                          TITLE 2--THE CONGRESS
 
                 CHAPTER 14--FEDERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNS
 
           SUBCHAPTER I--DISCLOSURE OF FEDERAL CAMPAIGN FUNDS
 
Sec. 441a. Limitations on contributions and expenditures


(a) Dollar limits on contributions

    (1) No person shall make contributions--
        (A) to any candidate and his authorized political committees 
    with respect to any election for Federal office which, in the 
    aggregate, exceed $1,000;
        (B) to the political committees established and maintained by a 
    national political party, which are not the authorized political 
    committees of any candidate, in any calendar year which, in the 
    aggregate, exceed $20,000; or
        (C) to any other political committee in any calendar year which, 
    in the aggregate, exceed $5,000.

    (2) No multicandidate political committee shall make contributions--
        (A) to any candidate and his authorized political committees 
    with respect to any election for Federal office which, in the 
    aggregate, exceed $5,000;
        (B) to the political committees established and maintained by a 
    national political party, which are not the authorized political 
    committees of any candidate, in any calendar year, which, in the 
    aggregate, exceed $15,000; or
        (C) to any other political committee in any calendar year which, 
    in the aggregate, exceed $5,000.

    (3) No individual shall make contributions aggregating more than 
$25,000 in any calendar year. For purposes of this paragraph, any 
contribution made to a candidate in a year other than the calendar year 
in which the election is held with respect to which such contribution is 
made, is considered to be made during the calendar year in which such 
election is held.
    (4) The limitations on contributions contained in paragraphs (1) and 
(2) do not apply to transfers between and among political committees 
which are national, State, district, or local committees (including any 
subordinate committee thereof) of the same political party. For purposes 
of paragraph (2), the term ``multicandidate political committee'' means 
a political committee which has been registered under section 433 of 
this title for a period of not less than 6 months, which has received 
contributions from more than 50 persons, and, except for any State 
political party organization, has made contributions to 5 or more 
candidates for Federal office.
    (5) For purposes of the limitations provided by paragraph (1) and 
paragraph (2), all contributions made by political committees 
established or financed or maintained or controlled by any corporation, 
labor organization, or any other person, including any parent, 
subsidiary, branch, division, department, or local unit of such 
corporation, labor organization, or any other person, or by any group of 
such persons, shall be considered to have been made by a single 
political committee, except that (A) nothing in this sentence shall 
limit transfers between political committees of funds raised through 
joint fund raising efforts; (B) for purposes of the limitations provided 
by paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) all contributions made by a single 
political committee established or financed or maintained or controlled 
by a national committee of a political party and by a single political 
committee established or financed or maintained or controlled by the 
State committee of a political party shall not be considered to have 
been made by a single political committee; and (C) nothing in this 
section shall limit the transfer of funds between the principal campaign 
committee of a candidate seeking nomination or election to a Federal 
office and the principal campaign committee of that candidate for 
nomination or election to another Federal office if (i) such transfer is 
not made when the candidate is actively seeking nomination or election 
to both such offices; (ii) the limitations contained in this Act on 
contributions by persons are not exceeded by such transfer; and (iii) 
the candidate has not elected to receive any funds under chapter 95 or 
chapter 96 of title 26. In any case in which a corporation and any of 
its subsidiaries, branches, divisions, departments, or local units, or a 
labor organization and any of its subsidiaries, branches, divisions, 
departments, or local units establish or finance or maintain or control 
more than one separate segregated fund, all such separate segregated 
funds shall be treated as a single separate segregated fund for purposes 
of the limitations provided by paragraph (1) and paragraph (2).
    (6) The limitations on contributions to a candidate imposed by 
paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection shall apply separately with 
respect to each election, except that all elections held in any calendar 
year for the office of President of the United States (except a general 
election for such office) shall be considered to be one election.
    (7) For purposes of this subsection--
        (A) contributions to a named candidate made to any political 
    committee authorized by such candidate to accept contributions on 
    his behalf shall be considered to be contributions made to such 
    candidate;
        (B)(i) expenditures made by any person in cooperation, 
    consultation, or concert, with, or at the request or suggestion of, 
    a candidate, his authorized political committees, or their agents, 
    shall be considered to be a contribution to such candidate;
        (ii) the financing by any person of the dissemination, 
    distribution, or republication, in whole or in part, of any 
    broadcast or any written, graphic, or other form of campaign 
    materials prepared by the candidate, his campaign committees, or 
    their authorized agents shall be considered to be an expenditure for 
    purposes of this paragraph; and
        (C) contributions made to or for the benefit of any candidate 
    nominated by a political party for election to the office of Vice 
    President of the United States shall be considered to be 
    contributions made to or for the benefit of the candidate of such 
    party for election to the office of President of the United States.

    (8) For purposes of the limitations imposed by this section, all 
contributions made by a person, either directly or indirectly, on behalf 
of a particular candidate, including contributions which are in any way 
earmarked or otherwise directed through an intermediary or conduit to 
such candidate, shall be treated as contributions from such person to 
such candidate. The intermediary or conduit shall report the original 
source and the intended recipient of such contribution to the Commission 
and to the intended recipient.

(b) Dollar limits on expenditures by candidates for office of President 
        of United States

    (1) No candidate for the office of President of the United States 
who is eligible under section 9003 of title 26 (relating to condition 
for eligibility for payments) or under section 9033 of title 26 
(relating to eligibility for payments) to receive payments from the 
Secretary of the Treasury may make expenditures in excess of--
        (A) $10,000,000, in the case of a campaign for nomination for 
    election to such office, except the aggregate of expenditures under 
    this subparagraph in any one State shall not exceed the greater of 
    16 cents multiplied by the voting age population of the State (as 
    certified under subsection (e) of this section), or $200,000; or
        (B) $20,000,000 in the case of a campaign for election to such 
    office.

    (2) For purposes of this subsection--
        (A) expenditures made by or on behalf of any candidate nominated 
    by a political party for election to the office of Vice President of 
    the United States shall be considered to be expenditures made by or 
    on behalf of the candidate of such party for election to the office 
    of President of the United States; and
        (B) an expenditure is made on behalf of a candidate, including a 
    vice presidential candidate, if it is made by--
            (i) an authorized committee or any other agent of the 
        candidate for purposes of making any expenditure; or
            (ii) any person authorized or requested by the candidate, an 
        authorized committee of the candidate, or an agent of the 
        candidate, to make the expenditure.

(c) Increases on limits based on increases in price index

    (1) At the beginning of each calendar year (commencing in 1976), as 
there become available necessary data from the Bureau of Labor 
Statistics of the Department of Labor, the Secretary of Labor shall 
certify to the Commission and publish in the Federal Register the 
percent difference between the price index for the 12 months preceding 
the beginning of such calendar year and the price index for the base 
period. Each limitation established by subsection (b) of this section 
and subsection (d) of this section shall be increased by such percent 
difference. Each amount so increased shall be the amount in effect for 
such calendar year.
    (2) For purposes of paragraph (1)--
        (A) the term ``price index'' means the average over a calendar 
    year of the Consumer Price Index (all items--United States city 
    average) published monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics; and
        (B) the term ``base period'' means the calendar year 1974.

(d) Expenditures by national committee, State committee, or subordinate 
        committee of State committee in connection with general election 
        campaign of candidates for Federal office

    (1) Notwithstanding any other provision of law with respect to 
limitations on expenditures or limitations on contributions, the 
national committee of a political party and a State committee of a 
political party, including any subordinate committee of a State 
committee, may make expenditures in connection with the general election 
campaign of candidates for Federal office, subject to the limitations 
contained in paragraphs (2) and (3) of this subsection.
    (2) The national committee of a political party may not make any 
expenditure in connection with the general election campaign of any 
candidate for President of the United States who is affiliated with such 
party which exceeds an amount equal to 2 cents multiplied by the voting 
age population of the United States (as certified under subsection (e) 
of this section). Any expenditure under this paragraph shall be in 
addition to any expenditure by a national committee of a political party 
serving as the principal campaign committee of a candidate for the 
office of President of the United States.
    (3) The national committee of a political party, or a State 
committee of a political party, including any subordinate committee of a 
State committee, may not make any expenditure in connection with the 
general election campaign of a candidate for Federal office in a State 
who is affiliated with such party which exceeds--
        (A) in the case of a candidate for election to the office of 
    Senator, or of Representative from a State which is entitled to only 
    one Representative, the greater of--
            (i) 2 cents multiplied by the voting age population of the 
        State (as certified under subsection (e) of this section); or
            (ii) $20,000; and

        (B) in the case of a candidate for election to the office of 
    Representative, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner in any other 
    State, $10,000.

(e) Certification and publication of estimated voting age population

    During the first week of January 1975, and every subsequent year, 
the Secretary of Commerce shall certify to the Commission and publish in 
the Federal Register an estimate of the voting age population of the 
United States, of each State, and of each congressional district as of 
the first day of July next preceding the date of certification. The term 
``voting age population'' means resident population, 18 years of age or 
older.

(f) Prohibited contributions and expenditures

    No candidate or political committee shall knowingly accept any 
contribution or make any expenditure in violation of the provisions of 
this section. No officer or employee of a political committee shall 
knowingly accept a contribution made for the benefit or use of a 
candidate, or knowingly make any expenditure on behalf of a candidate, 
in violation of any limitation imposed on contributions and expenditures 
under this section.

(g) Attribution of multi-State expenditures to candidate's expenditure 
        limitation in each State

    The Commission shall prescribe rules under which any expenditure by 
a candidate for presidential nominations for use in 2 or more States 
shall be attributed to such candidate's expenditure limitation in each 
such State, based on the voting age population in such State which can 
reasonably be expected to be influenced by such expenditure.

(h) Senatorial candidates

    Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, amounts totaling 
not more than $17,500 may be contributed to a candidate for nomination 
for election, or for election, to the United States Senate during the 
year in which an election is held in which he is such a candidate, by 
the Republican or Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee, or the 
national committee of a political party, or any combination of such 
committees.

(Pub. L. 92-225, title III, Sec. 315, formerly Sec. 320, as added Pub. 
L. 94-283, title I, Sec. 112(2), May 11, 1976, 90 Stat. 486; renumbered 
Sec. 315, Pub. L. 96-187, title I, Sec. 105(5), Jan. 8, 1980, 93 Stat. 
1354; amended Pub. L. 99-514, Sec. 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095.)

                       References in Text

    This Act, referred to in subsecs. (a)(5) and (h), means the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971, as amended, as defined by section 431 of 
this title.

                          Codification

    Another section 320 of Pub. L. 92-225, which was classified to 
section 441 of this title, was repealed by Pub. L. 94-283, title I, 
Sec. 112(1), May 11, 1976, 90 Stat. 486.


                               Amendments

    1986--Subsecs. (a)(5), (b)(1). Pub. L. 99-514 substituted ``Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986'' for ``Internal Revenue Code of 1954'', which for 
purposes of codification was translated as ``title 26'' thus requiring 
no change in text.

                  Section Referred to in Other Sections

    This section is referred to in section 434 of this title; title 5 
section 7323; title 26 sections 9004, 9008, 9034, 9035.
