpose of influencing the election of any candidate in any 
    particular election for Federal office;
        (ix) any legal or accounting services rendered to or on behalf 
    of--
            (I) any political committee of a political party if the 
        person paying for such services is the regular employer of the 
        person rendering such services and if such services are not 
        attributable to activities which directly further the election 
        of any designated candidate to Federal office; or
            (II) an authorized committee of a candidate or any other 
        political committee, if the person paying for such services is 
        the regular employer of the individual rendering such services 
        and if such services are solely for the purpose of ensuring 
        compliance with this Act or chapter 95 or chapter 96 of title 
        26,

    but amounts paid or incurred by the regular employer for such legal 
    or accounting services shall be reported in accordance with section 
    434(b) of this title by the committee receiving such services;
        (x) the payment by a State or local committee of a political 
    party of the costs of campaign materials (such as pins, bumper 
    stickers, handbills, brochures, posters, party tabloids, and yard 
    signs) used by such committee in connection with volunteer 
    activities on behalf of nominees of such party: Provided, That--
            (1) such payments are not for the costs of campaign 
        materials or activities used in connection with any 
        broadcasting, newspaper, magazine, billboard, direct mail, or 
        similar type of general public communication or political 
        advertising;
            (2) such payments are made from contributions subject to the 
        limitations and prohibitions of this Act; and
            (3) such payments are not made from contributions designated 
        to be spent on behalf of a particular candidate or particular 
        candidates;

        (xi) the payment by a candidate, for nomination or election to 
    any public office (including State or local office), or authorized 
    committee of a candidate, of the costs of campaign materials which 
    include information on or referenced to any other candidate and 
    which are used in connection with volunteer activities (including 
    pins, bumper stickers, handbills, brochures, posters, and yard 
    signs, but not including the use of broadcasting, newspapers, 
    magazines, billboards, direct mail, or similar types of general 
    public communication or political advertising): Provided, That such 
    payments are made from contributions subject to the limitations and 
    prohibitions of this Act;
        (xii) the payment by a State or local committee of a political 
    party of the costs of voter registration and get-out-the-vote 
    activities conducted by such committee on behalf of nominees of such 
    party for President and Vice President: Provided, That--
            (1) such payments are not for the costs of campaign 
        materials or activities used in connection with any 
        broadcasting, newspaper, magazine, billboard, direct mail, or 
        similar type of general public communication or political 
        advertising;
            (2) such payments are made from contributions subject to the 
        limitations and prohibitions of this Act; and
            (3) such payments are not made from contributions designated 
        to be spent on behalf of a particular candidate or candidates;

        (xiii) payments made by a candidate or the authorized committee 
    of a candidate as a condition of ballot access and payments received 
    by any political party committee as a condition of ballot access;
        (xiv) any honorarium (within the meaning of section 441i of this 
    title); and
        (xv) any loan of money derived from an advance on a candidate's 
    brokerage account, credit card, home equity line of credit, or other 
    line of credit available to the candidate, if such loan is made in 
    accordance with applicable law and under commercially reasonable 
    terms and if the person making such loan makes loans derived from an 
    advance on the candidate's brokerage account, credit card, home 
    equity line of credit, or other line of credit in the normal course 
    of the person's business.

    (9)(A) The term ``expenditure'' includes--
        (i) any purchase, payment, distribution, loan, advance, deposit, 
    or gift of money or anything of value, made by any person for the 
    purpose of influencing any election for Federal office; and
        (ii) a written contract, promise, or agreement to make an 
    expenditure.

    (B) The term ``expenditure'' does not include--
        (i) any news story, commentary, or editorial distributed through 
    the facilities of any broadcasting station, newspaper, magazine, or 
    other periodical publication, unless such facilities are owned or 
    controlled by any political party, political committee, or 
    candidate;
        (ii) nonpartisan activity designed to encourage individuals to 
    vote or to register to vote;
        (iii) any communication by any membership organization or 
    corporation to its members, stockholders, or executive or 
    administrative personnel, if such membership organization or 
    corporation is not organized primarily for the purpose of 
    influencing the nomination for election, or election, of any 
    individual to Federal office, except that the costs incurred by a 
    membership organization (including a labor organization) or by a 
    corporation directly attributable to a communication expressly 
    advocating the election or defeat of a clearly identified candidate 
    (other than a communication primarily devoted to subjects other than 
    the express advocacy of the election or defeat of a clearly 
    identified candidate), shall, if such costs exceed $2,000 for any 
    election, be reported to the Commission in accordance with section 
    434(a)(4)(A)(i) of this title, and in accordance with section 
    434(a)(4)(A)(ii) of this title with respect to any general election;
        (iv) the payment by a State or local committee of a political 
    party of the costs of preparation, display, or mailing or other 
    distribution incurred by such committee with respect to a printed 
    slate card or sample ballot, or other printed listing, of 3 or more 
    candidates for any public office for which an election is held in 
    the State in which such committee is organized, except that this 
    clause shall not apply to costs incurred by such committee with 
    respect to a display of any such listing made on broadcasting 
    stations, or in newspapers, magazines, or similar types of general 
    public political advertising;
        (v) any payment made or obligation incurred by a corporation or 
    a labor organization which, under section 441b(b) of this title, 
    would not constitute an expenditure by such corporation or labor 
    organization;
        (vi) any costs incurred by an authorized committee or candidate 
    in connection with the solicitation of contributions on behalf of 
    such candidate, except that this clause shall not apply with respect 
    to costs incurred by an authorized committee of a candidate in 
    excess of an amount equal to 20 percent of the expenditure 
    limitation applicable to such candidate under section 441a(b) of 
    this title, but all such costs shall be reported in accordance with 
    section 434(b) of this title;
        (vii) the payment of compensation for legal or accounting 
    services--
            (I) rendered to or on behalf of any political committee of a 
        political party if the person paying for such services is the 
        regular employer of the individual rendering such services, and 
        if such services are not attributable to activities which 
        directly further the election of any designated candidate to 
        Federal office; or
            (II) rendered to or on behalf of a candidate or political 
        committee if the person paying for such services is the regular 
        employer of the individual rendering such services, and if such 
        services are solely for the purpose of ensuring compliance with 
        this Act or chapter 95 or chapter 96 of title 26,

    but amounts paid or incurred by the regular employer for such legal 
    or accounting services shall be reported in accordance with section 
    434(b) of this title by the committee receiving such services;
        (viii) the payment by a State or local committee of a political 
    party of the costs of campaign materials (such as pins, bumper 
    stickers, handbills, brochures, posters, party tabloids, and yard 
    signs) used by such committee in connection with volunteer 
    activities on behalf of nominees of such party: Provided, That--
            (1) such payments are not for the costs of campaign 
        materials or activities used in connection with any 
        broadcasting, newspaper, magazine, billboard, direct mail, or 
        similar type of general public communication or political 
        advertising;
            (2) such payments are made from contributions subject to the 
        limitations and prohibitions of this Act; and
            (3) such payments are not made from contributions designated 
        to be spent on behalf of a particular candidate or particular 
        candidates;

        (ix) the payment by a State or local committee of a political 
    party of the costs of voter registration and get-out-the-vote 
    activities conducted by such committee on behalf of nominees of such 
    party for President and Vice President: Provided, That--
            (1) such payments are not for the costs of campaign 
        materials or activities used in connection with any 
        broadcasting, newspaper, magazine, billboard, direct mail, or 
        similar type of general public communication or political 
        advertising;
            (2) such payments are made from contributions subject to the 
        limitations and prohibitions of this Act; and
            (3) such payments are not made from contributions designated 
        to be spent on behalf of a particular candidate or candidates; 
        and

        (x) payments received by a political party committee as a 
    condition of ballot access which are transferred to another 
    political party committee or the appropriate State official.

    (10) The term ``Commission'' means the Federal Election Commission.
    (11) The term ``person'' includes an individual, partnership, 
committee, association, corporation, labor organization, or any other 
organization or group of persons, but such term does not include the 
Federal Government or any authority of the Federal Government.
    (12) The term ``State'' means a State of the United States, the 
District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or a territory or 
possession of the United States.
    (13) The term ``identification'' means--
        (A) in the case of any individual, the name, the mailing 
    address, and the occupation of such individual, as well as the name 
    of his or her employer; and
        (B) in the case of any other person, the full name and address 
    of such person.

    (14) The term ``national committee'' means the organization which, 
by virtue of the bylaws of a political party, is responsible for the 
day-to-day operation of such political party at the national level, as 
determined by the Commission.
    (15) The term ``State committee'' means the organization which, by 
virtue of the bylaws of a political party, is responsible for the day-
to-day operation of such political party at the State level, as 
determined by the Commission.
    (16) The term ``political party'' means an association, committee, 
or organization which nominates a candidate for election to any Federal 
office whose name appears on the election ballot as the candidate of 
such association, committee, or organization.
    (17) The term ``independent expenditure'' means an expenditure by a 
person expressly advocating the election or defeat of a clearly 
identified candidate which is made without cooperation or consultation 
with any candidate, or any authorized committee or agent of such 
candidate, and which is not made in concert with, or at the request or 
suggestion of, any candidate, or any authorized committee or agent of 
such candidate.
    (18) The term ``clearly identified'' means that--
        (A) the name of the candidate involved appears;
        (B) a photograph or drawing of the candidate appears; or
        (C) the identity of the candidate is apparent by unambiguous 
    reference.

    (19) The term ``Act'' means the Federal Election Campaign Act of 
1971 as amended.

(Pub. L. 92-225, title III, Sec. 301, Feb. 7, 1972, 86 Stat. 11; Pub. L. 
93-443, title II, Secs. 201(a), 208(c)(1), Oct. 15, 1974, 88 Stat. 1272, 
1286; Pub. L. 94-283, title I, Secs. 102, 115(d), (h), May 11, 1976, 90 
Stat. 478, 495, 496; Pub. L. 96-187, title I, Sec. 101, Jan. 8, 1980, 93 
Stat. 1339; Pub. L. 99-514, Sec. 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095; Pub. 
L. 106-346, Sec. 101(a) [title V, Sec. 502(b)], Oct. 23, 2000, 114 Stat. 
1356, 1356A-49.)

                       References in Text

    The Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, as amended, referred to 
in par. (19), is Pub. L. 92-225, Feb. 7, 1972, 86 Stat. 3, as amended, 
which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete 
classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title notes set out 
below and Tables.


                               Amendments

    2000--Par. (8)(B)(xv). Pub. L. 106-346 added cl. (xv).
    1986--Pars. (8)(B)(ix)(II), (9)(A)(vii)(II). Pub. L. 99-514 
substituted ``Internal Revenue Code of 1986'' for ``Internal Revenue 
Code of 1954'', which for purposes of codification was translated as 
``title 26'' thus requiring no change in text.
    1980--Pub. L. 96-187 changed the section designations from letters 
to numbers, and as so redesignated, substantially redefined the terms 
applicable to the provisions of this Act.
    1976--Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 94-283, Sec. 102(a), substituted 
``party which has authority to nominate'' for ``party held to 
nominate''.
    Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 94-283, Sec. 102(b), substituted ``written 
contract, promise, or agreement,'' for ``contract, promise, or 
agreement, expressed or implied,''.
    Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 94-283, Sec. 102(c), inserted provisions 
establishing an exception for legal or accounting services.
    Subsec. (e)(5). Pub. L. 94-283, Secs. 102(d), (e), 115(d) (1), 
substituted ``section 441b(b) of this title'' for ``the last paragraph 
of section 610 of title 18, United States Code'' in cl. (F), added cls. 
(G), (H), and (I), and, in the provisions following cl. (I), substituted 
``person'' for ``individual''.
    Subsec. (f)(4). Pub. L. 94-283, Secs. 102(f), 115(d)(2), inserted 
provisions in cl. (C) requiring the reporting to the Commission of costs 
directly attributable to a communication expressly advocating the 
election or defeat of a clearly identifiable candidate if those costs 
should exceed $2,000 per election, substituted ``section 441b(b) of this 
title'' for ``the last paragraph of section 610 of title 18, United 
States Code'' in cl. (H), and added cls. (I), (J), and (K).
    Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 94-283, Sec. 115(h), substituted ``section 
432(e) (1) of this title'' for ``section 432(f)(1) of this title''.
    Subsec. (o) to (q). Pub. L. 94-283, Sec. 102(g)(3), added subsecs. 
(o) to (q).
    1974--Pub. L. 93-443, Sec. 201(a) (1), inserted introductory 
reference to title IV of this Act, which for purposes of codification is 
translated as subchapter II of this chapter.
    Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 93-443, Sec. 201(a)(2), struck out from 
definition of ``election'' the election of delegates to a constitutional 
convention for proposing amendments to the Constitution of the United 
States.
    Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 93-443, Sec. 201(a)(3), inserted reference to 
``club,'' before ``association'' and substituted ``other group of 
persons'' and ``receives'' for ``organization'' and ``accepts''.
    Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 93-443, Sec. 201(a)(4), transferred the word 
``means'' after introductory word ``contribution'' to become the initial 
word in pars. (1) to (4); in par. (1), incorporated existing provisions 
in provisions designated subpars. (A) and (B), and deleted former 
provisions respecting contributions for the purpose of influencing the 
nomination for election, or election, of any person as a presidential 
election or for the purpose of influencing the election of delegates to 
a constitutional convention for proposing amendments to the Constitution 
of the United States; in par. (2), provided for express or implied 
transactions; in par. (3), substitution of ``funds received by a 
political committee which are transferred to such committee from another 
political committee or other source'' for ``a transfer of funds between 
political committees''; inserted at end of par. (4) the word ``but''; 
and added par. (5.)
    Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 93-443, Sec. 201(a)(5), transferred the word 
``means'' following introductory word ``expenditure'' to become the 
initial word in pars. (1) to (3); in par. (1), incorporated existing 
provisions in provisions designated subpars. (A) to (C) and deleted end 
text reading '', or for the purpose of influencing the election of 
delegates to a constitutional convention for proposing amendments to the 
Constitution of the United States''; in par. (2), provided for express 
or implied transactions; in par. (3), substituted ``the transfer of 
funds by a political committee to another political committee; but'' for 
``a transfer of funds between political committees''; and added par. 
(4).
    Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 93-443, Sec. 208(c)(1), substituted definition 
of ``Commission'' for ``supervisory officer''.
    Subsecs. (j) to (n). Pub. L. 93-443, Sec. 201(a)(6)-(8), added 
subsecs. (j) to (n).


                    Effective Date of 2000 Amendment

    Pub. L. 106-346, Sec. 101(a) [title V, Sec. 502(d)], Oct. 23, 2000, 
114 Stat. 1356, 1356A-50, provided that: ``The amendments made by this 
section [amending this section and section 434 of this title] shall 
apply with respect to elections occurring after January 2001.''


                    Effective Date of 1980 Amendment

    Section 301 of Pub. L. 96-187 provided that:
    ``(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), the amendments made by 
this Act [see Short Title of 1980 Amendment note set out below] are 
effective upon enactment [Jan. 8, 1980].
    ``(b) For authorized committees of candidates for President and Vice 
President, section 304(b) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 
[section 434(b) of this title] shall be effective for elections 
occurring after January 1, 1981.''


                    Effective Date of 1974 Amendment

    Section 410 of Pub. L. 93-443 provided that:
    ``(a) Except as provided by subsection (b) and subsection (c), the 
foregoing provisions of this Act [enacting sections 437a to 437h, 439a 
to 439c, 455 and 456 of this title sections 614 to 617 of Title 18, 
Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and sections 9031 to 9042 of Title 26, 
Internal Revenue Code, amending sections 431 to 437, 438, 439, 451 to 
453 of this title, sections 1501 to 1503 of Title 5, Government 
Organization and Employees, sections 591, 608, 610, 611, and 613 of 
Title 18, sections 276, 6012, and 9002 to 9012 of Title 26, and section 
315 of Title 47, Telegraphs, Telephones, and Radiotelegraphs, repealing 
section 440 of this title, section 9021 of Title 26, and sections 801 to 
805 of Title 47, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this 
section and sections 432, 434, 437c, and 438 of this title, sections 591 
and 608 of Title 18, and section 9006 of Title 26] shall become 
effective January 1, 1975.
    ``(b) Section 104 [set out as a note under section 591 of Title 18] 
and the amendment made by section 301 [amending section 453 of this 
title] shall become effective on the date of the enactment of this Act 
[Oct. 15, 1974].
    ``(c)(1) The amendments made by sections 403(a), 404, 405, 406, 408, 
and 409 [enacting sections 9031 to 9042, amending sections 276, 9002, 
9003, 9004, 9005, 9006, 9007, 9008, 9009, 9010, 9011, and 9012, and 
repealing section 9021 of Title 26] shall apply with respect to taxable 
years beginning after December 31, 1974.
    ``(2) The amendment made by section 407 [amending section 6012 of 
Title 26] shall apply with respect to taxable years beginning after 
December 31, 1971.''


                             Effective Date

    Section 408, formerly Sec. 406, of Pub. L. 92-225 as renumbered Pub. 
L. 93-443, title III, Sec. 302, Oct. 15, 1974, 88 Stat. 1289, provided 
that: ``Except as provided in section 401 of this Act [section 451 of 
this title], the provisions of this Act [see Short Title note set out 
below] shall become effective on December 31, 1971, or sixty days after 
the date of enactment of this Act [Feb. 7, 1972], whichever is later.''


                      Short Title of 1980 Amendment

    Section 1 of Pub. L. 96-187 provided: ``That this Act [amending this 
section and sections 432 to 434, 437, 437c, 437d, 437f to 439a, 439c, 
441a to 441i of this title, section 3132 of Title 5, Government 
Organization and Employees, sections 602, 603, and 607 of Title 18, 
Crimes and Criminal Procedure, section 901a of Title 22, Foreign 
Relations and Intercourse, section 9008 of Title 26, Internal Revenue 
Code, and section 5043 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare; 
repealing sections 435, 436, 437b, 437e, 439b, and 441j of this title 
and section 591 of Title 18; and enacting provisions set out as notes 
under this section] may be cited as the `Federal Election Campaign Act 
Amendments of 1979'.''


                      Short Title of 1976 Amendment

    Section 1 of Pub. L. 94-283 provided that: ``This Act [enacting 
sections 441a to 441j of this title, amending this section and sections 
432, 434, 436, 437b to 439c, and 455 of this title, section 591 of Title 
18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and sections 9002, 9003, 9004, 9006, 
9007, 9008, 9009, 9012, 9032, 9033, 9034, 9035, and 9039 of Title 26, 
Internal Revenue Code, repealing sections 437a, 441, and 456 of this 
title and sections 608, 610, 611, 612, 613, 614, 615, 616, and 617 of 
Title 18, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 437c, 
437f, and 441 of this title and sections 9002, 9004, and 9035 of Title 
26] may be cited as the `Federal Election Campaign Act Amendments of 
1976'.''


                      Short Title of 1974 Amendment

    Section 1 of Pub. L. 93-443 provided: ``That this Act [enacting 
sections 437a to 437h, 439a to 439c, 455, and 456 of this title, 
sections 614 to 617 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and 
sections 9031 to 9042 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code; amending this 
section and sections 432 to 437, 438, 439 and 451 to 453 of this title, 
sections 1501 to 1503 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, 
sections 591, 608, 610, 611, and 613 of Title 18, sections 276, 6012, 
9002 to 9012 of Title 26, and section 315 of Title 47, Telegraphs, 
Telephones, and Radiotelegraphs; repealing section 440 of this title, 
section 9021 of Title 26, and sections 801 to 805 of Title 47; and 
enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 
434, 437c, and 438 of this title, sections 591 and 608 of Title 18, and 
section 9006 of Title 26] may be cited as the `Federal Election Campaign 
Act Amendments of 1974'.''


                               Short Title

    Section 1 of Pub. L. 92-225 provided: ``That this Act [enacting this 
chapter and chapter 7 of Title 47, Telegraphs, Telephones, and 
Radiotelegraphs, amending sections 591, 600, 608, 610, and 611 of Title 
18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and sections 312 and 315 of Title 47, 
repealing sections 241 to 256 of this title and section 609 of Title 18, 
and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 
801 of Title 47] may be cited as the `Federal Election Campaign Act of 
1971'.''

                          Transfer of Functions

    Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation abolished and 
functions transferred, see Pub. L. 101-73, title IV, Secs. 401-406, Aug. 
9, 1989, 103 Stat. 354-363, set out as a note under section 1437 of 
Title 12, Banks and Banking.


                          Transition Provisions

    Section 303 of Pub. L. 96-187 provided that:
    ``(a) The Federal Election Commission shall transmit to the Congress 
proposed rules and regulations necessary for the purpose of implementing 
the provisions of this Act, and the amendments made by this Act [see 
Short Title of 1980 Amendment note set out above], prior to February 29, 
1980.
    ``(b) The provisions of section 311(d) of the Federal Election 
Campaign Act of 1971 [section 438(d) of this title] allowing disapproval 
of rules and regulations by either House of Congress within 30 
legislative days after receipt shall, with respect to rules and 
regulations required to be proposed under subsection (a) of this 
section, be deemed to allow such disapproval within 15 legislative days 
after receipt.''


         Voting System Study; Report to Congress; Cost of Study

    Section 302 of Pub. L. 96-187, as amended by Pub. L. 100-418, title 
V, Sec. 5115(c), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1433, provided that: ``The 
Federal Election Commission with the cooperation and assistance of the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology, shall conduct a 
preliminary study with respect to the future development of voluntary 
engineering and procedural performance standards for voting systems used 
in the United States. The Commission shall report to the Congress the 
results of the study, and such report shall include recommendations, if 
any, for the implementation of a program of such standards (including 
estimates of the costs and time requirements of implementing such a 
program). The cost of the study shall be paid out of any funds otherwise 
available to defray the expenses of the Commission.''

                  Section Referred to in Other Sections

    This section is referred to in sections 58, 59e, 433, 437a of this 
title; title 18 sections 602, 603, 607; title 20 section 1094; title 22 
section 3944; title 42 sections 1973gg-1, 5043.
