
From the U.S. Code Online via GPO Access
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[Laws in effect as of January 2, 2001]
[Document not affected by Public Laws enacted between
  January 2, 2001 and January 28, 2002]
[CITE: 22USC2151a]

 
               TITLE 22--FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
 
                     CHAPTER 32--FOREIGN ASSISTANCE
 
                 SUBCHAPTER I--INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
 
  Part I--Declaration of Policy; Development Assistance Authorizations
 
Sec. 2151a. Agricultural development in rural areas


(a) Authorization to President to furnish assistance; appropriations

    (1) In recognition of the fact that the great majority of the people 
of developing countries live in rural areas and are dependent on 
agriculture and agricultural-related pursuits for their livelihood, the 
President is authorized to furnish assistance, on such terms and 
conditions as he may determine, for agriculture, rural development, and 
nutrition--
        (A) to alleviate starvation, hunger, and malnutrition;
        (B) to expand significantly the provision of basic services to 
    rural poor people to enhance their capacity for self-help; and
        (C) to help create productive farm and off-farm employment in 
    rural areas to provide a more viable economic base and enhance 
    opportunities for improved incomes, living standards, and 
    contributions by rural poor people to the economic and social 
    development of their countries.

    (2) There are authorized to be appropriated to the President for 
purposes of this section, in addition to funds otherwise available for 
such purposes, $760,000,000 for fiscal year 1986 and $760,000,000 for 
fiscal year 1987. Of these amounts, the President may use such amounts 
as he deems appropriate to carry out the provisions of section 316 of 
the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1980. 
Amounts appropriated under this section are authorized to remain 
available until expended.
    (3) Of the amounts authorized to be appropriated in paragraph (2) 
for the fiscal year 1987, not less than $2,000,000 shall be available 
only for the purpose of controlling and eradicating amblyomma variegatum 
(heartwater) in bovine animals in the Caribbean.

(b) Use of assistance primarily in aid of rural poor; multilateral 
        infrastructure projects; forestry projects

    (1) Assistance provided under this section shall be used primarily 
for activities which are specifically designed to increase the 
productivity and income of the rural poor, through such means as 
creation and strengthening of local institutions linked to the regional 
and national levels; organization of a system of financial institutions 
which provide both savings and credit services to the poor; stimulation 
of small, labor-intensive enterprises in rural towns; improvement of 
marketing facilities and systems; expansion of rural infrastructure and 
utilities such as farm-to-market roads, water management systems, land 
improvement, energy, and storage facilities; establishment of more 
equitable and more secure land tenure arrangements; and creation and 
strengthening of systems to provide other services and supplies needed 
by farmers, such as extension, research, training, fertilizer, water, 
forestry, soil conservation, and improved seed, in ways which assure 
access to them by small farmers.
    (2) In circumstances where development of major infrastructure is 
necessary to achieve the objectives set forth in this section, 
assistance for that purpose should be furnished under this part in 
association with significant contributions from other countries working 
together in a multilateral framework. Infrastructure projects so 
assisted should be complemented by other measures to ensure that the 
benefits of the infrastructure reach the poor.
    (3) The Congress recognizes that the accelerating loss of forests 
and tree cover in developing countries undermines and offsets efforts to 
improve agricultural production and nutrition and otherwise to meet the 
basic human needs of the poor. Deforestation results in increased 
flooding, reduction in water supply for agricultural capacity, loss of 
firewood and needed wood products, and loss of valuable plants and 
animals. In order to maintain and increase forest resources, the 
President is authorized to provide assistance under this section for 
forestry projects which are essential to fulfill the fundamental 
purposes of this section. Emphasis shall be given to community woodlots, 
agroforestry, reforestation, protection of watershed forests, and more 
effective forest management.

(c) Increased agricultural production in least developed countries

    The Congress finds that the greatest potential for significantly 
expanding availability of food for people in rural areas and augmenting 
world food production at relatively low cost lies in increasing the 
productivity of small farmers who constitute a majority of the 
agricultural producers in developing countries. Increasing the emphasis 
on rural development and expanded food production in the poorest nations 
of the developing world is a matter of social justice and a principal 
element contributing to broadly based economic growth, as well as an 
important factor in alleviating inflation in the industrialized 
countries. In the allocation of funds under this section, special 
attention shall be given to increasing agricultural production in 
countries which have been designated as ``least developed'' by the 
United Nations General Assembly.

(d) Coordination with population planning and health programs

    Assistance provided under this section shall also be used in 
coordination with programs carried out under section 2151b of this title 
to help improve nutrition of the people of developing countries through 
encouragement of increased production of crops with greater nutritional 
value; improvement of planning, research, and education with respect to 
nutrition, particularly with reference to improvement and expanded use 
of indigenously produced foodstuffs; and the undertaking of pilot or 
demonstration programs explicitly addressing the problem of malnutrition 
of poor and vulnerable people. In particular, the President is 
encouraged--
        (1) to devise and carry out in partnership with developing 
    countries a strategy for programs of nutrition and health 
    improvement for mothers and children, including breast feeding; and
        (2) to provide technical, financial, and material support to 
    individuals or groups at the local level for such programs.

(e) Use of local currency proceeds from sales of commodities

    Local currency proceeds from sales of commodities provided under the 
Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 [7 U.S.C. 1691 
et seq.] which are owned by foreign governments shall be used whenever 
practicable to carry out the provisions of this section.

(f) National food security policies and programs; bilateral and 
        multilateral assistance

    The Congress finds that the efforts of developing countries to 
enhance their national food security deserves encouragement as a matter 
of United States development assistance policy. Measures complementary 
to assistance for expanding food production in developing countries are 
needed to help assure that food becomes increasingly available on a 
regular basis to the poor in such countries. Therefore, United States 
bilateral assistance under this chapter and the Agricultural Trade 
Development and Assistance Act of 1954 [7 U.S.C. 1691 et seq.], and 
United States participation in multilateral institutions, shall 
emphasize policies and programs which assist developing countries to 
increase their national food security by improving their food policies 
and management and by strengthening national food reserves, with 
particular concern for the needs of the poor, through measures 
encouraging domestic production, building national food reserves, 
expanding available storage facilities, reducing postharvest food 
losses, and improving food distribution.

(g) International Fund for Agricultural Development; participation and 
        contributions; availability of appropriations

    (1) In order to carry out the purposes of this section, the 
President may continue United States participation in and may make 
contributions to the International Fund for Agricultural Development.
    (2) Of the aggregate amount authorized to be appropriated to carry 
out subchapter I of this chapter, up to $50,000,000 for fiscal year 1986 
and up to $50,000,000 for fiscal year 1987 may be made available, by 
appropriation or by transfer, for United States contributions to the 
second replenishment of the International Fund for Agricultural 
Development.

(Pub. L. 87-195, pt. I, Sec. 103, as added Pub. L. 93-189, Sec. 2(3), 
Dec. 17, 1973, 87 Stat. 715; amended Pub. L. 93-559, Sec. 2, Dec. 30, 
1974, 88 Stat. 1795; Pub. L. 94-161, title III, Sec. 302, Dec. 20, 1975, 
89 Stat. 856; Pub. L. 95-88, title I, Sec. 102, Aug. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 
534; Pub. L. 95-424, title I, Sec. 103(a), Oct. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 943; 
Pub. L. 96-53, title I, Sec. 101, Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 359; Pub. L. 
96-533, title III, Sec. 301, Dec. 16, 1980, 94 Stat. 3145; Pub. L. 97-
113, title III, Sec. 301(a), (c), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1531, 1532; 
Pub. L. 99-83, title III, Sec. 302, title X, Sec. 1001, Aug. 8, 1985, 99 
Stat. 214, 270; Pub. L. 99-399, title XIII, Sec. 1304, Aug. 27, 1986, 
100 Stat. 898.)

                       References in Text

    Section 316 of the International Security and Development 
Cooperation Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is section 316 
of Pub. L. 96-533, title III, Dec. 16, 1980, 94 Stat. 3149, set out as a 
note below.
    The Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954, 
referred to in subsecs. (e) and (f), is act July 10, 1954, ch. 469, 68 
Stat. 454, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 41 
(Sec. 1691 et seq.) of Title 7, Agriculture. For complete classification 
of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1691 
of Title 7 and Tables.
    This chapter, referred to in subsec. (f), was in the original ``this 
Act'', meaning Pub. L. 87-195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, as amended, 
known as the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. For complete classification 
of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 
of this title and Tables.


References to Subchapter I Deemed To Include Certain Parts of Subchapter 
                                   II

    References to subchapter I of this chapter are deemed to include 
parts IV (Sec. 2346 et seq.), VI (Sec. 2348 et seq.), and VIII 
(Sec. 2349aa et seq.) of subchapter II of this chapter, and references 
to subchapter II are deemed to exclude such parts. See section 202(b) of 
Pub. L. 92-226, set out as a note under section 2346 of this title, and 
sections 2348c and 2349aa-5 of this title.


                               Amendments

    2000--Subsec. (b)(4)(G). Pub. L. 106-309, Sec. 203(b)(1), added 
subpar. (G).
    Subsec. (b)(17). Pub. L. 106-309, Sec. 203(b)(2), added par. (17).
    1986--Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 99-399 added par. (3).
    1985--Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 99-83, Sec. 302, substituted 
``$760,000,000 for fiscal year 1986 and $760,000,000 for fiscal year 
1987. Of these amounts, the President may use such amounts as he deems 
appropriate to carry out the provisions of section 316 of the 
International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1980.'' for 
``$700,000,000 for the fiscal year 1982 and $700,000,000 for the fiscal 
year 1983, of which up to $1,000,000 for each such fiscal year shall be 
available only to carry out section 316 of the International Security 
and Development Cooperation Act of 1980.''
    Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 99-83, Sec. 1001, amended subsec. (g) 
generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (g) read as follows: ``In order 
to carry out the purposes of this section, the President may continue to 
participate in and may provide, on such terms and conditions as he may 
determine, up to $180,000,000 to the International Fund for Agricultural 
Development. There are authorized to be appropriated to the President 
for the purposes of this subsection $180,000,000, except that not more 
than $40,500,000 may be appropriated under this subsection for the 
fiscal year 1982. Amounts appropriated under this subsection are 
authorized to remain available until expended.''
    1981--Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 97-113, Sec. 301(a), substituted 
``$700,000,000 for the fiscal year 1982 and $700,000,000 for the fiscal 
year 1983, of which up to $1,000,000 for each such fiscal year shall be 
available only to carry out section 316 of the International Security 
and Development Cooperation Act of 1980'' for ``$713,500,000 for the 
fiscal year 1981''.
    Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 97-113, Sec. 301(c), added subsec. (g).
    1980--Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 96-533 substituted appropriations 
authorization of $713,500,000 for fiscal year 1981 for such 
authorization of $659,000,000 for fiscal year 1980.
    1979--Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 96-53, Sec. 101(a), substituted 
provisions authorizing appropriations of $659,000,000 for fiscal year 
1980, for provisions authorizing appropriations of $665,213,000 for 
fiscal year 1979.
    Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 96-53, Sec. 101(b), added par. (3).
    Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 96-53, Sec. 101(c), added subsec. (f).
    1978--Pub. L. 95-424 amended section generally, updating and 
clarifying the purposes of assistance to more accurately reflect the 
range of activities authorized by this section.
    1977--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95-88, Sec. 102(a), struck out provisions 
authorizing appropriations of $291,000,000 for the fiscal year 1974, 
$500,000,000 for the fiscal year 1975, and $618,800,000 for the fiscal 
year 1976, and inserted provisions authorizing the appropriation of 
$580,000,000 for the fiscal year 1978.
    Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 95-88, Sec. 102(b), added subsec. (h).
    1975--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94-161, Sec. 302(1), authorized 
appropriation of $618,800,000 and $745,000,000 for fiscal years 1976 and 
1977, respectively.
    Subsecs. (c) to (g). Pub. L. 94-161, Sec. 302(2), added subsecs. (c) 
to (g).
    1974--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93-559, Sec. 2(1), (2), designated 
existing provisions as subsec. (a) and increased appropriations 
authorization for fiscal year 1975 to $500,000,000 from $291,000,000.
    Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93-559, Sec. 2(3), added subsec. (b).


                    Effective Date of 1985 Amendment

    Amendment by Pub. L. 99-83 effective Oct. 1, 1985, see section 1301 
of Pub. L. 99-83, set out as a note under section 2151-1 of this title.


                    Effective Date of 1979 Amendment

    Amendment by Pub. L. 96-53 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 
512(a) of Pub. L. 96-53, set out as a note under section 2151 of this 
title.


                    Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

    Amendment by Pub. L. 95-424 effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 605 
of Pub. L. 95-424, set out as a note under section 2151 of this title.

                         Delegation of Functions

    For delegation of functions of President under this section, see Ex. 
Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set out as a 
note under section 2381 of this title.


                              World Hunger

    Section 316 of Pub. L. 96-533 provided:
    ``(a) In order to further the purposes of section 103 of the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961 [this section], the Director of the United States 
International Development Cooperation Agency shall encourage the ongoing 
work of private and voluntary organizations to deal with world hunger 
problems abroad. To this end, the Director shall help facilitate 
widespread public discussion, analysis, and review of the issues raised 
by the Report of the Presidential Commission on World Hunger of March 
1980, especially the issues raised by the Commission's call for 
increased public awareness of the political, economic, technical, and 
social factors relating to hunger and poverty.
    ``(b) As a means of carrying out subsection (a), and to ensure the 
effectiveness of private and voluntary organizations in dealing with 
world hunger abroad, the Director is urged to provide assistance to 
private and voluntary organizations engaged in facilitating public 
discussion of hunger and other related issues.''
    [For abolition of United States International Development 
Cooperation Agency (other than Agency for International Development and 
Overseas Private Investment Corporation), transfer of functions, and 
treatment of references thereto, see sections 6561, 6562, and 6571 of 
this title.]


                 Reduction of Postharvest Losses of Food

    Section 317 of Pub. L. 96-533 provided: ``It is the sense of the 
Congress that--
        ``(1) the President should reaffirm the policy of the United 
    States Government to support the goal established by the United 
    Nations General Assembly of reducing by 50 percent postharvest 
    losses of food in developing countries; and
        ``(2) the President, acting through the Agency for International 
    Development, should increase substantially the proportion of funds 
    made available under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [see Short 
    Title note set out under section 2151 of this title] for the purpose 
    of assisting, together with other donor countries and with 
    developing countries, in the reduction of postharvest losses of food 
    in developing countries.''

                  Section Referred to in Other Sections

    This section is referred to in sections 2151b, 2151d, 2151h, 2151p-
1, 2151u, 2220a, 2220d, 2293, 3262 of this title.
