
From the U.S. Code Online via GPO Access
[wais.access.gpo.gov]
[Laws in effect as of January 23, 2000]
[Document not affected by Public Laws enacted between
  January 23, 2000 and December 4, 2001]
[CITE: 42USC4953]

 
                 TITLE 42--THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
 
                 CHAPTER 66--DOMESTIC VOLUNTEER SERVICES
 
          SUBCHAPTER I--NATIONAL VOLUNTEER ANTIPOVERTY PROGRAMS
 
                Part A--Volunteers in Service to America
 
Sec. 4953. Selection and assignment of volunteers


(a) Covered projects and programs

    The Director, on the receipt of applications by public or nonprofit 
private organizations to receive volunteers under this part, may assign 
volunteers selected under subsection (b) of this section to work in 
appropriate projects and programs sponsored by such organizations, 
including work--
        (1) in meeting the health, education, welfare, or related needs 
    of Indians living on reservations or Federal trust lands, of 
    migratory and seasonal farmworkers and their families, and of 
    residents of the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto 
    Rico, Guam, American Samoa, or the Virgin Islands;
        (2) in the care and rehabilitation of mentally ill, 
    developmentally disabled, and other handicapped individuals, 
    especially those with severe handicaps;
        (3) in addressing the problems of the homeless, the jobless, the 
    hungry, and low-income youths;
        (4) in addressing the special needs connected with alcohol and 
    drug abuse prevention, education, and related activities, consistent 
    with the purpose of this part;
        (5) in addressing significant health care problems, including 
    chronic and life-threatening illnesses and health care for homeless 
    individuals (especially homeless children) through prevention, 
    treatment, and community-based care activities;
        (6) in connection with programs or activities authorized, 
    supported, or of a character eligible for assistance under this 
    chapter or the Community Service Block Grant Act [42 U.S.C. 9901 et 
    seq.], titles VIII and X of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 [42 
    U.S.C. 2991 et seq., 2996 et seq.], the Headstart Act [42 U.S.C. 
    9831 et seq.], the Community Economic Development Act of 1981 [42 
    U.S.C. 9801 et seq.], or other similar Acts, in furtherance of the 
    purpose of this subchapter; and
        (7) in strengthening, supplementing, and expanding efforts to 
    address the problem of illiteracy throughout the United States.

(b) Recruitment and placement procedures for local and national 
        placement of volunteers; establishment, requirements, etc.

    (1) The Director shall establish recruitment and placement 
procedures that offer opportunities for both local and national 
placement of volunteers for service under this part.
    (2)(A) The Director shall establish and maintain within the national 
headquarters of the Corporation (or any successor entity of such agency) 
a volunteer placement office which shall be responsible for all 
functions related to the recruitment and placement of volunteers under 
this part. Such functions and activities shall be carried out in 
coordination or in conjunction with recruitment and placement activities 
carried out under the National and Community Service Trust Act of 1993. 
Upon the transfer of the functions of the ACTION Agency to the 
Corporation for National and Community Service, the office established 
under this subparagraph shall be merged with the recruitment office of 
such Corporation. At no time after such transfer of functions shall more 
than one office responsible primarily for recruitment exist within the 
Corporation.
    (B) Such volunteer placement office shall develop, operate, and 
maintain a current and comprehensive central information system that 
shall, on request, promptly provide information--
        (i) to individuals, with respect to specific opportunities for 
    service as a volunteer with approved projects or programs to which 
    no volunteer has been assigned; and
        (ii) to approved projects or programs, with respect to the 
    availability of individuals whose applications for service as a 
    volunteer have been approved and who are awaiting an assignment with 
    a specific project or program.

    (C) The Director shall assign or hire as necessary, such additional 
national, regional, and State personnel to carry out the functions 
described in this subsection and subsection (c) of this section as may 
be necessary to ensure that such functions are carried out in a timely 
and effective manner. The Director shall give priority in the hiring of 
such additional personnel to individuals who have formerly served as 
volunteers under this part and to individuals who have specialized 
experience in the recruitment of volunteers.
    (3) Volunteers shall be selected from among qualified individuals 
submitting an application for such service at such time, in such form, 
and containing such information as may be necessary to evaluate the 
suitability of each individual for such service and to determine, in 
accordance with paragraph (7),\1\ the most appropriate assignment for 
each such volunteer. The Director shall approve the application of each 
individual who applies in conformance with this subsection and who, on 
the basis of the information provided in the application, is determined 
by the Director to be qualified to serve as a volunteer under this part.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ So in original. Probably should be paragraph ``(5)''.
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    (4) The Director shall ensure that applications for service as a 
volunteer under this part are available to the public on request to the 
Corporation (including any State or regional offices of the Agency) \2\ 
and that an individual making such request is informed of the manner in 
which such application is required to be submitted. A completed 
application may be submitted by any interested individual to, and shall 
be accepted by, any office of the Corporation.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \2\ So in original. Probably should be ``the Corporation)''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (5)(A) The Director shall provide for the assignment of each 
applicant approved as a volunteer under this part to a project or 
program that is, to the maximum extent practicable, consistent with the 
abilities, experiences, and preferences of such applicant that are set 
forth in the application described in paragraph (4) and the needs and 
preferences of projects or programs approved for the assignment of such 
volunteers.
    (B) In carrying out subparagraph (A), the Director shall utilize the 
information system established under paragraph (2)(B).
    (C) A sponsoring organization of VISTA may recruit volunteers for 
service under this part. The Director shall give a locally recruited 
volunteer priority for placement in the sponsoring organization of VISTA 
that recruited such volunteer.
    (D) A volunteer under this part shall not be assigned to any project 
or program without the express approval and consent of such project or 
program.
    (E) If an applicant under this part who is recruited locally becomes 
unavailable for service prior to the commencement of service, the 
recipient of the project grant or contract that was designated to 
receive the services of such applicant may replace such applicant with 
another qualified applicant approved by the Director.
    (F) If feasible and appropriate, low-income community volunteers 
shall be given the option of serving in the home communities of such 
volunteers in teams with nationally recruited specialist volunteers. The 
Director shall attempt to assign such volunteers to serve in the home or 
nearby communities of such volunteers and shall make national efforts to 
attract other individuals to serve in the VISTA program. The Director 
shall also, in the assignment of volunteers under this subparagraph, 
recognize that community-identified needs that cannot be met in the 
local area and the individual desires of VISTA volunteers in regard to 
the service in various geographical areas of the United States should be 
taken into consideration.

(c) Public awareness and recruit activities; dissemination of 
        information; reimbursement of costs; coordination; obligation of 
        funds

    (1) The Director, in conjunction with the personnel described in 
subsection (b)(2)(C) of this section, shall engage in public awareness 
and recruitment activities. Such activities may include--
        (A) public service announcements through radio, television, and 
    the print media;
        (B) advertising through the print media, direct mail, and other 
    means;
        (C) disseminating information about opportunities for service as 
    a volunteer under this part to relevant entities including 
    institutions of higher education and other educational institutions 
    (including libraries), professional associations, community-based 
    agencies, youth service and volunteer organizations, business 
    organizations, labor unions, senior citizens organizations, and 
    other institutions and organizations from or through which potential 
    volunteers may be recruited;
        (D) disseminating such information through presentations made 
    personally by employees of the Corporation or other designees of the 
    Director, to students and faculty at institutions of higher 
    education and to other entities described in subparagraph (C), 
    including presentations made at the facilities, conventions, or 
    other meetings of such entities;
        (E) publicizing the student loan deferment and forgiveness 
    opportunities available to VISTA volunteers under parts B and E of 
    title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 1071 et 
    seq., 1087aa et seq.] and including such information in all 
    applications and recruitment materials;
        (F) publicizing national service educational awards available 
    under the National and Community Service Trust Act of 1993;
        (G) providing, on request, technical assistance with the 
    recruitment of volunteers under this part to programs and projects 
    receiving assistance under this part; and
        (H) maintaining and publicizing a national toll-free telephone 
    number through which individuals may obtain information about 
    opportunities for service as a volunteer under this part and request 
    and receive an application for such service.

    (2) In designing and implementing the activities authorized under 
this section, the Director shall seek to involve individuals who have 
formerly served as volunteers under this part to assist in the 
dissemination of information concerning the program established under 
this part. The Director may reimburse the costs incurred by such former 
volunteers for such participation, including expenses incurred for 
travel.
    (3) The Director shall consult with the Director of the Peace Corps 
to coordinate the recruitment and public awareness activities carried 
out under this subsection with those of the Peace Corps and to develop 
joint procedures and activities for the recruitment of volunteers to 
serve under this part.
    (4) Beginning in fiscal year 1991 and for each fiscal year 
thereafter, for the purpose of carrying out this subsection, the 
Director shall obligate not less than 1.5 percent of the amounts 
appropriated for each fiscal year under section 5081(a) of this title.

(d) Provision of plans to volunteers for job advancement; coordination 
        with private industry councils or local workforce investment 
        boards

    The Director shall provide each low-income community volunteer with 
an individual plan for job advancement or for transition to a situation 
leading to gainful employment. Whenever feasible, such efforts shall be 
coordinated with an appropriate private industry council established 
under the Job Training Partnership Act [29 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.] or local 
workforce investment board established under section 2832 of title 29.

(e) Educational and vocational counseling for volunteers; Director to 
        provide

    The Director may provide or arrange for educational and vocational 
counseling of volunteers and recent former volunteers under this part to 
(1) encourage them to use, in the national interest, the skills and 
experience which they have derived from their training and service, 
particularly working in combating poverty as members of the helping 
professions, and (2) promote the development of appropriate 
opportunities for the use of such skills and experience, and the 
placement therein of such volunteers.

(f) Terms and conditions; restrictions on political activities; place of 
        service

    Except as provided in subsection (e) of this section, the assignment 
of volunteers under this section shall be on such terms and conditions 
(including restrictions on political activities that appropriately 
recognize the special status of volunteers living among the persons or 
groups served by programs to which they have been assigned) as the 
Director may determine, including work assignments in their own or 
nearby communities.

(g) Program or project submittal to Governor; commencement and 
        termination of service

    Volunteers under this part shall not be assigned to work in a 
program or project in any community unless the application for such 
program or project contains evidence of local support and has been 
submitted to the Governor or other chief executive officer of the State 
concerned, and such Governor or other chief executive officer has not, 
within 45 days of the date of such submission, notified the Director in 
writing, supported by a statement of reasons, that such Governor or 
other chief executive officer disapproves such program or project. In 
the event of a timely request in writing, supported by a statement of 
reasons, by the Governor or other chief executive officer of the State 
concerned, the Director shall terminate a program or project or the 
assignment of a volunteer to a program or project not later than 30 days 
after the date such request is received by the Director, or at such 
later date as is agreed upon by the Director and such Governor or other 
chief executive officer.

(h) Interagency agreements

    The Director is encouraged to enter into agreements with other 
Federal agencies to use VISTA volunteers in furtherance of program 
objectives that are consistent with the purposes described in section 
4951 of this title.

(Pub. L. 93-113, title I, Sec. 103, Oct. 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 396; Pub. L. 
96-143, Sec. 2, Dec. 13, 1979, 93 Stat. 1074; Pub. L. 98-288, Sec. 4(a)-
(c)(1), (d), May 21, 1984, 98 Stat. 189, 190; Pub. L. 99-551, Sec. 3(a), 
Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3071; Pub. L. 101-204, title I, Sec. 101(a), 
(b), (d)(2), title VII, Sec. 701, Dec. 7, 1989, 103 Stat. 1807, 1809, 
1811, 1820; Pub. L. 103-82, title III, Sec. 323, title IV, 
Sec. 405(a)(2)-(4), Sept. 21, 1993, 107 Stat. 899, 920; Pub. L. 103-304, 
Sec. 3(b)(7), (8), Aug. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 1568; Pub. L. 105-277, div. 
A, Sec. 101(f) [title VIII, Sec. 405(d)(36)(A), (f)(28)(A)], Oct. 21, 
1998, 112 Stat. 2681-337, 2681-427, 2681-434.)

                       Amendment of Subsection (d)

        Pub. L. 105-277, div. A, Sec. 101(f) [title VIII, 
    Sec. 405(f)(28)(A), (g)(2)(B)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-337, 
    2681-434, 2681-435, provided that, effective July 1, 2000, the 
    second sentence of subsection (d) of this section is amended to read 
    as follows: ``private industry council established under the Job 
    Training Partnership Act or''.

                       References in Text

    The Community Service Block Grant Act, referred to in subsec. 
(a)(6), probably means the Community Services Block Grant Act, which is 
subtitle B (Sec. 671 et seq.) of title VI of Pub. L. 97-35, Aug. 13, 
1981, 95 Stat. 511, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 
106 (Sec. 9901 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of 
this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 9901 of 
this title and Tables.
    The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, referred to in subsec. (a)(6), 
is Pub. L. 88-452, Aug. 20, 1964, 78 Stat. 508, as amended. Titles VIII 
and X of the Act are classified generally to subchapters VIII (Sec. 2991 
et seq.) and X (Sec. 2996 et seq.), respectively, of chapter 34 of this 
title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
    The Headstart Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(6), probably means the 
Head Start Act, subchapter B (Secs. 635-657) of chapter 8 of subtitle A 
of title VI of Pub. L. 97-35, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 499, as amended, 
which is classified generally to subchapter II (Sec. 9831 et seq.) of 
chapter 105 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to 
the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 9801 of this title 
and Tables.
    The Community Economic Development Act of 1981, referred to in 
subsec. (a)(6), is subchapter A (Secs. 611-633) of chapter 8 of subtitle 
A of title VI of Pub. L. 97-35, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 489, as amended, 
which is classified generally to subchapter I (Sec. 9801 et seq.) of 
chapter 105 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to 
the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 9801 of this title 
and Tables.
    The National and Community Service Trust Act of 1993, referred to in 
subsecs. (b)(2)(A) and (c)(1)(F), is Pub. L. 103-82, Sept. 21, 1993, 107 
Stat. 785. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see 
Short Title note set out under section 12501 of this title and Tables.
    The Higher Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (c)(1)(E), 
is Pub. L. 89-329, Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1219, as amended. Parts B and 
E of title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 are classified to 
parts B (Sec. 1071 et seq.) and D (Sec. 1087aa et seq.), respectively, 
of subchapter IV of chapter 28 of Title 20, Education. For complete 
classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out 
under section 1001 of Title 20 and Tables.
    The Job Training Partnership Act, referred to in subsec. (d), is 
Pub. L. 97-300, Oct. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1322, as amended, which is 
classified generally to chapter 19 (Sec. 1501 et seq.) of Title 29, 
Labor. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short 
Title note set out under section 1501 of Title 29 and Tables.


                               Amendments

    1998--Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105-277, Sec. 101(f) [title VIII, 
Sec. 405(d)(36)(A)], substituted ``Whenever feasible, such efforts shall 
be coordinated with an appropriate private industry council established 
under the Job Training Partnership Act or local workforce investment 
board established under section 2832 of title 29.'' for ``Whenever 
feasible, such efforts shall be coordinated with an appropriate private 
industry council under the Job Training Partnership Act.''
    1994--Subsec. (b)(5), (6). Pub. L. 103-304, Sec. 3(b)(7), 
redesignated par. (6) as (5).
    Subsec. (c)(1)(F). Pub. L. 103-304, Sec. 3(b)(8), realigned margin.
    1993--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103-82, Sec. 323(a)(1), substituted 
``public'' for ``a public'' in introductory provisions.
    Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 103-82, Sec. 323(a)(2), directed amendment 
of par. (2) by striking ``and'' at end. See 1984 Amendment note below.
    Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 103-82, Sec. 323(a)(3), struck out 
``illiterate or functionally illiterate youth and other individuals,'' 
after ``the hungry,''.
    Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 103-82, Sec. 323(a)(4), struck out ``and'' 
at end.
    Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 103-82, Sec. 323(a)(5), struck out ``or'' 
before ``the Community Economic'', inserted ``or other similar Acts,'' 
before ``in furtherance of'', and substituted ``; and'' for period at 
end.
    Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 103-82, Sec. 323(a)(6), added par. (7).
    Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 103-82, Sec. 405(a)(2), substituted ``the 
Corporation (or any'' for ``the ACTION Agency (or any''.
    Pub. L. 103-82, Sec. 323(b)(1)(A), amended subpar. (A) generally. 
Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: ``The Director shall 
establish and maintain within the national headquarters of the ACTION 
Agency a volunteer placement office. The office shall be headed by an 
individual designated by the Director to be the national Administrator 
of Recruitment and Placement, who shall be responsible for carrying out 
the functions described in this subsection and subsection (c) of this 
section and all other functions delegated by the Director relating to 
the recruitment and placement of volunteers under this part.''
    Subsec. (b)(2)(C), (D). Pub. L. 103-82, Sec. 323(b)(1)(B), (C), 
redesignated subpar. (D) as (C) and struck out former subpar. (C) which 
read as follows: ``The Director shall, at a minimum, designate one 
employee of the ACTION Agency in each region of the United States whose 
primary duties and responsibilities shall be to assist the Administrator 
in carrying out the functions described in this subsection and 
subsection (c) of this section.''
    Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 103-82, Sec. 405(a)(3), substituted ``the 
Corporation'' for ``the ACTION Agency'' in two places.
    Pub. L. 103-82, Sec. 323(b)(2), (3), redesignated par. (5) as (4) 
and struck out former par. (4) which read as follows: ``Each application 
for service as a volunteer under this part shall--
        ``(A) indicate the period of time during which the applicant is 
    available to serve as a volunteer under this part;
        ``(B) describe the previous education, training, military and 
    work experience, and any other relevant skills or interests of the 
    applicant;
        ``(C) specify the State or geographic region in which the 
    applicant prefers to be assigned; and
        ``(D) specify--
            ``(i) the type of project or program to which the applicant 
        prefers to be assigned; or
            ``(ii) the particular project or program to which the 
        applicant prefers to be assigned.''
    Subsec. (b)(5) to (7). Pub. L. 103-82, Sec. 323(b)(2), (3), 
redesignated pars. (5) and (7) as (4) and (6), respectively, and struck 
out former par. (6) which read as follows: ``Completed applications 
received by the ACTION Agency shall be forwarded to the regional ACTION 
office representing the State in which such applicant resides. The 
regional or State employees designated in subparagraphs (C) and (D) of 
paragraph (2) shall assist in evaluating such applications and, to the 
extent feasible and appropriate, interviewing applicants.''
    Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 103-82, Sec. 323(c)(1)(A), (B), in 
introductory provisions, substituted ``personnel described in subsection 
(b)(2)(C)'' for ``regional or State employees designated in 
subparagraphs (C) and (D) of subsection (b)(2)'' and ``Such activities 
may include'' for ``Such activities shall include''.
    Subsec. (c)(1)(D). Pub. L. 103-82, Sec. 405(a)(4), substituted ``the 
Corporation'' for ``the ACTION Agency''.
    Subsec. (c)(1)(F) to (H). Pub. L. 103-82, Sec. 323(c)(1)(C), (D), 
added subpar. (F) and redesignated former subpars. (F) and (G) as (G) 
and (H), respectively.
    Subsec. (c)(4) to (6). Pub. L. 103-82, Sec. 323(c)(2), (3), 
redesignated par. (6) as (4) and struck out former par. (4) which 
required Director to develop annual plan for recruitment of volunteers 
under this part and former par. (5) which required that at least 20 
percent of volunteers under this part be between ages 18 and 27 and that 
at least 20 percent be 55 or older.
    Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 103-82, Sec. 323(d), added subsec. (h).
    1989--Pub. L. 101-204, Sec. 101(d)(2)(A), substituted ``Selection 
and assignment'' for ``Assignment'' in section catchline.
    Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101-204, Sec. 101(d)(2)(B), inserted 
introductory provisions and struck out former introductory provisions 
which read as follows: ``The Director, upon request of Federal, State, 
or local agencies, or private nonprofit organizations, may assign such 
volunteers to work in the several States in the local communities in 
which the volunteers were recruited in appropriate projects and 
programs, including work--''.
    Subsec. (a)(5), (6). Pub. L. 101-204, Sec. 701, added par. (5) and 
redesignated former par. (5) as (6).
    Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101-204, Sec. 101(a), amended subsec. (b) 
generally. Prior to amendment subsec. (b) read as follows: ``The 
Director shall establish, at a cost not to exceed $250,000, procedures 
to recruit and place individuals from all walks of life, age groups, 
economic levels, and geographic areas to serve as VISTA volunteers. The 
procedures shall include an information system to ensure that potential 
applicants are made aware of the broad range of VISTA volunteer 
opportunities and a system to identify and place qualified volunteers 
where their skills are most needed. The Director shall also establish 
procedures for national and local recruitment, media and public 
awareness efforts, and specialized campaigns designed to recruit recent 
college graduates, special skilled volunteers, and individuals 55 years 
of age and older. The Director, wherever feasible and appropriate, shall 
assign low-income community volunteers to serve in their home 
communities in teams with nationally recruited specialist volunteers. 
The Director shall make efforts to assign volunteers to serve in their 
home or nearby communities and shall make national efforts to attract 
other volunteers to serve in the VISTA program. The Director shall also, 
in the assignment of volunteers, recognize that the community identified 
needs which cannot be met in the local area, and the individual desires 
of VISTA volunteers in regard to placement in various geographic areas 
of the Nation, should be taken into consideration.''
    Subsecs. (c) to (e). Pub. L. 101-204, Sec. 101(b), added subsec. (c) 
and redesignated former subsecs. (c) and (d) as (d) and (e), 
respectively.
    Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101-204, Sec. 101(b)(1), (d)(2)(C), 
redesignated subsec. (e) as (f) and substituted reference to subsec. (e) 
of this section for reference to subsec. (d) of this section. Former 
subsec. (f) redesignated (g).
    Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 101-204, Sec. 101(b)(1), redesignated former 
subsec. (f) as (g).
    1986--Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99-551 amended subsec. (b) generally. 
Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows: ``The Director, 
wherever feasible and appropriate, shall assign low-income community 
volunteers to serve in their home communities in teams with nationally 
recruited specialist volunteers. The Director shall make efforts to 
assign volunteers to serve in their home communities or in nearby 
communities and shall make national efforts to attract other volunteers 
to serve in the VISTA program.''
    1984--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98-288, Sec. 4(a)(1), inserted ``in the 
local communities in which the volunteers were recruited'' and inserted 
``, including work'' in provisions before par. (1).
    Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 98-288, Sec. 4(a)(2), which directed 
substitution of a semicolon for ``, under the supervision of nonprofit 
institutions or facilities, and'', was executed by making the 
substitution for ``, under the supervision of nonprofit institutions or 
facilities; and'' to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
    Subsec. (a)(3), (4). Pub. L. 98-288, Sec. 4(a)(4), added pars. (3) 
and (4). Former par. (3) redesignated (5).
    Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 98-288, Sec. 4(a)(3), (4), redesignated par. 
(3) as (5), and substituted ``the Community Service Block Grant Act, 
titles VIII and X of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, the Headstart 
Act, or the Community Economic Development Act of 1981,'' for ``the 
Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, as amended''.
    Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98-288, Sec. 4(b), substituted ``The Director 
shall make efforts to assign volunteers to serve in their home 
communities or in nearby communities and shall make national efforts to 
attract other volunteers to serve in the VISTA program'' for ``Not later 
than 30 days after the assignment of any such community volunteer, the 
Director shall insure that each such volunteer is provided an individual 
plan designed to provide an opportunity for job advancement or for 
transition to a situation leading to gainful employment. One hundred and 
twenty days prior to the completion of such community volunteer's term 
of service, the Director shall insure that such plan is updated and 
reviewed with the volunteer. The Director shall offer to provide each 
volunteer enrolled for a period of full-time service of not less than 
one year under this subchapter, and, upon the request of such volunteer, 
provide such volunteer with an individual and updated plan as described 
in the preceding two sentences''.
    Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 98-288, Sec. 4(c)(1)(B), added subsecs. 
(c) and (d). Former subsecs. (c) and (d) redesignated subsecs. (e) and 
(f), respectively.
    Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 98-288, Sec. 4(c)(1)(A), redesignated subsec. 
(c) as (e).
    Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 98-288, Sec. 4(c)(1)(A), (d), redesignated 
subsec. (d) as (f), and substituted ``work in a program or project in 
any community unless the application for such program or project 
contains evidence of local support and'' for ``duties or work in a 
program or project in any State unless such program or project''.
    1979--Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96-143, Sec. 2(a), substituted ``Not 
later than 30 days after'' for ``Prior to'' and inserted provisions that 
the Director offer to provide each volunteer enrolled for a period of 
full-time service of not less than one year under this subchapter, and, 
upon the request of such volunteer, provide such volunteer with an 
individual and updated plan as described in the preceding two sentences.
    Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 96-143, Sec. 2(b), inserted ``in a program or 
project'' after ``work'' and ``or project'' after ``program'' and 
inserted provisions requiring notification by a Governor or other chief 
executive officer to the Director that such Governor or other chief 
executive officer has disapproved a program or project under this 
section and requiring the Director to terminate a program or project 
under this section in the event of a timely request by the Governor or 
other chief executive officer not later than 30 days after the date such 
request is received or at such date agreed upon by the Director and such 
Governor or other chief executive officer.


                    Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

    Amendment by section 101(f) [title VIII, Sec. 405(d)(36)(A)] of Pub. 
L. 105-277 effective Oct. 21, 1998, and amendment by section 101(f) 
[title VIII, Sec. 405(f)(28)(A)] of Pub. L. 105-277 effective July 1, 
2000, see section 101(f) [title VIII, Sec. 405(g)(1), (2)(B)] of Pub. L. 
105-277, set out as a note under section 3502 of Title 5, Government 
Organization and Employees.


                    Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

    Section 3(b)(10) of Pub. L. 103-304 provided that:
    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the 
amendments made by this subsection [amending this section and sections 
5024, 12591, 12602, 12615, 12619, 12622, 12651d, 12653, and 12655n of 
this title] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act 
[Aug. 23, 1994].
    ``(B) Retroactive effective date.--The amendments made by paragraphs 
(1) and (2) [amending sections 12651d and 12655n of this title] shall 
take effect as of October 1, 1993.''


                    Effective Date of 1993 Amendment

    Amendment by section 323 of Pub. L. 103-82 effective Oct. 1, 1993, 
see section 392 of Pub. L. 103-82, set out as a note under section 4951 
of this title.
    Amendment by section 405(a)(2) to (4) of Pub. L. 103-82 effective 
Apr. 4, 1994, see section 406(b) of Pub. L. 103-82, set out as a note 
under section 8332 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.


                    Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

    Amendment by Pub. L. 99-551 effective Oct. 1, 1986, except as 
otherwise provided, see section 11 of Pub. L. 99-551, set out as an 
Effective Date note under section 4950 of this title.

                  Section Referred to in Other Sections

    This section is referred to in sections 4954, 4972 of this title.
