
From the U.S. Code Online via GPO Access
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[Laws in effect as of January 23, 2000]
[Document affected by Public Law 106-525 Section 101(b)(1)]
[Document affected by Public Law 106-580 Section 3(e)]
[Document affected by Public Law 106-525 Section 603]
[Document affected by Public Law 107-84 Section 7]
[CITE: 42USC281]

 
                 TITLE 42--THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
 
                    CHAPTER 6A--PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
 
              SUBCHAPTER III--NATIONAL RESEARCH INSTITUTES
 
                  Part A--National Institutes of Health
 
Sec. 281. Organization of National Institutes of Health


(a) Agency of Public Health Service

    The National Institutes of Health is an agency of the Service.

(b) Agencies within

    (1) The following national research institutes are agencies of the 
National Institutes of Health:
        (A) The National Cancer Institute.
        (B) The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
        (C) The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney 
    Diseases.
        (D) The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and 
    Skin Diseases.
        (E) The National Institute on Aging.
        (F) The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
        (G) The National Institute of Child Health and Human 
    Development.
        (H) The National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research.
        (I) The National Eye Institute.
        (J) The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.
        (K) The National Institute of General Medical Sciences.
        (L) The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.
        (M) The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication 
    Disorders.
        (N) The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
        (O) The National Institute on Drug Abuse.
        (P) The National Institute of Mental Health.
        (Q) The National Institute of Nursing Research.

    (2) The following entities are agencies of the National Institutes 
of Health:
        (A) The National Library of Medicine.
        (B) The National Center for Research Resources.
        (C) The John E. Fogarty International Center for Advanced Study 
    in the Health Sciences.
        (D) The National Center for Human Genome Research.
        (E) The Office of Dietary Supplements.
        (F) The National Center for Complementary and Alternative 
    Medicine.

(c) Establishment of additional national research institutes; 
        reorganization or abolition of institutes

    (1) The Secretary may establish in the National Institutes of Health 
one or more additional national research institutes to conduct and 
support research, training, health information, and other programs with 
respect to any particular disease or groups of diseases or any other 
aspect of human health if--
        (A) the Secretary determines that an additional institute is 
    necessary to carry out such activities; and
        (B) the additional institute is not established before the 
    expiration of 180 days after the Secretary has provided the 
    Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and 
    the Committee on Labor and Human Resources of the Senate written 
    notice of the determination made under subparagraph (A) with respect 
    to the institute.

    (2) The Secretary may reorganize the functions of any national 
research institute and may abolish any national research institute if 
the Secretary determines that the institute is no longer required. A 
reorganization or abolition may not take effect under this paragraph 
before the expiration of 180 days after the Secretary has provided the 
Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Labor and Human Resources of the Senate written notice of 
the reorganization or abolition.

(d) ``National research institute'' defined

    For purposes of this subchapter, the term ``national research 
institute'' means a national research institute listed in subsection (b) 
of this section or established under subsection (c) of this section. A 
reference to the National Institutes of Health includes its agencies.

(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title IV, Sec. 401, as added Pub. L. 99-158, 
Sec. 2, Nov. 20, 1985, 99 Stat. 822; amended Pub. L. 100-553, Sec. 2(1), 
Oct. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 2769; Pub. L. 100-607, title I, Sec. 101(1), 
Nov. 4, 1988, 102 Stat. 3048; Pub. L. 100-690, title II, 
Sec. 2613(b)(2), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4238; Pub. L. 102-321, title 
I, Sec. 121(a), July 10, 1992, 106 Stat. 358; Pub. L. 103-43, title XV, 
Secs. 1501(1), 1511(b)(1), 1521(1), June 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 172, 179, 
180; Pub. L. 103-417, Sec. 13(b), Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 4335; Pub. L. 
105-277, div. A, Sec. 101(f) [title II, Sec. 212, title VI, 
Sec. 601(k)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-337, 2681-359, 2681-388.)


                               Amendments

    1998--Subsec. (b)(1)(H). Pub. L. 105-277, Sec. 101(f) [title II, 
Sec. 212], substituted ``National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial 
Research'' for ``National Institute of Dental Research''.
    Subsec. (b)(2)(F). Pub. L. 105-277, Sec. 101(f) [title VI, 
Sec. 601(k)], added subpar. (F).
    1994--Subsec. (b)(2)(E). Pub. L. 103-417 added subpar. (E).
    1993--Subsec. (b)(1)(Q). Pub. L. 103-43, Sec. 1511(b)(1)(A), added 
subpar. (Q).
    Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 103-43, Sec. 1501(1), amended subpar. (B) 
generally, substituting ``National Center for Research Resources'' for 
``Division of Research Resources''.
    Subsec. (b)(2)(D). Pub. L. 103-43, Secs. 1511(b)(1)(B), 1521(1), 
added subpar. (D) and struck out former subpar. (D) which read as 
follows: ``The National Center for Nursing Research.''
    1992--Subsec. (b)(1)(N) to (P). Pub. L. 102-321 added subpars. (N) 
to (P).
    1988--Subsec. (b)(1)(J), (M). Pub. L. 100-553 and Pub. L. 100-607 
made identical amendments, striking out ``and Communicative'' after 
``Neurological'' in subpar. (J), and adding subpar. (M). Pub. L. 100-690 
amended subsec. (b)(1) to read as if the amendments by Pub. L. 100-607 
had not been enacted.

                         Change of Name

    Committee on Energy and Commerce of House of Representatives treated 
as referring to Committee on Commerce of House of Representatives by 
section 1(a) of Pub. L. 104-14, set out as a note preceding section 21 
of Title 2, The Congress.


                    Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

    Amendment by Pub. L. 102-321 effective Oct. 1, 1992, with provision 
for programs providing financial assistance, see section 801(c), (d) of 
Pub. L. 102-321, set out as a note under section 236 of this title.


                    Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

    For effective date of amendment by Pub. L. 100-690, see section 
2613(b)(1) of Pub. L. 100-690, set out as an Effect of Enactment of 
Similar Provisions note under section 285m of this title.


 Report on Medical Uses of Biological Agents in Development of Defenses 
                       Against Biological Warfare

    Section 1904 of Pub. L. 103-43 directed Secretary of Health and 
Human Services, in consultation with Secretary of Defense and with heads 
of other appropriate executive agencies, to report to Congress, not 
later than 12 months after June 10, 1993, on the appropriateness and 
impact of the National Institutes of Health assuming responsibility for 
the conduct of all Federal research, development, testing, and 
evaluation functions relating to medical countermeasures against 
biowarfare threat agents.


                     Research on Lupus Erythematosus

    Section 5 of Pub. L. 99-158, as amended by Pub. L. 102-531, title 
III, Sec. 312(f), Oct. 27, 1992, 106 Stat. 3506, directed Secretary of 
Health and Human Resources to establish a Lupus Erythematosus 
Coordinating Committee to plan, develop, coordinate, and implement 
comprehensive Federal initiatives in research on Lupus Erythematosus, 
provided for composition of committee and meetings, and directed 
Committee to prepare a report for Congress on its activities, to be 
submitted not later than 18 months after Nov. 20, 1985, with Committee 
to terminate one month after the report was submitted.


             Interagency Committee on Learning Disabilities

    Section 9 of Pub. L. 99-158 directed Director of the National 
Institutes of Health, not later than 90 days after Nov. 20, 1985, to 
establish an Interagency Committee on Learning Disabilities to review 
and assess Federal research priorities, activities, and findings 
regarding learning disabilities (including central nervous system 
dysfunction in children), provided for composition of the Committee, 
directed Committee to report to Congress on its activities not later 
than 18 months after Nov. 20, 1985, and provided that the Committee 
terminate 90 days after submission of the report.
