
From the U.S. Code Online via GPO Access
[wais.access.gpo.gov]
[Laws in effect as of January 23, 2000]
[Document affected by Public Law 106-386 Section 1406(a)(1)]
[Document affected by Public Law 106-386 Section 1406(d)(2)]
[CITE: 42USC13992]

 
                 TITLE 42--THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
 
         CHAPTER 136--VIOLENT CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT
 
                 SUBCHAPTER III--VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
 
                Part D--Equal Justice for Women in Courts
 
  subpart 1--education and training for judges and court personnel in 
                              state courts
 
Sec. 13992. Training provided by grants

    Training provided pursuant to grants made under this part may 
include current information, existing studies, or current data on--
        (1) the nature and incidence of rape and sexual assault by 
    strangers and nonstrangers, marital rape, and incest;
        (2) the underreporting of rape, sexual assault, and child sexual 
    abuse;
        (3) the physical, psychological, and economic impact of rape and 
    sexual assault on the victim, the costs to society, and the 
    implications for sentencing;
        (4) the psychology of sex offenders, their high rate of 
    recidivism, and the implications for sentencing;
        (5) the historical evolution of laws and attitudes on rape and 
    sexual assault;
        (6) sex stereotyping of female and male victims of rape and 
    sexual assault, racial stereotyping of rape victims and defendants, 
    and the impact of such stereotypes on credibility of witnesses, 
    sentencing, and other aspects of the administration of justice;
        (7) application of rape shield laws and other limits on 
    introduction of evidence that may subject victims to improper sex 
    stereotyping and harassment in both rape and nonrape cases, 
    including the need for sua sponte judicial intervention in 
    inappropriate cross-examination;
        (8) the use of expert witness testimony on rape trauma syndrome, 
    child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome, post-traumatic stress 
    syndrome, and similar issues;
        (9) the legitimate reasons why victims of rape, sexual assault, 
    and incest may refuse to testify against a defendant;
        (10) the nature and incidence of domestic violence;
        (11) the physical, psychological, and economic impact of 
    domestic violence on the victim, the costs to society, and the 
    implications for court procedures and sentencing;
        (12) the psychology and self-presentation of batterers and 
    victims and the implications for court proceedings and credibility 
    of witnesses;
        (13) sex stereotyping of female and male victims of domestic 
    violence, myths about presence or absence of domestic violence in 
    certain racial, ethnic, religious, or socioeconomic groups, and 
    their impact on the administration of justice;
        (14) historical evolution of laws and attitudes on domestic 
    violence;
        (15) proper and improper interpretations of the defenses of 
    self-defense and provocation, and the use of expert witness 
    testimony on battered woman syndrome;
        (16) the likelihood of retaliation, recidivism, and escalation 
    of violence by batterers, and the potential impact of incarceration 
    and other meaningful sanctions for acts of domestic violence 
    including violations of orders of protection;
        (17) economic, psychological, social and institutional reasons 
    for victims' inability to leave the batterer, to report domestic 
    violence or to follow through on complaints, including the influence 
    of lack of support from police, judges, and court personnel, and the 
    legitimate reasons why victims of domestic violence may refuse to 
    testify against a defendant;
        (18) the need for orders of protection, and the implications of 
    mutual orders of protection, dual arrest policies, and mediation in 
    domestic violence cases; and
        (19) recognition of and response to gender-motivated crimes of 
    violence other than rape, sexual assault and domestic violence, such 
    as mass or serial murder motivated by the gender of the victims.

(Pub. L. 103-322, title IV, Sec. 40412, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1943.)

                  Section Referred to in Other Sections

    This section is referred to in sections 14001, 14214 of this title.
