 CHAPTER 70--STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY 
                                 SCHOOLS
 
  SUBCHAPTER II--DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
 
                   Part C--Reading and Literacy Grants
 
Sec. 6661a. Definitions

    For purposes of this part:

           (1) Eligible professional development provider

        The term ``eligible professional development provider'' means a 
    provider of professional development in reading instruction to 
    teachers that is based on scientifically based reading research.

                       (2) Instructional staff

        The term ``instructional staff''--
            (A) means individuals who have responsibility for teaching 
        children to read; and
            (B) includes principals, teachers, supervisors of 
        instruction, librarians, library school media specialists, 
        teachers of academic subjects other than reading, and other 
        individuals who have responsibility for assisting children to 
        learn to read.

                             (3) Reading

        The term ``reading'' means a complex system of deriving meaning 
    from print that requires all of the following:
            (A) The skills and knowledge to understand how phonemes, or 
        speech sounds, are connected to print.
            (B) The ability to decode unfamiliar words.
            (C) The ability to read fluently.
            (D) Sufficient background information and vocabulary to 
        foster reading comprehension.
            (E) The development of appropriate active strategies to 
        construct meaning from print.
            (F) The development and maintenance of a motivation to read.

              (4) Scientifically based reading research

        The term ``scientifically based reading research''--
            (A) means the application of rigorous, systematic, and 
        objective procedures to obtain valid knowledge relevant to 
        reading development, reading instruction, and reading 
        difficulties; and
            (B) shall include research that--
                (i) employs systematic, empirical methods that draw on 
            observation or experiment;
                (ii) involves rigorous data analyses that are adequate 
            to test the stated hypotheses and justify the general 
            conclusions drawn;
                (iii) relies on measurements or observational methods 
            that provide valid data across evaluators and observers and 
            across multiple measurements and observations; and
                (iv) has been accepted by a peer-reviewed journal or 
            approved by a panel of independent experts through a 
            comparably rigorous, objective, and scientific review.

(Pub. L. 89-10, title II, Sec. 2252, as added Pub. L. 105-277, div. A, 
Sec. 101(f) [title VIII, Sec. 101(a)(2)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-
337, 2681-392; amended Pub. L. 106-554, Sec. 1(a)(4) [div. B, title XVI, 
Sec. 1606(b)(2)(A)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A-335.)


                               Amendments

    2000--Pars. (2) to (5). Pub. L. 106-554 redesignated pars. (3) to 
(5) as (2) to (4), respectively, and struck out former par. (2), which 
defined the term ``family literacy services''.

                  Section Referred to in Other Sections

    This section is referred to in sections 6361, 6362, 6365, 6369b of 
this title.
