
From the U.S. Code Online via GPO Access
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[Laws in effect as of January 2, 2001]
[Document not affected by Public Laws enacted between
  January 2, 2001 and January 28, 2002]
[CITE: 23USC101]

 
                           TITLE 23--HIGHWAYS
 
                     CHAPTER 1--FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAYS
 
                    SUBCHAPTER I--GENERAL PROVISIONS
 
Sec. 101. Definitions and declaration of policy

    (a) Definitions.--In this title, the following definitions apply:
        (1) Apportionment.--The term ``apportionment'' includes 
    unexpended apportionments made under prior authorization laws.
        (2) Carpool project.--The term ``carpool project'' means any 
    project to encourage the use of carpools and vanpools, including 
    provision of carpooling opportunities to the elderly and individuals 
    with disabilities, systems for locating potential riders and 
    informing them of carpool opportunities, acquiring vehicles for 
    carpool use, designating existing highway lanes as preferential 
    carpool highway lanes, providing related traffic control devices, 
    and designating existing facilities for use for preferential parking 
    for carpools.
        (3) Construction.--The term ``construction'' means the 
    supervising, inspecting, actual building, and incurrence of all 
    costs incidental to the construction or reconstruction of a highway, 
    including bond costs and other costs relating to the issuance in 
    accordance with section 122 of bonds or other debt financing 
    instruments and costs incurred by the State in performing Federal-
    aid project related audits that directly benefit the Federal-aid 
    highway program. Such term includes--
            (A) locating, surveying, and mapping (including the 
        establishment of temporary and permanent geodetic markers in 
        accordance with specifications of the National Oceanic and 
        Atmospheric Administration of the Department of Commerce);
            (B) resurfacing, restoration, and rehabilitation;
            (C) acquisition of rights-of-way;
            (D) relocation assistance, acquisition of replacement 
        housing sites, and acquisition and rehabilitation, relocation, 
        and construction of replacement housing;
            (E) elimination of hazards of railway grade crossings;
            (F) elimination of roadside obstacles;
            (G) improvements that directly facilitate and control 
        traffic flow, such as grade separation of intersections, 
        widening of lanes, channelization of traffic, traffic control 
        systems, and passenger loading and unloading areas; and
            (H) capital improvements that directly facilitate an 
        effective vehicle weight enforcement program, such as scales 
        (fixed and portable), scale pits, scale installation, and scale 
        houses.

        (4) County.--The term ``county'' includes corresponding units of 
    government under any other name in States that do not have county 
    organizations and, in those States in which the county government 
    does not have jurisdiction over highways, any local government unit 
    vested with jurisdiction over local highways.
        (5) Federal-aid highway.--The term ``Federal-aid highway'' means 
    a highway eligible for assistance under this chapter other than a 
    highway classified as a local road or rural minor collector.
        (6) Federal-aid system.--The term ``Federal-aid system'' means 
    any of the Federal-aid highway systems described in section 103.
        (7) Federal lands highway.--The term ``Federal lands highway'' 
    means a forest highway, public lands highway, park road, parkway, 
    refuge road, and Indian reservation road that is a public road.
        (8) Forest development roads and trails.--The term ``forest 
    development roads and trails'' means forest roads and trails under 
    the jurisdiction of the Forest Service.
        (9) Forest highway.--The term ``forest highway'' means a forest 
    road under the jurisdiction of, and maintained by, a public 
    authority and open to public travel.
        (10) Forest road or trail.--The term ``forest road or trail'' 
    means a road or trail wholly or partly within, or adjacent to, and 
    serving the National Forest System that is necessary for the 
    protection, administration, and utilization of the National Forest 
    System and the use and development of its resources.
        (11) Highway.--The term ``highway'' includes--
            (A) a road, street, and parkway;
            (B) a right-of-way, bridge, railroad-highway crossing, 
        tunnel, drainage structure, sign, guardrail, and protective 
        structure, in connection with a highway; and
            (C) a portion of any interstate or international bridge or 
        tunnel and the approaches thereto, the cost of which is assumed 
        by a State transportation department, including such facilities 
        as may be required by the United States Customs and Immigration 
        Services in connection with the operation of an international 
        bridge or tunnel.

        (12) Indian reservation road.--The term ``Indian reservation 
    road'' means a public road that is located within or provides access 
    to an Indian reservation or Indian trust land or restricted Indian 
    land that is not subject to fee title alienation without the 
    approval of the Federal Government, or Indian and Alaska Native 
    villages, groups, or communities in which Indians and Alaskan 
    Natives reside, whom the Secretary of the Interior has determined 
    are eligible for services generally available to Indians under 
    Federal laws specifically applicable to Indians.
        (13) Interstate System.--The term ``Interstate System'' means 
    the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense 
    Highways described in section 103(c).
        (14) Maintenance.--The term ``maintenance'' means the 
    preservation of the entire highway, including surface, shoulders, 
    roadsides, structures, and such traffic-control devices as are 
    necessary for safe and efficient utilization of the highway.
        (15) Maintenance area.--The term ``maintenance area'' means an 
    area that was designated as a nonattainment area, but was later 
    redesignated by the Administrator of the Environmental Protection 
    Agency as an attainment area, under section 107(d) of the Clean Air 
    Act (42 U.S.C. 7407(d)).
        (16) National Highway System.--The term ``National Highway 
    System'' means the Federal-aid highway system described in section 
    103(b).
        (17) Operating costs for traffic monitoring, management, and 
    control.--The term ``operating costs for traffic monitoring, 
    management, and control'' includes labor costs, administrative 
    costs, costs of utilities and rent, and other costs associated with 
    the continuous operation of traffic control, such as integrated 
    traffic control systems, incident management programs, and traffic 
    control centers.
        (18) Operational improvement.--The term ``operational 
    improvement''--
            (A) means (i) a capital improvement for installation of 
        traffic surveillance and control equipment, computerized signal 
        systems, motorist information systems, integrated traffic 
        control systems, incident management programs, and 
        transportation demand management facilities, strategies, and 
        programs, and (ii) such other capital improvements to public 
        roads as the Secretary may designate, by regulation; and
            (B) does not include resurfacing, restoring, or 
        rehabilitating improvements, construction of additional lanes, 
        interchanges, and grade separations, and construction of a new 
        facility on a new location.

        (19) Park road.--The term ``park road'' means a public road, 
    including a bridge built primarily for pedestrian use, but with 
    capacity for use by emergency vehicles, that is located within, or 
    provides access to, an area in the National Park System with title 
    and maintenance responsibilities vested in the United States.
        (20) Parkway.--The term ``parkway'', as used in chapter 2 of 
    this title, means a parkway authorized by Act of Congress on lands 
    to which title is vested in the United States.
        (21) Project.--The term ``project'' means an undertaking to 
    construct a particular portion of a highway, or if the context so 
    implies, the particular portion of a highway so constructed or any 
    other undertaking eligible for assistance under this title.
        (22) Project agreement.--The term ``project agreement'' means 
    the formal instrument to be executed by the State transportation 
    department and the Secretary as required by section 106.
        (23) Public authority.--The term ``public authority'' means a 
    Federal, State, county, town, or township, Indian tribe, municipal 
    or other local government or instrumentality with authority to 
    finance, build, operate, or maintain toll or toll-free facilities.
        (24) Public lands development roads and trails.--The term 
    ``public lands development roads and trails'' means those roads and 
    trails that the Secretary of the Interior determines are of primary 
    importance for the development, protection, administration, and 
    utilization of public lands and resources under the control of the 
    Secretary of the Interior.
        (25) Public lands highway.--The term ``public lands highway'' 
    means a forest road under the jurisdiction of and maintained by a 
    public authority and open to public travel or any highway through 
    unappropriated or unreserved public lands, nontaxable Indian lands, 
    or other Federal reservations under the jurisdiction of and 
    maintained by a public authority and open to public travel.
        (26) Public lands highways.--The term ``public lands highways'' 
    means those main highways through unappropriated or unreserved 
    public lands, nontaxable Indian lands, or other Federal 
    reservations, which are on the Federal-aid systems.
        (27) Public road.--The term ``public road'' means any road or 
    street under the jurisdiction of and maintained by a public 
    authority and open to public travel.
        (28) Refuge road.--The term ``refuge road'' means a public road 
    that provides access to or within a unit of the National Wildlife 
    Refuge System and for which title and maintenance responsibility is 
    vested in the United States Government.
        (29) Rural areas.--The term ``rural areas'' means all areas of a 
    State not included in urban areas.
        (30) Safety improvement project.--The term ``safety improvement 
    project'' means a project that corrects or improves high hazard 
    locations, eliminates roadside obstacles, improves highway signing 
    and pavement marking, installs priority control systems for 
    emergency vehicles at signalized intersections, installs or replaces 
    emergency motorist aid call boxes, or installs traffic control or 
    warning devices at locations with high accident potential.
        (31) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means Secretary of 
    Transportation.
        (32) State.--The term ``State'' means any of the 50 States, the 
    District of Columbia, or Puerto Rico.
        (33) State funds.--The term ``State funds'' includes funds 
    raised under the authority of the State or any political or other 
    subdivision thereof, and made available for expenditure under the 
    direct control of the State transportation department.
        (34) State transportation department.--The term ``State 
    transportation department'' means that department, commission, 
    board, or official of any State charged by its laws with the 
    responsibility for highway construction.
        (35) Transportation enhancement activities.--The term 
    ``transportation enhancement activities'' means, with respect to any 
    project or the area to be served by the project, any of the 
    following activities if such activity relates to surface 
    transportation: provision of facilities for pedestrians and 
    bicycles, provision of safety and educational activities for 
    pedestrians and bicyclists, acquisition of scenic easements and 
    scenic or historic sites, scenic or historic highway programs 
    (including the provision of tourist and welcome center facilities), 
    landscaping and other scenic beautification, historic preservation, 
    rehabilitation and operation of historic transportation buildings, 
    structures, or facilities (including historic railroad facilities 
    and canals), preservation of abandoned railway corridors (including 
    the conversion and use thereof for pedestrian or bicycle trails), 
    control and removal of outdoor advertising, archaeological planning 
    and research, environmental mitigation to address water pollution 
    due to highway runoff or reduce vehicle-caused wildlife mortality 
    while maintaining habitat connectivity, and establishment of 
    transportation museums.
        (36) Urban area.--The term ``urban area'' means an urbanized 
    area or, in the case of an urbanized area encompassing more than one 
    State, that part of the urbanized area in each such State, or urban 
    place as designated by the Bureau of the Census having a population 
    of 5,000 or more and not within any urbanized area, within 
    boundaries to be fixed by responsible State and local officials in 
    cooperation with each other, subject to approval by the Secretary. 
    Such boundaries shall encompass, at a minimum, the entire urban 
    place designated by the Bureau of the Census, except in the case of 
    cities in the State of Maine and in the State of New Hampshire.
        (37) Urbanized area.--The term ``urbanized area'' means an area 
    with a population of 50,000 or more designated by the Bureau of the 
    Census, within boundaries to be fixed by responsible State and local 
    officials in cooperation with each other, subject to approval by the 
    Secretary. Such boundaries shall encompass, at a minimum, the entire 
    urbanized area within a State as designated by the Bureau of the 
    Census.

    (b) It is hereby declared to be in the national interest to 
accelerate the construction of the Federal-aid highway systems, 
including The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense 
Highways, since many of such highways, or portions thereof, are in fact 
inadequate to meet the needs of local and interstate commerce, for the 
national and civil defense.
    It is hereby declared that the prompt and early completion of The 
Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways, so named 
because of its primary importance to the national defense and hereafter 
referred to as the ``Interstate System'', is essential to the national 
interest and is one of the most important objectives of this Act. It is 
the intent of Congress that the Interstate System be completed as nearly 
as practicable over the period of availability of the forty years' 
appropriations authorized for the purpose of expediting its 
construction, reconstruction, or improvement, inclusive of necessary 
tunnels and bridges, through the fiscal year ending September 30, 1996, 
under section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 (70 Stat. 
374), and that the entire system in all States be brought to 
simultaneous completion. Insofar as possible in consonance with this 
objective, existing highways located on an interstate route shall be 
used to the extent that such use is practicable, suitable, and feasible, 
it being the intent that local needs, to the extent practicable, 
suitable, and feasible, shall be given equal consideration with the 
needs of interstate commerce.
    It is further declared that since the Interstate System is now in 
the final phase of completion it shall be the national policy that 
increased emphasis be placed on the construction and reconstruction of 
the other Federal-aid systems in accordance with the first paragraph of 
this subsection, in order to bring all of the Federal-aid systems up to 
standards and to increase the safety of these systems to the maximum 
extent.
    (c) It is the sense of Congress that under existing law no part of 
any sums authorized to be appropriated for expenditure upon any Federal-
aid system which has been apportioned pursuant to the provisions of this 
title shall be impounded or withheld from obligation, for purposes and 
projects as provided in this title, by any officer or employee in the 
executive branch of the Federal Government, except such specific sums as 
may be determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, after consultation 
with the Secretary of Transportation, are necessary to be withheld from 
obligation for specific periods of time to assure that sufficient 
amounts will be available in the Highway Trust Fund to defray the 
expenditures which will be required to be made from such fund.
    (d) No funds authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust 
Fund shall be expended by or on behalf of any Federal department, 
agency, or instrumentality other than the Federal Highway Administration 
unless funds for such expenditure are identified and included as a line 
item in an appropriation Act and are to meet obligations of the United 
States heretofore or hereafter incurred under this title attributable to 
the construction of Federal-aid highways or highway planning, research, 
or development, or as otherwise specifically authorized to be 
appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund by Federal-aid highway 
legislation.
    (e) It is the national policy that to the maximum extent possible 
the procedures to be utilized by the Secretary and all other affected 
heads of Federal departments, agencies, and instrumentalities for 
carrying out this title and any other provision of law relating to the 
Federal highway programs shall encourage the substantial minimization of 
paperwork and interagency decision procedures and the best use of 
available manpower and funds so as to prevent needless duplication and 
unnecessary delays at all levels of government.

(Pub. L. 85-767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 885; Pub. L. 86-70, 
Sec. 21(e)(1), June 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 146; Pub. L. 86-624, Sec. 17(a), 
July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 415; Pub. L. 87-866, Sec. 6(a), Oct. 23, 1962, 
76 Stat. 1147; Pub. L. 88-423, Sec. 3, Aug. 13, 1964, 78 Stat. 397; Pub. 
L. 89-574, Sec. 4(a), Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 767; Pub. L. 90-495, 
Secs. 4(a), 8, 15, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 816, 819, 822; Pub. L. 91-
605, title I, Secs. 104(a), 106(a), 107, 117(d), 130, 141, Dec. 31, 
1970, 84 Stat. 1714, 1716, 1718, 1724, 1732, 1737; Pub. L. 93-87, title 
I, Secs. 105, 106(a), 107, 108, 152(1), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 253-255, 
276; Pub. L. 93-643, Sec. 102(b), Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2281; Pub. L. 
94-280, title I, Secs. 107(a), 108, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 430, 431; Pub. 
L. 95-599, title I, Sec. 106, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2693; Pub. L. 97-
424, title I, Secs. 126(c), 159, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2115, 2135; Pub. 
L. 100-17, title I, Secs. 102(b)(3), 108, 109, 133(b)(2), (3), Apr. 2, 
1987, 101 Stat. 135, 146, 171; Pub. L. 101-427, Oct. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 
927; Pub. L. 102-240, title I, Secs. 1001(g), 1005, 1006(g)(1), 1007(c), 
Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1916, 1922, 1927, 1931; Pub. L. 104-59, title 
III, Secs. 301(b), 311(b), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 578, 583; Pub. L. 
105-178, title I, Sec. 1201, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 164.)

                       References in Text

    This Act, referred to in subsec. (b), is Pub. L. 85-767, Aug. 27, 
1958, 72 Stat. 885, as amended, which revised, codified, and reenacted 
this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see 
Tables.
    Section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 (70 Stat. 
374), referred to in subsec. (b), is section 108(b) of act June 29, 
1956, ch. 462, 70 Stat. 378, which is set out below.


                               Amendments

    1998--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105-178 inserted heading and amended text 
of subsec. (a) generally, alphabetizing, numbering, and inserting 
headings for terms defined, inserting definitions of ``maintenance 
area'' and ``refuge road'', and substituting definition of ``State 
transportation department'' for definition of ``State highway 
department''.
    1995--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104-59, Sec. 311(b), in first sentence of 
definition of ``construction'', inserted ``bond costs and other costs 
relating to the issuance in accordance with section 122 of bonds or 
other debt financing instruments,'' after ``highway, including''.
    Pub. L. 104-59, Sec. 301(b)(1), in definition of ``project'', 
inserted before period at end ``or any other undertaking eligible for 
assistance under this title''.
    Pub. L. 104-59, Sec. 301(b)(2), added provision defining ``operating 
costs for traffic monitoring, management, and control'' and struck out 
former provision defining ``startup costs for traffic management and 
control'' which read as follows: ``The term `startup costs for traffic 
management and control' means initial costs (including labor costs, 
administration costs, cost of utilities, and rent) for integrated 
traffic control systems, incident management programs, and traffic 
control centers.''
    1991--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102-240, Sec. 1006(g)(1), added provision 
defining ``Federal-aid highways'' and struck out former provision which 
read as follows: ``The term `Federal-aid highways' means highways 
located on one of the Federal-aid systems described in section 103 of 
this title.''
    Pub. L. 102-240, Sec. 1005(a), in definition of ``highway safety 
improvement project'', inserted ``installs priority control systems for 
emergency vehicles at signalized intersections'' after ``marking,''.
    Pub. L. 102-240, Sec. 1005(d)(3), in definition of ``Indian 
reservation roads'', struck out ``, including roads on the Federal-aid 
systems,'' after ``public roads''.
    Pub. L. 102-240, Sec. 1005(d)(4), in definition of ``park road'', 
inserted ``, including a bridge built primarily for pedestrian use, but 
with capacity for use by emergency vehicles'' before ``that is 
located''.
    Pub. L. 102-240, Sec. 1005(b), inserted provision defining 
``urbanized area'' and struck out former provision which read as 
follows: ``The term `urbanized area' means an area so designated by the 
Bureau of the Census, within boundaries to be fixed by responsible State 
and local officials in cooperation with each other, subject to approval 
by the Secretary. Such boundaries shall, as a minimum, encompass the 
entire urbanized area within a State as designated by the Bureau of the 
Census.''
    Pub. L. 102-240, Sec. 1005(c), inserted provision defining 
``National Highway System'' and struck out former provision defining 
``Federal-aid primary system'' which read as follows: ``The term 
`Federal-aid primary system' means the Federal-aid highway system 
described in subsection (b) of section 103 of this title.''
    Pub. L. 102-240, Sec. 1005(d)(1), (2), struck out provisions 
defining ``Federal-aid secondary system'' and ``Federal-aid urban 
system'' which read as follows:
    ``The term `Federal-aid secondary system' means the Federal-aid 
highway system described in subsection (c) of section 103 of this title.
    ``The term `Federal-aid urban system' means the Federal-aid highway 
system described in subsection (d) of section 103 of this title.''
    Pub. L. 102-240, Sec. 1005(e), in definition of ``Interstate 
System'', inserted ``Dwight D. Eisenhower'' before ``National''.
    Pub. L. 102-240, Sec. 1005(g), inserted provisions defining ``start-
up costs for traffic management and control'', ``carpool project'', 
``public authority'' and ``public lands highway''.
    Pub. L. 102-240, Sec. 1005(f), inserted provision defining 
``operational improvement''.
    Pub. L. 102-240, Sec. 1007(c), inserted provision defining 
``transportation enhancement activities''.
    Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102-240, Sec. 1001(g), substituted ``forty'' 
for ``thirty-seven'' and ``1996'' for ``1993'' in second par.
    1990--Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101-427 substituted ``The Dwight D. 
Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways'' for ``the 
National System of Interstate and Defense Highways'' in first two pars.
    1987--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100-17, Sec. 108, in definition of 
``construction'', inserted ``elimination of roadside obstacles,'' after 
``grade crossings,''.
    Pub. L. 100-17, Sec. 133(b)(2), substituted definition of ``forest 
road or trail'' for ``forest or trail''.
    Pub. L. 100-17, Sec. 109, in definition of ``highway safety 
improvement project'', inserted ``installs or replaces emergency 
motorist-aid call boxes,'' after ``pavement marking,''.
    Pub. L. 100-17, Sec. 133(b)(3), amended definition of ``park road'' 
generally. Prior to amendment, definition read as follows: ``The term 
`park road' means a public road that is located within or provides 
access to an area in the national park system.''
    Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100-17, Sec. 102(b)(3), substituted ``thirty-
seven years' '' for ``thirty-four years' '' and ``1993'' for ``1990'' in 
second par.
    1983--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97-424, Sec. 126(c)(1), substituted 
provision that ``park road'' means a public road that is located within 
or provides access to an area in the national park system, for provision 
that ``park roads and trails'' means those roads or trails, including 
the necessary bridges, located in national parks or monuments, now or 
hereafter established, or in other areas administered by the National 
Park Service of the Department of the Interior (excluding parkways 
authorized by Acts of Congress) and also including approach roads to 
national parks or monuments authorized by the Act of January 31, 1931 
(46 Stat. 1053), as amended.
    Pub. L. 97-424, Sec. 126(c)(2), substituted ``The term `Indian 
reservation roads' means public roads, including roads'' for ``The term 
`Indian reservation roads and bridges' means roads and bridges, 
including roads and bridges'' before ``on the Federal-aid systems''.
    Pub. L. 97-424, Sec. 126(c)(3), inserted provision defining 
``Federal lands highways''.
    Pub. L. 97-424, Sec. 159, in definition of ``construction'', 
inserted provision that it also includes costs incurred by the State in 
performing Federal-aid project related audits which directly benefit the 
Federal-aid highway program.
    1978--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95-599, Sec. 106(a), in definition of 
``construction'' inserted provision relating to capital improvements.
    Pub. L. 95-599, Sec. 106(b)(1), in definition of ``forest road or 
trail'', inserted provisions requiring contingency or service to the 
National Forest System and necessity for the protection, administration, 
and utilization thereof.
    Pub. L. 95-599, Sec. 106(b)(2), defined ``forest development roads 
or trails'' in terms of a forest road or trail under the jurisdiction of 
the Forest Service rather than in terms of a forest road or trail of 
primary importance for the protection, administration, and utilization 
of the national forest or other areas under the jurisdiction of the 
Forest Service.
    Pub. L. 95-599, Sec. 106(b)(3), defined ``forest highway'' in terms 
of a forest road under the jurisdiction of, and maintained by, a public 
authority and open to public travel rather than in terms of a forest 
road which is of primary importance to the States, counties, or 
communities contingent to national forests and which is a Federal-aid 
system.
    Pub. L. 95-599, Sec. 106(b)(4), inserted definition of ``highway 
safety improvement project''.
    1976--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94-280, Sec. 108, defined 
``construction'' to include resurfacing, restoration, and rehabilitation 
and ``urban area'' to exclude cities in the States of Maine and New 
Hampshire and inserted definition of ``public road''.
    Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94-280, Sec. 107(a), substituted provision for 
completion of the Interstate System over a thirty-four year period, 
through the fiscal year ending September 30, 1990, for a prior provision 
for such completion over a twenty-three period, through the fiscal year 
ending June 30, 1979.
    1975--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93-643 defined ``Indian reservation roads 
and bridges'' to include roads and bridges on the Federal-aid systems.
    1973--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93-87, Sec. 105(1), in definition of 
``construction'', substituted ``National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration'' for ``Coast and Geodetic Survey'' and extended 
definition to include improvements which directly facilitate and control 
traffic flow, such as grade separation of intersections, widening of 
lanes, channelization of traffic, traffic control systems, and passenger 
loading and unloading areas.
    Pub. L. 93-87, Sec. 105(3), in definition of ``Indian reservation 
roads and bridges'', substituted ``approval of the Federal Government, 
or Indian and Alaska Native villages, groups, or communities in which 
Indians and Alaskan Natives reside, whom the Secretary of the Interior 
has determined are eligible for services generally available to Indians 
under Federal laws specifically applicable to Indians'' for ``approval 
of the Federal Government on which Indians reside whom the Secretary of 
the Interior has determined to be eligible for services generally 
available to Indians under Federal laws specifically applicable to 
Indians''.
    Pub. L. 93-87, Sec. 152(1), in definition of ``Secretary'', 
substituted ``Secretary of Transportation'' for ``Secretary of 
Commerce''.
    Pub. L. 93-87, Sec. 105(4), in definition of ``urbanized area'', 
provided for boundaries of the ``urbanized area'' to be fixed by 
responsible State and local officials in cooperation with each other, 
subject to approval by the Secretary, and required such boundaries, as a 
minimum, to encompass the entire urbanized area within a State as 
designated by the Bureau of the Census.
    Pub. L. 93-87, Sec. 105(2), in definition of ``urban area'', 
substituted ``an urbanized area or, in the case of an urbanized area 
encompassing more than one State, that part of the urbanized area in 
each such State, or an urban place as designated by the Bureau of the 
Census having a population of five thousand or more and not within any 
urbanized area, within boundaries to be fixed by responsible State and 
local officials in cooperation with each other, subject to approval by 
the Secretary'' for ``an area including and adjacent to a municipality 
or other urban place having a population of five thousand or more, as 
determined by the latest available Federal census, within boundaries to 
be fixed by a State highway department subject to the approval of the 
Secretary'', and required such boundaries, as a minimum, to encompass 
the entire urban place designated by the Bureau of the Census.
    Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93-87, Secs. 106(a), 107, extended time for 
completion of the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, 
substituting in second par. ``twenty-three years'' and ``June 30, 1979'' 
for ``twenty years'' and ``June 30, 1976'', and inserted third par. 
declaratory of national policy, since the Interstate System is now in 
the final phase of completion, that increased emphasis be placed on the 
construction and reconstruction of the other Federal-aid systems in 
accordance with the first par. of subsec. (b), in order to bring all of 
the Federal-aid systems up to standards and to increase the safety of 
these systems to the maximum extent.
    Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 93-87, Sec. 108, added subsec. (e).
    1970--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91-605, Secs. 106(a), 117(d), 130, 141, 
inserted definitions of ``urbanized area'' and ``Federal-aid urban 
system'', substituted ``subsection (e)'' for ``subsection (d)'' in 
definition of ``Interstate System'', included within the costs of 
construction, under the definition of ``construction'', relocation 
assistance, acquisition of replacement housing sites, acquisition, and 
rehabilitation, relocation, and construction of replacement housing, and 
substituted ``acquisition'' for ``costs'' of rights-of-way, broadened 
definition of ``Indian reservation roads and bridges'' to include roads 
and bridges on State controlled Indian reservations, trust lands, and 
restricted Indian lands, a well as roads and bridges on such lands under 
Federal control, and inserted in definitions of ``forest highway'' and 
``public lands highways'' provisions to ensure that these highways be on 
the Federal-aid systems.
    Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91-605, Sec. 104(a), substituted ``twenty 
years'' for ``eighteen years'' and ``June 30, 1976'' for ``June 30, 
1974''.
    Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91-605, Sec. 107, substituted ``any officer or 
employee in the executive branch of the Federal Government'' for ``any 
officer or employee of any department, agency, or instrumentality of the 
executive branch of the Federal Government'' and ``Highway Trust Fund'' 
for ``highway trust fund''.
    Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 91-605, Sec. 107, substituted provisions 
prohibiting expenditure of funds from the Highway Trust Fund by any 
department other than the Federal Highway Administration unless these 
funds are identified and included as a line item in an appropriation Act 
and are to meet obligations incurred under this title attributable to 
the construction of Federal aid highways or for planning, research, or 
development, or as otherwise specifically authorized to be appropriated 
from the Highway Trust Fund by Federal-aid highway legislation for 
provisions expressing essentially the same prohibitions but permitting 
expenditures to meet obligations incurred under this title attributable 
to Federal-aid highways, and contracted for in accordance with the Act 
of March 4, 1915, as amended [section 686 of Title 31, Money and 
Finance], relating to work or services not usually performed by the 
Federal Highway Administration, or relating to the furnishing of 
materials, supplies or equipment, and expenditures specifically 
identified in the budget and included in an appropriation Act.
    1968--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90-495, Sec. 8, inserted ``and other 
areas administered by the Forest Service'' after ``national forests'' 
and ``national forest'' in definitions of ``forest road or trail'' and 
``forest development roads and trails''.
    Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90-495, Sec. 4(a), substituted a reference to 
``eighteen years' appropriation'' for reference to ``sixteen years' 
appropriation'' and substituted ``June 30, 1974'' for ``June 30, 1972''.
    Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 90-495, Sec. 15, added subsecs. (c) and 
(d).
    1966--Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89-574 substituted a reference to 
``sixteen years' appropriation'' for reference to ``fifteen years' 
appropriation'' and substituted ``June 30, 1972'' for ``June 30, 1971''.
    1964--Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 88-423 substituted ``fifteen years'' for 
``thirteen years'' and ``June 30, 1971'' for ``June 30, 1969''.
    1962--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 87-866 inserted definition of ``public 
lands development roads and trails''.
    1960--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86-624 substituted ``fifty States, the 
District of Columbia, or Puerto Rico'' for ``forty-nine States, the 
District of Columbia, Hawaii, or Puerto Rico'' in definition of 
``State''.
    1959--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86-70 substituted ``forty-nine States, 
the District of Columbia, Hawaii'' for ``forty-eight States, the 
District of Columbia, Hawaii, Alaska'' in definition of ``State''.


                    Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

    Pub. L. 105-206, title IX, Sec. 9016, July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 868, 
provided that: ``This title [see Tables for classification] and the 
amendments made by this title shall take effect simultaneously with the 
enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century [Pub. L. 
105-178]. For purposes of all Federal laws, the amendments made by this 
title shall be treated as being included in the Transportation Equity 
Act for the 21st Century at the time of the enactment of such Act [June 
9, 1998], and the provisions of such Act (including the amendments made 
by such Act) (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of 
this Act [July 22, 1998]) that are amended by this title shall be 
treated as not being enacted.''


                    Effective Date of 1991 Amendment

    Amendment by Pub. L. 102-240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable 
to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 
1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated 
or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. 
L. 102-240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.


                    Effective Date of 1970 Amendment

    Section 147 of Pub. L. 91-605 provided that: ``The amendments made 
by section 117 [enacting section 510 of this title, amending this 
section, and renumbering sections 511 and 512 of this title], 120 
[amending provisions set out as a note under section 502 of this title], 
and 137 of this Act [amending section 506 of this title] shall not take 
effect if before the effective date of this Act [Dec. 31, 1970] the 
Uniform Relocation Assistance and Land Acquisition Policies Act of 1970 
has been enacted into law.'' The Uniform Relocation Assistance and Land 
Acquisition Policies Act of 1970, enacted as Pub. L. 91-646, 84 Stat. 
1894, was approved Jan. 2, 1971, whereas this Act (Title I of Pub. L. 
91-605) was approved Dec. 31, 1970, therefore the amendments made by 
sections 117, 120, and 137 of Title I of Pub. L. 91-605 took effect.


                    Effective Date of 1968 Amendment

    Section 37 of Pub. L. 90-495, as amended by Pub. L. 91-605, title I, 
Sec. 120, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1725, provided that:
    ``(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) of this 
section, this Act and the amendments made by this Act [enacting sections 
135, 139, 140, 141, and 501 to 511 of this title, amending this section, 
sections 103, 104, 108, 112, 113, 115, 116, 120, 125, 128, 129, 131, 
135, 136, 138, 205, 319, and 402 of this title, section 636 of Title 15, 
Commerce and Trade, and section 1653 of former Title 49, Transportation, 
repealing section 133 of this title, enacting provisions set out as 
notes under this section and sections 104, 108, 125, 134, 501, 502, and 
510 of this title] shall take effect on the date of its enactment [Aug. 
23, 1968], except that until July 1, 1970, sections 502, 505, 506, 507, 
and 508 of title 23, United States Code, as added by this Act, shall be 
applicable to a State only to the extent that such State is able under 
its laws to comply with such sections. Except as otherwise provided in 
subsection (b) of this section, after July 1, 1970, such sections shall 
be completely applicable to all States. Section 133 of title 23, United 
States Code, shall not apply to any State if sections 502, 505, 506, 
507, and 508 of title 23, United States Code, are applicable in that 
State, and effective July 1, 1970, such section 133 is repealed.
    ``(b) In the case of any State (1) which is required to amend its 
constitution to comply with sections 502, 505, 506, 507, and 508 of 
title 23, United States Code, and (2) which cannot submit the required 
constitutional amendment for ratification prior to July 1, 1970, the 
date of July 1, 1970, contained in subsection (a) of this section shall 
be extended to July 1, 1972.''


                    Effective Date of 1959 Amendment

    Section 21(e) of Pub. L. 86-70 provided that the amendments made by 
that section (amending this section and sections 104, 116, and 120 of 
this title) are effective July 1, 1959.


                     Short Title of 1998 Amendments

    Pub. L. 105-206, title IX, Sec. 9001, July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 834, 
provided that: ``This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited 
as the `TEA 21 Restoration Act'.''
    Pub. L. 105-178, Sec. 1(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 107, provided 
that: ``This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 
`Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century'.''
    Pub. L. 105-178, title I, Sec. 1501, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 241, 
provided that: ``This chapter [chapter 1 (Secs. 1501-1504) of subtitle E 
of title I of Pub. L. 105-178, enacting subchapter II of this chapter, 
amending section 301 of Title 49, Transportation, and enacting 
provisions set out as a note under section 181 of this title] may be 
cited as the `Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act 
of 1998'.''


                      Short Title of 1997 Amendment

    Pub. L. 105-130, Sec. 1, Dec. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 2552, provided 
that: ``This Act [amending sections 104, 321, 326, and 410 of this 
title, sections 9503, 9504, and 9511 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, 
and sections 111, 5309, 5337, 5338, 30308, and 31104 of Title 49, 
Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 104 
of this title and section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set 
out as notes under this section and section 307 of this title] may be 
cited as the `Surface Transportation Extension Act of 1997'.''


                      Short Title of 1995 Amendment

    Section 1(a) of Pub. L. 104-59 provided that: ``This Act [enacting 
section 161 of this title, amending this section, sections 103, 104, 
106, 109, 111, 112, 115, 116, 120, 122, 127, 129, 130, 131, 133, 134, 
141, 144, 149, 152, 153, 217, 303, 306, 307, 323, 409, and 410 of this 
title, sections 1261 and 1262 of Title 16, Conservation, sections 7506 
and 12186 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and sections 5316, 
5331, 20140, 30308, 31112, 31136, 31306, and 45102 of Title 49, 
Transportation, repealing section 154 of this title, enacting provisions 
set out as notes preceding section 101 of this title and under this 
section, sections 104, 109, 130, 141, 153, 154, 307, 309, 401, and 408 
of this title, section 403 of Title 16, section 7511a of Title 42, and 
section 31136 of Title 49, amending provisions set out as notes under 
this section and sections 104, 109, 127, 149, and 307 of this title, and 
repealing provisions set out as notes preceding section 101 of this 
title and under section 112 of this title] may be cited as the `National 
Highway System Designation Act of 1995'.''


                      Short Title of 1987 Amendment

    Section 1(a) of Pub. L. 100-17 provided that: ``This Act [enacting 
sections 151, 156, and 409 of this title, section 508 of Title 33, 
Navigation and Navigable Waters, section 4604 of Title 42, The Public 
Health and Welfare, and sections 1607a-2, 1619, 1620, and 1621 of former 
Title 49, Transportation, amending this section, sections 103, 104, 106, 
109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 
127, 129, 130, 138, 140, 144, 152, 154, 157, 204, 210, 215, 217, 307, 
315, 319, 321, 323, 401, 402, and 408 of this title, section 460l-11 of 
Title 16, Conservation, section 1761 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal 
Procedure, sections 4041, 4051, 4052, 4071, 4081, 4221, 4481, 4482, 
4483, 6156, 6412, 6420, 6421, 6427, and 9503 of Title 26, Internal 
Revenue Code, sections 494 and 1414 of Title 33, sections 4601, 4621, 
4622, 4623, 4624, 4625, 4626, 4630, 4631, 4633, 4636, 4638, 4651, and 
4655 of Title 42, sections 303 and 10922 of Title 49, and sections 1602, 
1603, 1604, 1607, 1607a, 1607a-1, 1607c, 1608, 1612, 1613, 1614, 1617, 
1655, 2311, 2314, and 2716 of former Title 49, repealing sections 211, 
213, 219, and 322 of this title, sections 498a, 498b, 503 to 507, 526, 
526a, 529, and 535d of Title 33, and sections 4634 and 4637 of Title 42, 
enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 103, 
104, 116, 120, 125, 127, 130, 144, 202, 307, 401, and 402 of this title, 
sections 1, 4052, and 4481 of Title 26, section 4601 of Title 42, 
section 10922 of Title 49, and sections 1601, 1602, 1608, and 2204 of 
former Title 49, amending provisions set out as notes under this section 
and sections 103, 104, 130, 141, 144, 146, and 401 of this title, and 
repealing provisions set out as notes under sections 114, 130, and 217 
of this title and section 526a of Title 33] may be cited as the `Surface 
Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act of 1987'.''
    Section 101 of title I of Pub. L. 100-17 provided that: ``This title 
[enacting sections 151, 156, and 409 of this title and section 508 of 
Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters, amending this section, 
sections 103, 104, 106, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 
120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 127, 129, 130, 138, 140, 144, 152, 154, 157, 
204, 210, 215, 217, 307, 315, 319, 321, 323, 401, and 402 of this title, 
section 1761 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, sections 494 
and 1414 of Title 33, section 303 of Title 49, Transportation, and 
sections 1655, 2311, and 2716 of former Title 49, repealing sections 
211, 213, 219, and 322 of this title and sections 498a, 498b, 503 to 
507, 526, 526a, 529, and 535d of Title 33, enacting provisions set out 
as notes under this section and sections 103, 104, 116, 120, 125, 127, 
130, 144, 202, 307, and 402 of this title, amending provisions set out 
as notes under this section and sections 103, 104, 130, 141, 144, and 
146 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as notes under 
sections 114, 130, and 217 of this title and section 526a of Title 33] 
may be cited as the `Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1987'.''


                     Short Title of 1983 Amendments

    Section 1 of Pub. L. 97-424 provided: ``That this Act [enacting 
section 157 of this title, sections 4051 to 4053 and 9503 of Title 26, 
Internal Revenue Code, and sections 1601c, 1607a, 1607a-1, 1617, 1618, 
and 2301 to 2315 of former Title 49, Transportation, amending section 
713c-3 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, sections 460l-11 and 1606a of 
Title 16, Conservation, sections 101, 101 notes, 103, 103 note, 105, 
109, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 122, 125, 127, 130 notes, 
137, 139, 140, 141, 142, 144, 150, 152, 201, 202, 203, 204, 210, 214, 
217, 218, 307, 307 note, 401 note, and 402 of this title, sections 39, 
44E, 46, 48, 103, 165 note, 167, 168, 274, 851, 852, 874, 882, 3304 
note, 3454, 4041, 4061, 4063, 4071, 4081, 4101, 4102, 4221, 4222, 4481, 
4482, 4483, 6049, 6156, 6201, 6206, 6362, 6412, 6416, 6420, 6421, 6427, 
6504, 6675, 7210, 7603, 7604, 7605, 7609, 7610, and 9502 of Title 26, 
section 1414 of Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters, sections 602 
and 1382a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, sections 1474, 
1475, and 1479 of former Title 46, Shipping, section 1273 of Title 46, 
Appendix, sections 10927 note, 11909 and 11914 of Title 49, and sections 
1602, 1603, 1604, 1607c, 1608, 1611, 1612, 1614, 2204, 2205, 2206 of 
former Title 49, repealing sections 101 notes, 104 note, and 206 to 209 
of this title, sections 120 note, 4091 to 4094, and 6424 of Title 26, 
and sections 1602 note, 1604a, 1617, and 1618 of former Title 49, and 
enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 103, 
104, 105, 109, 111, 119, 120, 125, 144, 146, 154, 307, 401, and 408 of 
this title, section 713c-3 of Title 15, sections 1, 39, 46, 165, 274, 
3304, 4041, 4051, 4061, 4071, 4081, 4481, 6012, 6427, and 9503 of Title 
26, section 602 of Title 42, and sections 1601, 1612, and 2315 of former 
Title 49] may be cited as the `Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 
1982'.''
    Section 101 of title I of Pub. L. 97-424 provided that: ``This title 
[enacting section 157 of this title, amending this section and sections 
103, 105, 109, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 122, 125, 127, 
137, 139, 140, 142, 144, 150, 152, 201, 202, 203, 204, 210, 214, 217, 
218, and 307 of this title, repealing sections 101 notes, 104 note, and 
206 to 209 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under 
this section, sections 103, 104, 105, 109, 111, 119, 120, 125, 144, and 
146 of this title, and section 2315 of former Title 49, Transportation] 
may be cited as the `Highway Improvement Act of 1982'.''
    Section 1 of Pub. L. 97-327, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1611, provided: 
``That this Act [amending section 144 of this title, provisions set out 
as notes under this section and section 130 of this title, and enacting 
provisions set out as notes under section 104 of this title] may be 
cited as the `Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1982'.''


                      Short Title of 1981 Amendment

    Pub. L. 97-134, Sec. 13, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1703, provided 
that: ``This Act [amending sections 104, 119, and 139 of this title and 
enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 104 
of this title] may be cited as the `Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1981'.''


                      Short Title of 1978 Amendment

    Section 1 of Pub. L. 95-599 provided: ``That this Act [enacting 
sections 119, 146, and 407 of this title, and sections 1602-1, 1607, 
1614, 1615, 1616, 1617 and 1618 of former Title 49, Transportation, 
amending this section, sections 103, 104, 105, 109, 111, 116, 118, 120, 
122, 124, 125, 129, 131, 134, 141, 144, 148, 151, 152, 154, 155, 215, 
217, 219, 320, 402, and 406 of this title, section 1418 of Title 15, 
Commerce and Trade, section 460l-11 of Title 16, Conservation, sections 
39, 4041, 4061, 4071, 4081, 4481, 4482, 6156, 6412, 6421, 6427, 7210, 
7603, 7604, 7605, 7609, and 7610 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, 
section 201 of Title 40, Appendix, Public Buildings, Property, and 
Works, sections 303, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1607b, 1607c, 1608, 1611, 1612, 
and 1613 of former Title 49, repealing section 153 of this title and 
sections 1607, 1607a, and 1614 of former Title 49, and enacting 
provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 103, 104, 109, 
111, 120, 122, 124, 129, 130, 134, 135, 141, 142, 144, 146, 215, 217, 
307, 320, 401, 402, and 403 of this title, section 6427 of Title 26, 
section 201 of Title 40, Appendix, section 5904 of Title 42, The Public 
Health and Welfare, section 883 of Title 46, Appendix, Shipping, and 
sections 1601, 1602, 1604, 1605, 1612, and 1653 of former Title 49] may 
be cited as the `Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1978'.''
    Section 101 of title I of Pub. L. 95-599 provided that: ``This title 
[enacting sections 119 and 146 of this title, amending this section, 
sections 103, 104, 105, 109, 111, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 125, 129, 
131, 134, 141, 144, 148, 151, 152, 155, 203, 215, 217, 219, 320, and 406 
of this title, and section 201 of Title 40, Appendix, Public Buildings, 
Property and Works, repealing section 153 of this title and provisions 
set out as notes under this section and section 1605 of Title 42, The 
Public Health and Welfare, and enacting provisions set out as notes 
under this section, sections 103, 104, 109, 111, 120, 122, 124, 129, 
130, 134, 135, 141, 142, 144, 146, 217, 307, and 320 of this title, 
section 201 of Title 40, Appendix, section 5904 of Title 42, section 883 
of Title 46, Appendix, Shipping, and section 1653 of former Title 49, 
Transportation] may be cited as the `Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1978'.''
    Section 501 of Pub. L. 95-599 provided that: ``This title [amending 
section 4601-11 of Title 16, Conservation, sections 39, 4041, 4061, 
4071, 4081, 4481, 4482, 6156, 6412, 6421, 6427, 7210, 7603, 7604, and 
7605 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and enacting provisions set out 
as notes under sections 120 and 307 of this title and section 6427 of 
Title 26] may be cited as the `Highway Revenue Act of 1978'.''


                      Short Title of 1976 Amendment

    Pub. L. 94-280, title I, Sec. 101, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 425, 
provided that: ``This title [enacting section 156 of this title, 
amending this section and sections 103, 104, 106, 108, 117, 118, 121, 
125, 127, 129, 131, 135, 138 to 140, 142, 147, 152, 153, 202, 203, 217, 
219, 319, and 320 of this title, repealing sections 146 and 405 of this 
title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 
103, 104, 124, 134, 135, 215, 218, 319, and 320 of this title, and 
section 1605 of former Title 49, Transportation, and amending provisions 
set out as notes under this section, sections 120, 130, and 142 of this 
title, and section 1605 of former Title 49] may be cited as the 
`Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1976'.''


                      Short Title of 1974 Amendment

    Pub. L. 93-643, Sec. 1, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2281, provided: 
``That this Act [enacting sections 141, 154, 155, 219, and 406, amending 
this section and sections 103, 115, 127, 129, 131, 136, 144, 208, 320, 
322, 323, and 405, enacting provisions set out as notes under this 
section, sections 142, 217, and 320, amending provisions set out as 
notes under this section and sections 130 and 142, and repealing 
provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the 
`Federal-Aid Highway Amendments of 1974'.''


                      Short Title of 1973 Amendment

    Pub. L. 93-87, title I, Sec. 101, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 250, 
provided that: ``This title [enacting sections 145 to 150, 217, 218, 
323, and 324 of this title and section 1602a of former Title 49, 
Transportation, amending this section and sections 103 to 105, 108, 109, 
114, 117, 121, 126, 129, 135, 140, 142, 143, 149, 207, 303, 307 to 310, 
312, 314, and 320 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as 
notes under this section, sections 103, 104, 120, 130, 142, 218, 307, 
319, and 320 of this title, and sections 1608 and 1637 of former Title 
49] may be cited as the `Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1973'.''


                      Short Title of 1970 Amendment

    Pub. L. 91-605, title I, Sec. 101, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1713, 
provided that: ``This title [enacting sections 142, 143, 215, 216, 321, 
and 510 of this title, amending this section and sections 103, 104, 105, 
106, 109, 120, 125, 128, 129, 131, 134, 135, 136, 139, 140, 303, 307, 
320, 506, 511, 512 of this title and section 517 of Title 33, Navigation 
and Navigable Waters, and enacting provisions set out as notes under 
this section and sections 104, 120, 129, 131, 134, 215, 216, 303, 307, 
320, and 510 of this title] may be cited as the `Federal-Aid Highway Act 
of 1970'.''


                      Short Title of 1968 Amendment

    Pub. L. 90-495, Sec. 1, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 815, provided that: 
``This Act [enacting sections 135, 139, 140, and 141 of this title, 
amending this section, sections 103, 104, 108, 112, 113, 115, 116, 120, 
125, 128, 129, 131, 135, 136, 138, 205, 319, 402, and 501 to 512 of this 
title, section 636 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, section 1653 of 
former Title 49, Transportation, and provisions set out as a note under 
this section, repealing section 133 of this title and enacting 
provisions formerly set out as notes under this section and sections 
104, 108, 125, 134, 501, 502, and 510 of this title] may be cited as the 
`Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1968'.''


                      Short Title of 1966 Amendment

    Pub. L. 89-574, Sec. 1, Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 766, provided that: 
``This Act [enacting sections 120 and 138 of this title, amending this 
section and sections 104, 109, 118, 120, 125, 131, 136, 302, and 319 of 
this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section 
and sections 106, 108, 125, 133, and 137 of this title] may be cited as 
the `Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1966'.''


                      Short Title of 1965 Amendment

    Pub. L. 89-285, Sec. 403, Oct. 22, 1965, 79 Stat. 1033, provided 
that: ``This Act [enacting sections 136 of this title and provisions set 
out as notes under sections 131 and 135 of this title and amending 
sections 131 and 319 of this title] may be cited as the `Highway 
Beautification Act of 1965'.''


                      Short Title of 1964 Amendment

    Pub. L. 88-423 Sec. 1, Aug. 13, 1964, 78 Stat. 397, provided that: 
``This Act [amending this section and sections 104, 205, 209, and 320 of 
this title] may be cited as the `Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1964'.''


                      Short Title of 1963 Amendment

    Pub. L. 88-157, Sec. 1, Oct. 24, 1963, 77 Stat. 276, provided: 
``That this Act [amending sections 104, 106, 109, 121, 131, and 307 of 
this title] may be cited as the `Federal-Aid Highway Amendments Act of 
1963'.''


                      Short Title of 1962 Amendment

    Pub. L. 87-866, Sec. 1, Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1145, provided that: 
``This Act [enacting sections 133, 134 and 214 of this title, amending 
this section and sections 103, 104, 203, and 307 of this title, and 
enacting provisions set out as a note under section 307 of this title] 
may be cited as the `Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1962'.''


                      Short Title of 1961 Amendment

    Pub. L. 87-61, title I, Sec. 101, June 29, 1961, 75 Stat. 122, 
provided that: ``This Act [enacting section 6156 of Title 26, Internal 
Revenue Code, amending sections 111, 131 and 210 of this title and 
sections 4041, 4061, 4071, 4081, 4218, 4221, 4226, 4481, 4482, 6412, 
6416, 6421, and 6601 of Title 26, enacting provisions set out as notes 
under this section and section 104 of this title and under section 4041 
of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section 
and section 120 of this title] may be cited as the `Federal-Aid Highway 
Act of 1961'.''


                      Short Title of 1960 Amendment

    Pub. L. 86-657, Sec. 1, July 14, 1960, 74 Stat. 522, provided that: 
``This Act [enacting section 132 of this title and amending sections 
104, 114, 120, 129, 203, 205, 210, and 305 of this title] may be cited 
as the `Federal Highway Act of 1960'.''


                      Short Title of 1959 Amendment

    Pub. L. 86-342, title I, Sec. 101, Sept. 21, 1959, 73 Stat. 611, 
provided that: ``This Act [amending sections 125, 131, 137, and 320 of 
this title, and sections 4041, 4081, 4082, 4226, 6412, 6416, and 6421 of 
Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, enacting notes set out under section 
307 of this title and section 4082 of Title 26, and amending notes set 
out under this section and sections 104 and 120 of this title] may be 
cited as the `Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1959'.''


                              Separability

    Section 36 of Pub. L. 90-495 provided that: ``If any provision of 
this Act (including the amendments made by this Act) [enacting sections 
135, 139, 140, 141, and 501-511 of this title, amending this section, 
sections 103, 104, 108, 112, 113, 115, 116, 120, 125, 128, 129, 131, 
135, 136, 138, 205, 319, and 402 of this title, section 636 of Title 15, 
Commerce and Trade, section 1653 of former Title 49, Transportation, and 
provisions set out as a note under this section, repealing section 133 
of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this 
section and sections 104, 108, 125, 134, 501, 502, and 510 of this 
title] or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held 
invalid, the remainder of this Act and the application of the provision 
to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby.''

                          Transfer of Functions

    Functions, powers, and duties of Secretary of Commerce and other 
officers and offices of Department of Commerce under this title and 
under specific related laws and parts of laws set out in the notes in 
this title relating generally to highways and highway and traffic safety 
transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89-
670, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 931, which created Department of 
Transportation. See section 102 of Title 49, Transportation, and Pub. L. 
97-449, Sec. 2, Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2439.


           National Corridor Planning and Development Program

    Pub. L. 105-178, title I, Sec. 1118, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 161, 
provided that:
    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish and implement a 
program to make allocations to States and metropolitan planning 
organizations for coordinated planning, design, and construction of 
corridors of national significance, economic growth, and international 
or interregional trade. A State or metropolitan planning organization 
may apply to the Secretary for allocations under this section.
    ``(b) Eligibility of Corridors.--The Secretary may make allocations 
under this section with respect to--
        ``(1) high priority corridors identified in section 1105(c) of 
    the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 [Pub. 
    L. 102-240, 105 Stat. 2032]; and
        ``(2) any other significant regional or multistate highway 
    corridor not described in whole or in part in paragraph (1) selected 
    by the Secretary after consideration of--
            ``(A) the extent to which the annual volume of commercial 
        vehicle traffic at the border stations or ports of entry of each 
        State--
                ``(i) has increased since the date of enactment of the 
            North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act 
            (Public Law 103-182 [Dec. 8, 1993]); and
                ``(ii) is projected to increase in the future;
            ``(B) the extent to which commercial vehicle traffic in each 
        State--
                ``(i) has increased since the date of enactment of the 
            North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act 
            (Public Law 103-182); and
                ``(ii) is projected to increase in the future;
            ``(C) the extent to which international truck-borne 
        commodities move through each State;
            ``(D) the reduction in commercial and other travel time 
        through a major international gateway or affected port of entry 
        expected as a result of the proposed project including the level 
        of traffic delays at at-grade highway crossings of major rail 
        lines in trade corridors;
            ``(E) the extent of leveraging of Federal funds provided 
        under this subsection, including--
                ``(i) use of innovative financing;
                ``(ii) combination with funding provided under other 
            sections of this Act [see Tables for classification] and 
            title 23, United States Code; and
                ``(iii) combination with other sources of Federal, 
            State, local, or private funding including State, local, and 
            private matching funds;
            ``(F) the value of the cargo carried by commercial vehicle 
        traffic, to the extent that the value of the cargo and 
        congestion impose economic costs on the Nation's economy; and
            ``(G) encourage or facilitate major multistate or regional 
        mobility and economic growth and development in areas 
        underserved by existing highway infrastructure.
    ``(c) Purposes.--Allocations may be made under this section for 1 or 
more of the following purposes:
        ``(1) Feasibility studies.
        ``(2) Comprehensive corridor planning and design activities.
        ``(3) Location and routing studies.
        ``(4) Multistate and intrastate coordination for corridors 
    described in subsection (b).
        ``(5) After review by the Secretary of a development and 
    management plan for the corridor or a usable component thereof under 
    subsection (b)--
            ``(A) environmental review; and
            ``(B) construction.
    ``(d) Corridor Development and Management Plan.--A State or 
metropolitan planning organization receiving an allocation under this 
section shall develop, and submit to the Secretary for review, a 
development and management plan for the corridor or a usable component 
thereof with respect to which the allocation is being made. Such plan 
shall include, at a minimum, the following elements:
        ``(1) A complete and comprehensive analysis of corridor costs 
    and benefits.
        ``(2) A coordinated corridor development plan and schedule, 
    including a timetable for completion of all planning and development 
    activities, environmental reviews and permits, and construction of 
    all segments.
        ``(3) A finance plan, including any innovative financing methods 
    and, if the corridor is a multistate corridor, a State-by-State 
    breakdown of corridor finances.
        ``(4) The results of any environmental reviews and mitigation 
    plans.
        ``(5) The identification of any impediments to the development 
    and construction of the corridor, including any environmental, 
    social, political and economic objections.
In the case of a multistate corridor, the Secretary shall encourage all 
States having jurisdiction over any portion of such corridor to 
participate in the development of such plan.
    ``(e) Applicability of Title 23.--Funds made available by section 
1101 of this Act [set out in part as a note below] to carry out this 
section and section 1119 [set out below] shall be available for 
obligation in the same manner as if such funds were apportioned under 
chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code.
    ``(f) Coordination of Planning.--Planning with respect to a corridor 
under this section shall be coordinated with transportation planning 
being carried out by the States and metropolitan planning organizations 
along the corridor and, to the extent appropriate, with transportation 
planning being carried out by Federal land management agencies, by 
tribal governments, or by government agencies in Mexico or Canada.
    ``(g) State Defined.--In this section, the term `State' has the 
meaning such term has under section 101 of title 23, United States 
Code.''


                Coordinated Border Infrastructure Program

    Pub. L. 105-178, title I, Sec. 1119, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 163, 
provided that:
    ``(a) General Authority.--The Secretary shall establish and 
implement a coordinated border infrastructure program under which the 
Secretary may make allocations to border States and metropolitan 
planning organizations for areas within the boundaries of 1 or more 
border States for projects to improve the safe movement of people and 
goods at or across the border between the United States and Canada and 
the border between the United States and Mexico.
    ``(b) Eligible Uses.--Allocations to States and metropolitan 
planning organizations under this section may only be used in a border 
region for--
        ``(1) improvements to existing transportation and supporting 
    infrastructure that facilitate cross-border vehicle and cargo 
    movements;
        ``(2) construction of highways and related safety and safety 
    enforcement facilities that will facilitate vehicle and cargo 
    movements related to international trade;
        ``(3) operational improvements, including improvements relating 
    to electronic data interchange and use of telecommunications, to 
    expedite cross border vehicle and cargo movement;
        ``(4) modifications to regulatory procedures to expedite cross 
    border vehicle and cargo movements;
        ``(5) international coordination of planning, programming, and 
    border operation with Canada and Mexico relating to expediting cross 
    border vehicle and cargo movements; and
        ``(6) activities of Federal inspection agencies.
    ``(c) Selection Criteria.--The Secretary shall make allocations 
under this section on the basis of--
        ``(1) expected reduction in commercial and other motor vehicle 
    travel time through an international border crossing as a result of 
    the project;
        ``(2) improvements in vehicle and highway safety and cargo 
    security related to motor vehicles crossing a border with Canada or 
    Mexico;
        ``(3) strategies to increase the use of existing, underutilized 
    border crossing facilities and approaches;
        ``(4) leveraging of Federal funds provided under this section, 
    including use of innovative financing, combination of such funds 
    with funding provided under other sections of this Act [see Tables 
    for classification], and combination with other sources of Federal, 
    State, local, or private funding;
        ``(5) degree of multinational involvement in the project and 
    demonstrated coordination with other Federal agencies responsible 
    for the inspection of vehicles, cargo, and persons crossing 
    international borders and their counterpart agencies in Canada and 
    Mexico;
        ``(6) improvements in vehicle and highway safety and cargo 
    security in and through the gateway or affected port of entry 
    concerned;
        ``(7) the degree of demonstrated coordination with Federal 
    inspection agencies;
        ``(8) the extent to which the innovative and problem solving 
    techniques of the proposed project would be applicable to other 
    border stations or ports of entry;
        ``(9) demonstrated local commitment to implement and sustain 
    continuing comprehensive border or affected port of entry planning 
    processes and improvement programs; and
        ``(10) such other factors as the Secretary determines are 
    appropriate to promote border transportation efficiency and safety.
    ``(d) Construction of Transportation Infrastructure for Law 
Enforcement Purposes.--At the request of the Administrator of General 
Services, in consultation with the Attorney General, the Secretary may 
transfer, during the period of fiscal years 1998 through 2001, not more 
than $10,000,000 of the amounts made available by section 1101 [set out 
in part as a note below] to carry out this section and section 1118 [set 
out above] to the Administrator of General Services for the construction 
of transportation infrastructure necessary for law enforcement in border 
States.
    ``(e) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions 
apply:
        ``(1) Border region.--The term `border region' means the portion 
    of a border State in the vicinity of an international border with 
    Canada or Mexico.
        ``(2) Border state.--The term `border State' means any State 
    that has a boundary in common with Canada or Mexico.''


                   Highway Economic Requirement System

    Pub. L. 105-178, title I, Sec. 1213(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 199, 
provided that:
    ``(1) Methodology.--
        ``(A) Evaluation.--The Comptroller General of the United States 
    shall conduct an evaluation of the methodology used by the 
    Department of Transportation to determine highway needs using the 
    highway economic requirement system (in this subsection referred to 
    as the `model').
        ``(B) Required element.--The evaluation shall include an 
    assessment of the extent to which the model estimates an optimal 
    level of highway infrastructure investment, including an assessment 
    as to when the model may be overestimating or underestimating 
    investment requirements.
        ``(C) Report to congress.--Not later than 2 years after the date 
    of enactment of this Act [June 9, 1998], the Comptroller General 
    shall submit to Congress a report on the results of the evaluation.
    ``(2) State investment plans.--
        ``(A) Study.--In consultation with State transportation 
    departments and other appropriate State and local officials, the 
    Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study on 
    the extent to which the model can be used to provide States with 
    useful information for developing State transportation investment 
    plans and State infrastructure investment projections.
        ``(B) Required elements.--The study shall--
            ``(i) identify any additional data that may need to be 
        collected beyond the data submitted, before the date of 
        enactment of this Act, to the Federal Highway Administration 
        through the highway performance monitoring system; and
            ``(ii) identify what additional work, if any, would be 
        required of the Federal Highway Administration and the States to 
        make the model useful at the State level.
        ``(C) Report to congress.--Not later than 3 years after the date 
    of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to 
    Congress a report on the results of the study.''


             Southwest Border Transportation Infrastructure

    Pub. L. 105-178, title I, Sec. 1213(d), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 200, 
provided that:
    ``(1) Assessment.--The Secretary shall conduct a comprehensive 
assessment of the state of the transportation infrastructure on the 
southwest border between the United States and Mexico (in this 
subsection referred to as the `border').
    ``(2) Consultation.--In carrying out the assessment, the Secretary 
shall consult with--
        ``(A) the Secretary of State;
        ``(B) the Attorney General;
        ``(C) the Secretary of the Treasury;
        ``(D) the Commandant of the Coast Guard;
        ``(E) the Administrator of General Services;
        ``(F) the American Commissioner on the International Boundary 
    Commission, United States and Mexico;
        ``(G) State agencies responsible for transportation and law 
    enforcement in border States; and
        ``(H) municipal governments and transportation authorities in 
    sister cities in the border area.
    ``(3) Requirements.--In carrying out the assessment, the Secretary 
shall--
        ``(A) assess the flow of commercial and private traffic through 
    designated ports of entry on the border;
        ``(B) assess the adequacy of transportation infrastructure in 
    the border area, including highways, bridges, railway lines, and 
    border inspection facilities;
        ``(C) assess the adequacy of law enforcement and narcotics 
    abatement activities in the border area, as the activities relate to 
    commercial and private traffic and infrastructure;
        ``(D) assess future demands on transportation infrastructure in 
    the border area; and
        ``(E) make recommendations to facilitate legitimate cross-border 
    traffic in the border area, while maintaining the integrity of the 
    border.
    ``(4) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act [June 9, 1998], the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report 
on the assessment conducted under this subsection, including any related 
legislative and administrative recommendations.''


   Transportation and Community and System Preservation Pilot Program

    Pub. L. 105-178, title I, Sec. 1221, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 221, 
provided that:
    ``(a) Establishment.--In cooperation with appropriate State, 
regional, and local governments, the Secretary shall establish a 
comprehensive initiative to investigate and address the relationships 
between transportation and community and system preservation and 
identify private sector-based initiatives.
    ``(b) Research.--
        ``(1) In general.--In cooperation with appropriate Federal 
    agencies, State, regional, and local governments, and other entities 
    eligible for assistance under subsection (d), the Secretary shall 
    carry out a comprehensive research program to investigate the 
    relationships between transportation, community preservation, and 
    the environment and the role of the private sector in shaping such 
    relationships.
        ``(2) Required elements.--The program shall provide for 
    monitoring and analysis of projects carried out with funds made 
    available to carry out subsections (c) and (d).
    ``(c) Planning.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall allocate funds made 
    available to carry out this subsection to States, metropolitan 
    planning organizations, and local governments to plan, develop, and 
    implement strategies to integrate transportation and community and 
    system preservation plans and practices.
        ``(2) Purposes.--The purposes of the allocations shall be--
            ``(A) to improve the efficiency of the transportation 
        system;
            ``(B) to reduce the impacts of transportation on the 
        environment;
            ``(C) to reduce the need for costly future investments in 
        public infrastructure;
            ``(D) to provide efficient access to jobs, services, and 
        centers of trade; and
            ``(E) to examine development patterns and identify 
        strategies to encourage private sector development patterns 
        which achieve the goals identified in subparagraphs (A) through 
        (D).
        ``(3) Criteria.--In allocating funds made available to carry out 
    this subsection, the Secretary shall give priority to applicants 
    that--
            ``(A) propose projects for funding that address the purposes 
        described in paragraph (2); and
            ``(B) demonstrate a commitment of non-Federal resources to 
        the proposed projects.
        ``(4) Additional criteria.--In addition, the Secretary shall 
    give consideration to applicants that demonstrate a commitment to 
    public and private involvement, including involvement of 
    nontraditional partners in the project team.
    ``(d) Allocation of Funds for Implementation.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall allocate funds made 
    available to carry out this subsection to States, metropolitan 
    planning organizations, and local governments to carry out projects 
    to address transportation efficiency and community and system 
    preservation.
        ``(2) Criteria.--In allocating funds made available to carry out 
    this subsection, the Secretary shall give priority to applicants 
    that--
            ``(A) have instituted preservation or development plans and 
        programs that--
                ``(i) meet the requirements of title 23 and chapter 53 
            of title 49, United States Code; and
                ``(ii)(I) are coordinated with State and local adopted 
            preservation or development plans;
                ``(II) are intended to promote cost-effective and 
            strategic investments in transportation infrastructure that 
            minimize adverse impacts on the environment; or
                ``(III) are intended to promote innovative private 
            sector strategies.
            ``(B) have instituted other policies to integrate 
        transportation and community and system preservation practices, 
        such as--
                ``(i) spending policies that direct funds to high-growth 
            areas;
                ``(ii) urban growth boundaries to guide metropolitan 
            expansion;
                ``(iii) `green corridors' programs that provide access 
            to major highway corridors for areas targeted for efficient 
            and compact development; or
                ``(iv) other similar programs or policies as determined 
            by the Secretary;
            ``(C) have preservation or development policies that include 
        a mechanism for reducing potential impacts of transportation 
        activities on the environment;
            ``(D) examine ways to encourage private sector investments 
        that address the purposes of this section; and
            ``(E) propose projects for funding that address the purposes 
        described in subsection (c)(2).
        ``(3) Equitable distribution.--In allocating funds to carry out 
    this subsection, the Secretary shall ensure the equitable 
    distribution of funds to a diversity of populations and geographic 
    regions.
        ``(4) Use of allocated funds.--
            ``(A) In general.--An allocation of funds made available to 
        carry out this subsection shall be used by the recipient to 
        implement the projects proposed in the application to the 
        Secretary.
            ``(B) Types of projects.--The allocation of funds shall be 
        available for obligation for--
                ``(i) any project eligible for funding under title 23 or 
            chapter 53 of title 49, United States Code; or
                ``(ii) any other activity relating to transportation and 
            community and system preservation that the Secretary 
            determines to be appropriate, including corridor 
            preservation activities that are necessary to implement--
          ``(I) transit-oriented development plans;
          ``(II) traffic calming measures; or
          ``(III) other coordinated transportation and community and 
                system preservation practices.
    ``(e) Funding.--
        ``(1) In general.--There is authorized to be appropriated from 
    the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) to 
    carry out this section $20,000,000 for fiscal year 1999 and 
    $25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2000 through 2003.
        ``(2) Contract authority.--Funds authorized under this 
    subsection shall be available for obligation in the same manner as 
    if the funds were apportioned under chapter 1 of title 23, United 
    States Code.''


              Transportation Assistance for Olympic Cities

    Pub. L. 105-178, title I, Sec. 1223, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 224, as 
amended by Pub. L. 105-206, title IX, Sec. 9003(j), July 22, 1998, 112 
Stat. 842, provided that:
    ``(a) Purpose.--The purpose of this section is to authorize the 
provision of assistance for, and support of, State and local efforts 
concerning surface transportation issues necessary to obtain the 
national recognition and economic benefits of participation in the 
International Olympic movement, the International Paralympic movement, 
and the Special Olympics International movement by hosting international 
quadrennial Olympic and Paralympic events, and Special Olympics 
International events, in the United States.
    ``(b) Priority for Transportation Projects Relating to Olympic, 
Paralympic, and Special Olympic Events.--Notwithstanding any other 
provision of law, from funds available to carry out sections 118(c) and 
144(g)(1) of title 23, United States Code, the Secretary may give 
priority to funding for a transportation project relating to an 
international quadrennial Olympic or Paralympic event, or a Special 
Olympics International event, if--
        ``(1) the project meets the extraordinary needs associated with 
    an international quadrennial Olympic or Paralympic event or a 
    Special Olympics International event; and
        ``(2) the project is otherwise eligible for assistance under 
    sections 118(c) and 144(g)(1) of such title.
    ``(c) Transportation Planning Activities.--The Secretary may 
participate in--
        ``(1) planning activities of States and metropolitan planning 
    organizations and transportation projects relating to an 
    international quadrennial Olympic or Paralympic event, or a Special 
    Olympics International event, under sections 134 and 135 of title 
    23, United States Code; and
        ``(2) developing intermodal transportation plans necessary for 
    the projects in coordination with State and local transportation 
    agencies.
    ``(d) Funding.--Notwithstanding section 5001(a) [112 Stat. 419], 
from funds made available under such section, the Secretary may provide 
assistance for the development of an Olympic, a Paralympic, and a 
Special Olympics transportation management plan in cooperation with an 
Olympic Organizing Committee responsible for hosting, and State and 
local communities affected by, an international quadrennial Olympic or 
Paralympic event or a Special Olympics International event.
    ``(e) Transportation Projects Relating to Olympic, Paralympic, and 
Special Olympic Events.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may provide assistance, 
    including planning, capital, and operating assistance, to States and 
    local governments in carrying out transportation projects relating 
    to an international quadrennial Olympic or Paralympic event or a 
    Special Olympics International event.
        ``(2) Federal share.--The Federal share of the cost of a project 
    assisted under this subsection shall not exceed 80 percent.
    ``(f) Eligible Governments.--A State or local government shall be 
eligible to receive assistance under this section only if the government 
is hosting a venue that is part of an international quadrennial Olympics 
that is officially selected by the International Olympic Committee or 
Special Olympics International.
    ``(g) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit 
Account) to carry out this section such sums as are necessary for each 
of fiscal years 1998 through 2003.''


           Discretionary Grant Selection Criteria and Process

    Pub. L. 105-178, title I, Sec. 1311, as added by Pub. L. 105-206, 
title IX, Sec. 9004(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 842, provided that:
    ``(a) Establishment of Criteria.--The Secretary shall establish 
criteria for all discretionary programs funded from the Highway Trust 
Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account). To the extent practicable, 
such criteria shall conform to the Executive Order No. 12893 [31 U.S.C. 
501 note] (relating to infrastructure investment).
    ``(b) Selection Process.--
        ``(1) Limitation on acceptance of applications.--Before 
    accepting applications for grants under any discretionary program 
    for which funds are authorized to be appropriated from the Highway 
    Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) by this Act [see 
    Tables for classification] (including the amendments made by this 
    Act), the Secretary shall publish the criteria established under 
    subsection (a). Such publication shall identify all statutory 
    criteria and any criteria established by regulation that will apply 
    to the program.
        ``(2) Explanation.--Not less often than quarterly, the Secretary 
    shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the 
    Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the 
    House of Representatives a list of the projects selected under 
    discretionary programs funded from the Highway Trust Fund (other 
    than the Mass Transit Account) and an explanation of how the 
    projects were selected based on the criteria established under 
    subsection (a).
    ``(c) Minimum Covered Programs.--At a minimum, the criteria 
established under subsection (a) and the selection process established 
by subsection (b) shall apply to the following programs:
        ``(1) The intelligent transportation system deployment program 
    under title V [see Tables for classification].
        ``(2) The national corridor planning and development program.
        ``(3) The coordinated border infrastructure and safety program.
        ``(4) The construction of ferry boats and ferry terminal 
    facilities.
        ``(5) The national scenic byways program.
        ``(6) The Interstate discretionary program.
        ``(7) The discretionary bridge program.''


                    Compliance With Buy American Act

    Section 359(c) of Pub. L. 104-59 directed Secretary of 
Transportation to conduct a study on compliance with Buy American Act 
(41 U.S.C. 10a-10c) with respect to contracts entered into using amounts 
made available from Highway Trust Fund and not later than 1 year after 
Nov. 28, 1995, transmit to Congress report on results.


                   Disadvantaged Business Enterprises

    Pub. L. 105-178, title I, Sec. 1101(b), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 113, 
provided that:
    ``(1) General rule.--Except to the extent that the Secretary 
determines otherwise, not less than 10 percent of the amounts made 
available for any program under titles I, III, and V of this Act [see 
Tables for classification] shall be expended with small business 
concerns owned and controlled by socially and economically disadvantaged 
individuals.
    ``(2) Definitions.--In this subsection, the following definitions 
apply:
        ``(A) Small business concern.--The term `small business concern' 
    has the meaning such term has under section 3 of the Small Business 
    Act (15 U.S.C. 632); except that such term shall not include any 
    concern or group of concerns controlled by the same socially and 
    economically disadvantaged individual or individuals which has 
    average annual gross receipts over the preceding 3 fiscal years in 
    excess of $16,600,000, as adjusted by the Secretary for inflation.
        ``(B) Socially and economically disadvantaged individuals.--The 
    term `socially and economically disadvantaged individuals' has the 
    meaning such term has under section 8(d) of the Small Business Act 
    (15 U.S.C. 637(d)) and relevant subcontracting regulations 
    promulgated pursuant thereto; except that women shall be presumed to 
    be socially and economically disadvantaged individuals for purposes 
    of this subsection.
    ``(3) Annual listing of disadvantaged business enterprises.--Each 
State shall annually survey and compile a list of the small business 
concerns referred to in paragraph (1) and the location of such concerns 
in the State and notify the Secretary, in writing, of the percentage of 
such concerns which are controlled by women, by socially and 
economically disadvantaged individuals (other than women), and by 
individuals who are women and are otherwise socially and economically 
disadvantaged individuals.
    ``(4) Uniform certification.--The Secretary shall establish minimum 
uniform criteria for State governments to use in certifying whether a 
concern qualifies for purposes of this subsection. Such minimum uniform 
criteria shall include, but not be limited to on-site visits, personal 
interviews, licenses, analysis of stock ownership, listing of equipment, 
analysis of bonding capacity, listing of work completed, resume of 
principal owners, financial capacity, and type of work preferred.
    ``(5) Compliance with court orders.--Nothing in this subsection 
limits the eligibility of an entity or person to receive funds made 
available under titles I, III, and V of this Act [see Tables for 
classification], if the entity or person is prevented, in whole or in 
part, from complying with paragraph (1) because a Federal court issues a 
final order in which the court finds that the requirement of paragraph 
(1), or the program established under paragraph (1), is 
unconstitutional.
    ``(6) Review by comptroller general.--Not later than 3 years after 
the date of enactment of this Act [June 9, 1998], the Comptroller 
General of the United States shall conduct a review of, and publish and 
report to Congress findings and conclusions on, the impact throughout 
the United States of administering the requirement of paragraph (1), 
including an analysis of--
        ``(A) in the case of small business concerns certified in each 
    State under paragraph (4) as owned and controlled by socially and 
    economically disadvantaged individuals--
            ``(i) the number of the small business concerns; and
            ``(ii) the participation rates of the small business 
        concerns in prime contracts and subcontracts funded under titles 
        I, III, and V of this Act [see Tables for classification];
        ``(B) in the case of small business concerns described in 
    subparagraph (A) that receive prime contracts and subcontracts 
    funded under titles I, III, and V of this Act--
            ``(i) the number of the small business concerns;
            ``(ii) the annual gross receipts of the small business 
        concerns; and
            ``(iii) the net worth of socially and economically 
        disadvantaged individuals that own and control the small 
        business concerns;
        ``(C) in the case of small business concerns described in 
    subparagraph (A) that do not receive prime contracts and 
    subcontracts funded under titles I, III, and V of this Act--
            ``(i) the annual gross receipts of the small business 
        concerns; and
            ``(ii) the net worth of socially and economically 
        disadvantaged individuals that own and control the small 
        business concerns;
        ``(D) in the case of business concerns that receive prime 
    contracts and subcontracts funded under titles I, III, and V of this 
    Act, other than small business concerns described in subparagraph 
    (B)--
            ``(i) the annual gross receipts of the business concerns; 
        and
            ``(ii) the net worth of individuals that own and control the 
        business concerns;
        ``(E) the rate of graduation from any programs carried out to 
    comply with the requirement of paragraph (1) for small business 
    concerns owned and controlled by socially and economically 
    disadvantaged individuals;
        ``(F) the overall cost of administering the requirement of 
    paragraph (1), including administrative costs, certification costs, 
    additional construction costs, and litigation costs;
        ``(G) any discrimination on the basis of race, color, national 
    origin, or sex against small business concerns owned and controlled 
    by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals;
        ``(H)(i) any other factors limiting the ability of small 
    business concerns owned and controlled by socially and economically 
    disadvantaged individuals to compete for prime contracts and 
    subcontracts funded under titles I, III, and V of this Act; and
        ``(ii) the extent to which any of those factors are caused, in 
    whole or in part, by discrimination based on race, color, national 
    origin, or sex;
        ``(I) any discrimination, on the basis of race, color, national 
    origin, or sex, against construction companies owned and controlled 
    by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals in public and 
    private transportation contracting and the financial, credit, 
    insurance, and bond markets;
        ``(J) the impact on small business concerns owned and controlled 
    by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals of--
            ``(i) the issuance of a final order described in paragraph 
        (5) by a Federal court that suspends a program established under 
        paragraph (1); or
            ``(ii) the repeal or suspension of State or local 
        disadvantaged business enterprise programs; and
        ``(K) the impact of the requirement of paragraph (1), and any 
    program carried out to comply with paragraph (1), on competition and 
    the creation of jobs, including the creation of jobs for socially 
    and economically disadvantaged individuals.''
    Similar provisions were contained in the following prior acts:
    Pub. L. 102-240, title I, Sec. 1003(b), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 
1919.
    Pub. L. 100-17, title I, Sec. 106(c), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 145.


                    Highway Use Tax Evasion Projects

    Pub. L. 102-240, title I, Sec. 1040, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1992, 
as amended by Pub. L. 104-59, title III, Sec. 325(f), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 
Stat. 592; Pub. L. 104-66, title I, Sec. 1122(b), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 
Stat. 725; Pub. L. 105-130, Sec. 5(c)(1), Dec. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 2557, 
related to highway use tax evasion projects, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 
105-178, title I, Sec. 1114(b)(2), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 154. See 
section 143 of this title.


                          Scenic Byways Program

    Section 1047 of Pub. L. 102-240, as amended by Pub. L. 105-130, 
Sec. 5(c)(2), Dec. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 2557, provided that:
    ``(a) Scenic Byways Advisory Committee.--
        ``(1) Establishment.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
    the enactment of this Act [Dec. 18, 1991], the Secretary shall 
    establish in the Department of Transportation an advisory committee 
    to assist the Secretary with respect to establishment of a national 
    scenic byways program under title 23, United States Code.
        ``(2) Membership.--The advisory committee established under this 
    section shall be composed of 17 members as follows:
            ``(A) The Administrator of the Federal Highway 
        Administration or the designee of the Administrator who shall 
        serve as chairman of the advisory committee.
            ``(B) The Chief of the Forest Service of the Department of 
        Agriculture or the designee of the Chief.
            ``(C) The Director of the National Park Service of the 
        Department of the Interior or the designee of the Director.
            ``(D) The Director of the Bureau of Land Management of the 
        Department of the Interior or the designee of the Director.
            ``(E) The Under Secretary for Travel and Tourism of the 
        Department of Commerce or the designee of the Under Secretary.
            ``(F) The Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs of the 
        Department of the Interior or the designee of the Assistant 
        Secretary.
            ``(G) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary who is 
        specially qualified to represent the interests of 
        conservationists on the advisory committee.
            ``(H) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary of 
        Transportation who is specially qualified to represent the 
        interests of recreational users of scenic byways on the advisory 
        committee.
            ``(I) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary who is 
        specially qualified to represent the interests of the tourism 
        industry on the advisory committee.
            ``(J) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary who is 
        specially qualified to represent the interests of historic 
        preservationists on the advisory committee.
            ``(K) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary who is 
        specially qualified to represent the interests of highway users 
        on the advisory committee.
            ``(L) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary to represent 
        State highway and transportation officials.
            ``(M) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary to represent 
        local highway and transportation officials.
            ``(N) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary who is 
        specially qualified to serve on the advisory committee as a 
        planner.
            ``(O) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary who is 
        specially qualified to represent the motoring public.
            ``(P) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary who is 
        specially qualified to represent groups interested in scenic 
        preservation.
            ``(Q) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary who represents 
        the outdoor advertising industry.
    Individuals appointed as members of the advisory committee under 
    subparagraphs (G) through (P) may be State and local government 
    officials. Members shall serve without compensation other than for 
    reasonable expenses incident to functions of the advisory committee.
        ``(3) Functions.--The advisory committee established under this 
    subsection shall develop and make to the Secretary recommendations 
    regarding minimum criteria for use by State and Federal agencies in 
    designating highways as scenic byways and as all-American roads for 
    purposes of a national scenic byways program to be established under 
    title 23, United States Code. Such recommendations shall include 
    recommendations on the following:
            ``(A) Consideration of the scenic beauty and historic 
        significance of highways proposed for designation as scenic 
        byways and all-American roads and the areas surrounding such 
        highways.
            ``(B) Operation and management standards for highways 
        designated as scenic byways and all-American roads, including 
        strategies for maintaining or improving the qualities for which 
        a highway is designated as a scenic byway or all-American road, 
        for protecting and enhancing the landscape and view corridors 
        surrounding such a highway, and for minimizing traffic 
        congestion on such a highway.
            ``(C)(i) Standards for scenic byway-related signs, including 
        those which identify highways as scenic byways and all-American 
        roads.
            ``(ii) The advisability of uniform signs identifying 
        highways as components of the scenic byway system.
            ``(D) Standards for maintaining highway safety on the scenic 
        byway system.
            ``(E) Design review procedures for location of highway 
        facilities, landscaping, and travelers' facilities on the scenic 
        byway system.
            ``(F) Procedures for reviewing and terminating the 
        designation of a highway designated as a scenic byway.
            ``(G) Such other matters as the advisory committee may deem 
        appropriate.
            ``(H) Such other matters for which the Secretary may request 
        recommendations.
        ``(4) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of the 
    enactment of this Act [Dec. 18, 1991], the advisory committee 
    established under this section shall submit to the Secretary and 
    Congress a report containing the recommendations described in 
    paragraph (3).
    ``(b) Technical and Financial Assistance.--The Secretary shall 
provide technical assistance to the States (as such term is defined 
under section 101 of title 23, United States Code) and shall make grants 
to the States for the planning, design, and development of State scenic 
byway programs.
    ``(c) Federal Share.--The Federal share payable for the costs of 
planning, design, and development of State scenic byway programs under 
this section shall be 80 percent.
    ``(d) Funding.--There shall be available to the Secretary for 
carrying out this section (other than subsection (f)), out of the 
Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account), $1,000,000 for 
fiscal year 1992, $3,000,000 for fiscal year 1993, $4,000,000 for fiscal 
year 1994, $14,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1995, 1996, and 
1997, and $7,000,000 for the period of October 1, 1997, through March 
31, 1998. Such sums shall remain available until expended.
    ``(e) Contract Authority.--Notwithstanding any other provision of 
law, approval by the Secretary of a grant under this section shall be 
deemed a contractual obligation of the United States for payment of the 
Federal share of the cost of activities for which the grant is being 
made.
    ``(f) Interim Scenic Byways Program.--
        ``(1) Grant program.--During fiscal years 1992, 1993, and 1994, 
    the Secretary may make grants to any State which has a scenic 
    highway program for carrying out eligible projects on highways which 
    the State has designated as scenic byways.
        ``(2) Priority projects.--In making grants under paragraph (1), 
    the Secretary shall give priority to--
            ``(A) those eligible projects which are included in a 
        corridor management plan for maintaining scenic, historic, 
        recreational, cultural, and archeological characteristics of the 
        corridor while providing for accommodation of increased tourism 
        and development of related amenities;
            ``(B) those eligible projects for which a strong local 
        commitment is demonstrated for implementing the management plans 
        and protecting the characteristics for which the highway is 
        likely to be designated as a scenic byway;
            ``(C) those eligible projects which are included in programs 
        which can serve as models for other States to follow when 
        establishing and designing scenic byways on an intrastate or 
        interstate basis; and
            ``(D) those eligible projects in multi-State corridors where 
        the States submit joint applications.
        ``(3) Eligible projects.--The following are projects which are 
    eligible for Federal assistance under this subsection:
            ``(A) Planning, design, and development of State scenic 
        byway programs.
            ``(B) Making safety improvements to a highway designated as 
        a scenic byway under this subsection to the extent such 
        improvements are necessary to accommodate increased traffic, and 
        changes in the types of vehicles using the highway, due to such 
        designation.
            ``(C) Construction along the highway of facilities for the 
        use of pedestrians and bicyclists, rest areas, turnouts, highway 
        shoulder improvements, passing lanes, overlooks, and 
        interpretive facilities.
            ``(D) Improvements to the highway which will enhance access 
        to an area for the purpose of recreation, including water-
        related recreation.
            ``(E) Protecting historical and cultural resources in areas 
        adjacent to the highway.
            ``(F) Developing and providing tourist information to the 
        public, including interpretive information about the scenic 
        byway.
        ``(4) Federal share.--The Federal share payable for the costs of 
    carrying out projects and developing programs under this subsection 
    with funds made available pursuant to this subsection shall be 80 
    percent.
        ``(5) Funding.--There shall be available to the Secretary for 
    carrying out this subsection, out of the Highway Trust Fund (other 
    than the Mass Transit Account), $10,000,000 for fiscal year 1992, 
    $10,000,000 for fiscal year 1993, and $10,000,000 for fiscal year 
    1994. Such sums shall remain available until expended.
    ``(g) Limitation.--The Secretary shall not make a grant under this 
section for any project which would not protect the scenic, historic, 
recreational, cultural, natural, and archeological integrity of the 
highway and adjacent area. The Secretary may not use more than 10 
percent of the funds authorized for each fiscal year under subsection 
(f)(5) for removal of any outdoor advertising sign, display, or device.
    ``(h) Treatment of Scenic Highways in Oregon.--For purposes of this 
section, a highway designated as a scenic highway in the State of Oregon 
shall be treated as a scenic byway.''


 Commemoration of Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense 
                                Highways

    Section 6012 of Pub. L. 102-240 provided that:
    ``(a) Study.--The Secretary shall conduct a study to determine an 
appropriate symbol or emblem to be placed on highway signs referring to 
the Interstate System to commemorate the vision of President Dwight D. 
Eisenhower in creating the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of 
Interstate and Defense Highways [now Dwight D. Eisenhower System of 
Interstate and Defense Highways].
    ``(b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment 
of this Act [Dec. 18, 1991], the Secretary shall transmit to Congress a 
report on the results of the study under this section.''


Designation of National System of Interstate and Defense Highways as The 
     Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways

    Pub. L. 101-427, Oct. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 927, provided: ``That--
        ``(a) notwithstanding any other provision of law, The National 
    System of Interstate and Defense Highways shall be redesignated as 
    `The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense 
    Highways'; and
        ``(b) any reference before the date of enactment of this Act 
    [Oct. 15, 1990] in any provision of law, regulation, map, sign, or 
    otherwise to The National System of Interstate and Defense Highways 
    shall be deemed to refer, on and after such date, to The Dwight D. 
    Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways.''


                    Signs Identifying Funding Sources

    Section 154 of Pub. L. 100-17 provided that: ``If a State has a 
practice of erecting on projects under actual construction without 
Federal-aid highway assistance signs which indicate the source or 
sources of any funds used to carry out such projects, such State shall 
erect on all projects under actual construction with any funds made 
available out of the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit 
Account) signs which are visible to highway users and which indicate 
each governmental source of funds being used to carry out such federally 
assisted projects and the amount of funds being made available by each 
such source.''


    Eligibility for Federal-Aid Highway Funds of Projects Involving 
Improvements in Vicinity of Interchanges Necessary To Upgrade Safety of 
      Primary Routes Not on Common Alignment With Interstate Route

    Section 128 of Pub. L. 97-424 provided that: ``In any case where a 
project involving a Federal-aid primary route not on the Interstate 
System, and a route on the Interstate System which was originally 
constructed without the expenditure of any funds authorized under 
section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, as amended [set 
out as a note below], and was subsequently added to the Interstate 
System, both occupying a common alignment and having elements which have 
been approved in concept by the Secretary of Transportation as part of a 
project providing for the upgrading of an interchange on such Interstate 
route, the cost of improvements in the vicinity of the interchange 
necessary to upgrade the safety of that part of such Federal-aid primary 
route not on a common alignment with such Interstate route in an 
environmentally acceptable manner shall be eligible for the expenditure 
of funds authorized by such section 108(b).''


   Study of Future Transportation Professional Manpower Needs; Report

    Section 135 of Pub. L. 97-424 provided that: ``The Secretary of 
Transportation shall undertake to enter into appropriate arrangements 
with the National Academy of Sciences' Transportation Research Board to 
conduct a comprehensive study and investigation of future transportation 
professional manpower needs, including but not limited to prevailing 
methods of recruitment, training, and financial and other incentives and 
disincentives which encourage or discourage retention in service of such 
professional manpower by Federal, State, and local governments. In 
entering into any arrangement with the National Academy of Sciences for 
conducting such study and investigation, the Secretary shall request the 
National Academy of Sciences to report to the Secretary and the Congress 
not later than two years after the enactment of this Act [Jan. 6, 1983] 
on the results of such study and investigation, together with its 
recommendations. The Secretary shall furnish to the Academy at its 
request any information which the Academy deems necessary for the 
purpose of conducting the study and investigation authorized by this 
section.''


                Change in Location of Interstate Segments

    Section 139 of Pub. L. 97-424, as amended by Pub. L. 100-457, title 
III, Sec. 348, Sept. 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 2156, provided that:
    ``(a) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 4(b) of the Federal-
Aid Highway Act of 1981 [section 4(b) of Pub. L. 97-134, which amended 
section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, set out as a note 
under this section] the Secretary of Transportation may approve a change 
in location of any Interstate route or segment and approve, in lieu 
thereof, the construction of such Interstate route or segment on a new 
location if the original location of such route or segment meets the 
following criteria: (1) it has been designated under section 103(e) of 
title 23, United States Code; (2) it is serving Interstate travel as of 
the date of enactment of this section [Jan. 6, 1983]; (3) it requires 
improvements which are eligible under the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 
1981 [see Short Title of 1981 Amendments note above] and which would 
either involve major modifications in order to meet acceptable standards 
or result in severe environmental impacts and such major modifications 
or mitigation measures relating to the environmental impacts are not 
cost effective. The cost of the construction of such Interstate route or 
segment on new location with funds available under section 108(b) of the 
Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, as amended [set out as a note below], 
shall not exceed the estimated cost of the eligible improvements on the 
original location as eligible under the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1981 
and included in the 1983 interstate cost estimate as approved by the 
Congress. Such cost shall be increased or decreased, as determined by 
the Secretary, based on changes in construction costs of the original 
location of the route or segment as of the date of approval of each 
project on the new location. Upon approval of a new location, and funds 
apportioned under section 104(b)(5)(A) of title 23, United States Code, 
which were expended on the route or segment in the original location 
shall be refunded to the Highway Trust Fund and credited to the 
unobligated balance of the State's apportionment made under section 
104(b)(5)(A) of title 23, United States Code, and other eligible 
Federal-aid highway funds may be substituted in lieu thereof at the 
appropriate Federal share.
    ``(b) Where the Secretary of Transportation approves a relocation of 
an Interstate route or segment under the provisions of subsection (a) of 
this section, such route or segment shall not be eligible for withdrawal 
under the provisions of section 103(e)(4) of title 23, United States 
Code, and shall be subject to the Interstate System completion deadlines 
provided in subsections (d) and (e) of section 107 of the Surface 
Transportation Assistance Act of 1978 [section 107(d), (e) of Pub. L. 
95-599, set out as a note under section 103 of this title] or subject to 
Interstate System completion deadlines as may be determined by Congress.
    ``(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section or of any 
other provision of law, any project involving the relocation of any 
Interstate route or segment that is approved by the Secretary of 
Transportation under subsection (a) shall be eligible for discretionary 
funds made available under section 118(b)(2)(B) of title 23, United 
States Code.''


                               Buy America

    Section 165 of Pub. L. 97-424, as amended by Pub. L. 98-229, 
Sec. 10, Mar. 9, 1984, 98 Stat. 57; Pub. L. 100-17, title I, 
Secs. 133(a)(6), 337(a)(1), (b), (c), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 171, 241; 
Pub. L. 102-240, title I, Sec. 1048, title III, Sec. 3003(b), Dec. 18, 
1991, 105 Stat. 1999, 2088; Pub. L. 103-272, Sec. 4(r), July 5, 1994, 
108 Stat. 1371; Pub. L. 103-429, Sec. 7(a)(3)(E), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 
Stat. 4389, provided that:
    ``(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of 
Transportation shall not obligate any funds authorized to be 
appropriated by this Act or by any Act amended by this Act [see Short 
Title of 1983 Amendment note above] or, after the date of enactment of 
this Act [Jan. 6, 1983], any funds authorized to be appropriated to 
carry out this Act, title 23, United States Code, or the Surface 
Transportation Assistance Act of 1978 [see Short Title of 1978 Amendment 
note above] and administered by the Department of Transportation, unless 
steel, iron, and manufactured products used in such project are produced 
in the United States.
    ``(b) The provisions of subsection (a) of this section shall not 
apply where the Secretary finds--
        ``(1) that their application would be inconsistent with the 
    public interest;
        ``(2) that such materials and products are not produced in the 
    United States in sufficient and reasonably available quantities and 
    of a satisfactory quality; or
        ``(3) [Repealed. Pub. L. 103-272, Sec. 4(r)(2), July 5, 1994, 
    108 Stat. 1371.]
        ``(4) that inclusion of domestic material will increase the cost 
    of the overall project contract by more than 25 percent.
    ``(c) For purposes of this section, in calculating components' 
costs, labor costs involved in final assembly shall not be included in 
the calculation.
    ``(d) The Secretary of Transportation shall not impose any 
limitation or condition on assistance provided under this Act [see Short 
Title of 1983 Amendment note above], the Surface Transportation 
Assistance Act of 1978 [see Short Title of 1978 Amendment note above] or 
title 23, United States Code, which restricts any State from imposing 
more stringent requirements than this section on the use of articles, 
materials, and supplies mined, produced, or manufactured in foreign 
countries in projects carried out with such assistance or restricts any 
recipient of such assistance from complying with such State imposed 
requirements.
    ``(e) [Repealed section 401 of Pub. L. 95-599, set out below.]
    ``(e) Report on Waivers.--By January 1, 1995, the Secretary shall 
submit to Congress a report on the purchases from foreign entities 
waived under subsection (b) in fiscal years 1992 and 1993, indicating 
the dollar value of items for which waivers were granted under 
subsection (b).
    ``(f) Intentional Violations.--If it has been determined by a court 
or Federal agency that any person intentionally--
        ``(1) affixed a label bearing a `Made in America' inscription, 
    or any inscription with the same meaning, to any product used in 
    projects to which this section applies, sold in or shipped to the 
    United States that was not made in the United States; or
        ``(2) represented that any product used in projects to which 
    this section applies, sold in or shipped to the United States that 
    was not produced in the United States, was produced in the United 
    States;
that person shall be ineligible to receive any contract or subcontract 
made with funds authorized under the Intermodal Surface Transportation 
Efficiency Act of 1991 [Pub. L. 102-240, see Short Title of 1991 
Amendment note set out under section 101 of Title 49, Transportation] 
pursuant to the debarment, suspension, and ineligibility procedures in 
subpart 9.4 of chapter 1 of title 48, Code of Federal Regulations.
    ``(g) Limitation on Applicability of Waivers to Products Produced in 
Certain Foreign Countries.--If the Secretary, in consultation with the 
United States Trade Representative, determines that--
        ``(1) a foreign country is a party to an agreement with the 
    United States and pursuant to that agreement the head of an agency 
    of the United States has waived the requirements of this section, 
    and
        ``(2) the foreign country has violated the terms of the 
    agreement by discriminating against products covered by this section 
    that are produced in the United States and are covered by the 
    agreement,
the provisions of subsection (b) shall not apply to products produced in 
that foreign country.''
    [Section 337(a) of Pub. L. 100-17 provided that:
    ``(1)(A) Effective October 1, 1989, section 165(b)(3) of the Surface 
Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 [section 165(b)(3) of Pub. L. 97-
424, set out above] is amended by striking out `50' and inserting in 
lieu thereof `55'.
    ``(B) Effective October 1, 1991, section 165(b)(3) of the Surface 
Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 is amended by striking out `55' 
and inserting in lieu thereof `60'.
    ``(2)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the amendments made 
by subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1) shall apply only to 
contracts entered into on or after their respective effective dates.
    ``(B) The amendments made by paragraph (1) shall not apply with 
respect to any supplier or contractor or any successor in interest or 
assignee which qualified under the provisions of section 165(b)(3) of 
the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 prior to the date of 
enactment of this Act [Apr. 2, 1987] under a contract entered into prior 
to April 1, 1992.'']
    [Section 337(d) of Pub. L. 100-17 provided that: ``The amendments 
made by subsections (b) and (c) of this section [amending section 165 of 
Pub. L. 97-424, set out above] shall not apply to any contract awarded 
pursuant to bids which were outstanding on the date of enactment of this 
Act [Apr. 2, 1987].'']


         Use of Articles Mined or Manufactured in United States

    Pub. L. 95-599, title IV, Sec. 401, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2756, as 
amended by Pub. L. 97-327, Sec. 6, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1613, which 
required that articles, materials, and supplies used in projects 
administered by Department of Transportation be mined or produced in 
United States, was repealed by Pub. L. 97-424, title I, Sec. 165(e), 
Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2137.


   Intercity Portions of Interstate System; Construction of Projects; 
                      Report to Congress; Exemption

    Section 102(b) of Pub. L. 94-280 provided that at least 30 percent 
of the apportionment made to each State for each of the fiscal years 
ending Sept. 30, 1978, and Sept. 30, 1979, of the sums authorized in 
section 102(a) of Pub. L. 94-280 be expended by such State for projects 
for the construction of intercity portions which would close essential 
gaps in the Interstate System and provide a continuous System; that the 
Secretary of Transportation report to Congress before Oct. 1, 1976, on 
those intercity portions of the Interstate System the construction of 
which would be needed to close essential gaps in the System; and that a 
State which did not have sufficient projects to meet the 30 percent 
requirement would, upon approval of the Secretary of Transportation, be 
exempt from the requirement to the extent of such inability.


 Interstate System; Prohibition of Obligation of Funds for Resurfacing, 
                 Restoration, or Rehabilitation Projects

    Section 102(c) of Pub. L. 94-280 provided that no part of the funds 
authorized by section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, as 
amended [set out as a note below], for the Interstate System, shall be 
obligated for any project for resurfacing, restoring, or rehabilitating 
any portion of the Interstate System.


    Interstate Funding Study; Report and Recommendations to Congress

    Section 150 of Pub. L. 94-280 directed Secretary of Transportation 
to undertake a complete study of the financing of completion of the 
Interstate Highway System and report to Congress within nine months the 
results of the study, and to submit to Congress within one year his 
recommendations regarding the need to provide Federal financial 
assistance for resurfacing, restoration, and rehabilitation of routes of 
the System together with results of a study of alternative means of 
assuring that the high level of transportation service provided by the 
System is maintained.


   Study of Highway Needs To Solve Energy Problems; Investigation and 
                        Study; Report to Congress

    Section 153 of Pub. L. 94-280 directed Secretary of Transportation 
to make an investigation and study for the purpose of determining the 
need for special Federal assistance in the construction or 
reconstruction of highways on the Federal-aid system necessary for the 
transportation of coal or other uses in order to promote the solution of 
the Nation's energy problems; that such study include appropriate 
consultations with the Secretary of the Interior, the Administrator of 
the Federal Energy Administration, and other appropriate Federal and 
State officials; that the Secretary report the results of such 
investigation and study together with his recommendations, to the 
Congress not later than one year after May 5, 1976; and that, in order 
to carry out the study, the Secretary use such funds as were available 
to him for such purposes under section 104(a) of this title.


    National Transportation Policy Study Commission; Establishment; 
                            Termination; Etc.

    Section 154 of Pub. L. 94-280, as amended by Pub. L. 95-599, title 
I, Sec. 137(a), (b)(1), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2710, established 
National Transportation Policy Study Commission; directed Commission, 
not later than July 1, 1979, to make an investigation and study and 
report to the President and Congress on the transportation needs and the 
resources, requirements, and policies of the United States to meet such 
expected needs; and provided for the Commission to terminate six months 
after the report.


           Consent of Governing Body for Expenditure of Funds

    Section 102(d) of Pub. L. 93-643 provided that no funds appropriated 
under the expanded definition of this section [23 U.S.C. 101(a)] shall 
be expended without the formal consent of the governing body of the 
tribe band or group of Indians or Alaskan Natives for whose use the 
Indian reservation roads and bridges are intended.''


     Carpool Demonstration Projects in Urban Areas; Appropriations 
                              Authorization

    Section 120(b) of Pub. L. 93-643, relating to grants for 
demonstration projects designed to encourage the use of carpools in 
urban areas, was repealed by Pub. L. 95-599, title I, Sec. 126(b), Nov. 
6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2706. See section 146 of this title.


                  Emergency Highway Energy Conservation

    Pub. L. 93-239, Secs. 1-3, Jan. 2, 1974, 87 Stat. 1046, 1047, as 
amended by Pub. L. 93-643, Secs. 114(c), 120(a), Jan. 4, 1975, 83 Stat. 
2286, 2289; Pub. L. 94-280, title I, Sec. 143, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 
445; Pub. L. 95-599, title I, Sec. 126(b), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2706, 
provided:
    ``[Section 1. Short title]. That this Act be cited as the `Emergency 
Highway Energy Conservation Act'.
    ``Sec. 2. [Repealed. Pub. L. 93-643, Sec. 114(c), Jan. 4, 1975, 88 
Stat. 2086.]
    ``Sec. 3. [Repealed. Pub. L. 95-599, title I, Sec. 126(b), Nov. 6, 
1978, 92 Stat. 2706.]''
    Section 4 of Pub. L. 93-239 amended section 601(d) of Federal 
Aviation Act of 1958, as amended [section 1421(d) of former Title 49, 
Transportation], relating to emergency locator transmitters.


                Future Highway Needs: Reports to Congress

    Section 121 of Pub. L. 91-605 provided that:
    ``(a) The Secretary of Transportation shall develop and include in 
the report of Congress required to be submitted in January 1972, by 
section 3 of the Act of August 28, 1965 (79 Stat. 578; Public Law 89-
139) [set out below], specific recommendations for the functional 
realinement of the Federal-aid systems. These recommendations shall be 
based on the functional classification study made in cooperation with 
the State highway departments and local governments as required by the 
Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1968 [see section 17 of Pub. L. 90-495, set 
out as a note below] and submitted to the Congress in 1970, and the 
functional classification study now underway of the Federal-aid systems 
in 1990.
    ``(b) As a part of the future highway needs report to be submitted 
to Congress in January 1972, the Secretary shall also make 
recommendations to the Congress for a continuing Federal-aid highway 
program for the period 1976 to 1990. The needs estimates to be used in 
developing such programs shall be in conformance with the functional 
classification studies referred to in subsection (a) of this section and 
the recommendations for the functional realinement required by such 
subsection.
    ``(c) The recommendations required by subsections (a) and (b) of 
this section shall be determined on the basis of studies now being 
conducted by the Secretary in cooperation with the State highway 
departments and local governments, and, in urban areas of more than 
fifty thousand population, utilizing the cooperative continuing 
comprehensive transportation planning process conducted in accordance 
with section 134 of title 23, United States Code. The highway needs 
estimates prepared by the States in connection with this report to 
Congress shall be submitted to Congress by the Secretary, together with 
his recommendations.
    ``(d) As a part of the future highway needs report to be submitted 
to Congress on January 1972, the Secretary shall report to Congress the 
Federal-aid urban system as designated, and the cost of its 
construction.''
    Pub. L. 89-139, Sec. 3, Aug. 28, 1965, 79 Stat. 578, which had 
required the submitting of a report to Congress every second year as to 
the estimates of the future highway needs of the Nation, and Pub. L. 90-
495, Sec. 17, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 823, which had required that the 
report include the results of a systematic nationwide functional highway 
classification study, were repealed by Pub. L. 97-424, title I, 
Sec. 160(b), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2135.


  Studies of Need for and Survey of Highway Construction Programs for 
              Guam, American Samoa, and the Virgin Islands

    Pub. L. 90-495, Sec. 29, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 830, directed the 
Secretary of Transportation, in cooperation with the government of Guam, 
the government of American Samoa, and the government of the Virgin 
Islands, to make studies of the need for, and estimates and planning 
surveys relative to, highway construction programs for Guam, American 
Samoa, and the Virgin Islands, and to submit a report to Congress on or 
before April 1, 1969.
    Pub. L. 89-574, Sec. 13, Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 770, as amended by 
Pub. L. 97-449, Sec. 2(a), Jan. 2, 1983, 96 Stat. 2439, directed the 
Secretary, in cooperation with the government of Guam, the government of 
American Samoa, and the government of the Virgin Islands to make studies 
of the need for, and estimates and planning surveys relative to, highway 
construction programs for Guam, American Samoa, and the Virgin Islands, 
and to submit a report to Congress on or before July 1, 1967.


           Report and Recommendations of Secretary of Commerce

    Section 5 of Pub. L. 85-767 directed Secretary of Commerce to submit 
to Congress not later than Feb. 1, 1959, a report on progress made in 
attaining objectives set forth in this section, together with 
recommendations.


          Section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956

    Section 108(b) of act June 29, 1956, ch. 462, title I, 70 Stat. 378, 
as amended by Pub. L. 85-381, Sec. 7(a), Apr. 16, 1958, 72 Stat. 93; 
Pub. L. 86-342, title I, Sec. 102, Sept. 21, 1959, 73 Stat. 611; Pub. L. 
87-61, title I Sec. 103, June 29, 1961, 75 Stat. 122; Pub. L. 89-139, 
Sec. 1, Aug. 28, 1965, 79 Stat. 578; Pub. L. 89-574, Sec. 2, Sept. 13, 
1966, 80 Stat. 766; Pub. L. 90-495, Sec. 2, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 815; 
Pub. L. 91-605 title I, Secs. 102, 106(b)(1), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 
1714, 1716; Pub. L. 93-87, title I, Sec. 102, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 
250; Pub. L. 94-280, title I, Sec. 102(a), May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 425; 
Pub. L. 95-599, title I, Sec. 102, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2689; Pub. L. 
97-134, Sec. 4(a), (b), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1700; Pub. L. 97-327, 
Sec. 2, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1611; Pub. L. 97-424, title I, 
Secs. 102, 127(a), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2097, 2117; Pub. L. 100-17, 
title I, Secs. 104, 138, Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 142, 175; Pub. L. 102-
240, title I, Sec. 1001(f), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1916; Pub. L. 103-
331, title III, Sec. 335(c), Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2494, provided 
that: ``For the purpose of expediting the construction, reconstruction, 
or improvement, inclusive of necessary bridges and tunnels, of the 
Interstate System, including extensions thereof through urban areas, 
designated in accordance with the provisions of subsection (e) of 
section 103 of title 23, United States Code, there is hereby authorized 
to be appropriated the additional sum of $1,000,000,000 for the fiscal 
year ending June 30, 1957, which sum shall be in addition to the 
authorization heretofore made for that year, the additional sum of 
$1,700,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1958, the additional 
sum of $2,200,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1959, the 
additional sum of $2,500,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 
1960, the additional sum of $1,800,000,000 for the fiscal year ending 
June 30, 1961, the additional sum of $2,200,000,000 for the fiscal year 
ending June 30, 1962, the additional sum of $2,400,000,000 for the 
fiscal year ending June 30, 1963, the additional sum of $2,600,000,000 
for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1964, the additional sum of 
$2,700,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1965, the additional 
sum of $2,800,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1966, the 
additional sum of $3,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 
1967, the additional sum of $3,400,000,000 for the fiscal year ending 
June 30, 1968, the additional sum of $3,800,000,000 for the fiscal year 
ending June 30, 1969, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the 
fiscal year ending June 30, 1970, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 
for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1971, the additional sum of 
$4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1972, the additional 
sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1973, the 
additional sum of $2,600,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 
1974, the additional sum of $3,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending 
June 30, 1975, the additional sum of $3,000,000,000 for the fiscal year 
ending June 30, 1976, the additional sum of $3,250,000,000 for the 
fiscal year ending June 30, 1977, the additional sum of $3,250,000,000 
for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1978, the additional sum of 
$3,250,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1979, the 
additional sum of $3,250,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 
30, 1980, the additional sum of $3,500,000,000 for the fiscal year 
ending September 30, 1981, the additional sum of $3,500,000,000 for the 
fiscal year ending September 30, 1982, the additional sum of 
$3,100,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1983, the 
additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 
30, 1984, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year 
ending September 30, 1985, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the 
fiscal year ending September 30, 1986, the additional sum of 
$4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1987, the 
additional sum of $3,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 
30, 1988, the additional sum of $3,150,000,000 for the fiscal year 
ending September 30, 1989, the additional sum of $3,150,000,000 for the 
fiscal year ending September 30, 1990, the additional sum of 
$3,150,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1991, the 
additional sum of $3,150,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 
30, 1992, the additional sum of $1,800,000,000 for the fiscal year 
ending September 30, 1993, the additional sum of $1,800,000,000 for the 
fiscal year ending September 30, 1994, the additional sum of 
$1,800,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1995, and the 
additional sum of $1,800,000,000, reduced by the amount made available 
under section 1045(b)(1)(B) of the Intermodal Surface Transportation 
Efficiency Act of 1991 [Pub. L. 102-240, as amended by Pub. L. 103-331, 
title III, Sec. 335(a), Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2494, which is not 
classified to the Code], for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1996. 
Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to authorize the 
appropriation of any sums to carry out sections 131, 136, or 319(b) of 
title 23, United States Code, or any provision of law relating to 
highway safety enacted after May 1, 1966. Beginning with funds 
authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 1980, no such funds shall 
be available for projects to expand or clear zones immediately adjacent 
to the paved roadway of routes designed prior to February, 1967. 
Effective on and after the date of enactment of this sentence [Dec. 29, 
1981], the obligation of funds authorized by this subsection, except for 
advance construction interstate projects approved before the date of 
enactment of this sentence, shall be limited to the construction 
necessary to provide a minimum level of acceptable service on the 
Interstate System which shall consist of (1) full access control; (2) a 
pavement design to accommodate the types and volumes of traffic 
anticipated for the twenty-year period from date of authorization of the 
initial basic construction contract; (3) essential environmental 
requirements; (4) a design of not more than six lanes (exclusive of high 
occupancy vehicle lanes) in rural areas and all urbanized areas under 
four hundred thousand population, and up to eight lanes (exclusive of 
high occupancy vehicle lanes) in urbanized areas of four hundred 
thousand population or more as shown in the 1980 Federal census; and (5) 
those high occupancy vehicle lanes (including approaches and all 
directly related facilities) included in the interstate cost estimate 
for fiscal year 1981. The obligation of funds authorized by this 
subsection shall be further limited to the actual costs of only those 
design concepts, locations, geometrics, and other construction features 
included in the 1981 interstate cost estimate, except in any case where 
the Secretary of Transportation determines that a provision of Federal 
law requires a different design, location, geometric, or other 
construction feature of a type authorized by this subsection. 
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, including any other 
provision of this subsection, where a project is to be constructed (1) 
to provide parking garage ramps in conjunction with high occupancy 
vehicle lanes which flow into a distributor system emptying directly 
into ramps for off-street parking with preferential parking for 
carpools, vanpools, and buses and the ramps are part of an environmental 
mitigation effort and are designed to feed into an aerial walkway 
system, or (2) to provide a parking lot near the terminus of an 
Interstate System spur route which radiates from an Interstate System 
beltway which will be used as an intermodal transfer facility for a 
light rail transit project to be constructed in the median of the spur 
route and the parking lot is part of an environmental mitigation effort, 
or (3) to provide a parking garage and associated facilities as part of 
an intermodal transfer facility with a transit system near or within an 
Interstate System route right-of-way which will have direct and indirect 
access to the facility by way of local streets and the parking garage 
and associated facilities are part of an environmental mitigation 
effort, or (4) to provide for the comprehensive upgrading of existing 
high occupancy vehicle lanes, new ramps and parking facilities at mass 
transit intermodal transfer points on an existing Interstate System 
route which has temporary high occupancy vehicle lanes in the median and 
the parking facilities and ramps are part of an environmental mitigation 
effort, the costs of such parking garage ramps, parking lots, parking 
garages, associated interchange ramps, high occupancy vehicle lanes, and 
other associated work eligible under title 23, United States Code, shall 
be eligible for funds authorized by this subsection as if the costs for 
these projects were included in the 1981 interstate cost estimate and 
shall be included as eligible projects in any future interstate cost 
estimate. For purposes of this subsection, construction necessary to 
provide a minimum level of acceptable service on the Interstate System 
shall include, but not be limited to, any construction on the Interstate 
System which is required under a court order issued before the date of 
enactment of this sentence. Notwithstanding the fifth sentence of this 
subsection, the costs of a project which will upgrade an interstate 
route and will complete a gap on the Interstate System providing access 
to an international airport and which was described as the preferred 
alternative in a final environmental impact statement submitted to the 
Secretary of Transportation on September 30, 1983, shall be eligible for 
funds authorized by this subsection as if such costs were included in 
the 1981 interstate cost estimate and shall be included as eligible 
costs in any future interstate cost estimate, except that (1) such costs 
may be further developed in the design and environmental process under 
normal Federal-aid interstate procedures, and (2) the amount of such 
costs shall not include the portion of the project between High Street 
and Causeway Street.''
    Section 127(b) of Pub. L. 97-424 provided that: ``Notwithstanding 
the provisions of section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, 
as amended [set out above], the Secretary of Transportation may approve 
the expenditure of funds authorized under such section for the 
construction of a previously approved project which provides for 
improvements to and reconstruction of ramps and service roads which are 
being developed as part of a roadway system to relieve a severely 
congested segment on an Interstate route. Such expenditures shall be 
limited (1) to work necessary to provide more effective and safe 
operation of such Interstate route, and (2) to a section of an 
Interstate route which proceeded to construction contract prior to the 
date of enactment of such Act and which Interstate route, together with 
service roads, was constructed without the expenditure of any funds 
authorized by such section.''


         Definitions of ``Interstate System'' and ``Secretary''

    Pub. L. 105-178, Sec. 2, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 111, provided that: 
``In this Act [see Tables for classification], the following definitions 
apply:
        ``(1) Interstate system.--The term `Interstate System' has the 
    meaning such term has under section 101 of title 23, United States 
    Code.
        ``(2) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary of 
    Transportation.''


                         Definition of ``State''

    Pub. L. 105-178, title I, Sec. 1103(n), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 127, 
as amended by Pub. L. 105-206, title IX, Sec. 9002(c)(2), July 22, 1998, 
112 Stat. 835, provided that: ``For the purposes of apportioning funds 
under sections 104, 105, 144, and 206 of title 23, United States Code, 
the term `State' means any of the 50 States and the District of 
Columbia.''


                       Definition of ``Secretary''

    Section 2 of Pub. L. 104-59 provided that: ``In this Act [See Short 
Title of 1995 Amendment note above], the term `Secretary' means the 
Secretary of Transportation.''
    Section 2 of Pub. L. 100-17 provided that: ``As used in this Act 
[see Short Title of 1987 Amendment note above], the term `Secretary' 
means the Secretary of Transportation.''

                  Section Referred to in Other Sections

    This section is referred to in section 181 of this title; title 16 
sections 460l-6a, 460lll, 3911; title 49 sections 104, 5308, 47107.
