
From the U.S. Code Online via GPO Access
[wais.access.gpo.gov]
[Laws in effect as of January 2, 2001]
[Document affected by Public Law 106-553 Section 1(a)(2)[305(b)]]
[Document affected by Public Law 106-553 Section 1(a)(2)[305(a)]]
[CITE: 28USC133]

 
               TITLE 28--JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE
 
                     PART I--ORGANIZATION OF COURTS
 
                       CHAPTER 5--DISTRICT COURTS
 
Sec. 133. Appointment and number of district judges

    (a) The President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent 
of the Senate, district judges for the several judicial districts, as 
follows:


                           Districts                             Judges

Alabama:
  Northern....................................................       7
  Middle......................................................       3
  Southern....................................................       3
Alaska........................................................       3
Arizona.......................................................      12
Arkansas:
  Eastern.....................................................       5
  Western.....................................................       3
California:
  Northern....................................................      14
  Eastern.....................................................       6
  Central.....................................................      27
  Southern....................................................       8
Colorado......................................................       7
Connecticut...................................................       8
Delaware......................................................       4
District of Columbia..........................................      15
Florida:
  Northern....................................................       4
  Middle......................................................      15
  Southern....................................................      17
Georgia:
  Northern....................................................      11
  Middle......................................................       4
  Southern....................................................       3
Hawaii........................................................       3
Idaho.........................................................       2
Illinois:
  Northern....................................................      22
  Central.....................................................       3
  Southern....................................................       3
Indiana:
  Northern....................................................       5
  Southern....................................................       5
Iowa:
  Northern....................................................       2
  Southern....................................................       3
Kansas........................................................       5
Kentucky:
  Eastern.....................................................       5
  Western.....................................................       4
  Eastern and Western.........................................       1
Louisiana:
  Eastern.....................................................      12
  Middle......................................................       3
  Western.....................................................       7
Maine.........................................................       3
Maryland......................................................      10
Massachusetts.................................................      13
Michigan:
  Eastern.....................................................      15
  Western.....................................................       4
Minnesota.....................................................       7
Mississippi:
  Northern....................................................       3
  Southern....................................................       6
Missouri:
  Eastern.....................................................       6
  Western.....................................................       5
  Eastern and Western.........................................       2
Montana.......................................................       3
Nebraska......................................................       3
Nevada........................................................       7
New Hampshire.................................................       3
New Jersey....................................................      17
New Mexico....................................................       6
New York:
  Northern....................................................       4
  Southern....................................................      28
  Eastern.....................................................      15
  Western.....................................................       4
North Carolina:
  Eastern.....................................................       4
  Middle......................................................       4
  Western.....................................................       3
North Dakota..................................................       2
Ohio:
  Northern....................................................      11
  Southern....................................................       8
Oklahoma:
  Northern....................................................       3
  Eastern.....................................................       1
  Western.....................................................       6
  Northern, Eastern, and Western..............................       1
Oregon........................................................       6
Pennsylvania:
  Eastern.....................................................      22
  Middle......................................................       6
  Western.....................................................      10
Puerto Rico...................................................       7
Rhode Island..................................................       3
South Carolina................................................      10
South Dakota..................................................       3
Tennessee:
  Eastern.....................................................       5
  Middle......................................................       4
  Western.....................................................       5
Texas:
  Northern....................................................      12
  Southern....................................................      19
  Eastern.....................................................       7
  Western.....................................................      11
Utah..........................................................       5
Vermont.......................................................       2
Virginia:
  Eastern.....................................................      10
  Western.....................................................       4
Washington:
  Eastern.....................................................       4
  Western.....................................................       7
West Virginia:
  Northern....................................................       3
  Southern....................................................       5
Wisconsin:
  Eastern.....................................................       5
  Western.....................................................       2
Wyoming.......................................................        3.


    (b)(1) In any case in which a judge of the United States (other than 
a senior judge) assumes the duties of a full-time office of Federal 
judicial administration, the President shall appoint, by and with the 
advice and consent of the Senate, an additional judge for the court on 
which such judge serves. If the judge who assumes the duties of such 
full-time office leaves that office and resumes the duties as an active 
judge of the court, then the President shall not appoint a judge to fill 
the first vacancy which occurs thereafter in that court.
    (2) For purposes of paragraph (1), the term ``office of Federal 
judicial administration'' means a position as Director of the Federal 
Judicial Center, Director of the Administrative Office of the United 
States Courts, or administrative assistant to the Chief Justice.

(June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 895; Aug. 3, 1949, ch. 387, Sec. 2(a), 
63 Stat. 493; Aug. 14, 1950, ch. 708, 64 Stat. 443; Aug. 29, 1950, ch. 
819, Sec. 1, 64 Stat. 562; Sept. 5, 1950, ch. 848, Sec. 1, 64 Stat. 578; 
Feb. 10, 1954, ch. 6, Sec. 2(a)(3), 68 Stat. 9; Pub. L. 85-310, Sept. 7, 
1957, 71 Stat. 631; Pub. L. 85-508, Sec. 12(c), July 7, 1958, 72 Stat. 
348; Pub. L. 86-3, Sec. 9(b), Mar. 18, 1959, 73 Stat. 8; Pub. L. 87-36, 
Sec. 2(d), May 19, 1961, 75 Stat. 81; Pub. L. 87-562, Sec. 3, July 30, 
1962, 76 Stat. 248; Pub. L. 89-242, Sec. 1(c), Oct. 7, 1965, 79 Stat. 
951; Pub. L. 89-372, Sec. 4, Mar. 18, 1966, 80 Stat. 77; Pub. L. 91-272, 
Sec. 1(d), June 2, 1970, 84 Stat. 295; Pub. L. 92-208, Sec. 3(d), Dec. 
18, 1971, 85 Stat. 742; Pub. L. 95-408, Sec. 4(b)(2), Oct. 2, 1978, 92 
Stat. 885; Pub. L. 95-486, Sec. 1(c), Oct. 20, 1978, 92 Stat. 1630; Pub. 
L. 97-471, Sec. 3, Jan. 14, 1983, 96 Stat. 2601; Pub. L. 98-353, title 
II, Sec. 202(e), July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 348; Pub. L. 101-650, title II, 
Sec. 203(d), title III, Sec. 303, Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5101, 5105; 
Pub. L. 105-53, Sec. 4, Oct. 6, 1997, 111 Stat. 1174; Pub. L. 106-113, 
div. B, Sec. 1000(a)(1) [title III, Sec. 309(b)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 
Stat. 1535, 1501A-37; Pub. L. 106-553, Sec. 1(a)(2) [title III, 
Sec. 305(b)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A-85.)


                      Historical and Revision Notes

    Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Sec. 1 and notes; sections 641, 
643, 863, and 864 of title 48, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Territories and Insular 
Possessions; District of Columbia Code, 1940 ed., Sec. 11-301 (Apr. 12, 
1900, ch. 191, Secs. 34, 35, 31 Stat. 84, 85; Apr. 30, 1900, ch. 339, 
Sec. 86, 31 Stat. 158; Mar. 3, 1901, ch. 854, Sec. 60, 31 Stat. 1199; 
Mar. 3, 1909, ch. 269, Sec. 1, 35 Stat. 838; Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, 
Sec. 1, 36 Stat. 1087; Jan. 7, 1913, ch. 6, 37 Stat. 648; July 30, 1914, 
ch. 216, 38 Stat. 580; Mar. 3, 1915, ch. 100, Sec. 1, 38 Stat. 961; Apr. 
11, 1916, ch. 64, Sec. 1, 39 Stat. 48; Feb. 26, 1917, ch. 120, 39 Stat. 
938; Mar. 2, 1917, ch. 145, Secs. 41, 42, 39 Stat. 965, 966; Feb. 26, 
1919, ch. 50, Sec. 1, 40 Stat. 1183; Mar. 4, 1921, ch. 161, Sec. 1, 41 
Stat. 1412; July 9, 1921, ch. 42, Sec. 313, 42 Stat. 119; Sept. 14, 
1922, ch. 306, Sec. 1, 42 Stat. 837; Jan. 16, 1925, ch. 83, Sec. 3, 43 
Stat. 752; Feb. 12, 1925, ch. 220, 43 Stat. 890; Feb. 13, 1925, ch. 229, 
Secs. 1, 13, 43 Stat. 936, 942; Feb. 16, 1925, ch. 233, Secs. 2, 3, 43 
Stat. 946; Mar. 2, 1925, ch. 397, Secs. 1-3, 43 Stat. 1098; Mar. 3, 
1927, ch. 297, Sec. 1, 44 Stat. 1346; Mar. 3, 1927, ch. 298, 44 Stat. 
1347; Mar. 3, 1927, ch. 300, Sec. 1, 44 Stat. 1348; Mar. 3, 1927, ch. 
332, 44 Stat. 1370; Mar. 3, 1927, ch. 336, Secs. 1, 2, 44 Stat. 1372; 
Mar. 3, 1927, ch. 338, 44 Stat. 1374; Mar. 3, 1927, ch. 344, 44 Stat. 
1380; Jan. 31, 1928, ch. 14, Sec. 1, 45 Stat. 54; Apr. 21, 1928, ch. 
393, Sec. 5, 45 Stat. 439; May 29, 1928, ch. 882, 45 Stat. 974; Dec. 20, 
1928, ch. 41, 45 Stat. 1056; Jan. 17, 1929, ch. 72, Sec. 1, 45 Stat. 
1081; Feb. 26, 1929, ch. 334, 45 Stat. 1317; Feb. 26, 1929, ch. 337, 45 
Stat. 1319; Feb. 28, 1929, ch. 358, Sec. 1, 45 Stat. 1344; Feb. 28, 
1929, ch. 380, 45 Stat. 1409; May 28, 1930, ch. 346, Sec. 1, 46 Stat. 
431; June 19, 1930, ch. 537, 46 Stat. 785; June 27, 1930, ch. 633, 46 
Stat. 819; June 27, 1930, ch. 635, Sec. 1, 46 Stat. 820; July 3, 1930, 
ch. 852, 46 Stat. 1006; Feb. 20, 1931, ch. 244, 46 Stat. 1196; Feb. 20, 
1931, ch. 245, 46 Stat. 1197; Feb. 25, 1931, ch. 296, 46 Stat. 1417; May 
17, 1932, ch. 190, 47 Stat. 158; May 20, 1932, ch. 196, 47 Stat. 161; 
Aug. 2, 1935, ch. 425, 49 Stat. 508; Aug. 19, 1935, ch. 558, Secs. 1, 2, 
49 Stat. 659; Aug. 28, 1935, ch. 793, 49 Stat. 945; June 5, 1936, ch. 
515, 49 Stat. 1476; June 15, 1936, ch. 544, 49 Stat. 1491; June 16, 
1936, ch. 585, Sec. 1, 49 Stat. 1523; June 22, 1936, ch. 693, 49 Stat. 
1804; June 22, 1936, ch. 694, 49 Stat. 1804; June 22, 1936, ch. 696, 49 
Stat. 1806; Aug. 25, 1937, ch. 771, Sec. 1, 50 Stat. 805; Mar. 18, 1938, 
ch. 47, 52 Stat. 110; Mar. 26, 1938, ch. 51, Sec. 2, 52 Stat. 118; May 
31, 1938, ch. 290, Secs. 4, 5, 6, 52 Stat. 584, 585; June 20, 1938, ch. 
528, 52 Stat. 780; Jan. 20, 1940, ch. 11, 54 Stat. 16; May 24, 1940, ch. 
209, Sec. 2(c), 54 Stat. 220; June 8, 1940, ch. 282, 54 Stat. 253; Nov. 
27, 1940, ch. 92, Sec. 1, 54 Stat. 1216; Nov. 21, 1941, ch. 479, 55 
Stat. 773; July 7, 1942, ch. 489, 56 Stat. 648; Dec. 24, 1942, ch. 817, 
56 Stat. 1083; Dec. 24, 1942, ch. 827, 56 Stat. 1092; Dec. 7, 1944, ch. 
521, 58 Stat. 796; Dec. 22, 1944, ch. 663, 58 Stat. 887; Oct. 16, 1945, 
ch. 419, Secs. 1, 2, 59 Stat. 545, 546; June 15, 1946, ch. 413, 60 Stat. 
260; July 24, 1946, chs. 600, 602, 60 Stat. 654).
    Section consolidates provisions of section 1 of title 28, U.S.C., 
1940 ed., and sections 641, 643, 863, and 864 of title 48, U.S.C., 1940 
ed., with changes in phraseology necessary to effect consolidation.
    Provisions of section 1 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., relating to 
residence of judges, are covered by section 134 of this title.
    The act of Dec. 7, 1944, amended section 2 of the act of May 24, 
1940, 54 Stat. 219, section 1, note, of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., to 
read as follows: ``(a) Provided, That the first vacancy in the office of 
district judge in each of said districts except in the eastern district 
of Pennsylvania, shall not be filled.''
    The act of Dec. 22, 1944, amended the same section to read as 
follows: ``(a) Provided, That the first vacancy occurring in the office 
of district judge in each of said districts except the district of New 
Jersey shall not be filled.''
    The act of July 24, 1946, ch. 600, Sec. 1, 60 Stat. 654, amended the 
proviso in the 1940 act to read as follows: ``Provided, That the first 
vacancy occurring in the office of district judge in each of said 
districts, except the district of New Jersey and the eastern district of 
Pennsylvania, shall not be filled.''
    The following additional but temporary judgeships, authorized by 
Congress, are not included in the revised section:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                           Districts                             Judges
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Delaware......................................................         1
Florida, Northern and Southern................................         1
Georgia, Northern.............................................         1
Kansas........................................................         1
Missouri, Eastern and Western.................................         1
Ohio, Northern................................................         1
Oklahoma, Western.............................................         1
Pennsylvania, Eastern, Middle and Western.....................         1
West Virginia, Northern and Southern..........................         1
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Other provisions of said section 11-301 of the District of Columbia 
Code, 1940 ed., are incorporated in section 136 of this title.
    A part of section 641 of title 48, U.S.C., 1940 ed., is incorporated 
in sections 91 and 132 of this title.
    Parts of sections 863 and 864 of title 48, U.S.C., 1940 ed., are 
retained in title 48. For other parts of those sections, see 
Distribution Table.
    Other provisions of section 643 of title 48, U.S.C., 1940 ed., are 
incorporated in sections 501 [now 541], 504 [now 541 to 544], and 541 
[see 561] of this title.


                        Senate Revision Amendment

    Provisions for one district judge in the Southern District of 
Indiana were inserted in this section by Senate amendment. See 80th 
Congress Senate Report No. 1559.

                          Codification

    Paragraph (2) of subsection (b) of section 4 of Pub. L. 95-408, 
cited as a credit to this section, was amended generally by Pub. L. 96-
4, Sec. 1, Mar. 30, 1979, 93 Stat. 6, and enacted provisions which are 
set out as a note under section 93 of this title.


                               Amendments

    2000--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106-553 increased number of permanent 
district judgeships as follows: in Arizona from 11 to 12, in Southern 
District of Florida from 16 to 17, in Eastern District of Kentucky from 
4 to 5, in Nevada from 6 to 7, in New Mexico from 5 to 6, in South 
Carolina from 9 to 10, in Southern District of Texas from 18 to 19, in 
Western District of Texas from 10 to 11, in Eastern District of Virginia 
from 9 to 10, and in Eastern District of Wisconsin from 4 to 5.
    1999--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106-113 increased number of permanent 
district judgeships in Arizona from 8 to 11, increased number of 
permanent district judgeships in Middle District of Florida from 11 to 
15, and increased number of permanent district judgeships in Nevada from 
4 to 6.
    1997--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105-53 in item relating to Louisiana, 
reduced number of permanent district judgeships in Eastern District from 
13 to 12 and increased number in Middle District from 2 to 3.
    1990--Pub. L. 101-650, Sec. 303(1), designated existing provisions 
as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).
    Pub. L. 101-650, Sec. 203(d), altered number of permanent district 
judgeships in named districts as follows:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         State                            Former    New
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama:
  Northern............................................          7      7
  Middle..............................................          3      3
  Southern............................................          3      3
Alaska................................................          3      3
Arizona...............................................          8      8
Arkansas:
  Eastern.............................................          3      5
  Western.............................................          1      3
  Eastern and Western.................................          2      0
California:
  Northern............................................         12     14
  Eastern.............................................          6      6
  Central.............................................         22     27
  Southern............................................          7      8
Colorado..............................................          7      7
Connecticut...........................................          6      8
Delaware..............................................          4      4
District of Columbia..................................         15     15
Florida:
  Northern............................................          3      4
  Middle..............................................          9     11
  Southern............................................         15     16
Georgia:
  Northern............................................         11     11
  Middle..............................................          3      4
  Southern............................................          3      3
Hawaii................................................          3      3
Idaho.................................................          2      2
Illinois:
  Northern............................................         20     22
  Central.............................................          3      3
  Southern............................................          3      3
Indiana:
  Northern............................................          4      5
  Southern............................................          5      5
Iowa:
  Northern............................................          1      2
  Southern............................................          2      3
  Northern and Southern...............................          1      0
Kansas................................................          5      5
Kentucky:
  Eastern.............................................          4      4
  Western.............................................          4      4
  Eastern and Western.................................          1      1
Louisiana:
  Eastern.............................................         13     13
  Middle..............................................          2      2
  Western.............................................          6      7
Maine.................................................          2      3
Maryland..............................................         10     10
Massachusetts.........................................         11     13
Michigan:
  Eastern.............................................         15     15
  Western.............................................          4      4
Minnesota.............................................          7      7
Mississippi:
  Northern............................................          3      3
  Southern............................................          5      6
Missouri:
  Eastern.............................................          5      6
  Western.............................................          5      5
  Eastern and Western.................................          2      2
Montana...............................................          3      3
Nebraska..............................................          3      3
Nevada................................................          4      4
New Hampshire.........................................          2      3
New Jersey............................................         14     17
New Mexico............................................          4      5
New York:
  Northern............................................          4      4
  Southern............................................         27     28
  Eastern.............................................         12     15
  Western.............................................          3      4
North Carolina:
  Eastern.............................................          3      4
  Middle..............................................          3      4
  Western.............................................          3      3
North Dakota..........................................          2      2
Ohio:
  Northern............................................         10     11
  Southern............................................          7      8
Oklahoma:
  Northern............................................          2      3
  Eastern.............................................          1      1
  Western.............................................          4      6
  Northern, Eastern, and Western......................          2      1
Oregon................................................          5      6
Pennsylvania:
  Eastern.............................................         19     22
  Middle..............................................          5      6
  Western.............................................         10     10
Puerto Rico...........................................          7      7
Rhode Island..........................................          3      3
South Carolina........................................          8      9
South Dakota..........................................          3      3
Tennessee:
  Eastern.............................................          4      5
  Middle..............................................          3      4
  Western.............................................          4      5
Texas:
  Northern............................................         10     12
  Southern............................................         13     18
  Eastern.............................................          6      7
  Western.............................................          7     10
Utah..................................................          4      5
Vermont...............................................          2      2
Virginia:
  Eastern.............................................          9      9
  Western.............................................          4      4
Washington:
  Eastern.............................................          3      4
  Western.............................................          6      7
West Virginia:
  Northern............................................          2      3
  Southern............................................          4      5
Wisconsin:
  Eastern.............................................          4      4
  Western.............................................          2      2
Wyoming...............................................          2      3
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    1984--Pub. L. 98-353 altered number of permanent district judgeships 
in named districts as follows:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         State                            Former    New
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama:
  Northern............................................          7      7
  Middle..............................................          3      3
  Southern............................................          2      3
Alaska................................................          2      3
Arizona...............................................          8      8
Arkansas:
  Eastern.............................................          3      3
  Western.............................................          1      1
  Eastern and Western.................................          2      2
California:
  Northern............................................         12     12
  Eastern.............................................          6      6
  Central.............................................         17     22
  Southern............................................          7      7
Colorado..............................................          6      7
Connecticut...........................................          5      6
Delaware..............................................          3      4
District of Columbia..................................         15     15
Florida:
  Northern............................................          3      3
  Middle..............................................          9      9
  Southern............................................         12     15
Georgia:
  Northern............................................         11     11
  Middle..............................................          2      3
  Southern............................................          3      3
Hawaii................................................          2      3
Idaho.................................................          2      2
Illinois:
  Northern............................................         16     20
  Central.............................................          3      3
  Southern............................................          2      3
Indiana:
  Northern............................................          4      4
  Southern............................................          5      5
Iowa:
  Northern............................................          1      1
  Southern............................................          2      2
  Northern and Southern...............................          1      1
Kansas................................................          5      5
Kentucky:
  Eastern.............................................          4      4
  Western.............................................          3      4
  Eastern and Western.................................          1      1
Louisiana:
  Eastern.............................................         13     13
  Middle..............................................          2      2
  Western.............................................          5      6
Maine.................................................          2      2
Maryland..............................................          9     10
Massachusetts.........................................         10     11
Michigan:
  Eastern.............................................         13     15
  Western.............................................          4      4
Minnesota.............................................          5      7
Mississippi:
  Northern............................................          2      3
  Southern............................................          3      5
Missouri:
  Eastern.............................................          4      5
  Western.............................................          5      5
  Eastern and Western.................................          2      2
Montana...............................................          2      3
Nebraska..............................................          3      3
Nevada................................................          3      4
New Hampshire.........................................          2      2
New Jersey............................................         11     14
New Mexico............................................          4      4
New York:
  Northern............................................          3      4
  Southern............................................         27     27
  Eastern.............................................         10     12
  Western.............................................          3      3
North Carolina:
  Eastern.............................................          3      3
  Middle..............................................          3      3
  Western.............................................          3      3
North Dakota..........................................          2      2
Ohio:
  Northern............................................          9     10
  Southern............................................          6      7
Oklahoma:
  Northern............................................          2      2
  Eastern.............................................          1      1
  Western.............................................          3      4
  Northern, Eastern, and Western......................          2      2
Oregon................................................          5      5
Pennsylvania:
  Eastern.............................................         19     19
  Middle..............................................          5      5
  Western.............................................         10     10
Puerto Rico...........................................          7      7
Rhode Island..........................................          2      3
South Carolina........................................          8      8
South Dakota..........................................          3      3
Tennessee:
  Eastern.............................................          3      4
  Middle..............................................          3      3
  Western.............................................          3      4
Texas:
  Northern............................................          9     10
  Eastern.............................................          4      6
  Southern............................................         13     13
  Western.............................................          6      7
Utah..................................................          3      4
Vermont...............................................          2      2
Virginia:
  Eastern.............................................          8      9
  Western.............................................          4      4
Washington:
  Eastern.............................................          2      3
  Western.............................................          5      6
West Virginia:
  Northern............................................          2      2
  Southern............................................          4      4
Wisconsin:
  Eastern.............................................          4      4
  Western.............................................          2      2
Wyoming...............................................          1      2
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    1983--Pub. L. 97-471 in item relating to West Virginia increased the 
number of judges for the Northern District from 1 to 2, increased the 
number of judges for the Southern District from 3 to 4, and struck out 
an item which had authorized a Northern and Southern District with 1 
judge.
    1978--Pub. L. 95-486 altered the number of permanent district 
judgeships in the named districts as follows:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         State                            Former    New
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama:
  Northern............................................          4      7
  Middle..............................................          2      3
  Southern............................................          2      2
Alaska................................................          2      2
Arizona...............................................          5      8
Arkansas:
  Eastern.............................................          1      3
  Western.............................................          1      1
  Eastern and Western.................................          2      2
California:
  Northern............................................         11     12
  Eastern.............................................          3      6
  Central.............................................         16     17
  Southern............................................          5      7
Colorado..............................................          4      6
Connecticut...........................................          4      5
Delaware..............................................          3      3
District of Columbia..................................         15     15
Florida:
  Northern............................................          2      3
  Middle..............................................          6      9
  Southern............................................          7     12
Georgia:
  Northern............................................          6     11
  Middle..............................................          2      2
  Southern............................................          2      3
Hawaii................................................          2      2
Idaho.................................................          2      2
Illinois:
  Northern............................................         13     16
  Central.............................................          2      3
  Southern............................................          2      2
Indiana:
  Northern............................................          3      4
  Southern............................................          4      5
Iowa:
  Northern............................................          1      1
  Southern............................................          1      2
  Northern and Southern...............................          1      1
Kansas................................................          4      5
Kentucky:
  Eastern.............................................          2      4
  Western.............................................          3      3
  Eastern and Western.................................          1      1
Louisiana:
  Eastern.............................................          9     13
  Middle..............................................          1      2
  Western.............................................          4      5
Maine.................................................          1      2
Maryland..............................................          7      9
Massachusetts.........................................          6     10
Michigan:
  Eastern.............................................         10     13
  Western.............................................          2      4
Minnesota.............................................          4      5
Mississippi:
  Northern............................................          2      2
  Southern............................................          3      3
Missouri:
  Eastern.............................................          3      4
  Western.............................................          3      5
  Eastern and Western.................................          2      2
Montana...............................................          2      2
Nebraska..............................................          3      3
Nevada................................................          2      3
New Hampshire.........................................          1      2
New Jersey............................................          9     11
New Mexico............................................          3      4
New York:
  Northern............................................          2      3
  Southern............................................         27     27
  Eastern.............................................          9     10
  Western.............................................          3      3
North Carolina:
  Eastern.............................................          2      3
  Western.............................................          2      3
  Middle..............................................          2      3
North Dakota..........................................          2      2
Ohio:
  Northern............................................          8      9
  Southern............................................          5      6
Oklahoma:
  Northern............................................          1      2
  Eastern.............................................          1      1
  Western.............................................          2      3
  Northern, Eastern, and Western......................          2      2
Oregon................................................          3      5
Pennsylvania:
  Eastern.............................................         19     19
  Middle..............................................          3      5
  Western.............................................         10     10
Puerto Rico...........................................          3      7
Rhode Island..........................................          2      2
South Carolina........................................          5      8
South Dakota..........................................          2      3
Tennessee:
  Eastern.............................................          3      3
  Middle..............................................          2      3
  Western.............................................          3      3
Texas:
  Northern............................................          6      9
  Southern............................................          8     13
  Eastern.............................................          3      4
  Western.............................................          5      6
Utah..................................................          2      3
Vermont...............................................          2      2
Virginia:
  Eastern.............................................          6      8
  Western.............................................          2      4
Washington:
  Eastern.............................................          1      2
  Western.............................................          3      5
West Virginia:
  Northern............................................          1      1
  Southern............................................          2      3
  Northern and Southern...............................          1      1
Wisconsin:
  Eastern.............................................          3      4
  Western.............................................          1      2
Wyoming...............................................          1      1
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Pub. L. 95-408 substituted ``Central'' for ``Southern'' and 
``Southern'' for ``Eastern'' in item relating to Illinois.
    1971--Pub. L. 92-208 created a Middle District in the Louisiana 
listing with one judge and reduced from 10 to 9 the number of judges for 
the Eastern District of Louisiana.
    1970--Pub. L. 91-272 altered the number of permanent district 
judgeships in the named districts as follows:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         State                            Former    New
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama:
  Northern.............................................         3      4
  Middle...............................................         1      2
  Southern.............................................         1      2
  Middle and Southern..................................         1      0
Arizona................................................         4      5
California:
  Northern.............................................         9     11
  Central..............................................        13     16
  Southern.............................................         2      5
Colorado...............................................         3      4
Florida:
  Middle...............................................         5      6
  Southern.............................................         5      7
Georgia:
  Northern.............................................         3      6
  Southern.............................................         1      2
Illinois: Northern.....................................        11     13
Kansas.................................................         3      4
Kentucky:
  Eastern..............................................         1      2
  Western..............................................         2      3
Louisiana:
  Eastern..............................................         8     10
  Western..............................................         3      4
Maryland...............................................         5      7
Michigan: Eastern......................................         8     10
Missouri: Eastern......................................         2      3
Nebraska...............................................         2      3
New Jersey.............................................         8      9
New Mexico.............................................         2      3
New York:
  Southern.............................................        24     27
  Eastern..............................................         8      9
Ohio:
  Northern.............................................         7      8
  Southern.............................................         4      5
Pennsylvania:
  Eastern..............................................        11     19
  Western..............................................         8     10
Puerto Rico............................................         2      3
South Carolina.........................................         4      5
Tennessee: Western.....................................         2      3
Texas:
  Northern.............................................         5      6
  Southern.............................................         7      8
  Eastern..............................................         2      3
  Western..............................................         4      5
Virginia: Eastern......................................         5      6
West Virginia: Southern................................         1      2
Wisconsin: Eastern.....................................         2      3
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    1966--Pub. L. 89-372 altered the number of permanent district 
judgeships in the named districts as follows:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         State                            Former    New
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama: Middle and Southern...........................         0      1
Arizona................................................         3      4
California:
  Northern.............................................         9      9
  Eastern..............................................         0      3
  Central..............................................         0     13
  Southern.............................................        13      2
Florida:
  Northern.............................................         1      2
  Middle...............................................         3      5
  Southern.............................................         3      5
  Northern, Middle, and Southern.......................         1      0
Illinois: Northern.....................................        10     11
Indiana: Southern......................................         3      4
Louisiana: Eastern.....................................         4      8
Maryland...............................................         4      5
Mississippi:
  Northern.............................................         1      2
  Southern.............................................         2      3
New York: Western......................................         2      3
Ohio:
  Northern.............................................         6      7
  Southern.............................................         3      4
Rhode Island...........................................         1      2
Texas:
  Southern.............................................         5      7
  Western..............................................         3      4
Vermont................................................         1      2
Virginia: Eastern......................................         3      5
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    1965--Pub. L. 89-242 changed the South Carolina listing by removing 
references to an Eastern and Western District, with 1 judge listed for 
the Eastern, 1 judge for the Western, and 2 judges for the Eastern and 
Western combined, and substituted therefor a single reference to a South 
Carolina District with 4 judges.
    1962--Pub. L. 87-562 amended the Florida listing by adding the 
Middle District with its designation of 3 judges, substituted 
``Northern, Middle, and Southern'' for ``Northern and Southern'', and 
reduced the number of judges in the Southern District from 6 to 3.
    1961--Pub. L. 87-36 increased the number of permanent district 
judgeships in the named districts as follows:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         State                            Former    New
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama:
  Northern.............................................         2      3
Alaska.................................................         1      2
Arizona................................................         2      3
Arkansas:
  Eastern and Western..................................         1      2
California:
  Northern.............................................         7      9
  Southern.............................................        11     13
Colorado...............................................         2      3
Connecticut............................................         2      4
Florida:
  Southern.............................................         4      6
Georgia:
  Northern.............................................         2      3
  Middle...............................................         1      2
Illinois:
  Northern.............................................         8     10
Indiana:
  Northern.............................................         2      3
  Southern.............................................         2      3
Iowa:
  Northern and Southern................................         0      1
Kansas.................................................         2      3
Louisiana:
  Eastern..............................................         2      4
  Western..............................................         2      3
Maryland...............................................         2      4
Massachusetts..........................................         5      6
Michigan:
  Eastern..............................................         6      8
Mississippi:
  Southern.............................................         1      2
Missouri:
  Western..............................................         2      3
Nevada.................................................         1      2
New Jersey.............................................         7      8
New Mexico.............................................         1      2
New York:
  Southern.............................................        18     24
  Eastern..............................................         6      8
North Carolina:
  Eastern..............................................         1      2
  Western..............................................         1      2
  Middle...............................................         1      2
Ohio:
  Northern.............................................         5      6
Oklahoma:
  Northern, Eastern, and Western.......................         1      2
Pennsylvania:
  Eastern..............................................         8     11
  Middle...............................................         2      3
  Western..............................................         5      8
Puerto Rico............................................         1      2
South Carolina:
  Eastern and Western..................................         1      2
Tennessee:
  Eastern..............................................         2      3
  Middle...............................................         1      2
  Western..............................................         1      2
Texas:
  Northern.............................................         3      5
  Southern.............................................         4      5
  Western..............................................         2      3
Utah...................................................         1      2
Washington:
  Western..............................................         2      3
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    1959--Pub. L. 86-3 struck out provisions that restricted eligibility 
for appointment as district judges for the district of Hawaii to 
citizens of the Territory of Hawaii who have resided therein for at 
least three years.
    1958--Pub. L. 85-508 inserted ``Alaska -------- 1''.
    1957--Pub. L. 85-310 increased the number of permanent judgeships in 
the district of South Dakota from 1 to 2.
    1954--Act Feb. 10, 1954, increased the number of permanent 
judgeships in the named districts as follows:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         State                            Former    New
------------------------------------------------------------------------
California:
  Southern.............................................        10     11
Delaware...............................................         2      3
Florida:
  Southern.............................................         3      4
Idaho..................................................         1      2
Indiana:
  Northern.............................................         1      2
  Southern.............................................         1      2
Kentucky:
  Western..............................................         1      2
Massachusetts..........................................         4      5
Michigan:
  Eastern..............................................         5      6
  Western..............................................         1      2
Missouri:
  Eastern and Western..................................         1      2
New Jersey.............................................         6      7
New York:
  Southern.............................................        16     18
North Dakota...........................................         1      2
Ohio:
  Northern.............................................         4      5
Pennsylvania:
  Eastern..............................................         7      8
  Western..............................................         4      5
Texas:
  Southern.............................................         3      4
  Eastern..............................................         1      2
Virginia:
  Eastern..............................................         2      3
West Virginia:
  Northern and Southern................................         0      1
Wisconsin:
  Eastern..............................................         1      2
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    1950--Act Sept. 5, 1950, increased the number of permanent 
judgeships in the district of Delaware from 1 to 2.
    Act Aug. 29, 1950, increased the number of permanent judgeships in 
the western district of Pennsylvania from 3 to 4.
    Act Aug. 14, 1950, increased the number of permanent judgeships in 
the northern district of Illinois from 6 to 8.
    1949--Act Aug. 3, 1949, increased the numbers of permanent 
judgeships in the named districts as follows:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         State                            Former    New
------------------------------------------------------------------------
California:
  Northern.............................................         5      7
  Southern.............................................         8     10
District of Columbia...................................        12     15
Florida:
  Northern and Southern................................         0      1
Georgia:
  Northern.............................................         1      2
Kansas.................................................         1      2
New Jersey.............................................         5      6
New York:
  Southern.............................................        12     16
Ohio:
  Northern.............................................         3      4
Oklahoma:
  Western..............................................         1      2
Oregon.................................................         2      3
Pennsylvania:
  Eastern..............................................         5      7
Texas:
  Southern.............................................         2      3
------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Effective Date of 1978 Amendment; Waiver of Standards and Guidelines; 
                            Failure To Comply

    Section 7 of Pub. L. 95-486 provided that:
    ``(a) The first section and section 2 of this Act [amending this 
section and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section] 
shall take effect immediately upon the President's promulgation and 
publication of standards and guidelines for the selection, on the basis 
of merit, of nominees for United States district court judgeships 
authorized by this Act [amending this section, sections 44, 46, 1337, 
and 1445 of this title, and section 5108 of Title 5, Government 
Organization and Employees, enacting provisions set out as notes under 
this section and sections 41 and 44 of this title, and amending 
provisions set out as a note under section 45 of this title].
    ``(b) The President may waive such standards and guidelines with 
respect to any nomination by notifying the Senate of the reasons for 
such waiver.
    ``(c) Following the promulgation and publication of such standards 
and guidelines, no nomination or appointment to a United States district 
court judgeship may be invalidated on the basis of the President's 
failure to comply with this section or with any standards or guidelines 
promulgated under this section.
    ``(d) This Act, other than the first section and section 2 [amending 
this section and enacting provisions set out as notes under this 
section] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 
20, 1978].''
    Section 11 of Pub. L. 95-486 provided that: ``Notwithstanding any 
other provision of this Act the first section and section 2 [amending 
this section and enacting provisions set out as notes under this 
section] shall not take effect before November 1, 1978.''


           Effective Date of 1978 Amendment; Savings Provision

    Amendment by Pub. L. 95-408 effective 180 days after Oct. 2, 1978, 
with such amendment not to affect the composition or preclude the 
service of any grand or petit juror summoned, empaneled, or actually 
serving in any judicial district on the effective date of this Act, see 
section 5 of Pub. L. 95-408, set out as a note under section 89 of this 
title.


                    Effective Date of 1971 Amendment

    Amendment by Pub. L. 92-208 effective 120 days after Dec. 18, 1971, 
see section 3(f) of Pub. L. 92-208, set out as a note under section 98 
of this title.


                    Effective Date of 1965 Amendment

    Amendment by Pub. L. 89-242 effective on first day of month 
following Oct. 7, 1965, see section 6 of Pub. L. 89-242, set out as a 
note under section 121 of this title.


                    Effective Date of 1962 Amendment

    Amendment by Pub. L. 87-562 effective 90 days after July 30, 1962, 
see section 5 of Pub. L. 87-562, set out as a note under section 89 of 
this title.


                    Effective Date of 1959 Amendment

    Section 9 of Pub. L. 86-3 provided in part that the amendment of 
this section and section 134 of this title is effective on admission of 
the State of Hawaii into the Union. Admission of Hawaii into the Union 
was accomplished Aug. 21, 1959, upon issuance of Proc. No. 3309, Aug. 
21, 1959, 25 F.R. 6868, 73 Stat. 74, as required by sections 1 and 7(c) 
of Pub. L. 86-3, Mar. 18, 1959, 73 Stat. 4, set out as notes preceding 
section 491 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.


                    Effective Date of 1958 Amendment

    Amendment by Pub. L. 85-508 effective Jan. 3, 1959, on admission of 
Alaska into the Union pursuant to Proc. No. 3269, Jan. 3, 1959, 24 F.R. 
81, 73 Stat. 16, as required by sections 1 and 8(c) of Pub. L. 85-508, 
see notes set out under section 81A of this title and preceding section 
21 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.


                          Additional Judgeships

    Pub. L. 106-553, Sec. 1(a)(2) [title III, Sec. 305(a)], Dec. 21, 
2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A-84, provided that: ``The President shall 
appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate--
        ``(1) 1 additional district judge for the district of Arizona;
        ``(2) 1 additional district judge for the southern district of 
    Florida;
        ``(3) 1 additional district judge for the eastern district of 
    Kentucky;
        ``(4) 1 additional district judge for the district of Nevada;
        ``(5) 1 additional district judge for the district of New 
    Mexico;
        ``(6) 1 additional district judge for the district of South 
    Carolina;
        ``(7) 1 additional district judge for the southern district of 
    Texas;
        ``(8) 1 additional district judge for the western district of 
    Texas;
        ``(9) 1 additional district judge for the eastern district of 
    Virginia; and
        ``(10) 1 additional district judge for the eastern district of 
    Wisconsin.''
    Pub. L. 106-113, div. B, Sec. 1000(a)(1) [title III, Sec. 309(a)], 
Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A-37, provided that: ``The President 
shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate--
        ``(1) three additional district judges for the district of 
    Arizona;
        ``(2) four additional district judges for the middle district of 
    Florida; and
        ``(3) two additional district judges for the district of 
    Nevada.''
    Section 203(a)-(c) of title II of Pub. L. 101-650, as amended by 
Pub. L. 104-60, Sec. 1, Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 635; Pub. L. 104-317, 
title III, Sec. 304, Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3852; Pub. L. 105-53, 
Sec. 3, Oct. 6, 1997, 111 Stat. 1173, provided that:
    ``(a) In General.--The President shall appoint, by and with the 
advice and consent of the Senate--
        ``(1) 1 additional district judge for the western district of 
    Arkansas;
        ``(2) 2 additional district judges for the northern district of 
    California;
        ``(3) 5 additional district judges for the central district of 
    California;
        ``(4) 1 additional district judge for the southern district of 
    California;
        ``(5) 2 additional district judges for the district of 
    Connecticut;
        ``(6) 2 additional district judges for the middle district of 
    Florida;
        ``(7) 1 additional district judge for the northern district of 
    Florida;
        ``(8) 1 additional district judge for the southern district of 
    Florida;
        ``(9) 1 additional district judge for the middle district of 
    Georgia;
        ``(10) 1 additional district judge for the northern district of 
    Illinois;
        ``(11) 1 additional district judge for the southern district of 
    Iowa;
        ``(12) 1 additional district judge for the western district of 
    Louisiana;
        ``(13) 1 additional district judge for the district of Maine;
        ``(14) 1 additional district judge for the district of 
    Massachusetts;
        ``(15) 1 additional district judge for the southern district of 
    Mississippi;
        ``(16) 1 additional district judge for the eastern district of 
    Missouri;
        ``(17) 1 additional district judge for the district of New 
    Hampshire;
        ``(18) 3 additional district judges for the district of New 
    Jersey;
        ``(19) 1 additional district judge for the district of New 
    Mexico;
        ``(20) 1 additional district judge for the southern district of 
    New York;
        ``(21) 3 additional district judges for the eastern district of 
    New York;
        ``(22) 1 additional district judge for the middle district of 
    North Carolina;
        ``(23) 1 additional district judge for the southern district of 
    Ohio;
        ``(24) 1 additional district judge for the northern district of 
    Oklahoma;
        ``(25) 1 additional district judge for the western district of 
    Oklahoma;
        ``(26) 1 additional district judge for the district of Oregon;
        ``(27) 3 additional district judges for the eastern district of 
    Pennsylvania;
        ``(28) 1 additional district judge for the middle district of 
    Pennsylvania;
        ``(29) 1 additional district judge for the district of South 
    Carolina;
        ``(30) 1 additional district judge for the eastern district of 
    Tennessee;
        ``(31) 1 additional district judge for the western district of 
    Tennessee;
        ``(32) 1 additional district judge for the middle district of 
    Tennessee;
        ``(33) 2 additional district judges for the northern district of 
    Texas;
        ``(34) 1 additional district judge for the eastern district of 
    Texas;
        ``(35) 5 additional district judges for the southern district of 
    Texas;
        ``(36) 3 additional district judges for the western district of 
    Texas;
        ``(37) 1 additional district judge for the district of Utah;
        ``(38) 1 additional district judge for the eastern district of 
    Washington;
        ``(39) 1 additional district judge for the northern district of 
    West Virginia;
        ``(40) 1 additional district judge for the southern district of 
    West Virginia; and
        ``(41) 1 additional district judge for the district of Wyoming.
    ``(b) Existing Judgeships.--(1) The existing district judgeships for 
the western district of Arkansas, the northern district of Illinois, the 
northern district of Indiana, the district of Massachusetts, the western 
district of New York, the eastern district of North Carolina, the 
northern district of Ohio, and the western district of Washington 
authorized by section 202(b) of the Bankruptcy Amendments and Federal 
Judgeship Act of 1984 (Public Law 98-353, 98 Stat. 347-348) [set out 
below] shall, as of the effective date of this title [Dec. 1, 1990], be 
authorized under section 133 of title 28, United States Code, and the 
incumbents in those offices shall hold the office under section 133 of 
title 28, United States Code, as amended by this title.
    ``(2)(A) The existing 2 district judgeships for the eastern and 
western districts of Arkansas (provided by section 133 of title 28, 
United States Code, as in effect on the day before the effective date of 
this title) shall be district judgeships for the eastern district of 
Arkansas only, and the incumbents of such judgeships shall hold the 
offices under section 133 of title 28, United States Code, as amended by 
this title.
    ``(B) The existing district judgeship for the northern and southern 
districts of Iowa (provided by section 133 of title 28, United States 
Code, as in effect on the day before the effective date of this title) 
shall be a district judgeship for the northern district of Iowa only, 
and the incumbent of such judgeship shall hold the office under section 
133 of title 28, United States Code, as amended by this title.
    ``(C) The existing district judgeship for the northern, eastern, and 
western districts of Oklahoma (provided by section 133 of title 28, 
United States Code, as in effect on the day before the effective date of 
this title) and the occupant of which has his or her official duty 
station at Oklahoma City on the date of the enactment of this title 
[Dec. 1, 1990], shall be a district judgeship for the western district 
of Oklahoma only, and the incumbent of such judgeship shall hold the 
office under section 133 of title 28, United States Code, as amended by 
this title.
    ``(c) Temporary Judgeships.--The President shall appoint, by and 
with the advice and consent of the Senate--
        ``(1) 1 additional district judge for the eastern district of 
    California;
        ``(2) 1 additional district judge for the district of Hawaii;
        ``(3) 1 additional district judge for the central district of 
    Illinois;
        ``(4) 1 additional district judge for the southern district of 
    Illinois;
        ``(5) 1 additional district judge for the district of Kansas;
        ``(6) 1 additional district judge for the western district of 
    Michigan;
        ``(7) 1 additional district judge for the eastern district of 
    Missouri;
        ``(8) 1 additional district judge for the district of Nebraska;
        ``(9) 1 additional district judge for the northern district of 
    New York;
        ``(10) 1 additional district judge for the northern district of 
    Ohio;
        ``(11) 1 additional district judge for the eastern district of 
    Pennsylvania; and
        ``(12) 1 additional district judge for the eastern district of 
    Virginia.
Except with respect to the western district of Michigan and the eastern 
district of Pennsylvania, the first vacancy in the office of district 
judge in each of the judicial districts named in this subsection, 
occurring 10 years or more after the confirmation date of the judge 
named to fill the temporary judgeship created by this subsection, shall 
not be filled. The first vacancy in the office of district judge in the 
western district of Michigan, occurring after December 1, 1995, shall 
not be filled. The first vacancy in the office of district judge in the 
eastern district of Pennsylvania, occurring 5 years or more after the 
confirmation date of the judge named to fill the temporary judgeship 
created for such district under this subsection, shall not be filled. 
For districts named in this subsection for which multiple judgeships are 
created by this Act, the last of those judgeships filled shall be the 
judgeships created under this section.''
    Section 202(a)-(d) of Pub. L. 98-353 provided that:
    ``(a) Subject to the provisions of subsection (c), the President 
shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, one 
additional district judge for the southern district of Alabama, one 
additional district judge for the district of Alaska, five additional 
district judges for the central district of California, one additional 
district judge for the district of Colorado, one additional district 
judge for the district of Connecticut, one additional district judge for 
the district of Delaware, three additional district judges for the 
southern district of Florida, one additional district judge for the 
middle district of Georgia, one additional district judge for the 
district of Hawaii, four additional district judges for the northern 
district of Illinois, one additional district judge for the southern 
district of Illinois, one additional district judge for the western 
district of Kentucky, one additional district judge for the western 
district of Louisiana, one additional district judge for the district of 
Maryland, one additional district judge for the district of 
Massachusetts, two additional district judges for the eastern district 
of Michigan, one additional district judge for the district of 
Minnesota, one additional district judge for the northern district of 
Mississippi, two additional district judges for the southern district of 
Mississippi, one additional district judge for the eastern district of 
Missouri, one additional district judge for the district of Montana, one 
additional district judge for the district of Nevada, three additional 
district judges for the district of New Jersey, one additional district 
judge for the northern district of New York, two additional district 
judges for the eastern district of New York, one additional district 
judge for the southern district of Ohio, one additional district judge 
for the western district of Oklahoma, one additional district judge for 
the district of Rhode Island, one additional district judge for the 
eastern district of Tennessee, one additional district judge for the 
western district of Tennessee, one additional district judge for the 
northern district of Texas, two additional district judges for the 
eastern district of Texas, one additional district judge for the western 
district of Texas, one additional district judge for the district of 
Utah, one additional district judge for the eastern district of 
Virginia, one additional district judge for the eastern district of 
Washington, one additional district judge for the western district of 
Washington, and one additional district judge for the district of 
Wyoming.
    ``(b) Subject to the provisions of subsection (c) the President 
shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, one 
additional district judge for the western district of Arkansas, one 
additional district judge for the northern district of Illinois, one 
additional district judge for the northern district of Indiana, one 
additional district judge for the district of Massachusetts, one 
additional district judge for the western district of New York, one 
additional district judge for the eastern district of North Carolina, 
one additional district judge for the northern district of Ohio, and one 
additional district judge for the western district of Washington. The 
first vacancy in each of the offices of district judge authorized by 
this subsection, occurring five years or more after the effective date 
of this Act [probably means July 10, 1984], shall not be filled.
    ``(c) For the judgeships created in subsections (a) and (b), the 
President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the 
Senate, no more than twenty-nine of such judges prior to January 21, 
1985.
    ``(d) The existing district judgeship for the district of Minnesota 
and the existing district judgeship for the northern district of Ohio, 
heretofore authorized by section 2 of the Act of October 20, 1978 
(Public Law 95-486, 92 Stat. 1631) [set out below], shall, as of the 
effective date of this Act [probably means July 10, 1984], be authorized 
under section 133 of title 28, United States Code, and the incumbents of 
those offices shall henceforth hold their offices under section 133, as 
amended by this Act.''
    Section 1(a) of Pub. L. 95-486 provided that: ``The President shall 
appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, three 
additional district judges for the northern district of Alabama, one 
additional district judge for the middle district of Alabama, three 
additional district judges for the district of Arizona, two additional 
district judges for the eastern district of Arkansas, one additional 
district judge for the northern district of California, three additional 
district judges for the eastern district of California, one additional 
district judge for the central district of California, two additional 
district judges for the southern district of California, two additional 
district judges for the district of Colorado, one additional district 
judge for the district of Connecticut, one additional district judge for 
the northern district of Florida, three additional district judges for 
the middle district of Florida, five additional district judges for the 
southern district of Florida, five additional district judges for the 
northern district of Georgia, one additional district judge for the 
southern district of Georgia, three additional district judges for the 
northern district of Illinois, one additional district judge for the 
central district of Illinois, one additional district judge for the 
northern district of Indiana, one additional district judge for the 
southern district of Indiana, one additional district judge for the 
southern district of Iowa, one additional district judge for the 
district of Kansas, two additional district judges for the eastern 
district of Kentucky, four additional district judges for the eastern 
district of Louisiana, one additional district judge for the middle 
district of Louisiana, one additional district judge for the western 
district of Louisiana, one additional district judge for the district of 
Maine, two additional district judges for the district of Maryland, four 
additional district judges for the district of Massachusetts, three 
additional district judges for the eastern district of Michigan, two 
additional district judges for the western district of Michigan, one 
additional district judge for the district of Minnesota, one additional 
district judge for the eastern district of Missouri, two additional 
district judges for the western district of Missouri, one additional 
district judge for the district of Nevada, one additional district judge 
for the district of New Hampshire, two additional district judges for 
the district of New Jersey, one additional district judge for the 
district of New Mexico, one additional district judge for the northern 
district of New York, one additional district judge for the eastern 
district of New York, one additional district judge for the eastern 
district of North Carolina, one additional district judge for the middle 
district of North Carolina, one additional district judge for the 
western district of North Carolina, one additional district judge for 
the northern district of Ohio, one additional district judge for the 
southern district of Ohio, one additional district judge for the western 
district of Oklahoma, one additional district judge for the northern 
district of Oklahoma, two additional district judges for the district of 
Oregon, two additional district judges for the middle district of 
Pennsylvania, four additional district judges for the district of Puerto 
Rico, three additional district judges for the district of South 
Carolina, one additional district judge for the district of South 
Dakota, one additional district judge for the middle district of 
Tennessee, three additional district judges for the northern district of 
Texas, one additional district judge for the eastern district of Texas, 
five additional district judges for the southern district of Texas, one 
additional district judge for the western district of Texas, one 
additional district judge for the district of Utah, two additional 
district judges for the eastern district of Virginia, two additional 
district judges for the western district of Virginia, one additional 
district judge for the eastern district of Washington, one additional 
district judge for the western district of Washington, one additional 
district judge for the southern district of West Virginia, one 
additional district judge for the eastern district of Wisconsin, and one 
additional district judge for the western district of Wisconsin.''
    Section 2 of Pub. L. 95-486 provided that: ``The President shall 
appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, one 
additional district judge for the eastern district of Kentucky, one 
additional district judge for the district of Minnesota, one additional 
district judge for the northern district of Ohio, and one additional 
district judge for the southern district of West Virginia. The first 
vacancy in the office of district judge in the judicial districts named 
in this section occurring five years or more after the effective date of 
this Act [Oct. 20, 1978] shall not be filled.''
    Section 1(a) of Pub. L. 91-272 provided that: ``The President shall 
appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, one 
additional district judge for the northern district of Alabama, one 
additional district judge for the middle district of Alabama, one 
additional district judge for the district of Arizona, two additional 
district judges for the northern district of California, three 
additional district judges for the central district of California, three 
additional district judges for the southern district of California, one 
additional district judge for the district of Colorado, one additional 
district judge for the middle district of Florida, two additional 
district judges for the southern district of Florida, three additional 
district judges for the northern district of Georgia, one additional 
district judge for the southern district of Georgia, two additional 
district judges for the northern district of Illinois, one additional 
district judge for the eastern district of Kentucky, one additional 
district judge for the western district of Kentucky, two additional 
district judges for the eastern district of Louisiana, one additional 
district judge for the western district of Louisiana, two additional 
district judges for the district of Maryland, two additional district 
judges for the eastern district of Michigan, one additional district 
judge for the eastern district of Missouri, one additional district 
judge for the district of Nebraska, one additional district judge for 
the district of New Jersey, one additional district judge for the 
district of New Mexico, one additional district judge for the eastern 
district of New York, three additional district judges for the southern 
district of New York, one additional district judge for the northern 
district of Ohio, one additional district judge for the southern 
district of Ohio, six additional district judges for the eastern 
district of Pennsylvania, two additional district judges for the western 
district of Pennsylvania, one additional district judge for the district 
of Puerto Rico, one additional district judge for the district of South 
Carolina, one additional district judge for the western district of 
Tennessee, one additional district judge for the northern district of 
Texas, one additional district judge for the eastern district of Texas, 
one additional district judge for the southern district of Texas, one 
additional district judge for the western district of Texas, one 
additional district judge for the eastern district of Virginia, and one 
additional district judge for the southern district of West Virginia.''
    Section 2(a) of Pub. L. 89-372 provided that: The President shall 
appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, one district 
judge for the middle and southern districts of Alabama, one additional 
district judge for the district of Arizona, one additional district 
judge for the northern district of Florida, one additional district 
judge for the middle district of Florida, two additional district judges 
for the southern district of Florida, one additional district judge for 
the northern district of Illinois, one additional district judge for the 
southern district of Indiana, four additional district judges for the 
eastern district of Louisiana, one additional district judge for the 
district of Maryland, one additional district judge for the northern 
district of Mississippi, one additional district judge for the southern 
district of Mississippi, one additional district judge for the western 
district of New York, one additional district judge for the northern 
district of Ohio, one additional district judge for the southern 
district of Ohio, one additional district judge for the district of 
Rhode Island, two additional district judges for the southern district 
of Texas, one additional district judge for the western district of 
Texas, two additional district judges for the eastern district of 
Virginia, and one additional district judge for the district of 
Vermont.''
    Section 2(a) of Pub. L. 87-36 provided that: ``The President shall 
appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, one 
additional district judge for the northern district of Alabama, one 
additional district judge for the district of Alaska, one additional 
district judge for the district of Arizona, one additional district 
judge for the eastern and western districts of Arkansas, two additional 
district judges for the northern district of California, two additional 
district judges for the southern district of California, one additional 
district judge for the district of Colorado, two additional district 
judges for the district of Connecticut, two additional district judges 
for the southern district of Florida, one additional district judge for 
the northern district of Georgia, two additional district judges for the 
northern district of Illinois, one additional district judge for the 
northern district of Indiana, one additional district judge for the 
southern district of Indiana, one additional district judge for the 
northern and southern districts of Iowa, one additional district judge 
for the district of Kansas, two additional district judges for the 
eastern district of Louisiana, one additional district judge for the 
western district of Louisiana, two additional district judges for the 
district of Maryland, one additional district judge for the district of 
Massachusetts, two additional district judges for the eastern district 
of Michigan, one additional district judge for the southern district of 
Mississippi, one additional district judge for the western district of 
Missouri, one additional district judge for the district of Nevada, one 
additional district judge for the district of New Jersey, two additional 
district judges for the eastern district of New York, six additional 
district judges for the southern district of New York, one additional 
district judge for the eastern district of North Carolina, one 
additional district judge for the middle district of North Carolina, one 
additional district judge for the western district of North Carolina, 
one additional district judge for the northern district of Ohio, one 
additional district judge for the northern, eastern, and western 
districts of Oklahoma, three additional district judges for the eastern 
district of Pennsylvania, one additional district judge for the middle 
district of Pennsylvania, two additional district judges for the western 
district of Pennsylvania, one additional district judge for the district 
of Puerto Rico, one additional district judge for the eastern and 
western districts of South Carolina, one additional district judge for 
the eastern district of Tennessee, one additional district judge for the 
middle district of Tennessee, one additional district judge for the 
western district of Tennessee, two additional district judges for the 
northern district of Texas, one additional district judge for the 
southern district of Texas, one additional district judge for the 
western district of Texas and one additional district judge for the 
eastern and western districts of Washington.''
    Subsec. (a)(1) of section 2 of act Feb. 10, 1954, subsec. (a)(3) of 
which section amended the table in this section, provided for the 
appointment by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the 
Senate, of the additional judges for the districts for which additional 
permanent judgeships were provided in the amendment.
    Alabama.--Section 1(b) of Pub. L. 91-272 provided that: ``The 
existing district judgeship for the middle and southern districts of 
Alabama, heretofore provided for by section 133 of title 28 of the 
United States Code, shall hereafter be a district judgeship for the 
southern district of Alabama only, and the present incumbent of such 
judgeship shall henceforth hold his office under such section 133, as 
amended by subsection (d) of this section.''
    California.--Section 3(h) of Pub. L. 89-372 provided that: ``The 
President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the 
Senate, three additional district judges for the central district of 
California, and two additional district judges for the northern district 
of California.''
    Delaware.--Act July 24, 1946, ch. 602, 60 Stat. 654, which 
authorized the appointment of an additional judge for the district of 
Delaware was repealed by section 2 of act Sept. 5, 1950, which by 
section 1 of act Sept. 5, 1950, made the additional judgeship permanent. 
However, section 2 of act Sept. 5, 1950 also provided that the repeal in 
no way affected the tenure of the present incumbent.
    Florida.--Section 2(b) of Pub. L. 89-372 provided that: ``The 
existing district judgeship for the northern, middle and southern 
districts of Florida heretofore provided for by section 133 of title 28, 
United States Code, shall hereafter be a district judgeship for the 
middle district of Florida only, and the present incumbent of such 
judgeship shall henceforth hold his office under section 133, as amended 
by this Act.''
    Georgia.--Act Mar. 29, 1949, ch. 37, 63 Stat. 16, which authorized 
the appointment of an additional judge for the middle district, was 
repealed by section 2(b) of Pub. L. 87-36, which made the judgeship 
permanent and also provided that the incumbent of the judgeship created 
by act Mar. 29, 1949, should henceforth hold his office under this 
section, as amended by Pub. L. 87-36, Sec. 2(d).
    Kansas.--Section 5(a) of Pub. L. 89-372, Mar. 18, 1966, 80 Stat. 78, 
which authorized the appointment of an additional district judge for the 
eastern district of Kansas and which provided that the first vacancy 
which occurred in the office of district judge in such district not be 
filled was repealed by section 1(c) of Pub. L. 91-272, June 2, 1970, 84 
Stat. 294, which provided, in part, that such judgeship be a permanent 
judgeship and that the present incumbent henceforth hold his office 
under this section, as amended by section 1(d) of Pub. L. 91-272.
    Missouri.--The additional judgeship for the eastern and western 
districts, which was authorized by act Dec. 24, 1942, ch. 827, 56 Stat. 
1083, was made permanent by section 2(a)(2) of act Feb. 10, 1954, which 
by section 2(b)(10) of act Feb. 10, 1954 provided that the incumbent of 
the judgeship created by act Dec. 24, 1942, should henceforth hold his 
office under this section, as amended by act Feb. 10, 1954, 
Sec. 2(a)(3).
    Nevada.--Section 2(b)(2) of act Feb. 10, 1954, provided: ``The 
President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the 
Senate, one additional district judge for the district of Nevada. The 
first vacancy occurring in the office of district judge in said district 
shall not be filled.''
    New Jersey.--Section 2(a) of Pub. L. 91-272 provided that: ``The 
President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the 
Senate, one additional district judge for the district of New Jersey. 
The first vacancy occurring in the office of district judge in that 
district shall not be filled.''
    New Mexico.--Act Feb. 10, 1954, ch. 6, Sec. 2(b)(1), 68 Stat. 10, 
which authorized the appointment of an additional judge for the 
district, was repealed by section 2(b) of Pub. L. 87-36, which made the 
judgeship permanent and also provided that the incumbent of the 
judgeship created by act Feb. 10, 1954, should henceforth hold his 
office under this section, as amended by Pub. L. 87-36, Sec. 2(d).
    North Carolina.--Section 2(c) of Pub. L. 91-272 provided that: ``The 
President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the 
Senate, one additional district judge for the eastern district of North 
Carolina. The first vacancy occurring in the office of district judge in 
that district shall not be filled.''
    Ohio.--Act May 1, 1941, ch. 83, 55 Stat. 148, which provided for the 
appointment of an additional judge for the northern district was 
repealed by section 2(e) of act Aug. 3, 1949, which also provided that 
the incumbent of the judgeship created by act May 1, 1941, should 
henceforth hold his office under this section, as amended by act Aug. 3, 
1949, Sec. 2(a).
    Section 2(e)(1), (2) of Pub. L. 87-36 provided that:
    ``(1) The President shall appoint, by and with the advice and 
consent of the Senate, one additional district judge for the southern 
district of Ohio. The first vacancy occurring in the office of district 
judge in said district shall not be filled.
    ``(2) The President shall appoint, by and with the advice and 
consent of the Senate, one additional district judge for the northern 
district of Ohio. The first vacancy occurring in the office of district 
judge in said district shall not be filled.''
    Oklahoma.--Act May 24, 1940, ch. 209, Sec. 2(a), 54 Stat. 219, 
providing for additional judgeships was amended by section 2(b) of act 
Aug. 3, 1949, to strike out ``western district of Oklahoma'', and to 
make the incumbent of the judgeship created by act May 24, 1940, 
henceforth hold his office under this section, as amended by act Aug. 3, 
1949, Sec. 2(a).
    Pennsylvania.--Section 2(b) of Pub. L. 91-272 provided that: ``The 
President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the 
Senate, one additional district judge for the middle district of 
Pennsylvania. The first vacancy occurring in the office of district 
judge in that district shall not be filled.''
    Section 5(b) of Pub. L. 89-372, Mar. 18, 1966, 80 Stat. 78, as 
amended by Pub. L. 90-90, Sept. 23, 1967, 81 Stat. 228, which authorized 
the appointment of three additional district judges for the eastern 
district of Pennsylvania and which provided that the second, third, and 
fourth vacancies occurring after Mar. 18, 1966, in the office of 
district judge in such district not be filled was repealed by section 
1(c) of Pub. L. 91-272, June 2, 1970, 84 Stat. 294, which provided, in 
part, that such judgeships be permanent judgeships and that the present 
incumbents henceforth hold their offices under this section, as amended 
by section 1(d) of Pub. L. 81-272.
    Act Feb. 10, 1954, ch. 6, Sec. 2(b)(5), 68 Stat. 10, which 
authorized the appointment of an additional judge for the western 
district, was repealed by section 2(b) of Pub. L. 87-36, which made the 
judgeship permanent and also provided that the incumbent of the 
judgeship created by act Feb. 10, 1954, should henceforth hold his 
office under this section, as amended by Pub. L. 87-36, Sec. 2(d).
    Section 2 of act July 24, 1946, ch. 600, 60 Stat. 654, as amended by 
section 6 of act Feb. 10, 1954, ch. 6, 68 Stat. 14, provided: ``The 
President is authorized to appoint, by and with the advice and consent 
of the Senate, one additional United States district judge, who shall be 
an additional district judge for the eastern, middle, and western 
districts of Pennsylvania. The judge so appointed shall at the time of 
his appointment be a resident and a citizen of the State of 
Pennsylvania: Provided, That when a vacancy occurs in said office it 
shall not be filled: Provided further, That unless the President shall 
submit a nomination to the Senate to fill the office hereby created 
within ninety days after the effective date of this Act [July 24, 1946], 
then in that event this Act shall be of no force and effect. If a 
vacancy arises in the office of district judge for the middle district 
of Pennsylvania while the judge appointed pursuant to this section is 
holding the office created by this section, such judge shall thereafter 
be a district judge for the middle district of Pennsylvania.''
    Section 2(c) of act Aug. 3, 1949, which provided for an additional 
temporary judgeship for the western district of Pennsylvania was 
repealed by section 2 of act Aug. 29, 1950, which by section 1 of act 
Aug. 29, 1950, made the additional judgeship permanent. However, section 
2 of act Aug. 29, 1950 also provided that the repeal in no way affected 
the tenure of the present incumbent.
    South Carolina.--Section 1(b) of Pub. L. 89-242 provided that: ``The 
existing district judgeships for the Eastern District of South Carolina, 
the Western District of South Carolina, and the Eastern and Western 
Districts of South Carolina heretofore provided for by section 133 of 
title 28 of the United States Code [this section] shall hereafter be 
district judgeships for the District of South Carolina and the present 
incumbents of such judgeships shall henceforth hold their offices under 
section 133, as amended by this Act.''
    South Dakota.--Pub. L. 85-310 provided: ``The President is 
authorized to appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate 
an additional district judge for the district of South Dakota as 
authorized by paragraph (3) of section 2(b) of the act of February 10, 
1954 [set out as a note below].''
    Section 2(b)(3) of act February 10, 1954, as amended by Pub. L. 85-
310, provided: ``The President shall appoint, by and with the advice and 
consent of the Senate, one additional district judge for the district of 
South Dakota.''
    Tennessee.--Section 2(b)(4) of act Feb. 10, 1954, provided: ``The 
President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the 
Senate, one additional district judge for the middle district of 
Tennessee. The first vacancy occurring in the office of district judge 
in said district shall not be filled.''
    Texas.--Act Aug. 3, 1949, ch. 387, Sec. 2(d), 63 Stat. 495, which 
authorized the appointment of an additional judge for the Southern 
district, was repealed by section 2(b)(11) of act Feb. 10, 1954, which 
by section 2(a)(2) of act Feb. 10, 1954, made the additional judgeship 
permanent. Section 2(b)(11) of act Feb. 10, 1954 also provided that the 
incumbent of the judgeship created by section 2(d) of act Aug. 3, 1949, 
should henceforth hold his office under this section, as amended by act 
Feb. 10, 1954, Sec. 2(a)(3).
    Utah.--Act Feb. 10, 1954, ch. 6, Sec. 2(b)(6), 68 Stat. 11, which 
authorized the appointment of an additional judge for the district, was 
repealed by section 2(b) of Pub. L. 87-36, which made the judgeship 
permanent and also provided that the incumbent of the judgeship created 
by act Feb. 10, 1954, should hence forth hold his office under this 
section, as amended by Pub. L. 87-36, Sec. 2(d).
    Virgin Islands.--Section 3(a) of Pub. L. 91-272 provided that: ``The 
President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the 
Senate, one additional judge for the District Court of the Virgin 
Islands, who shall hold office for the term of eight years and until his 
successor is chosen and qualified, unless sooner removed by the 
President for cause.''
    Washington.--Section 1(b) of Pub. L. 95-486 provided that: ``The 
existing district judgeship for the eastern and western districts of 
Washington, heretofore provided for by section 133 of title 28 of the 
United States Code, shall hereafter be a district judgeship for the 
western district of Washington only, and the present incumbent of such 
judgeship shall henceforth hold his office under section 133, as amended 
by this Act.''
    Section 2(c) of Pub. L. 87-36 provided that: ``The existing district 
judgeship for the eastern and western districts of Washington, 
heretofore provided for by section 133 of title 28 of the United States 
Code, shall hereafter be a district judgeship for the western district 
of Washington only, and the present incumbent of such judgeship shall 
henceforth hold his office under section 133, as amended by this Act 
[Pub. L. 87-36].''
    West Virginia.--Section 2 of Pub. L. 97-471 provided that:
    ``(a) The existing district judgeship for the Southern District of 
West Virginia, authorized by section 2 of the Act entitled `An Act to 
provide for the appointment of additional district and circuit judges 
and for other purposes', approved October 20, 1978 [Pub. L. 95-486] (92 
Stat. 1632; 28 U.S.C. 133 note), shall, as of the date of enactment of 
this Act [Jan. 14, 1983], be authorized under section 133 of title 28 of 
the United States Code as a district judgeship for the Northern District 
of West Virginia, and the incumbent of that office shall henceforth hold 
office under section 133, as amended by this Act.
    ``(b) The existing district judgeship for the Northern and Southern 
Districts of West Virginia shall be authorized as the district judgeship 
for the Southern District.''
    The additional judgeship for the northern and southern districts, 
which was authorized by act June 22, 1936, ch. 695, 49 Stat. 1805, was 
made permanent by section 2(a)(2) of act Feb. 10, 1954, which by section 
2(b)(12) of act Feb. 10, 1954, provided that the incumbent of the 
judgeship created by act June 22, 1936, should henceforth hold his 
office under this section, as amended by act Feb. 10, 1954, 
Sec. 2(a)(3).
    Wisconsin.--Section 5(c) of Pub. L. 89-372, Mar. 18, 1966, 80 Stat. 
78, which authorized the appointment of an additional district judge for 
the district of Wisconsin and which provided that the first vacancy 
occurring in the office of district judge in such district not be filled 
was repealed by section 1(c) of Pub. L. 91-272, June 2, 1970, 84 Stat. 
294, which provided, in part, that such judgeship be a permanent 
judgeship and that the present incumbent henceforth hold his office 
under this section, as amended by section 1(d) of Pub. L. 91-272.


          Nomination of Women and Blacks to Federal Judgeships

    Section 8 of Pub. L. 95-486 provided that: ``The Congress--
        ``(1) takes notice of the fact that only 1 percent of Federal 
    judges are women and only 4 percent are blacks; and
        ``(2) suggests that the President, in selecting individuals for 
    nomination to the Federal judgeships created by this Act [for 
    classification see Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note above], 
    give due consideration to qualified individuals regardless of race, 
    color, sex, religion, or national origin.''


                Residence of Additional Judge for Kansas

    Section 2(b)(2) act Aug. 3, 1949, provided that: ``The judge first 
appointed for the district of Kansas under the authority contained in 
subsection (a) [amending this section] shall reside at Wichita.''

                        Executive Order No. 12084

    Ex. Ord. No. 12084, Sept. 27, 1978, 43 F.R. 44815, as amended by Ex. 
Ord. No. 12097, Nov. 8, 1978, 43 F.R. 52455, which established the 
Judicial Nominating Commission for the District of Puerto Rico and 
provided for its membership, functions, etc., was revoked by Ex. Ord. 
No. 12305, May 5, 1981, 46 F.R. 25421, set out as a note under section 
14 of the Federal Advisory Committee Act in the Appendix to Title 5, 
Government Organization and Employees.

                        Executive Order No. 12097

    Ex. Ord. No. 12097, Nov. 8, 1978, 43 F.R. 52455, which provided 
standards and guidelines for the selection of nominees for United States 
district court judgeships, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12553, Feb. 25, 
1986, 51 F.R. 7237.
