
From the U.S. Code Online via GPO Access
[wais.access.gpo.gov]
[Laws in effect as of January 2, 2001]
[Document not affected by Public Laws enacted between
  January 2, 2001 and January 28, 2002]
[CITE: 22USC2293]

 
               TITLE 22--FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
 
                     CHAPTER 32--FOREIGN ASSISTANCE
 
                 SUBCHAPTER I--INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
 
                   Part X--Development Fund for Africa
 
Sec. 2293. Long-term development assistance for sub-Saharan 
        Africa
        

(a) Findings

    The Congress finds that--
        (1) drought and famine have caused countless deaths and untold 
    suffering among the people of sub-Saharan Africa;
        (2) drought and famine in combination with other factors such as 
    desertification, government neglect of the agricultural sector, and 
    inappropriate economic policies have severely affected long-term 
    development in sub-Saharan Africa; and
        (3) the most cost-effective and efficient way of overcoming 
    Africa's vulnerability to drought and famine is to address Africa's 
    long-term development needs through a process that builds upon the 
    needs and capabilities of the African people, promotes sustained and 
    equitable economic growth, preserves the environment, and protects 
    the rights of the individual.

(b) Authority to furnish assistance

    The President is authorized to furnish project and program 
assistance, on such terms and conditions as he may determine in 
accordance with the policies contained in this section, for long-term 
development in sub-Saharan Africa.

(c) Purpose of assistance

                             (1) Purpose

        The purpose of assistance under this section shall be to help 
    the poor majority of men and women in sub-Saharan Africa to 
    participate in a process of long-term development through economic 
    growth that is equitable, participatory, environmentally 
    sustainable, and self-reliant.

         (2) Use of assistance to encourage private sector 
                                 development

        Assistance under this section should, in a manner consistent 
    with paragraph (1), be used to promote sustained economic growth, 
    encourage private sector development, promote individual 
    initiatives, and help to reduce the role of central governments in 
    areas more appropriate for the private sector.

(d) Application of development assistance general authorities and 
        policies

    Except to the extent inconsistent with this section--
        (1) any reference in any law to part I of this subchapter 
    (including references to sections 2151a through 2151d of this title) 
    shall be deemed to include a reference to this section; and
        (2) assistance under this section shall be provided consistent 
    with the policies contained in section 2151-1 of this title.

(e) Private and voluntary organizations

            (1) Consultation to ensure local perspectives

        The Agency for International Development shall take into account 
    the local-level perspectives of the rural and urban poor in sub-
    Saharan Africa, including women, during the planning process for 
    project and program assistance under this section. In order to gain 
    that perspective the Agency for International Development should 
    consult closely with African, United States, and other private and 
    voluntary organizations that have demonstrated effectiveness in or 
    commitment to the promotion of local, grassroots activities on 
    behalf of long-term development in sub-Saharan Africa as described 
    in subsection (c) of this section.

         (2) ``Private and voluntary organization'' defined

        For purposes of this section, the term ``private and voluntary 
    organization'' includes (in addition to entities traditionally 
    considered to be private and voluntary organizations) cooperatives, 
    credit unions, trade unions, women's groups, nonprofit development 
    research institutions, and indigenous local organizations, which are 
    private and nonprofit.

(f) Local involvement in project implementation

    Local people, including women, shall be closely consulted and 
involved in the implementation of every project under this section which 
as \1\ a local focus.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ So in original. Probably should be ``has''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

(g) Participation of African women

    The Agency for International Development shall ensure that 
development activities assisted under this section incorporate a 
significant expansion of the participation (including decisionmaking) 
and integration of African women in each of the critical sectors 
described in subsection (i) of this section.

(h) Types of assistance

       (1) Projects and programs to address critical sectoral 
                                 priorities

        Assistance under this section shall emphasize primarily projects 
    and programs to address critical sectoral priorities for long-term 
    development described in subsection (i) of this section.

                   (2) Reform of economic policies

        (A) Use of program assistance

            Assistance under this section may also include program 
        assistance to promote reform of sectoral economic policies 
        affecting long-term development in sub-Saharan Africa as 
        described in subsection (c) of this section, with primary 
        emphasis on reform of economic policies to support the critical 
        sectoral priorities described in subsection (i) of this section.

        (B) Protection of vulnerable groups

            Assisted policy reforms shall also include provisions to 
        protect vulnerable groups (especially poor, isolated, and female 
        farmers, the urban poor, and children including displaced 
        children) and long-term environmental interests from possible 
        negative consequences of the reforms.

      (3) Democratization and conflict resolution capabilities

        Assistance under this section may also include program 
    assistance--
            (A) to promote democratization, good governance, and strong 
        civil societies in sub-Saharan Africa; and
            (B) to strengthen conflict resolution capabilities of 
        governmental, intergovernmental, and nongovernmental entities in 
        sub-Saharan Africa.

                        (4) Other assistance

        Funds made available to carry out this section shall be used 
    almost exclusively for assistance in accordance with paragraphs (1), 
    (2), and (3). Assistance consistent with the purpose of subsection 
    (c) of this section may also be furnished under this section to 
    carry out the provisions of sections 2151a through 2151d of this 
    title.

(i) Critical sectoral priorities

    The critical sectoral priorities for long-term development, as 
described in subsection (c) of this section, are the following:

          (1) Agricultural production and natural resources

        (A) Agricultural production

            Increasing agricultural production in ways which protect and 
        restore the natural resource base, especially food production, 
        through agricultural policy changes, agricultural research 
        (including participatory research directly involving small 
        farmers) and extension, development and promotion of agriculture 
        marketing activities, credit facilities, and appropriate 
        production packages, and the construction and improvement of 
        needed production-related infrastructure such as farm-to-market 
        roads, small-scale irrigation, and rural electrification. Within 
        this process, emphasis shall be given to promoting increased 
        equity in rural income distribution, recognizing the role of 
        small farmers.

        (B) Natural resource base

            Maintaining and restoring the renewable natural resource 
        base primarily in ways which increase agricultural production, 
        through the following:
                (i) Small-scale, affordable, resource-conserving, low-
            risk local projects, using appropriate technologies 
            (including traditional agricultural methods) suited to local 
            environmental, resource, and climatic conditions, and 
            featuring close consultation with and involvement of local 
            people at all stages of project design and implementation. 
            Emphasis shall be given to grants for African local 
            government organizations, international or African 
            nongovernmental organizations, and United States private and 
            voluntary organizations.
                (ii) Support for efforts at national and regional levels 
            to provide technical and other support for projects of the 
            kinds described in clause (i) and to strengthen the 
            capacities of African countries to provide effective 
            extension and other services in support of environmentally 
            sustainable increases in food production.
                (iii) Support for special training and education efforts 
            to improve the capacity of countries in sub-Saharan Africa 
            to manage their own environments and natural resources.
                (iv) Support for low-cost desalination activities in 
            order to increase the availability of fresh water sources in 
            sub-Saharan Africa.

                             (2) Health

        Improving health conditions, with special emphasis on meeting 
    the health needs of mothers and children (including displaced 
    children) through the establishment of primary health care systems 
    that give priority to preventive health and that will be ultimately 
    self-sustaining. In addition, providing training and training 
    facilities, in sub-Saharan Africa, for doctors and other health care 
    providers, notwithstanding any provision of law that restricts 
    assistance to foreign countries.

               (3) Voluntary family planning services

        Providing increased access to voluntary family planning 
    services, including encouragement of private, community, and local 
    government initiatives.

                            (4) Education

        Improving the relevance, equity, and efficiency of education, 
    with special emphasis on improving primary education.

                 (5) Income-generating opportunities

        Developing income-generating opportunities for the unemployed 
    and underemployed in urban and rural areas through, among other 
    things, support for off-farm employment opportunities in micro- and 
    small-scale labor-intensive enterprises.

(j) Minimum levels of assistance for certain critical sectors

    The Agency for International Development should target the 
equivalent of 10 percent of the amount authorized to be appropriated for 
each fiscal year to carry out this part for each of the following:
        (1) The activities described in subsection (i)(1)(B) of this 
    section, including identifiable components of agricultural 
    production projects.
        (2) The activities described in subsection (i)(2) of this 
    section.
        (3) The activities described in subsection (i)(3) of this 
    section.

(k) Effective use of assistance

    Assistance provided under this section shall be concentrated in 
countries which will make the most effective use of such assistance in 
order to fulfill the purpose specified in subsection (c) of this 
section, especially those countries (including those of the Sahel 
region) having the greatest need for outside assistance.

(l) Promotion of regional integration

    Assistance under this section shall, to the extent consistent with 
this section, include assistance to promote the regional and subregional 
integration of African production structures, markets, and 
infrastructure.

(m) Donor coordination mechanism

    Funds made available to carry out this section may be used to assist 
the governments of countries in sub-Saharan Africa to increase their 
capacity to participate effectively in donor coordination mechanisms at 
the country, regional, and sector levels.

(n) Relation to other authorities

               (1) Assistance under other authorities

        The authority granted by this section to provide assistance for 
    long-term development in sub-Saharan Africa is not intended to 
    preclude the use of other authorities for that purpose. Centrally 
    funded programs which benefit sub-Saharan Africa shall continue to 
    be funded under part I of this subchapter.

                      (2) Transfer authorities

        (A) The transfer authority contained in section 2151g of this 
    title shall not apply with respect to this section.
        (B) The transfer authority contained in section 2360(a) of this 
    title may not be used to transfer funds made available to carry out 
    this section in order to allow them to be used in carrying out any 
    other provision of this chapter.

                   (3) Reprogramming notifications

        Section 2394-1 of this title does not apply with respect to 
    funds made available to carry out this section.

                (4) Procurement of goods and services

        In order to allow the assistance authorized by this section to 
    be furnished as effectively and expeditiously as possible, section 
    2354(a) of this title, and similar provisions relating to the 
    procurement of goods and services, shall not apply with respect to 
    goods and services procured for use in carrying out this section. 
    The exemption provided by this paragraph shall not be construed to 
    apply to the Comprehensive Anti/Apartheid Act of 1986.

(o) Support for SADCC projects

                 (1) Authority to provide assistance

        To the extent funds are provided for such purpose in the annual 
    Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs 
    Appropriations Act, funds made available to carry out this part may 
    be used to assist sector projects, in the sectors specified in 
    paragraph (2), that are supported by the Southern Africa Development 
    Coordination Conference (SADCC) to enhance the economic development 
    of the member states forming that regional institution.

                             (2) Sectors

        The sectors with respect to which assistance may be provided 
    under this subsection are the following: transportation; manpower 
    development; agriculture and natural resources; energy (including 
    the improved utilization of electrical power sources which already 
    exist in the member states and offer the potential to swiftly reduce 
    the dependence of those states on South Africa for electricity); and 
    industrial development and trade (including private sector 
    initiatives).

            (3) Relation to DFA policies and authorities

        To the maximum extent feasible, the assistance authorized by 
    this subsection shall be provided consistent with the policies and 
    authorities contained in the preceding subsection of this section.

(Pub. L. 87-195, pt. I, Sec. 496, as added Pub. L. 101-513, title V, 
Sec. 562(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2026; amended Pub. L. 106-200, 
title I, Sec. 127(c), May 18, 2000, 114 Stat. 273; Pub. L. 106-264, 
title I, Sec. 111(b), Aug. 19, 2000, 114 Stat. 752.)

                       References in Text

    This chapter, referred to in subsec. (n)(2)(B), was in the original 
``this Act'', meaning Pub. L. 87-195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, as 
amended, known as the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. For complete 
classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out 
under section 2151 of this title and Tables.
    The Comprehensive Anti/Apartheid Act of 1986, referred to in subsec. 
(n)(4), probably means the Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986, 
which is Pub. L. 99-440, Oct. 2, 1986, 100 Stat. 1086, as amended, and 
was classified principally to chapter 60 (Sec. 5001 et seq.) of this 
title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103-149, Sec. 4(a)(1), (2), Nov. 23, 
1993, 107 Stat. 1504, 1505. For complete classification of this Act to 
the Code, see Tables.


                            Prior Provisions

    A prior section 2293, Pub. L. 87-195, pt. I, Sec. 496, as added Pub. 
L. 93-559, Sec. 53, Dec. 30, 1974, 88 Stat. 1818; amended Pub. L. 94-
161, title III, Sec. 314, Dec. 20, 1975, 89 Stat. 866, related to 
economic assistance, etc., to Portugal and Portuguese colonies in Africa 
gaining independence, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 99-83, title XII, 
Sec. 1211(a)(4), Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 279, effective Oct. 1, 1985.


                               Amendments

    2000--Subsec. (h)(3). Pub. L. 106-200, Sec. 127(c)(1)(B), added par. 
(3). Former par. (3) redesignated (4).
    Subsec. (h)(4). Pub. L. 106-200, Sec. 127(c)(1)(A), (2), 
redesignated par. (3) as (4) and substituted ``paragraphs (1), (2), and 
(3)'' for ``paragraphs (1) and (2)'' in first sentence.
    Subsec. (i)(2). Pub. L. 106-264 inserted at end ``In addition, 
providing training and training facilities, in sub-Saharan Africa, for 
doctors and other health care providers, notwithstanding any provision 
of law that restricts assistance to foreign countries.''

                         Delegation of Functions

    For delegation of functions of President under this section, see Ex. 
Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set out as a 
note under section 2381 of this title.


        Agricultural and Rural Development in Sub-Saharan Africa

    Pub. L. 105-385, Sec. 2, Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3460, provided 
that:
    ``(a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
        ``(1) The economic, security, and humanitarian interests of the 
    United States and the nations of sub-Saharan Africa would be 
    enhanced by sustainable, broad-based agricultural and rural 
    development in each of the African nations.
        ``(2) According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, the 
    number of undernourished people in Africa has more than doubled, 
    from approximately 100,000,000 in the late 1960s to 215,000,000 in 
    1998, and is projected to increase to 265,000,000 by the year 2010. 
    According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, the term `under 
    nutrition' means inadequate consumption of nutrients, often 
    adversely affecting children's physical and mental development, 
    undermining their future as productive and creative members of their 
    communities.
        ``(3) Currently, agricultural production in Africa employs about 
    two-thirds of the workforce but produces less than one-fourth of the 
    gross domestic product in sub-Saharan Africa, according to the World 
    Bank Group.
        ``(4) African women produce up to 80 percent of the total food 
    supply in Africa according to the International Food Policy Research 
    Institute.
        ``(5) An effective way to improve conditions of the poor is to 
    increase the productivity of the agricultural sector. Productivity 
    increases can be fostered by increasing research and education in 
    agriculture and rural development.
        ``(6) In November 1996, the World Food Summit set a goal of 
    reducing hunger worldwide by 50 percent by the year 2015 and 
    encouraged national governments to develop domestic food plans and 
    to support international aid efforts.
        ``(7) Although the World Bank Group recently has launched a 
    major initiative to support agricultural and rural development, only 
    10 percent, or $1,200,000,000, of its total lending to sub-Saharan 
    Africa for fiscal years 1993 to 1997 was devoted to agriculture.
        ``(8)(A) United States food processing and agricultural sectors 
    benefit greatly from the liberalization of global trade and 
    increased exports.
        ``(B) Africa represents a growing market for United States food 
    and agricultural products. Africa's food imports are projected to 
    rise from less than 8,000,000 metric tons in 1990 to more than 
    25,000,000 metric tons by the [sic] 2020.
        ``(9)(A) Increased private sector investment in African 
    countries and expanded trade between the United States and Africa 
    can greatly help African countries achieve food self-sufficiency and 
    graduate from dependency on international assistance.
        ``(B) Development assistance, technical assistance, and training 
    can facilitate and encourage commercial development in Africa, such 
    as improving rural roads, agricultural research and extension, and 
    providing access to credit and other resources.
        ``(10)(A) Several United States private voluntary organizations 
    have demonstrated success in empowering Africans through direct 
    business ownership and helping African agricultural producers more 
    efficiently and directly market their products.
        ``(B) Rural business associations, owned and controlled by 
    farmer shareholders, also greatly help agricultural producers to 
    increase their household incomes.
    ``(b) Declaration of Policy.--It is the policy of the United States, 
consistent with title XII of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 
1961 [probably means title XII of chapter 2 of part I of the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961, 22 U.S.C. 2220a et seq.], to support governments 
of sub-Saharan African countries, United States and African 
nongovernmental organizations, universities, businesses, and 
international agencies, to help ensure the availability of basic 
nutrition and economic opportunities for individuals in sub-Saharan 
Africa, through sustainable agriculture and rural development.''
    Pub. L. 105-385, title I, Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3462, provided 
that:
``SEC. 101. AFRICA FOOD SECURITY INITIATIVE.
    ``(a) Additional Requirements in Carrying Out the Initiative.--In 
providing development assistance under the Africa Food Security 
Initiative, or any comparable or successor program, the Administrator of 
the United States Agency for International Development--
        ``(1) shall emphasize programs and projects that improve the 
    food security of infants, young children, school-age children, women 
    and food-insecure households, or that improve the agricultural 
    productivity, incomes, and marketing of the rural poor in Africa;
        ``(2) shall solicit and take into consideration the views and 
    needs of intended beneficiaries and program participants during the 
    selection, planning, implementation, and evaluation phases of 
    projects;
        ``(3) shall favor countries that are implementing reforms of 
    their trade and investment laws and regulations in order to enhance 
    free market development in the food processing and agricultural 
    sectors; and
        ``(4) shall ensure that programs are designed and conducted in 
    cooperation with African and United States organizations and 
    institutions, such as private and voluntary organizations, 
    cooperatives, land-grant and other appropriate universities, and 
    local producer-owned cooperative marketing and buying associations, 
    that have expertise in addressing the needs of the poor, small-scale 
    farmers, entrepreneurs, and rural workers, including women.
    ``(b) Sense of the Congress.--It is the sense of the Congress that, 
if there is an increase in funding for sub-Saharan programs, the 
Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development 
should proportionately increase resources to the Africa Food Security 
Initiative, or any comparable or successor program, for fiscal year 2000 
and subsequent fiscal years in order to meet the needs of the countries 
participating in such Initiative.
``SEC. 102. MICROENTERPRISE ASSISTANCE.
    ``(a) Bilateral Assistance.--In providing microenterprise assistance 
for sub-Saharan Africa, the Administrator of the United States Agency 
for International Development shall, to the extent practicable, use 
credit and microcredit assistance to improve the capacity and efficiency 
of agriculture production in sub-Saharan Africa of small-scale farmers 
and small rural entrepreneurs. In providing assistance, the 
Administrator should use the applied research and technical assistance 
capabilities of United States land-grant universities.
    ``(b) Multilateral Assistance.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Administrator of the United States Agency 
    for International Development shall continue to work with other 
    countries, international organizations (including multilateral 
    development institutions), and entities assisting microenterprises 
    and shall develop a comprehensive and coordinated strategy for 
    providing microenterprise assistance for sub-Saharan Africa.
        ``(2) Additional requirement.--In carrying out paragraph (1), 
    the Administrator should encourage the World Bank Consultative Group 
    to Assist the Poorest to coordinate the strategy described in such 
    paragraph.
``SEC. 103. SUPPORT FOR PRODUCER-OWNED COOPERATIVE MARKETING 
        ASSOCIATIONS.
    ``(a) Purposes.--The purposes of this section are--
        ``(1) to support producer-owned cooperative purchasing and 
    marketing associations in sub-Saharan Africa;
        ``(2) to strengthen the capacity of farmers in sub-Saharan 
    Africa to participate in national and international private markets 
    and to promote rural development in sub-Saharan Africa;
        ``(3) to encourage the efforts of farmers in sub-Saharan Africa 
    to increase their productivity and income through improved access to 
    farm supplies, seasonal credit, technical expertise; and
        ``(4) to support small businesses in sub-Saharan Africa as they 
    grow beyond microenterprises.
    ``(b) Support for Producer-Owned Cooperative Marketing 
Associations.--
        ``(1) Activities.--
            ``(A) In general.--The Administrator of the United States 
        Agency for International Development is authorized to utilize 
        relevant foreign assistance programs and initiatives for sub-
        Saharan Africa to support private producer-owned cooperative 
        marketing associations in sub-Saharan Africa, including rural 
        business associations that are owned and controlled by farmer 
        shareholders.
            ``(B) Additional requirements.--In carrying out subparagraph 
        (A), the Administrator--
                ``(i) shall take into account small-scale farmers, small 
            rural entrepreneurs, and rural workers and communities; and
                ``(ii) shall take into account the local-level 
            perspectives of the rural and urban poor through close 
            consultation with these groups, consistent with section 
            496(e)(1) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 
            2293(e)(1)).
        ``(2) Other activities.--In addition to carrying out paragraph 
    (1), the Administrator is encouraged--
            ``(A) to cooperate with governments of foreign countries, 
        including governments of political subdivisions of such 
        countries, their agricultural research universities, and 
        particularly with United States nongovernmental organizations 
        and United States land-grant universities, that have 
        demonstrated expertise in the development and promotion of 
        successful private producer-owned cooperative marketing 
        associations; and
            ``(B) to facilitate partnerships between United States and 
        African cooperatives and private businesses to enhance the 
        capacity and technical and marketing expertise of business 
        associations in sub-Saharan Africa.
``SEC. 104. AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES OF THE 
        OVERSEAS PRIVATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION.
    ``(a) Purpose.--The purpose of this section is to encourage the 
Overseas Private Investment Corporation to work with United States 
businesses and other United States entities to invest in rural sub-
Saharan Africa, particularly in ways that will develop the capacities of 
small-scale farmers and small rural entrepreneurs, including women, in 
sub-Saharan Africa.
    ``(b) Sense of the Congress.--It is the sense of the Congress that--
        ``(1) the Overseas Private Investment Corporation should 
    exercise its authority under law to undertake an initiative to 
    support private agricultural and rural development in sub-Saharan 
    Africa, including issuing loans, guaranties, and insurance, to 
    support rural development in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly to 
    support intermediary organizations that--
            ``(A) directly serve the needs of small-scale farmers, small 
        rural entrepreneurs, and rural producer-owned cooperative 
        purchasing and marketing associations;
            ``(B) have a clear track-record of support for sound 
        business management practices; and
            ``(C) have demonstrated experience with participatory 
        development methods; and
        ``(2) the Overseas Private Investment Corporation should utilize 
    existing equity funds, loan and insurance funds, to the extent 
    feasible and in accordance with existing contractual obligations, to 
    support agriculture and rural development in sub-Saharan Africa.
``SEC. 105. AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND EXTENSION ACTIVITIES.
    ``(a) Development of Plan.--The Administrator of the United States 
Agency for International Development, in consultation with the Secretary 
of Agriculture and appropriate Department of Agriculture agencies, 
especially the Cooperative State, Research, Education and Extension 
Service (CSREES), shall develop a comprehensive plan to coordinate and 
build on the research and extension activities of United States land-
grant universities, international agricultural research centers, and 
national agricultural research and extension centers in sub-Saharan 
Africa.
    ``(b) Additional Requirements.--Such plan shall seek to ensure 
that--
        ``(1) research and extension activities will respond to the 
    needs of small-scale farmers while developing the potential and 
    skills of researchers, extension agents, farmers, and agribusiness 
    persons in sub-Saharan Africa;
        ``(2) sustainable agricultural methods of farming will be 
    considered together with new technologies in increasing agricultural 
    productivity in sub-Saharan Africa; and
        ``(3) research and extension efforts will focus on sustainable 
    agricultural practices and will be adapted to widely varying 
    climates within sub-Saharan Africa.''


                           Reports to Congress

    Section 562(c) of Pub. L. 101-513 provided that: ``As part of the 
annual Congressional Presentation materials for economic assistance, the 
Administrator of the Agency for International Development shall include 
a description of the progress made during the previous fiscal year in 
carrying out chapter 10 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 
[this part] in three countries in sub-Saharan Africa which represent 
differing economic situations and levels of progress. The description 
shall include--
        ``(1) the nature and extent of consultation to ensure local 
    perspectives, as described in subsections (e)(1) and (f) of section 
    496 [22 U.S.C. 2293(e)(1), (f)];
        ``(2) the degree of involvement of local people in the 
    implementation of projects having a local focus;
        ``(3) the extent to which there has been expansion of the 
    participation and integration of African women in each of the 
    critical sectors specified in section 496(i);
        ``(4) program assistance provided, including the amounts 
    obligated, the criteria used for assisting reforms, and the 
    provisions made pursuant to section 496(h)(2)(B) to protect 
    vulnerable groups from possible negative consequences of the 
    reforms; and
        ``(5) a description of the assistance for the critical sector 
    priorities specified in section 496(i), by sector, including the 
    amounts obligated.''

                  Section Referred to in Other Sections

    This section is referred to in section 2294 of this title.
