 
           CHAPTER 31--GENERAL PROVISIONS CONCERNING EDUCATION
 
SUBCHAPTER III--GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AND CONDITIONS CONCERNING OPERATION 
AND ADMINISTRATION OF EDUCATION PROGRAMS: GENERAL AUTHORITY OF SECRETARY
 
          Part 2--Administration: Requirements and Limitations
 
Sec. 1232a. Prohibition against Federal control of education

    No provision of any applicable program shall be construed to 
authorize any department, agency, officer, or employee of the United 
States to exercise any direction, supervision, or control over the 
curriculum, program of instruction, administration, or personnel of any 
educational institution, school, or school system, or over the selection 
of library resources, textbooks, or other printed or published 
instructional materials by any educational institution or school system, 
or to require the assignment or transportation of students or teachers 
in order to overcome racial imbalance.

(Pub. L. 90-247, title IV, Sec. 438, formerly Sec. 422, as added Pub. L. 
91-230, title IV, Sec. 401(a)(10), Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 169; 
renumbered Sec. 432 and amended Pub. L. 92-318, title III, 
Sec. 301(a)(1), title VII, Sec. 717(b), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 326, 
369; Pub. L. 94-482, title IV, Sec. 404(b), Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 
2230; renumbered Sec. 438, Pub. L. 103-382, title II, Sec. 212(b)(1), 
Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3913.)


                            Prior Provisions

    A prior section 438 of Pub. L. 90-247 was renumbered section 444, 
and is classified to section 1232g of this title.
    Another prior section 438 of Pub. L. 90-247 was renumbered section 
448, and was classified to section 1233g of this title prior to repeal 
by Pub. L. 103-382.


                               Amendments

    1976--Pub. L. 94-482 substituted provisions prohibiting any 
applicable program from exercising Federal control of education, for 
provisions prohibiting such specific Federal laws as the Act of Sept. 
30, 1950, National Defense Education Act of 1958, Act of Sept. 23, 1950, 
Higher Education Facilities Act of 1963, Elementary and Secondary 
Education Act of 1965, Higher Education Act of 1965, International 
Education Act of 1966, Emergency School Aid Act, and the Vocational 
Education Act of 1963 from exercising such Federal control.
    1972--Pub. L. 92-318, Sec. 717(b), inserted ``the Emergency School 
Aid Act;'' after ``the International Education Act of 1966;''.


                    Effective Date of 1976 Amendment

    Amendment by Pub. L. 94-482 effective 30 days after Oct. 12, 1976, 
except either as specifically otherwise provided or, if not so 
specifically otherwise provided, effective July 1, 1976, for those 
amendments providing for authorization of appropriations, see section 
532 of Pub. L. 94-482, set out as a note under section 1001 of this 
title.

                  Section Referred to in Other Sections

    This section is referred to in section 3921 of this title.
