 
      CHAPTER 28--HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE
 
             SUBCHAPTER VI--INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS
 
                       Part D--General Provisions
 
Sec. 1132. Definitions


(a) Definitions

    As used in this subchapter--
        (1) the term ``area studies'' means a program of comprehensive 
    study of the aspects of a society or societies, including study of 
    its history, culture, economy, politics, international relations and 
    languages;
        (2) the term ``international business'' means profit-oriented 
    business relationships conducted across national boundaries and 
    includes activities such as the buying and selling of goods, 
    investments in industries, the licensing of processes, patents and 
    trademarks, and the supply of services;
        (3) the term ``export education'' means educating, teaching and 
    training to provide general knowledge and specific skills pertinent 
    to the selling of goods and services to other countries, including 
    knowledge of market conditions, financial arrangements, laws and 
    procedures;
        (4) the term ``internationalization of curricula'' means the 
    incorporation of international or comparative perspectives in 
    existing courses of study or the addition of new components to the 
    curricula to provide an international context for American business 
    education;
        (5) the term ``comprehensive language and area center'' means an 
    administrative unit of a university that contributes significantly 
    to the national interest in advanced research and scholarship, 
    employs a critical mass of scholars in diverse disciplines related 
    to a geographic concentration, offers intensive language training in 
    languages of its area specialization, maintains important library 
    collections related to the area, and makes training available in 
    language and area studies to a graduate, postgraduate, and 
    undergraduate clientele; and
        (6) the term ``undergraduate language and area center'' means an 
    administrative unit of an institution of higher education, including 
    but not limited to 4-year colleges, that contributes significantly 
    to the national interest through the education and training of 
    students who matriculate into advanced language and area studies 
    programs, professional school programs, or incorporates substantial 
    international and foreign language content into baccalaureate degree 
    programs, engages in research, curriculum development and community 
    outreach activities designed to broaden international and foreign 
    language knowledge, employs faculty with strong language, area, and 
    international studies credentials, maintains library holdings, 
    including basic reference works, journals, and works in translation, 
    and makes training available predominantly to undergraduate 
    students;
        (7) the term ``critical languages'' means each of the languages 
    contained in the list of critical languages designated by the 
    Secretary pursuant to section 212(d) of the Education for Economic 
    Security Act (50 Fed. Reg. 149, 31413), except that, in the 
    implementation of this definition, the Secretary may set priorities 
    according to the purposes of this subchapter;
        (8) the term ``institution of higher education'' means, in 
    addition to institutions which meet the definition of section 1001 
    of this title, institutions which meet the requirements of section 
    1001 of this title except that (1) they are not located in the 
    United States, and (2) they apply for assistance under this title in 
    consortia with institutions which meet the definition of section 
    1001 of this title; and
        (9) the term ``educational programs abroad'' means programs of 
    study, internships, or service learning outside the United States 
    which are part of a foreign language or other international 
    curriculum at the undergraduate or graduate education levels.

(b) Special conditions

    All references to individuals or organizations, unless the context 
otherwise requires, mean individuals who are citizens or permanent 
residents of the United States or organizations which are organized or 
incorporated in the United States.

(Pub. L. 89-329, title VI, Sec. 631, as added Pub. L. 102-325, title VI, 
Sec. 601, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 736; amended Pub. L. 105-244, title 
I, Sec. 102(b)(8), title VI, Sec. 604(a), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1622, 
1786.)

                       References in Text

    Section 212(d) of the Education for Economic Security Act, referred 
to in subsec. (a)(7), is section 212(d) of Pub. L. 98-377, title II, 
Aug. 11, 1984, 98 Stat. 1281, as amended, which was classified to 
section 3972(d) of this title and was repealed by Pub. L. 100-297, title 
II, Sec. 2303, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 324.


                            Prior Provisions

    A prior section 1132, Pub. L. 89-329, title VI, Sec. 622, as added 
Pub. L. 96-374, title VI, Sec. 601(a), Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1470; 
amended Pub. L. 99-498, title VI, Sec. 614, Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 
1520, defined terms used in this subchapter, prior to the general 
revision of this subchapter by Pub. L. 102-325.
    Another prior section 1132, Pub. L. 89-329, title VI, Sec. 622, Nov. 
8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1266, related to stipends for persons attending 
faculty development program institutes, prior to the general revision of 
this subchapter by Pub. L. 96-374.


                               Amendments

    1998--Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 105-244, Sec. 102(b)(8), substituted 
``section 1001'' for ``section 1141(a)'' in two places and ``of section 
1001'' for ``of 1141(a)''.
    Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 105-244, Sec. 604(a), added par. (9).


                    Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

    Amendment by Pub. L. 105-244 effective Oct. 1, 1998, except as 
otherwise provided in Pub. L. 105-244, see section 3 of Pub. L. 105-244, 
set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.


                             Effective Date

    Part effective Oct. 1, 1992, see section 2 of Pub. L. 102-325, set 
out as an Effective Date of 1992 Amendment note under section 1001 of 
this title.
