
From the U.S. Code Online via GPO Access
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[Laws in effect as of January 2, 2001]
[Document not affected by Public Laws enacted between
  January 2, 2001 and January 28, 2002]
[CITE: 22USC2151d]

 
               TITLE 22--FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
 
                     CHAPTER 32--FOREIGN ASSISTANCE
 
                 SUBCHAPTER I--INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
 
  Part I--Declaration of Policy; Development Assistance Authorizations
 
Sec. 2151d. Development of indigenous energy resources


(a) Congressional statement of findings

    (1)(A) The Congress finds that energy development and production are 
vital elements in the development process, that energy shortages in 
developing countries severely limit the development process in such 
countries, that two-thirds of the developing countries which import oil 
depend on it for at least 90 percent of the energy which their economies 
require, and that the dramatic increase in world oil prices since 1973 
has resulted in considerable economic hardship for many developing 
countries. The Congress is concerned that the value and purpose of much 
of the assistance provided to developing countries under sections 2151a, 
2151b, and 2151c of this title are undermined by the inability of many 
developing countries to satisfy their energy requirements. Unless the 
energy deficit of the developing countries can be narrowed by more fully 
exploiting indigenous sources of energy such as oil, natural gas, and 
coal, scarce foreign exchange will increasingly have to be diverted to 
oil imports, primarily to the detriment of long-term development and 
economic growth.
    (B) The Congress recognizes that many developing countries lack 
access to the financial resources and technology necessary to locate, 
explore, and develop indigenous energy resources.
    (C) The Congress declares that there is potential for at least a 
moderate increase by 1990 in the production of energy for commercial use 
in the developing countries which are not members of the Organization of 
Petroleum Exporting Countries. In addition, there is a compelling need 
for vigorous efforts to improve the available data on the location, 
scale, and commercial exploitability of potential oil, natural gas, and 
coal reserves in developing countries, especially those which are not 
members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. The 
Congress further declares that there are many benefits to be gained by 
the developing countries and by the United States and other developed 
countries through expanded efforts to expedite the location, 
exploration, and development of potential sources of energy in 
developing countries. These benefits include, but are not limited to, 
the following:
        (i) The world's energy supply would be increased and the fear of 
    abrupt depletion would be lessened with new energy production. This 
    could have a positive impact upon energy prices in international 
    markets as well as a positive effect upon the balance of payments 
    problems of many developing countries.
        (ii) Diversification of the world's supplies of energy from 
    fossil fuels would make all countries, developing and developed, 
    less susceptible to supply interruptions and arbitrary production 
    and pricing policies.
        (iii) Even a moderate increase in energy production in the 
    developing countries would improve their ability to expand 
    commercial trade, foreign investment, and technology transfer 
    possibilities with the United States and other developed countries.

    (D) Assistance for the production of energy from indigenous 
resources, as authorized by subsection (b) of this section, would be of 
direct benefit to the poor in developing countries because of the 
overwhelming impact of imported energy costs upon the lives of the poor 
and their ability to participate in development.
    (2) The Congress also finds that energy production from renewable, 
decentralized sources and energy conservation are vital elements in the 
development process. Inadequate access by the poor to energy sources as 
well as the prospect of depleted fossil fuel reserves and higher energy 
prices require an enhanced effort to expand the energy resources of 
developing countries through greater emphasis on renewable sources. 
Renewable and decentralized energy technologies have particular 
applicability for the poor, especially in rural areas.

(b) General assistance authority; cooperative programs in energy 
        production and conservation; program goals

    (1) In order to help developing countries alleviate their energy 
problems by improving their ability to use indigenous energy resources 
to produce the energy needed by their economies, the President is 
authorized to furnish assistance, on such terms and conditions as he may 
determine, to enable such countries to prepare for and undertake 
development of their energy resources. Such assistance may include data 
collection and analysis, the training of skilled personnel, research on 
and development of suitable energy sources, and pilot projects to test 
new methods of energy production.
    (2) The President is authorized to furnish assistance under this 
part for cooperative programs with developing countries in energy 
production and conservation, through research on and development and use 
of small-scale, decentralized, renewable energy sources for rural areas 
carried out as integral parts of rural development efforts in accordance 
with section 2151a of this title. Such programs shall also be directed 
toward the earliest practicable development and use of energy 
technologies which are environmentally acceptable, require minimum 
capital investment, are most acceptable to and affordable by the people 
using them, are simple and inexpensive to use and maintain, and are 
transferable from one region of the world to another. Such programs may 
include research on and the development, demonstration, and application 
of suitable energy technologies (including use of wood); analysis of 
energy uses, needs, and resources; training and institutional 
development; and scientific interchange.

(c) Administrative coordination of planning and implementation of 
        programs

    The agency primarily responsible for administering subchapter I of 
this chapter and the Department of Energy shall coordinate with one 
another, to the maximum extent possible, the planning and implementation 
of energy programs under this part.

(d) Assistance for programs of technical cooperation and development, 
        research, etc.

    The President is authorized to furnish assistance, on such terms and 
conditions as he may determine, for the following activities, to the 
extent that such activities are not authorized by sections 2151a, 2151b, 
and 2151c of this title:
        (1) programs of technical cooperation and development, 
    particularly the development efforts of United States private and 
    voluntary agencies and regional and international development 
    organizations;
        (2) programs of research into, and evaluation of, the process of 
    economic development in less developed countries and areas, into the 
    factors affecting the relative success and costs of development 
    activities, and into the means, techniques, and such other aspects 
    of development assistance as the President may determine in order to 
    render such assistance of increasing value and benefit;
        (3) programs of reconstruction following natural or manmade 
    disasters and programs of disaster preparedness, including the 
    prediction of and contingency planning for natural disasters abroad;
        (4) programs designed to help solve special development problems 
    in the poorest countries and to make possible proper utilization of 
    infrastructure and related projects funded with earlier United 
    States assistance; and
        (5) programs of urban development, with particular emphasis on 
    small, labor intensive enterprises, marketing systems for small 
    producers, and financial and other institutions which enable the 
    urban poor to participate in the economic and social development of 
    their country.

(e) Authorization of appropriations

    (1) There are authorized to be appropriated to the President for 
purposes of this section, in addition to funds otherwise available for 
such purposes, $207,000,000 for fiscal year 1986 and $207,000,000 for 
fiscal year 1987.
    (2) Amounts appropriated under this section are authorized to remain 
available until expended.

(f) Financing cooperative projects among United States, Israel, and 
        developing countries

    Of the amounts authorized to be appropriated to carry out this part, 
$5,000,000 for fiscal year 1986 and $5,000,000 for fiscal year 1987 
shall be used to finance cooperative projects among the United States, 
Israel, and developing countries.

(Pub. L. 87-195, pt. I, Sec. 106, as added Pub. L. 94-161, title III, 
Sec. 306(2), Dec. 20, 1975, 89 Stat. 858; amended Pub. L. 95-88, title 
I, Sec. 105, Aug. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 535; Pub. L. 95-424, title I, 
Sec. 106, Oct. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 947; Pub. L. 96-53, title I, 
Secs. 104(b), 105, Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 360, 362; Pub. L. 96-533, 
title III, Sec. 304(b)-(f), Dec. 16, 1980, 94 Stat. 3146; Pub. L. 97-
113, title III, Sec. 304, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1533; Pub. L. 99-83, 
title III, Sec. 307, title XII, Sec. 1211(a)(2), Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 
215, 279.)


References to Subchapter I Deemed To Include Certain Parts of Subchapter 
                                   II

    References to subchapter I of this chapter are deemed to include 
parts IV (Sec. 2346 et seq.), VI (Sec. 2348 et seq.), and VIII 
(Sec. 2349aa et seq.) of subchapter II of this chapter, and references 
to subchapter II are deemed to exclude such parts. See section 202(b) of 
Pub. L. 92-226, set out as a note under section 2346 of this title, and 
sections 2348c and 2349aa-5 of this title.


                            Prior Provisions

    A prior section 2151d, Pub. L. 87-195, pt. I, Sec. 106, as added 
Pub. L. 93-189, Sec. 2(3), Dec. 17, 1973, 87 Stat. 715, authorized 
additional appropriations of $53,000,000 for fiscal years 1974, and 
1975, for assistance to solve selected development problems in such 
fields as transportation, power, industry, urban development, and export 
development, prior to repeal by section 306(1) of Pub. L. 94-161.


                               Amendments

    1985--Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 99-83, Sec. 1211(a)(2), struck out 
par. (A) designation, and struck out par. (B) which related to use of 
funds in fiscal year 1981 for geological and geophysical survey work.
    Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 99-83, Sec. 307(a), amended par. (1) 
generally, substituting provisions authorizing appropriations of 
$207,000,000 for fiscal years 1986 and 1987 for provisions authorizing 
appropriations of $147,200,000 for fiscal years 1982 and 1983.
    Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 99-83, Sec. 307(b), added subsec. (f).
    1981--Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 97-113, Sec. 304(a), authorized 
assistance for programs of disaster preparedness, including the 
prediction of and contingency planning for natural disasters abroad.
    Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 97-113, Sec. 304(b), substituted 
appropriations of $147,200,000 for fiscal years 1982 and 1983, for 
appropriations of $140,000,000 for fiscal year 1981.
    1980--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96-533, Sec. 304(b), designated existing 
provisions as subpar. (1)(A), substituted subpar. (B), (C), and (D) for 
par. (2), (3), and (4) designations, substituted in subpar. (C), cl. 
(i), (ii), and (iii) for (A), (B), and (C) designations, and added par. 
(2).
    Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96-533, Sec. 304(c), (d), designated existing 
provisions as subpar. (1)(A), substituted subpar. (B) for par. (2) 
designation, substituted in subpar. (1)(B) ``fiscal year 1981 shall be 
used for purposes of subparagraph (A)'' for ``fiscal year 1980 shall be 
used for purposes of paragraph (1)'' and added par. (2).
    Subsecs. (c) to (e). Pub. L. 96-533, Sec. 304(d)-(f), added subsec. 
(c), redesignated former subsecs. (c) and (d) as (d) and (e), 
respectively, and in subsec. (e) designated text as pars. (1) and (2), 
and in par. (1) as so designated, substituted appropriations 
authorization of ``$140,000,000 for the fiscal year 1981'' for such 
appropriation of ``$125,000,000 for the fiscal year 1980''.
    1979--Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 96-53, Sec. 104(b)(2), (3), added 
subsecs. (a) and (b). Former subsecs. (a) and (b) redesignated (c) and 
(d), respectively.
    Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96-53, Sec. 104(b)(1), (2), redesignated former 
subsec. (a) as (c), struck out par. (2), relating to programs to 
increase energy production and conservation, and redesignated pars. (3) 
to (6) as (2) to (5), respectively.
    Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 96-53, Secs. 104(b)(2), 105, redesignated 
former subsec. (b) as (d) and substituted provisions authorizing 
appropriations for fiscal year 1980 of $125,000,000, for provisions 
authorizing appropriations for fiscal year 1979 of $126,244,000, and 
setting forth requirements for appropriations available to private 
voluntary agencies of the United States.
    1978--Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95-424 substituted ``$126,244,000 for the 
fiscal year 1979, which amount is'' for ``$104,500,000 for the fiscal 
year 1977 and $105,000,000 for the fiscal year 1978, which amounts 
are''.
    1977--Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95-88 struck out provisions authorizing 
an appropriation of $99,550,000 for fiscal year 1976 and inserted 
provisions authorizing an appropriation of $105,000,000 for fiscal year 
1978.


                    Effective Date of 1985 Amendment

    Amendment by Pub. L. 99-83 effective Oct. 1, 1985, see section 1301 
of Pub. L. 99-83, set out as a note under section 2151-1 of this title.


                    Effective Date of 1979 Amendment

    Amendment by Pub. L. 96-53 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 
512(a) of Pub. L. 96-53, set out as a note under section 2151 of this 
title.


                    Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

    Amendment by Pub. L. 95-424 effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 605 
of Pub. L. 95-424, set out as a note under section 2151 of this title.

                         Delegation of Functions

    For delegation of functions of President under this section, see Ex. 
Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set out as a 
note under section 2381 of this title.

                  Section Referred to in Other Sections

    This section is referred to in sections 2151u, 2293, 3262 of this 
title.
