
From the U.S. Code Online via GPO Access
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[Laws in effect as of January 23, 2000]
[Document not affected by Public Laws enacted between
  January 23, 2000 and December 4, 2001]
[CITE: 45USC1]

 
                           TITLE 45--RAILROADS
 
CHAPTER 1--SAFETY APPLIANCES AND EQUIPMENT ON RAILROAD ENGINES AND CARS, 
                AND PROTECTION OF EMPLOYEES AND TRAVELERS
 
Secs. 1 to 14. Repealed. Pub. L. 103-272, Sec. 7(b), July 5, 
        1994, 108 Stat. 1379
        
    Section 1, acts Mar. 2, 1893, ch. 196, Sec. 1, 27 Stat. 531; June 
22, 1988, Pub. L. 100-342, Sec. 13(1)(A), 102 Stat. 630, related to use 
of power driving-wheel brakes and appliances for operating train-brake 
systems. See section 20302 of Title 49, Transportation.
    Section 2, acts Mar. 2, 1893, ch. 196, Sec. 2, 27 Stat. 531; June 
22, 1988, Pub. L. 100-342, Sec. 13(1)(B), 102 Stat. 630, related to use 
of cars not equipped with automatic couplers. See section 20302 of Title 
49.
    Section 3, acts Mar. 2, 1893, ch. 196, Sec. 3, 27 Stat. 531; June 
22, 1988, Pub. L. 100-342, Sec. 13(1)(C), 102 Stat. 630, related to 
refusal to receive insufficiently equipped cars from connecting lines. 
See section 20302 of Title 49.
    Section 4, acts Mar. 2, 1893, ch. 196, Sec. 4, 27 Stat. 531; Oct. 
15, 1966, Pub. L. 89-670, Sec. 6(e)(1)(A), 80 Stat. 939; June 22, 1988, 
Pub. L. 100-342, Sec. 13(1)(D), 102 Stat. 630, related to grab irons or 
handholds for security in coupling and uncoupling cars. See section 
20302 of Title 49.
    Section 5, acts Mar. 2, 1893, ch. 196, Sec. 5, 27 Stat. 531; June 
22, 1988, Pub. L. 100-342, Sec. 13(1)(E), 102 Stat. 630, related to 
exclusion from traffic of freight cars not complying with prescribed 
standard for height of drawbars.
    Section 6, acts Mar. 2, 1893, ch. 196, Sec. 6, 27 Stat. 532; Apr. 1, 
1896, ch. 87, 29 Stat. 85; June 25, 1948, ch. 646, Sec. 1, 62 Stat. 909; 
Aug. 14, 1957, Pub. L. 85-135, Sec. 1(1), 71 Stat. 352; Oct. 15, 1966, 
Pub. L. 89-670, Sec. 6(e)(1)(A), 80 Stat. 939; July 8, 1976, Pub. L. 94-
348, Sec. 3(a), 90 Stat. 818; Nov. 2, 1978, Pub. L. 95-574, Sec. 7(a), 
92 Stat. 2461; Oct. 10, 1980, Pub. L. 96-423, Sec. 8(b), 94 Stat. 1814; 
June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100-342, Sec. 13(1)(F), 102 Stat. 630; Sept. 3, 
1992, Pub. L. 102-365, Secs. 4(a)(1), (c)(3), 9(a)(3), 106 Stat. 973, 
974, 977, related to use of cars in violation of sections 1 to 7 of this 
title and enforcement duties of United States attorneys and Secretary of 
Transportation. See sections 20301, 21302, and 21304 of Title 49, 
Transportation.
    Section 7, acts Mar. 2, 1893, ch. 196, Sec. 8, 27 Stat. 532; June 
22, 1988, Pub. L. 100-342, Sec. 13(1)(H), 102 Stat. 631, related to 
assumption of risk by railroad employees. See section 20304 of Title 49.
    Section 8, acts Mar. 2, 1903, ch. 976, Sec. 1, 32 Stat. 943; June 
22, 1988, Pub. L. 100-342, Sec. 13(2)(A), 102 Stat. 631, extended 
provisions of sections 1 to 7 of this title to include railroads in the 
Territories and the District of Columbia and to apply in other cases. 
See sections 20301, 20302, 20304, and 21302 of Title 49.
    Section 9, acts Mar. 2, 1903, ch. 976, Sec. 2, 32 Stat. 943; Apr. 
11, 1958, Pub. L. 85-375, 72 Stat. 86; Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89-670, 
Sec. 6(e)(1)(B), 80 Stat. 939; June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100-342, 
Sec. 13(2)(B), 102 Stat. 631, provided that locomotive engineers were to 
operate power and train brakes on not less than 50 percent of cars of 
trains operated with power or train brakes, and retained rules, 
standards, and instructions of Association of American Railroads for 
installation, inspection, maintenance, and repair of such brakes. See 
sections 20301, 20302, and 21302 of Title 49.
    Section 10, acts Mar. 2, 1903, ch. 976, Sec. 3, 32 Stat. 943; June 
25, 1948, ch. 646, Sec. 1, 62 Stat. 909; Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89-670, 
Sec. 6(e)(1)(B), 80 Stat. 939; June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100-342, 
Sec. 13(2)(C), 102 Stat. 631; Sept. 3, 1992, Pub. L. 102-365, 
Sec. 9(a)(4), 106 Stat. 977, related to continuation of duties, 
requirements, and liabilities specified under sections 1 to 7 of this 
title unless specifically amended by sections 8 to 10 of this title. See 
section 21302 of Title 49.
    Section 11, acts Apr. 14, 1910, ch. 160, Sec. 2, 36 Stat. 298; June 
22, 1988, Pub. L. 100-342, Sec. 13(3)(A), 102 Stat. 631, related to use 
of cars not equipped as required by sections 11 to 16 of this title. See 
section 20302 of Title 49.
    Section 12, acts Apr. 14, 1910, ch. 160, Sec. 3, 36 Stat. 298; Oct. 
15, 1966, Pub. L. 89-670, Sec. 6(e)(1)(C), 80 Stat. 939; June 22, 1988, 
Pub. L. 100-342, Sec. 13(3)(B), 102 Stat. 631, continued to maintain 
designations of safety appliances by Secretary of Transportation as 
standards of equipment for railroad cars, unless changed by order of 
Secretary, and authorized Secretary to modify standard height of 
drawbars. See sections 20302 and 21302 of Title 49.
    Section 13, acts Apr. 14, 1910, ch. 160, Sec. 4, 36 Stat. 299; Aug. 
14, 1957, Pub. L. 85-135, Sec. 1(2), 71 Stat. 352; July 8, 1976, Pub. L. 
94-348, Sec. 3(b), 90 Stat. 818; Nov. 2, 1978, Pub. L. 95-574, 
Sec. 7(b), 92 Stat. 2461; Jan. 14, 1983, Pub. L. 97-468, title VII, 
Sec. 704, 96 Stat. 2580; June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100-342, Sec. 13(3)(C), 
102 Stat. 632; Sept. 3, 1992, Pub. L. 102-365, Secs. 4(a)(1), (c)(4), 
9(a)(5), 106 Stat. 973, 974, 978, related to penalty for using cars not 
equipped as provided by sections 1 to 16 of this title, with provisos 
for hauling cars for repairs when equipment becomes defective, liability 
for death or injury to employees in connection with such hauling, and 
use of chains instead of drawbars in conducting such hauling. See 
sections 20303, 21302, and 21304 of Title 49.
    Section 14, acts Apr. 14, 1910, ch. 160, Sec. 5, 36 Stat. 299; Oct. 
15, 1966, Pub. L. 89-670, Sec. 6(e)(1)(C), 80 Stat. 939; June 22, 1988, 
Pub. L. 100-342, Sec. 13(3)(D), 102 Stat. 632, related to liability for 
using cars with defective or insecure equipment. See section 21302 of 
Title 49.
