
From the U.S. Code Online via GPO Access
[wais.access.gpo.gov]
[Laws in effect as of January 2, 2001]
[Document not affected by Public Laws enacted between
  January 2, 2001 and January 28, 2002]
[CITE: 22USC2373]

 
               TITLE 22--FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
 
                     CHAPTER 32--FOREIGN ASSISTANCE
 
          SUBCHAPTER III--GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS
 
                       Part I--General Provisions
 
Sec. 2373. Eastern Mediterranean policy requirements


(a) Congressional declaration and statement of findings

    The Congress declares that the achievement of a just and lasting 
Cyprus settlement is and will remain a central objective of United 
States foreign policy. The Congress further declares that any action of 
the United States with respect to section 2370(x) \1\ of this title 
shall not signify a lessening of the United States commitment to a just 
solution to the conflict on Cyprus but is authorized in the expectation 
that this action will be conducive to achievement of a Cyprus solution 
and a general improvement in relations among Greece, Turkey, and Cyprus 
and between those countries and the United States. The Congress finds 
that--
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    \1\ See References in Text note below.
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        (1) a just settlement on Cyprus must involve the establishment 
    of a free and independent government on Cyprus and must guarantee 
    that the human rights of all of the people of Cyprus are fully 
    protected;
        (2) a just settlement on Cyprus must include the withdrawal of 
    Turkish military forces from Cyprus;
        (3) the guidelines for inter-communal talks agreed to in Nicosia 
    in February 1977 and the United Nations resolutions regarding Cyprus 
    provide a sound basis for negotiation of a just settlement on 
    Cyprus;
        (4) serious negotiations, under United Nations auspices, will be 
    necessary to achieve agreement on, and implementation of, 
    constitutional and territorial terms within such guidelines; and
        (5) the recent proposals by both Cypriot communities regarding 
    the return of the refugees to the city of New Famagusta (Varosha) 
    constitute a positive step and the United States should actively 
    support the efforts of the Secretary General of the United Nations 
    with respect to this issue.

(b) Governing principles

    United States policy regarding Cyprus, Greece, and Turkey shall be 
directed toward the restoration of a stable and peaceful atmosphere in 
the Eastern Mediterranean region and shall therefore be governed by the 
following principles:
        (1) The United States shall actively support the resolution of 
    differences through negotiations and internationally established 
    peaceful procedures, shall encourage all parties to avoid 
    provocative actions, and shall strongly oppose any attempt to 
    resolve disputes through force or threat of force.
        (2) The United States will accord full support and high priority 
    to efforts, particularly those of the United Nations, to bring about 
    a prompt, peaceful settlement on Cyprus.
        (3) All defense articles furnished by the United States to 
    countries in the Eastern Mediterranean region will be used only in 
    accordance with the requirements of this chapter, the Arms Export 
    Control Act [22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.], and the agreements under which 
    those defense articles were furnished.
        (4) The United States will furnish security assistance for 
    Greece and Turkey only when furnishing that assistance is intended 
    solely for defensive purposes, including when necessary to enable 
    the recipient country to fulfill its responsibilities as a member of 
    the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and shall be designed to 
    ensure that the present balance of military strength among countries 
    of the region, including between Greece and Turkey, is preserved. 
    Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to prohibit the 
    transfer of defense articles to Greece or Turkey for legitimate self 
    defense or to enable Greece or Turkey to fulfill their North 
    Atlantic Treaty Organization obligations.
        (5) The United States shall use its influence to ensure the 
    continuation of the ceasefire on Cyprus until an equitable 
    negotiated settlement is reached.
        (6) The United States shall use its influence to achieve the 
    withdrawal of Turkish military forces from Cyprus in the context of 
    a solution to the Cyprus problem.

(c) Review of policy; report to Congress

    Because progress toward a Cyprus settlement is a high priority of 
United States policy in the Eastern Mediterranean, the President and the 
Congress shall continually review that progress and shall determine 
United States policy in the region accordingly. To facilitate such a 
review the President shall, within 60 days after the date of enactment 
of this section and at the end of each succeeding 60-day period, 
transmit to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the chairman 
of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate a report on progress 
made toward the conclusion of a negotiated solution of the Cyprus 
problem. Such transmissions shall include any relevant reports prepared 
by the Secretary General of the United Nations for the Security Council.

(d) Certification by President to Congress of assistance to Greece and 
        Turkey

    In order to ensure that United States assistance is furnished 
consistent with the policies established in this section, the President 
shall, whenever requesting any funds for security assistance under this 
chapter or the Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.] for 
Greece and Turkey, transmit to the Speaker of the House of 
Representatives and the chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations 
of the Senate his certification, with a full explanation thereof, that 
the furnishing of such assistance will be consistent with the principles 
set forth in subsection (b). The President shall also submit such a 
certification with any notification to the Congress, pursuant to section 
36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 2776(b)], of a proposed 
sale of defense articles or services to Greece or Turkey.

(e) Arms sales agreements to prohibit transfer to Cyprus

    (1) Any agreement for the sale or provision of any article on the 
United States Munitions List (established pursuant to section 38 of the 
Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 2778]) entered into by the United 
States after December 22, 1987, shall expressly state that the article 
is being provided by the United States only with the understanding that 
it will not be transferred to Cyprus or otherwise used to further the 
severance or division of Cyprus.
    (2) The President shall report to Congress any substantial evidence 
that equipment provided under any such agreement has been used in a 
manner inconsistent with the purposes of this subsection.

(Pub. L. 87-195, pt. III, Sec. 620C, as added Pub. L. 95-384, 
Sec. 13(b), Sept. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 737; amended Pub. L. 100-202, 
Sec. 101(e) [title V, Sec. 562], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329-131, 
1329-171.)

                       References in Text

    Section 2370(x) of this title, referred to in subsec. (a), was 
omitted. See Codification note set out under section 2370 of this title.
    This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (b)(3) and (d), was in the 
original ``this Act'', meaning Pub. L. 87-195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 
424, as amended, known as the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. For 
complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note 
set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.
    The Arms Export Control Act, referred to in subsecs. (b)(3) and (d), 
is Pub. L. 90-629, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1320, as amended, which is 
classified principally to chapter 39 (Sec. 2751 et seq.) of this title. 
For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title 
note set out under section 2751 of this title and Tables.


                            Prior Provisions

    Provisions similar to those in subsec. (e) of this section were 
contained in the following appropriation acts:
    Pub. L. 102-391, title V, Sec. 557, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1676.
    Pub. L. 101-513, title V, Sec. 560, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2026.
    Pub. L. 101-167, title V, Sec. 570, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1245.
    Pub. L. 100-461, title V, Sec. 579, Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2268-48.


                               Amendments

    1987--Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 100-202 added subsec. (e).

                         Delegation of Functions

    For delegation of functions of President under this section, see Ex. 
Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set out as a 
note under section 2381 of this title.


       Special Ambassadorial Commission for Cyprus and the Aegean

    Section 101(e) [title V, Sec. 586] of Pub. L. 100-202 provided that:
    ``(a) Findings.--The Congress finds that--
        ``(1) the inability to achieve a just and lasting Cyprus 
    settlement will continue to affect relations among the United States 
    and its close NATO allies, Greece and Turkey, to the detriment of 
    larger, mutually shared, security interests in the Eastern 
    Mediterranean region;
        ``(2) it is of paramount importance that Cyprus, Greece, and 
    Turkey resolve their differences through negotiations and otherwise 
    peaceful procedures, and that the United States should support the 
    resolution of these differences through all the diplomatic means at 
    its disposal;
        ``(3) it is in the national interest of the United States that 
    the President make a significant new diplomatic demarche towards 
    bringing this dispute to a resolution; and
        ``(4) it is also in the national interest of the United States 
    to undertake a diplomatic initiative to promote the peaceful and 
    equitable resolution of differences between Greece and Turkey in the 
    Aegean by fostering a renewed and sustained bilateral dialogue 
    between those countries on such issues as: the delineation of the 
    continental shelf, the definition of the territorial seas, air 
    traffic control over the Aegean, NATO command and control 
    arrangements in the Aegean, and the status of Lemnos and NATO 
    exercises in the Aegean.
    ``(b) Appointment of Special Ambassador.--The President is 
authorized to appoint a special ambassadorial level envoy who shall be 
responsible for representing the United States in direct negotiations 
with the parties to the Cyprus dispute, for representing the United 
States in negotiations through international intermediaries and, 
generally, lending the good offices of the United States to the parties 
in this dispute in order to facilitate a peaceful settlement on Cyprus. 
As agreed to by Greece and Turkey, the special envoy shall also 
represent the United States in promoting mutual discussions between 
those countries concerning their differences on Aegean issues. The 
special ambassador appointed under this section shall have available the 
services of two deputies (one to specialize on the Cyprus question, the 
other on general Aegean issues) and such senior level Department of 
State personnel as may be required by the special ambassador in order to 
carry out his responsibilities.
    ``(c) Report.--Not later than June 1, 1988, the President shall 
submit a report to the Congress describing in detail the activities 
being undertaken by the special ambassador, the progress being made 
toward achievement of a peaceful resolution of the Cyprus dispute, an 
assessment of the obstacles to achievement of such a resolution and of 
the future role of the United States in acheiving [sic] a settlement on 
Cyprus, and an assessment of the progress being made toward resolution 
of issues affecting the Aegean region.
    ``(d) Funding.--Up to $500,000 of the funds appropriated under any 
heading of this Act [Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related 
Programs Appropriations Act, 1988, as enacted by section 101(e) of Pub. 
L. 101-202] which are allocated for Greece and up to $500,000 of the 
funds appropriated under any heading of this Act which are allocated for 
Turkey, may be used by the Department of State for any administrative 
costs associated with the activities of the special ambassador and 
supporting personnel, including transportation, salaries and per diem.''

                  Section Referred to in Other Sections

    This section is referred to in sections 2321j, 2799b of this title.
