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[Laws in effect as of January 23, 2000]
[Document affected by Public Law 106-398 Section 1[1233]]
[Document affected by Public Law 107-24 Section 2(a)]
[Document affected by Public Law 107-24 Section 3-5]
[Document affected by Public Law 106-178]
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[CITE: 50USC1701]

 
                   TITLE 50--WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
 
           CHAPTER 35--INTERNATIONAL EMERGENCY ECONOMIC POWERS
 
Sec. 1701. Unusual and extraordinary threat; declaration of 
        national emergency; exercise of Presidential authorities
        
    (a) Any authority granted to the President by section 1702 of this 
title may be exercised to deal with any unusual and extraordinary 
threat, which has its source in whole or substantial part outside the 
United States, to the national security, foreign policy, or economy of 
the United States, if the President declares a national emergency with 
respect to such threat.
    (b) The authorities granted to the President by section 1702 of this 
title may only be exercised to deal with an unusual and extraordinary 
threat with respect to which a national emergency has been declared for 
purposes of this chapter and may not be exercised for any other purpose. 
Any exercise of such authorities to deal with any new threat shall be 
based on a new declaration of national emergency which must be with 
respect to such threat.

(Pub. L. 95-223, title II, Sec. 202, Dec. 28, 1977, 91 Stat. 1626.)


                               Short Title

    Section 201 of title II of Pub. L. 95-223 provided that: ``This 
title [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the `International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act'.''


                              Separability

    Section 208 of Pub. L. 95-223 provided that: ``If any provision of 
this Act [enacting this chapter] is held invalid, the remainder of the 
Act shall not be affected thereby.''


 Application of Authorities Under the International Emergency Economic 
           Powers Act to Communist Chinese Military Companies

    Pub. L. 105-261, div. A, title XII, Sec. 1237, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 
Stat. 2160, provided that:
    ``(a) Presidential Authority.--
        ``(1) In general.--The President may exercise IEEPA authorities 
    (other than authorities relating to importation) without regard to 
    section 202 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 
    U.S.C. 1701) in the case of any commercial activity in the United 
    States by a person that is on the list published under subsection 
    (b).
        ``(2) Penalties.--The penalties set forth in section 206 of the 
    International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) apply 
    to violations of any license, order, or regulation issued under 
    paragraph (1).
        ``(3) Ieepa authorities.--For purposes of paragraph (1), the 
    term `IEEPA authorities' means the authorities set forth in section 
    203(a) of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 
    1702(a)).
    ``(b) Determination and Publication of Communist Chinese Military 
Companies Operating in United States.--
        ``(1) Initial determination and publication.--Not later than 90 
    days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 17, 1998], 
    the Secretary of Defense shall make a determination of those persons 
    operating directly or indirectly in the United States or any of its 
    territories and possessions that are Communist Chinese military 
    companies and shall publish a list of those persons in the Federal 
    Register.
        ``(2) Revisions to list.--The Secretary of Defense shall make 
    additions or deletions to the list published under paragraph (1) on 
    an ongoing basis based on the latest information available.
        ``(3) Consultation.--The Secretary of Defense shall consult with 
    the following officers in carrying out paragraphs (1) and (2):
            ``(A) The Attorney General.
            ``(B) The Director of Central Intelligence.
            ``(C) The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
        ``(4) Communist chinese military company.--For purposes of 
    making the determination required by paragraph (1) and of carrying 
    out paragraph (2), the term `Communist Chinese military company' 
    means--
            ``(A) any person identified in the Defense Intelligence 
        Agency publication numbered VP-1920-271-90, dated September 
        1990, or PC-1921-57-95, dated October 1995, and any update of 
        those publications for the purposes of this section; and
            ``(B) any other person that--
                ``(i) is owned or controlled by the People's Liberation 
            Army; and
                ``(ii) is engaged in providing commercial services, 
            manufacturing, producing, or exporting.
    ``(c) People's Liberation Army.--For purposes of this section, the 
term `People's Liberation Army' means the land, naval, and air military 
services, the police, and the intelligence services of the Communist 
Government of the People's Republic of China, and any member of any such 
service or of such police.''


                        Iran and Libya Sanctions

    Pub. L. 104-172, Aug. 5, 1996, 110 Stat. 1541, provided that:
``SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
    ``This Act may be cited as the `Iran and Libya Sanctions Act of 
1996'.
``SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
    ``The Congress makes the following findings:
        ``(1) The efforts of the Government of Iran to acquire weapons 
    of mass destruction and the means to deliver them and its support of 
    acts of international terrorism endanger the national security and 
    foreign policy interests of the United States and those countries 
    with which the United States shares common strategic and foreign 
    policy objectives.
        ``(2) The objective of preventing the proliferation of weapons 
    of mass destruction and acts of international terrorism through 
    existing multilateral and bilateral initiatives requires additional 
    efforts to deny Iran the financial means to sustain its nuclear, 
    chemical, biological, and missile weapons programs.
        ``(3) The Government of Iran uses its diplomatic facilities and 
    quasi-governmental institutions outside of Iran to promote acts of 
    international terrorism and assist its nuclear, chemical, 
    biological, and missile weapons programs.
        ``(4) The failure of the Government of Libya to comply with 
    Resolutions 731, 748, and 883 of the Security Council of the United 
    Nations, its support of international terrorism, and its efforts to 
    acquire weapons of mass destruction constitute a threat to 
    international peace and security that endangers the national 
    security and foreign policy interests of the United States and those 
    countries with which it shares common strategic and foreign policy 
    objectives.
``SEC. 3. DECLARATION OF POLICY.
    ``(a) Policy With Respect to Iran.--The Congress declares that it is 
the policy of the United States to deny Iran the ability to support acts 
of international terrorism and to fund the development and acquisition 
of weapons of mass destruction and the means to deliver them by limiting 
the development of Iran's ability to explore for, extract, refine, or 
transport by pipeline petroleum resources of Iran.
    ``(b) Policy With Respect to Libya.--The Congress further declares 
that it is the policy of the United States to seek full compliance by 
Libya with its obligations under Resolutions 731, 748, and 883 of the 
Security Council of the United Nations, including ending all support for 
acts of international terrorism and efforts to develop or acquire 
weapons of mass destruction.
``SEC. 4. MULTILATERAL REGIME.
    ``(a) Multilateral Negotiations.--In order to further the objectives 
of section 3, the Congress urges the President to commence immediately 
diplomatic efforts, both in appropriate international fora such as the 
United Nations, and bilaterally with allies of the United States, to 
establish a multilateral sanctions regime against Iran, including 
provisions limiting the development of petroleum resources, that will 
inhibit Iran's efforts to carry out activities described in section 2.
    ``(b) Reports to Congress.--The President shall report to the 
appropriate congressional committees, not later than 1 year after the 
date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 5, 1996], and periodically 
thereafter, on the extent that diplomatic efforts described in 
subsection (a) have been successful. Each report shall include--
        ``(1) the countries that have agreed to undertake measures to 
    further the objectives of section 3 with respect to Iran, and a 
    description of those measures; and
        ``(2) the countries that have not agreed to measures described 
    in paragraph (1), and, with respect to those countries, other 
    measures (in addition to that provided in subsection (d)) the 
    President recommends that the United States take to further the 
    objectives of section 3 with respect to Iran.
    ``(c) Waiver.--The President may waive the application of section 
5(a) with respect to nationals of a country if--
        ``(1) that country has agreed to undertake substantial measures, 
    including economic sanctions, that will inhibit Iran's efforts to 
    carry out activities described in section 2 and information required 
    by subsection (b)(1) has been included in a report submitted under 
    subsection (b); and
        ``(2) the President, at least 30 days before the waiver takes 
    effect, notifies the appropriate congressional committees of his 
    intention to exercise the waiver.
    ``(d) Enhanced Sanction.--
        ``(1) Sanction.--With respect to nationals of countries except 
    those with respect to which the President has exercised the waiver 
    authority of subsection (c), at any time after the first report is 
    required to be submitted under subsection (b), section 5(a) shall be 
    applied by substituting `$20,000,000' for `$40,000,000' each place 
    it appears, and by substituting `$5,000,000' for `$10,000,000'.
        ``(2) Report to congress.--The President shall report to the 
    appropriate congressional committees any country with respect to 
    which paragraph (1) applies.
    ``(e) Interim Report on Multilateral Sanctions; Monitoring.--The 
President, not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of 
this Act, shall report to the appropriate congressional committees on--
        ``(1) whether the member states of the European Union, the 
    Republic of Korea, Australia, Israel, or Japan have legislative or 
    administrative standards providing for the imposition of trade 
    sanctions on persons or their affiliates doing business or having 
    investments in Iran or Libya;
        ``(2) the extent and duration of each instance of the 
    application of such sanctions; and
        ``(3) the disposition of any decision with respect to such 
    sanctions by the World Trade Organization or its predecessor 
    organization.
``SEC. 5. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS.
    ``(a) Sanctions With Respect to Iran.--Except as provided in 
subsection (f), the President shall impose 2 or more of the sanctions 
described in paragraphs (1) through (6) of section 6 if the President 
determines that a person has, with actual knowledge, on or after the 
date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 5, 1996], made an investment of 
$40,000,000 or more (or any combination of investments of at least 
$10,000,000 each, which in the aggregate equals or exceeds $40,000,000 
in any 12-month period), that directly and significantly contributed to 
the enhancement of Iran's ability to develop petroleum resources of 
Iran.
    ``(b) Mandatory Sanctions With Respect to Libya.--
        ``(1) Violations of prohibited transactions.--Except as provided 
    in subsection (f), the President shall impose 2 or more of the 
    sanctions described in paragraphs (1) through (6) of section 6 if 
    the President determines that a person has, with actual knowledge, 
    on or after the date of the enactment of this Act, exported, 
    transferred, or otherwise provided to Libya any goods, services, 
    technology, or other items the provision of which is prohibited 
    under paragraph 4(b) or 5 of Resolution 748 of the Security Council 
    of the United Nations, adopted March 31, 1992, or under paragraph 5 
    or 6 of Resolution 883 of the Security Council of the United 
    Nations, adopted November 11, 1993, if the provision of such items 
    significantly and materially--
            ``(A) contributed to Libya's ability to acquire chemical, 
        biological, or nuclear weapons or destabilizing numbers and 
        types of advanced conventional weapons or enhanced Libya's 
        military or paramilitary capabilities;
            ``(B) contributed to Libya's ability to develop its 
        petroleum resources; or
            ``(C) contributed to Libya's ability to maintain its 
        aviation capabilities.
        ``(2) Investments that contribute to the development of 
    petroleum resources.--Except as provided in subsection (f), the 
    President shall impose 2 or more of the sanctions described in 
    paragraphs (1) through (6) of section 6 if the President determines 
    that a person has, with actual knowledge, on or after the date of 
    the enactment of this Act [Aug. 5, 1996], made an investment of 
    $40,000,000 or more (or any combination of investments of at least 
    $10,000,000 each, which in the aggregate equals or exceeds 
    $40,000,000 in any 12-month period), that directly and significantly 
    contributed to the enhancement of Libya's ability to develop its 
    petroleum resources.
    ``(c) Persons Against Which the Sanctions Are To Be Imposed.--The 
sanctions described in subsections (a) and (b) shall be imposed on--
        ``(1) any person the President determines has carried out the 
    activities described in subsection (a) or (b); and
        ``(2) any person the President determines--
            ``(A) is a successor entity to the person referred to in 
        paragraph (1);
            ``(B) is a parent or subsidiary of the person referred to in 
        paragraph (1) if that parent or subsidiary, with actual 
        knowledge, engaged in the activities referred to in paragraph 
        (1); or
            ``(C) is an affiliate of the person referred to in paragraph 
        (1) if that affiliate, with actual knowledge, engaged in the 
        activities referred to in paragraph (1) and if that affiliate is 
        controlled in fact by the person referred to in paragraph (1).
For purposes of this Act, any person or entity described in this 
subsection shall be referred to as a `sanctioned person'.
    ``(d) Publication in Federal Register.--The President shall cause to 
be published in the Federal Register a current list of persons and 
entities on whom sanctions have been imposed under this Act. The removal 
of persons or entities from, and the addition of persons and entities 
to, the list, shall also be so published.
    ``(e) Publication of Projects.--The President shall cause to be 
published in the Federal Register a list of all significant projects 
which have been publicly tendered in the oil and gas sector in Iran.
    ``(f) Exceptions.--The President shall not be required to apply or 
maintain the sanctions under subsection (a) or (b)--
        ``(1) in the case of procurement of defense articles or defense 
    services--
            ``(A) under existing contracts or subcontracts, including 
        the exercise of options for production quantities to satisfy 
        requirements essential to the national security of the United 
        States;
            ``(B) if the President determines in writing that the person 
        to which the sanctions would otherwise be applied is a sole 
        source supplier of the defense articles or services, that the 
        defense articles or services are essential, and that alternative 
        sources are not readily or reasonably available; or
            ``(C) if the President determines in writing that such 
        articles or services are essential to the national security 
        under defense coproduction agreements;
        ``(2) in the case of procurement, to eligible products, as 
    defined in section 308(4) of the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 (19 
    U.S.C. 2518(4)), of any foreign country or instrumentality 
    designated under section 301(b)(1) of that Act (19 U.S.C. 
    2511(b)(1));
        ``(3) to products, technology, or services provided under 
    contracts entered into before the date on which the President 
    publishes in the Federal Register the name of the person on whom the 
    sanctions are to be imposed;
        ``(4) to--
            ``(A) spare parts which are essential to United States 
        products or production;
            ``(B) component parts, but not finished products, essential 
        to United States products or production; or
            ``(C) routine servicing and maintenance of products, to the 
        extent that alternative sources are not readily or reasonably 
        available;
        ``(6) to information and technology essential to United States 
    products or production; or
        ``(7) to medicines, medical supplies, or other humanitarian 
    items.
``SEC. 6. DESCRIPTION OF SANCTIONS.
    ``The sanctions to be imposed on a sanctioned person under section 5 
are as follows:
        ``(1) Export-import bank assistance for exports to sanctioned 
    persons.--The President may direct the Export-Import Bank of the 
    United States not to give approval to the issuance of any guarantee, 
    insurance, extension of credit, or participation in the extension of 
    credit in connection with the export of any goods or services to any 
    sanctioned person.
        ``(2) Export sanction.--The President may order the United 
    States Government not to issue any specific license and not to grant 
    any other specific permission or authority to export any goods or 
    technology to a sanctioned person under--
            ``(i) the Export Administration Act of 1979 [50 App. 2401 et 
        seq.];
            ``(ii) the Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.];
            ``(iii) the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 [42 U.S.C. 2011 et 
        seq.]; or
            ``(iv) any other statute that requires the prior review and 
        approval of the United States Government as a condition for the 
        export or reexport of goods or services.
        ``(3) Loans from united states financial institutions.--The 
    United States Government may prohibit any United States financial 
    institution from making loans or providing credits to any sanctioned 
    person totaling more than $10,000,000 in any 12-month period unless 
    such person is engaged in activities to relieve human suffering and 
    the loans or credits are provided for such activities.
        ``(4) Prohibitions on financial institutions.--The following 
    prohibitions may be imposed against a sanctioned person that is a 
    financial institution:
            ``(A) Prohibition on designation as primary dealer.--Neither 
        the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System nor the 
        Federal Reserve Bank of New York may designate, or permit the 
        continuation of any prior designation of, such financial 
        institution as a primary dealer in United States Government debt 
        instruments.
            ``(B) Prohibition on service as a repository of government 
        funds.--Such financial institution may not serve as agent of the 
        United States Government or serve as repository for United 
        States Government funds.
    The imposition of either sanction under subparagraph (A) or (B) 
    shall be treated as 1 sanction for purposes of section 5, and the 
    imposition of both such sanctions shall be treated as 2 sanctions 
    for purposes of section 5.
        ``(5) Procurement sanction.--The United States Government may 
    not procure, or enter into any contract for the procurement of, any 
    goods or services from a sanctioned person.
        ``(6) Additional sanctions.--The President may impose sanctions, 
    as appropriate, to restrict imports with respect to a sanctioned 
    person, in accordance with the International Emergency Economic 
    Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 and following).
``SEC. 7. ADVISORY OPINIONS.
    ``The Secretary of State may, upon the request of any person, issue 
an advisory opinion to that person as to whether a proposed activity by 
that person would subject that person to sanctions under this Act. Any 
person who relies in good faith on such an advisory opinion which states 
that the proposed activity would not subject a person to such sanctions, 
and any person who thereafter engages in such activity, will not be made 
subject to such sanctions on account of such activity.
``SEC. 8. TERMINATION OF SANCTIONS.
    ``(a) Iran.--The requirement under section 5(a) to impose sanctions 
shall no longer have force or effect with respect to Iran if the 
President determines and certifies to the appropriate congressional 
committees that Iran--
        ``(1) has ceased its efforts to design, develop, manufacture, or 
    acquire--
            ``(A) a nuclear explosive device or related materials and 
        technology;
            ``(B) chemical and biological weapons; and
            ``(C) ballistic missiles and ballistic missile launch 
        technology; and
        ``(2) has been removed from the list of countries the 
    governments of which have been determined, for purposes of section 
    6(j) of the Export Administration Act of 1979 [50 App. 2405(j)], to 
    have repeatedly provided support for acts of international 
    terrorism.
    ``(b) Libya.--The requirement under section 5(b) to impose sanctions 
shall no longer have force or effect with respect to Libya if the 
President determines and certifies to the appropriate congressional 
committees that Libya has fulfilled the requirements of United Nations 
Security Council Resolution 731, adopted January 21, 1992, United 
Nations Security Council Resolution 748, adopted March 31, 1992, and 
United Nations Security Council Resolution 883, adopted November 11, 
1993.
``SEC. 9. DURATION OF SANCTIONS; PRESIDENTIAL WAIVER.
    ``(a) Delay of Sanctions.--
        ``(1) Consultations.--If the President makes a determination 
    described in section 5(a) or 5(b) with respect to a foreign person, 
    the Congress urges the President to initiate consultations 
    immediately with the government with primary jurisdiction over that 
    foreign person with respect to the imposition of sanctions under 
    this Act.
        ``(2) Actions by government of jurisdiction.--In order to pursue 
    consultations under paragraph (1) with the government concerned, the 
    President may delay imposition of sanctions under this Act for up to 
    90 days. Following such consultations, the President shall 
    immediately impose sanctions unless the President determines and 
    certifies to the Congress that the government has taken specific and 
    effective actions, including, as appropriate, the imposition of 
    appropriate penalties, to terminate the involvement of the foreign 
    person in the activities that resulted in the determination by the 
    President under section 5(a) or 5(b) concerning such person.
        ``(3) Additional delay in imposition of sanctions.--The 
    President may delay the imposition of sanctions for up to an 
    additional 90 days if the President determines and certifies to the 
    Congress that the government with primary jurisdiction over the 
    person concerned is in the process of taking the actions described 
    in paragraph (2).
        ``(4) Report to congress.--Not later than 90 days after making a 
    determination under section 5(a) or 5(b), the President shall submit 
    to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the status 
    of consultations with the appropriate foreign government under this 
    subsection, and the basis for any determination under paragraph (3).
    ``(b) Duration of Sanctions.--A sanction imposed under section 5 
shall remain in effect--
        ``(1) for a period of not less than 2 years from the date on 
    which it is imposed; or
        ``(2) until such time as the President determines and certifies 
    to the Congress that the person whose activities were the basis for 
    imposing the sanction is no longer engaging in such activities and 
    that the President has received reliable assurances that such person 
    will not knowingly engage in such activities in the future, except 
    that such sanction shall remain in effect for a period of at least 1 
    year.
    ``(c) Presidential Waiver.--
        ``(1) Authority.--The President may waive the requirement in 
    section 5 to impose a sanction or sanctions on a person described in 
    section 5(c), and may waive the continued imposition of a sanction 
    or sanctions under subsection (b) of this section, 30 days or more 
    after the President determines and so reports to the appropriate 
    congressional committees that it is important to the national 
    interest of the United States to exercise such waiver authority.
        ``(2) Contents of report.--Any report under paragraph (1) shall 
    provide a specific and detailed rationale for the determination 
    under paragraph (1), including--
            ``(A) a description of the conduct that resulted in the 
        determination under section 5(a) or (b), as the case may be;
            ``(B) in the case of a foreign person, an explanation of the 
        efforts to secure the cooperation of the government with primary 
        jurisdiction over the sanctioned person to terminate or, as 
        appropriate, penalize the activities that resulted in the 
        determination under section 5(a) or (b), as the case may be;
            ``(C) an estimate as to the significance--
                ``(i) of the provision of the items described in section 
            5(a) to Iran's ability to develop its petroleum resources, 
            or
                ``(ii) of the provision of the items described in 
            section 5(b)(1) to the abilities of Libya described in 
            subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) of section 5(b)(1), or of the 
            investment described in section 5(b)(2) on Libya's ability 
            to develop its petroleum resources,
    as the case may be; and
            ``(D) a statement as to the response of the United States in 
        the event that the person concerned engages in other activities 
        that would be subject to section 5(a) or (b).
        ``(3) Effect of report on waiver.--If the President makes a 
    report under paragraph (1) with respect to a waiver of sanctions on 
    a person described in section 5(c), sanctions need not be imposed 
    under section 5(a) or (b) on that person during the 30-day period 
    referred to in paragraph (1).
``SEC. 10. REPORTS REQUIRED.
    ``(a) Report on Certain International Initiatives.--Not later than 6 
months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 5, 1996], and 
every 6 months thereafter, the President shall transmit a report to the 
appropriate congressional committees describing--
        ``(1) the efforts of the President to mount a multilateral 
    campaign to persuade all countries to pressure Iran to cease its 
    nuclear, chemical, biological, and missile weapons programs and its 
    support of acts of international terrorism;
        ``(2) the efforts of the President to persuade other governments 
    to ask Iran to reduce the presence of Iranian diplomats and 
    representatives of other government and military or quasi-
    governmental institutions of Iran and to withdraw any such diplomats 
    or representatives who participated in the takeover of the United 
    States embassy in Tehran on November 4, 1979, or the subsequent 
    holding of United States hostages for 444 days;
        ``(3) the extent to which the International Atomic Energy Agency 
    has established regular inspections of all nuclear facilities in 
    Iran, including those presently under construction; and
        ``(4) Iran's use of Iranian diplomats and representatives of 
    other government and military or quasi-governmental institutions of 
    Iran to promote acts of international terrorism or to develop or 
    sustain Iran's nuclear, chemical, biological, and missile weapons 
    programs.
    ``(b) Other Reports.--The President shall ensure the continued 
transmittal to the Congress of reports describing--
        ``(1) the nuclear and other military capabilities of Iran, as 
    required by section 601(a) of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 
    1978 [22 U.S.C. 3281(a)] and section 1607 of the National Defense 
    Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1993 [Pub. L. 102-484 set out 
    below]; and
        ``(2) the support provided by Iran for acts of international 
    terrorism, as part of the Department of State's annual report on 
    international terrorism.
``SEC. 11. DETERMINATIONS NOT REVIEWABLE.
    ``A determination to impose sanctions under this Act shall not be 
reviewable in any court.
``SEC. 12. EXCLUSION OF CERTAIN ACTIVITIES.
    ``Nothing in this Act shall apply to any activities subject to the 
reporting requirements of title V of the National Security Act of 1947 
[50 U.S.C. 413 et seq.].
``SEC. 13. EFFECTIVE DATE; SUNSET.
    ``(a) Effective Date.--This Act shall take effect on the date of the 
enactment of this Act [Aug. 5, 1996].
    ``(b) Sunset.--This Act shall cease to be effective on the date that 
is 5 years after the date of the enactment of this Act.
``SEC. 14. DEFINITIONS.
    ``As used in this Act:
        ``(1) Act of international terrorism.--The term `act of 
    international terrorism' means an act--
            ``(A) which is violent or dangerous to human life and that 
        is a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or of 
        any State or that would be a criminal violation if committed 
        within the jurisdiction of the United States or any State; and
            ``(B) which appears to be intended--
                ``(i) to intimidate or coerce a civilian population;
                ``(ii) to influence the policy of a government by 
            intimidation or coercion; or
                ``(iii) to affect the conduct of a government by 
            assassination or kidnapping.
        ``(2) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term 
    `appropriate congressional committees' means the Committee on 
    Finance, the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, and 
    the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee 
    on Ways and Means, the Committee on Banking and Financial Services, 
    and the Committee on International Relations of the House of 
    Representatives.
        ``(3) Component part.--The term `component part' has the meaning 
    given that term in section 11A(e)(1) of the Export Administration 
    Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2410a(e)(1)).
        ``(4) Develop and development.--To `develop', or the 
    `development' of, petroleum resources means the exploration for, or 
    the extraction, refining, or transportation by pipeline of, 
    petroleum resources.
        ``(5) Financial institution.--The term `financial institution' 
    includes--
            ``(A) a depository institution (as defined in section 
        3(c)(1) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act [12 U.S.C. 
        1813(c)(1)]), including a branch or agency of a foreign bank (as 
        defined in section 1(b)(7) of the International Banking Act of 
        1978 [12 U.S.C. 3101(b)(7)]);
            ``(B) a credit union;
            ``(C) a securities firm, including a broker or dealer;
            ``(D) an insurance company, including an agency or 
        underwriter; and
            ``(E) any other company that provides financial services.
        ``(6) Finished product.--The term `finished product' has the 
    meaning given that term in section 11A(e)(2) of the Export 
    Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2410a(e)(2)).
        ``(7) Foreign person.--The term `foreign person' means--
            ``(A) an individual who is not a United States person or an 
        alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence into the United 
        States; or
            ``(B) a corporation, partnership, or other nongovernmental 
        entity which is not a United States person.
        ``(8) Goods and technology.--The terms `goods' and `technology' 
    have the meanings given those terms in section 16 of the Export 
    Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2415).
        ``(9) Investment.--The term `investment' means any of the 
    following activities if such activity is undertaken pursuant to an 
    agreement, or pursuant to the exercise of rights under such an 
    agreement, that is entered into with the Government of Iran or a 
    nongovenmental [sic] entity in Iran, or with the Government of Libya 
    or a nongovernmental entity in Libya, on or after the date of the 
    enactment of this Act [Aug. 5, 1996]:
            ``(A) The entry into a contract that includes responsibility 
        for the development of petroleum resources located in Iran or 
        Libya (as the case may be), or the entry into a contract 
        providing for the general supervision and guarantee of another 
        person's performance of such a contract.
            ``(B) The purchase of a share of ownership, including an 
        equity interest, in that development.
            ``(C) The entry into a contract providing for the 
        participation in royalties, earnings, or profits in that 
        development, without regard to the form of the participation.
    The term `investment' does not include the entry into, performance, 
    or financing of a contract to sell or purchase goods, services, or 
    technology.
        ``(10) Iran.--The term `Iran' includes any agency or 
    instrumentality of Iran.
        ``(11) Iranian diplomats and representatives of other government 
    and military or quasi-governmental institutions of iran.--The term 
    `Iranian diplomats and representatives of other government and 
    military or quasi-governmental institutions of Iran' includes 
    employees, representatives, or affiliates of Iran's--
            ``(A) Foreign Ministry;
            ``(B) Ministry of Intelligence and Security;
            ``(C) Revolutionary Guard Corps;
            ``(D) Crusade for Reconstruction;
            ``(E) Qods (Jerusalem) Forces;
            ``(F) Interior Ministry;
            ``(G) Foundation for the Oppressed and Disabled;
            ``(H) Prophet's Foundation;
            ``(I) June 5th Foundation;
            ``(J) Martyr's Foundation;
            ``(K) Islamic Propagation Organization; and
            ``(L) Ministry of Islamic Guidance.
        ``(12) Libya.--The term `Libya' includes any agency or 
    instrumentality of Libya.
        ``(13) Nuclear explosive device.--The term `nuclear explosive 
    device' means any device, whether assembled or disassembled, that is 
    designed to produce an instantaneous release of an amount of nuclear 
    energy from special nuclear material (as defined in section 11(aa) 
    of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 [42 U.S.C. 2014(aa)]) that is 
    greater than the amount of energy that would be released from the 
    detonation of one pound of trinitrotoluene (TNT).
        ``(14) Person.--The term `person' means--
            ``(A) a natural person;
            ``(B) a corporation, business association, partnership, 
        society, trust, any other nongovernmental entity, organization, 
        or group, and any governmental entity operating as a business 
        enterprise; and
            ``(C) any successor to any entity described in subparagraph 
        (B).
        ``(15) Petroleum resources.--The term `petroleum resources' 
    includes petroleum and natural gas resources.
        ``(16) United states or state.--The term `United States' or 
    `State' means the several States, the District of Columbia, the 
    Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern 
    Mariana Islands, American Samoa, Guam, the United States Virgin 
    Islands, and any other territory or possession of the United States.
        ``(17) United states person.--The term `United States person' 
    means--
            ``(A) a natural person who is a citizen of the United States 
        or who owes permanent allegiance to the United States; and
            ``(B) a corporation or other legal entity which is organized 
        under the laws of the United States, any State or territory 
        thereof, or the District of Columbia, if natural persons 
        described in subparagraph (A) own, directly or indirectly, more 
        than 50 percent of the outstanding capital stock or other 
        beneficial interest in such legal entity.''
    [Memorandum of President of the United States, Nov. 21, 1996, 61 
F.R. 64249, delegated to the Secretary of State, in consultation with 
the Departments of the Treasury and Commerce and the United States Trade 
Representative, and with the Export-Import Bank and Federal Reserve 
Board and other interested agencies as appropriate functions vested in 
the President by sections 4(c), 5(a), (b), (c), (f), 6(1), (2), and 9(c) 
of Pub. L. 104-172, set out above, delegated to the Secretary of State 
functions vested in the President by sections 4(a), (b), (d), (e), 5(d), 
(e), 9(a), (b), and 10 of Pub. L. 104-172, provided that any reference 
to provisions of any Act related to the subject of the memorandum be 
deemed to include references to any subsequent provision of law that is 
the same or substantially the same as such provisions, and provided that 
only the functions vested in the President by sections 4(a), (b), (d), 
(e), 5(d), (e), and 10 of Pub. L. 104-172 and delegated by the 
memorandum could be redelegated.]


                 Sanctions Against Serbia and Montenegro

    Pub. L. 106-113, div. B, Sec. 1000(a)(2) [title V, Sec. 599], Nov. 
29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A-127, provided that:
    ``(a) Continuation of Executive Branch Sanctions.--The sanctions 
listed in subsection (b) shall remain in effect for fiscal year 2000, 
unless the President submits to the Committees on Appropriations and 
Foreign Relations in the Senate and the Committees on Appropriations and 
International Relations of the House of Representatives a certification 
described in subsection (c).
    ``(b) Applicable Sanctions.--
        ``(1) The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United 
    States executive directors of the international financial 
    institutions to work in opposition to, and vote against, any 
    extension by such institutions of any financial or technical 
    assistance or grants of any kind to the government of Serbia.
        ``(2) The Secretary of State should instruct the United States 
    Ambassador to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in 
    Europe (OSCE) to block any consensus to allow the participation of 
    Serbia in the OSCE or any organization affiliated with the OSCE.
        ``(3) The Secretary of State should instruct the United States 
    Representative to the United Nations to vote against any resolution 
    in the United Nations Security Council to admit Serbia to the United 
    Nations or any organization affiliated with the United Nations, to 
    veto any resolution to allow Serbia to assume the United Nations' 
    membership of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, 
    and to take action to prevent Serbia from assuming the seat formerly 
    occupied by the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
        ``(4) The Secretary of State should instruct the United States 
    Permanent Representative on the Council of the North Atlantic Treaty 
    Organization to oppose the extension of the Partnership for Peace 
    program or any other organization affiliated with NATO to Serbia.
        ``(5) The Secretary of State should instruct the United States 
    Representatives to the Southeast European Cooperative Initiative 
    (SECI) to oppose and to work to prevent the extension of SECI 
    membership to Serbia.
    ``(c) Certification.--A certification described in this subsection 
is a certification that--
        ``(1) the representatives of the successor states to the 
    Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia have successfully 
    negotiated the division of assets and liabilities and all other 
    succession issues following the dissolution of the Socialist Federal 
    Republic of Yugoslavia;
        ``(2) the Government of Serbia is fully complying with its 
    obligations as a signatory to the General Framework Agreement for 
    Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina;
        ``(3) the Government of Serbia is fully cooperating with and 
    providing unrestricted access to the International Criminal Tribunal 
    for the former Yugoslavia, including surrendering persons indicted 
    for war crimes who are within the jurisdiction of the territory of 
    Serbia, and with the investigations concerning the commission of war 
    crimes and crimes against humanity in Kosova;
        ``(4) the Government of Serbia is implementing internal 
    democratic reforms; and
        ``(5) Serbian federal governmental officials, and 
    representatives of the ethnic Albanian community in Kosova have 
    agreed on, signed, and begun implementation of a negotiated 
    settlement on the future status of Kosova.
    ``(d) Statement of Policy.--It is the sense of the Congress that the 
United States should not restore full diplomatic relations with Serbia 
until the President submits to the Committees on Appropriations and 
Foreign Relations in the Senate and the Committees on Appropriations and 
International Relations in the House of Representatives the 
certification described in subsection (c).
    ``(e) Exemption of Montenegro and Kosova.--The sanctions described 
in subsection (b) shall not apply to Montenegro or Kosova.
    ``(f) Definition.--The term `international financial institution' 
includes the International Monetary Fund, the International Bank for 
Reconstruction and Development, the International Development 
Association, the International Finance Corporation, the Multilateral 
Investment Guaranty Agency, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and 
Development.
    ``(g) Waiver Authority.--The President may waive the application in 
whole or in part, of any sanction described in subsection (b) if the 
President certifies to the Congress that the President has determined 
that the waiver is necessary to meet emergency humanitarian needs.''
    Pub. L. 105-277, div. A, Sec. 101(d) [title V, Sec. 539], Oct. 21, 
1998, 112 Stat. 2681-150, 2681-182, provided that:
    ``(a) Restrictions.--None of the funds in this or any other Act may 
be made available to modify or remove any sanction, prohibition or 
requirement with respect to Serbia-Montenegro unless the President first 
submits to the Congress a certification described in subsection (c).
    ``(b) International Financial Institutions.--The Secretary of the 
Treasury shall instruct the United States executive directors of the 
international financial institutions to work in opposition to, and vote 
against, any extension by such institutions of any financial or 
technical assistance or grants of any kind to the government of Serbia-
Montenegro, unless the President first submits to the Congress a 
certification described in subsection (c).
    ``(c) Certification.--A certification described in this subsection 
is a certification that--
        ``(1) there is substantial improvement in the human rights 
    situation in Kosova;
        ``(2) international human rights observers are allowed to return 
    to Kosova;
        ``(3) Serbian, Serbian-Montenegrin federal government officials, 
    and representatives of the ethnic Albanian community in Kosova have 
    agreed on and begun implementation of a negotiated settlement on the 
    future status of Kosova; and
        ``(4) the government of Serbia-Montenegro is fully complying 
    with its obligations as a signatory to the General Framework 
    Agreement for Peace in Bosnia-Herzegovina including fully 
    cooperating with the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former 
    Yugoslavia.
    ``(d) Waiver Authority.--The President may waive the application, in 
whole or in part, of subsections (a) and (b) if he certifies in writing 
to the Congress that the waiver is necessary to meet emergency 
humanitarian needs or to advance negotiations toward a peaceful 
settlement of the conflict in Kosova that is acceptable to the parties.
    ``(e) Exemption for Montenegro.--This section shall not apply to 
Montenegro.''
    [For delegation of functions of President under section 101(d) 
[title V, Sec. 539] of div. A of Pub. L. 105-277, set out above, see Ex. 
Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set out as a 
note under section 2381 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.]
    Similar provisions were contained in the following prior 
appropriation acts:
    Pub. L. 104-208, div. A, title I, Sec. 101(c) [title V, Sec. 540], 
Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009-121, 3009-155.
    Pub. L. 104-107, title V, Sec. 540A(a)-(c), Feb. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 
737.

    Pub. L. 103-160, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1511, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 
Stat. 1839, provided that:
    ``(a) Codification of Executive Branch Sanctions.--The sanctions 
imposed on Serbia and Montenegro, as in effect on the date of the 
enactment of this Act [Nov. 30, 1993], that were imposed by or pursuant 
to the following directives of the executive branch shall (except as 
provided under subsections (d) and (e)) remain in effect until changed 
by law:
        ``(1) Executive Order 12808 of May 30, 1992 [set out below], as 
    continued in effect on May 25, 1993.
        ``(2) Executive Order 12810 of June 5, 1992 [set out below].
        ``(3) Executive Order 12831 of January 15, 1993 [set out below].
        ``(4) Executive Order 12846 of April 25, 1993 [set out below].
        ``(5) Department of State Public Notice 1427, effective July 11, 
    1991.
        ``(6) Proclamation 6389 of December 5, 1991 (56 Fed. Register 
    64467).
        ``(7) Department of Transportation Order 92-5-38 of May 20, 
    1992.
        ``(8) Federal Aviation Administration action of June 19, 1992 
    (14 C.F.R. Part 91).
    ``(b) Prohibition on Assistance.--No funds appropriated or otherwise 
made available by law may be obligated or expended on behalf of the 
government of Serbia or the government of Montenegro.
    ``(c) International Financial Institutions.--The Secretary of the 
Treasury shall instruct the United States executive director of each 
international financial institution to use the voice and vote of the 
United States to oppose any assistance from that institution to the 
government of Serbia or the government of Montenegro, except for basic 
human needs.
    ``(d) Exception.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the 
President is authorized and encouraged to exempt from sanctions imposed 
against Serbia and Montenegro that are described in subsection (a) those 
United States-supported programs, projects, or activities that involve 
reform of the electoral process, the development of democratic 
institutions or democratic political parties, or humanitarian assistance 
(including refugee care and human rights observation).
    ``(e) Waiver Authority.--(1) The President may waive or modify the 
application, in whole or in part, of any sanction described in 
subsection (a), the prohibition in subsection (b), or the requirement in 
subsection (c).
    ``(2) Such a waiver or modification may only be effective upon 
certification by the President to Congress that the President has 
determined that the waiver or modification is necessary (A) to meet 
emergency humanitarian needs, or (B) to achieve a negotiated settlement 
of the conflict in Bosnia-Herzegovina that is acceptable to the 
parties.''

 Presidential Certification To Suspend Sanctions Imposed on the Federal 
             Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro)

    Determination of President of the United States, No. 99-14, Feb. 16, 
1999, 64 F.R. 9263, provided:
    Memorandum for the Secretary of Defense
    Pursuant to the authority vested in me by the laws of the United 
States, including section 1511 of the National Defense Authorization Act 
for Fiscal Year 1994 (Public Law 103-160) [set out as a note above], I 
hereby certify to the Congress that I have determined that the waiver of 
the application of the prohibition in section 1511(b) of Public Law 103-
160 is necessary to achieve a negotiated settlement of the conflict in 
Bosnia-Herzegovina that is acceptable to the parties, to the extent that 
such provision applies to the furnishing of assistance to the Republic 
of Montenegro.
    Therefore, I hereby waive the application of this provision with 
respect to such assistance.
    You are authorized and directed to transmit a copy of this 
determination to the Congress and arrange for its publication in the 
Federal Register.
                                                     William J. Clinton.

    Determination of President of the United States, No. 97-26, May 30, 
1997, 62 F.R. 32015, provided:
    Memorandum for the Secretary of State
    Pursuant to the authority vested in me by the laws of the United 
States, including section 1511 of the National Defense Authorization Act 
for Fiscal Year 1994 (Public Law 103-160) [set out as a note above] and 
section 540 of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related 
Programs Appropriations Act, 1997 (contained in Public Law 104-208 (the 
``Act'')) [set out as a note above], I hereby certify to the Congress 
that I have determined that the waiver of the application of the 
prohibition in section 1511(b) of Public Law 103-160 and of the 
application of section 540(a) of the Act is necessary to achieve a 
negotiated settlement of the conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina that is 
acceptable to the parties, to the extent that such provisions apply to 
the furnishing of assistance to facilitate destruction of military 
equipment.
    Therefore, I hereby waive the application of these provisions with 
respect to such assistance.
    You are authorized and directed to transmit a copy of this 
determination to the Congress and arrange for its publication in the 
Federal Register.
                                                     William J. Clinton.

    Determination of the President of the United States, No. 96-7, Dec. 
27, 1995, 61 F.R. 2887, provided:
    Memorandum for the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury 
[and] the Secretary of Transportation
    Pursuant to the authority vested in me by section 1511(e)(2) of the 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1994 (Public Law 103-
160) [set out above] (the ``Act''), I hereby determine that the waiver 
or modification of the sanctions on Serbia and Montenegro that were 
imposed by or pursuant to the directives described in section 1511(a)(1-
5) and (7-8) of the Act, in conformity with the provisions of United 
Nations Security Council Resolutions 1021 and 1022 of November 22, 1995, 
is necessary to achieve a negotiated settlement of the conflict in 
Bosnia-Herzegovina that is acceptable to the parties.
    Therefore, I hereby direct the Secretary of the Treasury to take 
appropriate action to suspend the application of the sanctions imposed 
on Serbia and Montenegro pursuant to Executive Order No. 12808 of May 
30, 1992 [set out below], Executive Order No. 12810 of June 5, 1992 [set 
out below], Executive Order No. 12831 of January 15, 1993 [set out 
below], and Executive Order No. 12846 of April 25, 1993 [set out below], 
effective upon the transmittal of this determination to the Congress. 
The property and interests in property previously blocked remain blocked 
until provision is made to address claims or encumbrances, including the 
claims of the other successor states of the former Yugoslavia.
    I hereby direct the Secretary of Transportation to take appropriate 
action to suspend the application of the sanctions imposed pursuant to 
Department of Transportation Order 92-5-38 of May 20, 1992, Department 
of Transportation Order 92-6-27 of June 12, 1992, and Special Federal 
Aviation Regulation No. 66-2 of May 31, 1995 (14 C.F.R. Part 91, 60 
Federal Register 28477), effective upon the transmittal of this 
determination to the Congress.
    I hereby authorize the Secretary of State to take appropriate action 
to suspend the application of the sanctions imposed pursuant to 
Department of State Public Notice 1427 of July 11, 1991, at the 
appropriate time in conformity with the provisions of United Nations 
Security Council Resolution 1021 of November 22, 1995.
    The national emergency declared in Executive Order No. 12808 [set 
out below] and expanded in Executive Order No. 12934 [set out below] 
shall continue in effect.
    The Secretary of State is authorized and directed to publish this 
determination in the Federal Register.
                                                     William J. Clinton.


                    Iran-Iraq Arms Non-Proliferation

    Pub. L. 102-484, div. A, title XVI, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2571, 
as amended by Pub. L. 104-106, div. A, title XIV, Sec. 1408(a)-(c), Feb. 
10, 1996, 110 Stat. 494, provided that:
``SEC. 1601. SHORT TITLE.
    ``This title may be cited as the `Iran-Iraq Arms Non-Proliferation 
Act of 1992'.
``SEC. 1602. UNITED STATES POLICY.
    ``(a) In General.--It shall be the policy of the United States to 
oppose, and urgently to seek the agreement of other nations also to 
oppose, any transfer to Iran or Iraq of any goods or technology, 
including dual-use goods or technology, wherever that transfer could 
materially contribute to either country's acquiring chemical, 
biological, nuclear, or destabilizing numbers and types of advanced 
conventional weapons.
    ``(b) Sanctions.--(1) In the furtherance of this policy, the 
President shall apply sanctions and controls with respect to Iran, Iraq, 
and those nations and persons who assist them in acquiring weapons of 
mass destruction in accordance with the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 
[22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.], the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978 [22 
U.S.C. 3201 et seq.], the Chemical and Biological Weapons Control and 
Warfare Elimination Act of 1991 [22 U.S.C. 5601 et seq.], chapter 7 of 
the Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 2797 et seq.], and other relevant 
statutes, regarding the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction 
and the means of their delivery.
    ``(2) The President should also urgently seek the agreement of other 
nations to adopt and institute, at the earliest practicable date, 
sanctions and controls comparable to those the United States is 
obligated to apply under this subsection.
    ``(c) Public Identification.--The Congress calls on the President to 
identify publicly (in the report required by section 1607) any country 
or person that transfers goods or technology to Iran or Iraq contrary to 
the policy set forth in subsection (a).
``SEC. 1603. APPLICATION TO IRAN OF CERTAIN IRAQ SANCTIONS.
    ``The sanctions against Iraq specified in paragraphs (1) through (4) 
of section 586G(a) of the Iraq Sanctions Act of 1990 (as contained in 
Public Law 101-513) [set out below], including denial of export licenses 
for United States persons and prohibitions on United States Government 
sales, shall be applied to the same extent and in the same manner with 
respect to Iran.
``SEC. 1604. SANCTIONS AGAINST CERTAIN PERSONS.
    ``(a) Prohibition.--If any person transfers or retransfers goods or 
technology so as to contribute knowingly and materially to the efforts 
by Iran or Iraq (or any agency or instrumentality of either such 
country) to acquire chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons or to 
acquire destabilizing numbers and types of advanced conventional 
weapons, then the sanctions described in subsection (b) shall be 
imposed.
    ``(b) Mandatory Sanctions.--The sanctions to be imposed pursuant to 
subsection (a) are as follows:
        ``(1) Procurement sanction.--For a period of two years, the 
    United States Government shall not procure, or enter into any 
    contract for the procurement of, any goods or services from the 
    sanctioned person.
        ``(2) Export sanction.--For a period of two years, the United 
    States Government shall not issue any license for any export by or 
    to the sanctioned person.
``SEC. 1605. SANCTIONS AGAINST CERTAIN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
    ``(a) Prohibition.--If the President determines that the government 
of any foreign country transfers or retransfers goods or technology so 
as to contribute knowingly and materially to the efforts by Iran or Iraq 
(or any agency or instrumentality of either such country) to acquire 
chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons or to acquire destabilizing 
numbers and types of advanced conventional weapons, then--
        ``(1) the sanctions described in subsection (b) shall be imposed 
    on such country; and
        ``(2) in addition, the President may apply, in the discretion of 
    the President, the sanction described in subsection (c).
    ``(b) Mandatory Sanctions.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the 
sanctions to be imposed pursuant to subsection (a)(1) are as follows:
        ``(1) Suspension of united states assistance.--The United States 
    Government shall suspend, for a period of one year, United States 
    assistance to the sanctioned country.
        ``(2) Multilateral development bank assistance.--The Secretary 
    of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Director 
    to each appropriate international financial institution to oppose, 
    and vote against, for a period of one year, the extension by such 
    institution of any loan or financial or technical assistance to the 
    sanctioned country.
        ``(3) Suspension of codevelopment or coproduction agreements.--
    The United States shall suspend, for a period of one year, 
    compliance with its obligations under any memorandum of 
    understanding with the sanctioned country for the codevelopment or 
    coproduction of any item on the United States Munitions List 
    (established under section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act [22 
    U.S.C. 2778]), including any obligation for implementation of the 
    memorandum of understanding through the sale to the sanctioned 
    country of technical data or assistance or the licensing for export 
    to the sanctioned country of any component part.
        ``(4) Suspension of military and dual-use technical exchange 
    agreements.--The United States shall suspend, for a period of one 
    year, compliance with its obligations under any technical exchange 
    agreement involving military and dual-use technology between the 
    United States and the sanctioned country that does not directly 
    contribute to the security of the United States, and no military or 
    dual-use technology may be exported from the United States to the 
    sanctioned country pursuant to that agreement during that period.
        ``(5) United states munitions list.--No item on the United 
    States Munitions List (established pursuant to section 38 of the 
    Arms Export Control Act) may be exported to the sanctioned country 
    for a period of one year.
    ``(c) Discretionary Sanction.--The sanction referred to in 
subsection (a)(2) is as follows:
        ``(1) Use of authorities of international emergency economic 
    powers act.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the President may 
    exercise, in accordance with the provisions of that Act [50 U.S.C. 
    1701 et seq.], the authorities of the International Emergency 
    Economic Powers Act with respect to the sanctioned country.
        ``(2) Exception.--Paragraph (1) does not apply with respect to 
    urgent humanitarian assistance.
``SEC. 1606. WAIVER.
    ``The President may waive the requirement to impose a sanction 
described in section 1603, in the case of Iran, or a sanction described 
in section 1604(b) or 1605(b), in the case of Iraq and Iran, 15 days 
after the President determines and so reports to the Committees on Armed 
Services and Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committees on Armed 
Services and Foreign Affairs [now Committee on International Relations] 
of the House of Representatives that it is essential to the national 
interest of the United States to exercise such waiver authority. Any 
such report shall provide a specific and detailed rationale for such 
determination.
``SEC. 1607. REPORTING REQUIREMENT.
    ``(a) Annual Report.--Beginning one year after the date of the 
enactment of this Act [Oct. 23, 1992], and every 12 months thereafter, 
the President shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services and 
Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committees on Armed Services and 
Foreign Affairs [now Committee on International Relations] of the House 
of Representatives a report detailing--
        ``(1) all transfers or retransfers made by any person or foreign 
    government during the preceding 12-month period which are subject to 
    any sanction under this title; and
        ``(2) the actions the President intends to undertake or has 
    undertaken pursuant to this title with respect to each such 
    transfer.
    ``(b) Report on Individual Transfers.--Whenever the President 
determines that a person or foreign government has made a transfer which 
is subject to any sanction under this title, the President shall, within 
30 days after such transfer, submit to the Committees on Armed Services 
and Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committees on Armed Services 
and Foreign Affairs [now Committee on International Relations] of the 
House of Representatives a report--
        ``(1) identifying the person or government and providing the 
    details of the transfer; and
        ``(2) describing the actions the President intends to undertake 
    or has undertaken under the provisions of this title with respect to 
    each such transfer.
    ``(c) Form of Transmittal.--Reports required by this section may be 
submitted in classified as well as in unclassified form.
``SEC. 1608. DEFINITIONS.
    ``For purposes of this title:
        ``(1) The term `advanced conventional weapons' includes--
            ``(A) such long-range precision-guided munitions, fuel air 
        explosives, cruise missiles, low observability aircraft, other 
        radar evading aircraft, advanced military aircraft, military 
        satellites, electromagnetic weapons, and laser weapons as the 
        President determines destabilize the military balance or enhance 
        offensive capabilities in destabilizing ways;
            ``(B) such advanced command, control, and communications 
        systems, electronic warfare systems, or intelligence collection 
        systems as the President determines destabilize the military 
        balance or enhance offensive capabilities in destabilizing ways; 
        and
            ``(C) such other items or systems as the President may, by 
        regulation, determine necessary for purposes of this title.
        ``(2) The term `cruise missile' means guided missiles that use 
    aerodynamic lift to offset gravity and propulsion to counteract 
    drag.
        ``(3) The term `goods or technology' means--
            ``(A) any article, natural or manmade substance, material, 
        supply, or manufactured product, including inspection and test 
        equipment; and
            ``(B) any information and know-how (whether in tangible 
        form, such as models, prototypes, drawings, sketches, diagrams, 
        blueprints, or manuals, or in intangible form, such as training 
        or technical services) that can be used to design, produce, 
        manufacture, utilize, or reconstruct goods, including computer 
        software and technical data.
        ``(4) The term `person' means any United States or foreign 
    individual, partnership, corporation, or other form of association, 
    or any of their successor entities, parents, or subsidiaries.
        ``(5) The term `sanctioned country' means a country against 
    which sanctions are required to be imposed pursuant to section 1605.
        ``(6) The term `sanctioned person' means a person that makes a 
    transfer described in section 1604(a).
        ``(7) The term `United States assistance' means--
            ``(A) any assistance under the Foreign Assistance Act of 
        1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.), other than urgent humanitarian 
        assistance or medicine;
            ``(B) sales and assistance under the Arms Export Control Act 
        [22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.];
            ``(C) financing by the Commodity Credit Corporation for 
        export sales of agricultural commodities; and
            ``(D) financing under the Export-Import Bank Act [of 1945] 
        [22 U.S.C. 635 et seq.].''
    [Memorandum of President of the United States, Sept. 27, 1994, 59 
F.R. 50685, delegated to Secretary of State, in consultation with heads 
of other departments and agencies, all functions vested in President 
under title XVI of Pub. L. 102-484, set out above, without limitation of 
authority of other officials to exercise powers heretofore or hereafter 
delegated to them to implement sanctions imposed or actions directed by 
the Secretary pursuant to this delegation of authority.]


        Payment of Claims by United States Nationals Against Iraq

    Pub. L. 101-519, Sec. 131, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2249, which 
authorized President to vest title in a portion of property in which 
transactions were blocked pursuant to Executive Order 12722 in order to 
satisfy obligations owed to United States Government and United States 
nationals for which Iraq had suspended repayment, was repealed by Pub. 
L. 102-27, title IV, Sec. 402(a), Apr. 10, 1991, 105 Stat. 155, as 
amended by Pub. L. 102-136, Sec. 126, Oct. 25, 1991, 105 Stat. 643, 
effective Nov. 5, 1990.


                             Iraq Sanctions

    Pub. L. 101-513, title V, Secs. 586-586J, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 
2047-2054, provided that:
``SEC. 586. SHORT TITLE.
    ``Sections 586 through 586J of this Act may be cited as the `Iraq 
Sanctions Act of 1990'.
``SEC. 586A. DECLARATIONS REGARDING IRAQ'S INVASION OF KUWAIT.
    ``The Congress--
        ``(1) condemns Iraq's invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990;
        ``(2) supports the actions that have been taken by the President 
    in response to that invasion;
        ``(3) calls for the immediate and unconditional withdrawal of 
    Iraqi forces from Kuwait;
        ``(4) supports the efforts of the United Nations Security 
    Council to end this violation of international law and threat to 
    international peace;
        ``(5) supports the imposition and enforcement of multilateral 
    sanctions against Iraq;
        ``(6) calls on United States allies and other countries to 
    support fully the efforts of the United Nations Security Council, 
    and to take other appropriate actions, to bring about an end to 
    Iraq's occupation of Kuwait; and
        ``(7) condemns the brutal occupation of Kuwait by Iraq and its 
    gross violations of internationally recognized human rights in 
    Kuwait, including widespread arrests, torture, summary executions, 
    and mass extrajudicial killings.
``SEC. 586B. CONSULTATIONS WITH CONGRESS.
    ``The President shall keep the Congress fully informed, and shall 
consult with the Congress, with respect to current and anticipated 
events regarding the international crisis caused by Iraq's invasion of 
Kuwait, including with respect to United States actions.
``SEC. 586C. TRADE EMBARGO AGAINST IRAQ.
    ``(a) Continuation of Embargo.--Except as otherwise provided in this 
section, the President shall continue to impose the trade embargo and 
other economic sanctions with respect to Iraq and Kuwait that the United 
States is imposing, in response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, pursuant 
to Executive Orders Numbered 12724 and 12725 [set out below] (August 9, 
1990) and, to the extent they are still in effect, Executive Orders 
Numbered 12722 and 12723 [set out below] (August 2, 1990). 
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no funds, credits, 
guarantees, or insurance appropriated or otherwise made available by 
this or any other Act for fiscal year 1991 or any fiscal year thereafter 
shall be used to support or administer any financial or commercial 
operation of any United States Government department, agency, or other 
entity, or of any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United 
States, for the benefit of the Government of Iraq, its agencies or 
instrumentalities, or any person working on behalf of the Government of 
Iraq, contrary to the trade embargo and other economic sanctions imposed 
in accordance with this section.
    ``(b) Humanitarian Assistance.--To the extent that transactions 
involving foodstuffs or payments for foodstuffs are exempted `in 
humanitarian circumstances' from the prohibitions established by the 
United States pursuant to United Nations Security Council Resolution 661 
(1990), those exemptions shall be limited to foodstuffs that are to be 
provided consistent with United Nations Security Council Resolution 666 
(1990) and other relevant Security Council resolutions.
    ``(c) Notice to Congress of Exceptions to and Termination of 
Sanctions.--
        ``(1) Notice of regulations.--Any regulations issued after the 
    date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 5, 1990] with respect to the 
    economic sanctions imposed with respect to Iraq and Kuwait by the 
    United States under Executive Orders Numbered 12722 and 12723 
    (August 2, 1990) and Executive Orders Numbered 12724 and 12725 
    (August 9, 1990) shall be submitted to the Congress before those 
    regulations take effect.
        ``(2) Notice of termination of sanctions.--The President shall 
    notify the Congress at least 15 days before the termination, in 
    whole or in part, of any sanction imposed with respect to Iraq or 
    Kuwait pursuant to those Executive orders.
    ``(d) Relation to Other Laws.--
        ``(1) Sanctions legislation.--The sanctions that are described 
    in subsection (a) are in addition to, and not in lieu of the 
    sanctions provided for in section 586G of this Act or any other 
    provision of law.
        ``(2) National emergencies and united nations legislation.--
    Nothing in this section supersedes any provision of the National 
    Emergencies Act [50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.] or any authority of the 
    President under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act [50 
    U.S.C. 1701 et seq.] or section 5(a) of the United Nations 
    Participation Act of 1945 [22 U.S.C. 287c(a)].
``SEC. 586D. COMPLIANCE WITH UNITED NATIONS SANCTIONS AGAINST IRAQ.
    ``(a) Denial of Assistance.--None of the funds appropriated or 
otherwise made available pursuant to this Act [see Tables for 
classification] to carry out the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 
U.S.C. 2151 et seq.] (including title IV of chapter 2 of part I [22 
U.S.C. 2191 et seq.], relating to the Overseas Private Investment 
Corporation) or the Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.] may 
be used to provide assistance to any country that is not in compliance 
with the United Nations Security Council sanctions against Iraq unless 
the President determines and so certifies to the Congress that--
        ``(1) such assistance is in the national interest of the United 
    States;
        ``(2) such assistance will directly benefit the needy people in 
    that country; or
        ``(3) the assistance to be provided will be humanitarian 
    assistance for foreign nationals who have fled Iraq and Kuwait.
    ``(b) Import Sanctions.--If the President considers that the taking 
of such action would promote the effectiveness of the economic sanctions 
of the United Nations and the United States imposed with respect to 
Iraq, and is consistent with the national interest, the President may 
prohibit, for such a period of time as he considers appropriate, the 
importation into the United States of any or all products of any foreign 
country that has not prohibited--
        ``(1) the importation of products of Iraq into its customs 
    territory, and
        ``(2) the export of its products to Iraq.
``SEC. 586E. PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS OF EMBARGO.
    ``Notwithstanding section 206 of the International Emergency 
Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) and section 5(b) of the United 
Nations Participation Act of 1945 (22 U.S.C. 287c(b))--
        ``(1) a civil penalty of not to exceed $250,000 may be imposed 
    on any person who, after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 5, 
    1990], violates or evades or attempts to violate or evade Executive 
    Order Numbered 12722, 12723, 12724, or 12725 [set out below] or any 
    license, order, or regulation issued under any such Executive order; 
    and
        ``(2) whoever, after the date of enactment of this Act, 
    willfully violates or evades or attempts to violate or evade 
    Executive Order Numbered 12722, 12723, 12724, or 12725 or any 
    license, order, or regulation issued under any such Executive 
    order--
            ``(A) shall, upon conviction, be fined not more than 
        $1,000,000, if a person other than a natural person; or
            ``(B) if a natural person, shall, upon conviction, be fined 
        not more than $1,000,000, be imprisoned for not more than 12 
        years, or both.
Any officer, director, or agent of any corporation who knowingly 
participates in a violation, evasion, or attempt described in paragraph 
(2) may be punished by imposition of the fine or imprisonment (or both) 
specified in subparagraph (B) of that paragraph.
``SEC. 586F. DECLARATIONS REGARDING IRAQ'S LONG-STANDING VIOLATIONS OF 
        INTERNATIONAL LAW.
    ``(a) Iraq's Violations of International Law.--The Congress 
determines that--
        ``(1) the Government of Iraq has demonstrated repeated and 
    blatant disregard for its obligations under international law by 
    violating the Charter of the United Nations, the Protocol for the 
    Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other 
    Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare (done at Geneva, 
    June 17, 1925), as well as other international treaties;
        ``(2) the Government of Iraq is a party to the International 
    Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International 
    Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights and is obligated 
    under the Covenants, as well as the Universal Declaration of Human 
    Rights, to respect internationally recognized human rights;
        ``(3) the State Department's Country Reports on Human Rights 
    Practices for 1989 again characterizes Iraq's human rights record as 
    `abysmal';
        ``(4) Amnesty International, Middle East Watch, and other 
    independent human rights organizations have documented extensive, 
    systematic, and continuing human rights abuses by the Government of 
    Iraq, including summary executions, mass political killings, 
    disappearances, widespread use of torture, arbitrary arrests and 
    prolonged detention without trial of thousands of political 
    opponents, forced relocation and deportation, denial of nearly all 
    civil and political rights such as freedom of association, assembly, 
    speech, and the press, and the imprisonment, torture, and execution 
    of children;
        ``(5) since 1987, the Government of Iraq has intensified its 
    severe repression of the Kurdish minority of Iraq, deliberately 
    destroyed more than 3,000 villages and towns in the Kurdish regions, 
    and forcibly expelled more than 500,000 people, thus effectively 
    depopulating the rural areas of Iraqi Kurdistan;
        ``(6) Iraq has blatantly violated international law by 
    initiating use of chemical weapons in the Iran-Iraq war;
        ``(7) Iraq has also violated international law by using chemical 
    weapons against its own Kurdish citizens, resulting in tens of 
    thousands of deaths and more than 65,000 refugees;
        ``(8) Iraq continues to expand its chemical weapons capability, 
    and President Saddam Hussein has threatened to use chemical weapons 
    against other nations;
        ``(9) persuasive evidence exists that Iraq is developing 
    biological weapons in violation of international law;
        ``(10) there are strong indications that Iraq has taken steps to 
    produce nuclear weapons and has attempted to smuggle from the United 
    States, in violation of United States law, components for triggering 
    devices used in nuclear warheads whose manufacture would contravene 
    the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, to which 
    Iraq is a party; and
        ``(11) Iraqi President Saddam Hussein has threatened to use 
    terrorism against other nations in violation of international law 
    and has increased Iraq's support for the Palestine Liberation 
    Organization and other Palestinian groups that have conducted 
    terrorist acts.
    ``(b) Human Rights Violations.--The Congress determines that the 
Government of Iraq is engaged in a consistent pattern of gross 
violations of internationally recognized human rights. All provisions of 
law that impose sanctions against a country whose government is engaged 
in a consistent pattern of gross violations of internationally 
recognized human rights shall be fully enforced against Iraq.
    ``(c) Support for International Terrorism.--(1) The Congress 
determines that Iraq is a country which has repeatedly provided support 
for acts of international terrorism, a country which grants sanctuary 
from prosecution to individuals or groups which have committed an act of 
international terrorism, and a country which otherwise supports 
international terrorism. The provisions of law specified in paragraph 
(2) and all other provisions of law that impose sanctions against a 
country which has repeatedly provided support for acts of international 
terrorism, which grants sanctuary from prosecution to an individual or 
group which has committed an act of international terrorism, or which 
otherwise supports international terrorism shall be fully enforced 
against Iraq.
    ``(2) The provisions of law referred to in paragraph (1) are--
        ``(A) section 40 of the Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 
    2780];
        ``(B) section 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 
    U.S.C. 2371];
        ``(C) sections 555 and 556 of this Act [104 Stat. 2021, 2022] 
    (and the corresponding sections of predecessor foreign operations 
    appropriations Acts); and
        ``(D) section 555 of the International Security and Development 
    Cooperation Act of 1985 [99 Stat. 227].
    ``(d) Multilateral Cooperation.--The Congress calls on the President 
to seek multilateral cooperation--
        ``(1) to deny dangerous technologies to Iraq;
        ``(2) to induce Iraq to respect internationally recognized human 
    rights; and
        ``(3) to induce Iraq to allow appropriate international 
    humanitarian and human rights organizations to have access to Iraq 
    and Kuwait, including the areas in northern Iraq traditionally 
    inhabited by Kurds.
``SEC. 586G. SANCTIONS AGAINST IRAQ.
    ``(a) Imposition.--Except as provided in section 586H, the following 
sanctions shall apply with respect to Iraq:
        ``(1) FMS sales.--The United States Government shall not enter 
    into any sale with Iraq under the Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 
    2751 et seq.].
        ``(2) Commercial arms sales.--Licenses shall not be issued for 
    the export to Iraq of any item on the United States Munitions List.
        ``(3) Exports of certain goods and technology.--The authorities 
    of section 6 of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. 
    App. 2405) shall be used to prohibit the export to Iraq of any goods 
    or technology listed pursuant to that section or section 5(c)(1) of 
    that Act (50 U.S.C. App. 2404(c)(1)) on the control list provided 
    for in section 4(b) of that Act (50 U.S.C. App. 2403(b)).
        ``(4) Nuclear equipment, materials, and technology.--
            ``(A) NRC licenses.--The Nuclear Regulatory Commission shall 
        not issue any license or other authorization under the Atomic 
        Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2011 and following) for the export 
        to Iraq of any source or special nuclear material, any 
        production or utilization facility, any sensitive nuclear 
        technology, any component, item, or substance determined to have 
        significance for nuclear explosive purposes pursuant to section 
        109b. of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2139(b)), or 
        any other material or technology requiring such a license or 
        authorization.
            ``(B) Distribution of nuclear materials.--The authority of 
        the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 shall not be used to distribute 
        any special nuclear material, source material, or byproduct 
        material to Iraq.
            ``(C) DOE authorizations.--The Secretary of Energy shall not 
        provide a specific authorization under section 57b.(2) of the 
        Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2077(b)(2)) for any 
        activity that would constitute directly or indirectly engaging 
        in Iraq in activities that require a specific authorization 
        under that section.
        ``(5) Assistance from international financial institutions.--The 
    United States shall oppose any loan or financial or technical 
    assistance to Iraq by international financial institutions in 
    accordance with section 701 of the International Financial 
    Institutions Act (22 U.S.C. 262d).
        ``(6) Assistance through the export-import bank.--Credits and 
    credit guarantees through the Export-Import Bank of the United 
    States shall be denied to Iraq.
        ``(7) Assistance through the commodity credit corporation.--
    Credit, credit guarantees, and other assistance through the 
    Commodity Credit Corporation shall be denied to Iraq.
        ``(8) Foreign assistance.--All forms of assistance under the 
    Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 and following) other 
    than emergency assistance for medical supplies and other forms of 
    emergency humanitarian assistance, and under the Arms Export Control 
    Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 and following) shall be denied to Iraq.
    ``(b) Contract Sanctity.--For purposes of the export controls 
imposed pursuant to subsection (a)(3), the date described in subsection 
(m)(1) of section 6 of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. 
App. 2405) shall be deemed to be August 1, 1990.
``SEC. 586H. WAIVER AUTHORITY.
    ``(a) In General.--The President may waive the requirements of any 
paragraph of section 586G(a) if the President makes a certification 
under subsection (b) or subsection (c).
    ``(b) Certification of Fundamental Changes in Iraqi Policies and 
Actions.--The authority of subsection (a) may be exercised 60 days after 
the President certifies to the Congress that--
        ``(1) the Government of Iraq--
            ``(A) has demonstrated, through a pattern of conduct, 
        substantial improvement in its respect for internationally 
        recognized human rights;
            ``(B) is not acquiring, developing, or manufacturing (i) 
        ballistic missiles, (ii) chemical, biological, or nuclear 
        weapons, or (iii) components for such weapons; has forsworn the 
        first use of such weapons; and is taking substantial and 
        verifiable steps to destroy or otherwise dispose of any such 
        missiles and weapons it possesses; and
            ``(C) does not provide support for international terrorism;
        ``(2) the Government of Iraq is in substantial compliance with 
    its obligations under international law, including--
            ``(A) the Charter of the United Nations;
            ``(B) the International Covenant on Civil and Political 
        Rights (done at New York, December 16, 1966) and the 
        International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights 
        (done at New York, December 16, 1966);
            ``(C) the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the 
        Crime of Genocide (done at Paris, December 9, 1948);
            ``(D) the Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of 
        Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological 
        Methods of Warfare (done at Geneva, June 17, 1925);
            ``(E) the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 
        (done at Washington, London, and Moscow, July 1, 1968); and
            ``(F) the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, 
        Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and 
        Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction (done at Washington, 
        London, and Moscow, April 10, 1972); and
        ``(3) the President has determined that it is essential to the 
    national interests of the United States to exercise the authority of 
    subsection (a).
    ``(c) Certification of Fundamental Changes in Iraqi Leadership and 
Policies.--The authority of subsection (a) may be exercised 30 days 
after the President certifies to the Congress that--
        ``(1) there has been a fundamental change in the leadership of 
    the Government of Iraq; and
        ``(2) the new Government of Iraq has provided reliable and 
    credible assurance that--
            ``(A) it respects internationally recognized human rights 
        and it will demonstrate such respect through its conduct;
            ``(B) it is not acquiring, developing, or manufacturing and 
        it will not acquire, develop, or manufacture (i) ballistic 
        missiles, (ii) chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons, or 
        (iii) components for such weapons; has forsworn the first use of 
        such weapons; and is taking substantial and verifiable steps to 
        destroy or otherwise dispose of any such missiles and weapons it 
        possesses;
            ``(C) it is not and will not provide support for 
        international terrorism; and
            ``(D) it is and will continue to be in substantial 
        compliance with its obligations under international law, 
        including all the treaties specified in subparagraphs (A) 
        through (F) of subsection (b)(2).
    ``(d) Information To Be Included in Certifications.--Any 
certification under subsection (b) or (c) shall include the 
justification for each determination required by that subsection. The 
certification shall also specify which paragraphs of section 586G(a) the 
President will waive pursuant to that certification.
``SEC. 586I. DENIAL OF LICENSES FOR CERTAIN EXPORTS TO COUNTRIES 
        ASSISTING IRAQ'S ROCKET OR CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, OR NUCLEAR 
        WEAPONS CAPABILITY.
    ``(a) Restriction on Export Licenses.--None of the funds 
appropriated by this or any other Act may be used to approve the 
licensing for export of any supercomputer to any country whose 
government the President determines is assisting, or whose government 
officials the President determines are assisting, Iraq to improve its 
rocket technology or chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons 
capability.
    ``(b) Negotiations.--The President is directed to begin immediate 
negotiations with those governments with which the United States has 
bilateral supercomputer agreements, including the Government of the 
United Kingdom and the Government of Japan, on conditions restricting 
the transfer to Iraq of supercomputer or associated technology.
``SEC. 586J. REPORTS TO CONGRESS.
    ``(a) Study and Report on the International Export to Iraq of 
Nuclear, Biological, Chemical, and Ballistic Missile Technology.--(1) 
The President shall conduct a study on the sale, export, and third party 
transfer or development of nuclear, biological, chemical, and ballistic 
missile technology to or with Iraq including--
        ``(A) an identification of specific countries, as well as 
    companies and individuals, both foreign and domestic, engaged in 
    such sale or export of, nuclear, biological, chemical, and ballistic 
    missile technology;
        ``(B) a detailed description and analysis of the international 
    supply, information, support, and coproduction network, individual, 
    corporate, and state, responsible for Iraq's current capability in 
    the area of nuclear, biological, chemical, and ballistic missile 
    technology; and
        ``(C) a recommendation of standards and procedures against which 
    to measure and verify a decision of the Government of Iraq to 
    terminate the development, production, coproduction, and deployment 
    of nuclear, biological, chemical, and offensive ballistic missile 
    technology as well as the destruction of all existing facilities 
    associated with such technologies.
    ``(2) The President shall include in the study required by paragraph 
(1) specific recommendations on new mechanisms, to include, but not be 
limited to, legal, political, economic and regulatory, whereby the 
United States might contribute, in conjunction with its friends, allies, 
and the international community, to the management, control, or 
elimination of the threat of nuclear, biological, chemical, and 
ballistic missile proliferation.
    ``(3) Not later than March 30, 1991, the President shall submit to 
the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Foreign Relations 
of the Senate and the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on 
Foreign Affairs [now Committee on International Relations] of the House 
of Representatives, a report, in both classified and unclassified form, 
setting forth the findings of the study required by paragraph (1) of 
this subsection.
    ``(b) Study and Report on Iraq's Offensive Military Capability.--(1) 
The President shall conduct a study on Iraq's offensive military 
capability and its effect on the Middle East balance of power including 
an assessment of Iraq's power projection capability, the prospects for 
another sustained conflict with Iran, joint Iraqi-Jordanian military 
cooperation, the threat Iraq's arms transfer activities pose to United 
States allies in the Middle East, and the extension of Iraq's political-
military influence into Africa and Latin America.
    ``(2) Not later than March 30, 1991, the President shall submit to 
the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Foreign Relations 
of the Senate and the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on 
Foreign Affairs [now Committee on International Relations] of the House 
of Representatives, a report, in both classified and unclassified form, 
setting forth the findings of the study required by paragraph (1).
    ``(c) Report on Sanctions Taken by Other Nations Against Iraq.--(1) 
The President shall prepare a report on the steps taken by other 
nations, both before and after the August 2, 1990, invasion of Kuwait, 
to curtail the export of goods, services, and technologies to Iraq which 
might contribute to, or enhance, Iraq's nuclear, biological, chemical, 
and ballistic missile capability.
    ``(2) The President shall provide a complete accounting of 
international compliance with each of the sanctions resolutions adopted 
by the United Nations Security Council against Iraq since August 2, 
1990, and shall list, by name, each country which to his knowledge, has 
provided any assistance to Iraq and the amount and type of that 
assistance in violation of each United Nations resolution.
    ``(3) The President shall make every effort to encourage other 
nations, in whatever forum or context, to adopt sanctions toward Iraq 
similar to those contained in this section.
    ``(4) Not later than every 6 months after the date of enactment of 
this Act [Nov. 5, 1990], the President shall submit to the Committee on 
Appropriations and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and 
the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Foreign Affairs 
[now Committee on International Relations] of the House of 
Representatives, a report in both classified and unclassified form, 
setting forth the findings of the study required by paragraph (1) of 
this subsection.''
    [Provisions similar to section 586D of Pub. L. 101-513, set out 
above, relating to compliance with sanctions against Iraq were contained 
in the following appropriations acts:
    [Pub. L. 106-113, div. B, Sec. 1000(a)(2) [title V, Sec. 534], Nov. 
29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A-93.
    [Pub. L. 105-277, div. A, Sec. 101(d) [title V, Sec. 535], Oct. 21, 
1998, 112 Stat. 2681-150, 2681-181.
    [Pub. L. 105-118, title V, Sec. 534, Nov. 26, 1997, 111 Stat. 2416.
    [Pub. L. 104-208, div. A, title I, Sec. 101(c) [title V, Sec. 533], 
Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009-121, 3009-152.
    [Pub. L. 104-107, title V, Sec. 534, Feb. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 734.
    [Pub. L. 103-306, title V, Sec. 538, Aug. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 1639.
    [Pub. L. 103-87, title V, Sec. 539, Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 957.
    [Pub. L. 102-391, title V, Sec. 573, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1683.]
    Pub. L. 101-510, div. A, title XIV, Sec. 1458, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 
Stat. 1697, provided that: ``If the President considers that the taking 
of such action would promote the effectiveness of the economic sanctions 
of the United Nations and the United States imposed with respect to 
Iraq, and is consistent with the national interest, the President may 
prohibit, for such a period of time as he considers appropriate, the 
importation into the United States of any or all products of any foreign 
country that has not--
        ``(1) prohibited--
            ``(A) the importation of products of Iraq into its customs 
        territory, and
            ``(B) the export of its products to Iraq; or
        ``(2) given assurances satisfactory to the President that such 
    import and export sanctions will be promptly implemented.''


                         Iran Claims Settlement

    Pub. L. 99-93, title V, Aug. 16, 1985, 99 Stat. 437, provided that:
``SEC. 501. RECEIPT AND DETERMINATION OF CERTAIN CLAIMS.
    ``(a) Authority of Foreign Claims Settlement Commission.--The 
Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States is authorized 
to receive and determine the validity and amounts of claims by nationals 
of the United States against Iran which are settled en bloc by the 
United States. In deciding such claims, the Commission shall apply, in 
the following order--
        ``(1) the terms of any settlement agreement;
        ``(2) the relevant provisions of the Declarations of the 
    Government of the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria of 
    January 19, 1981, giving consideration to interpretations thereof by 
    the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal; and
        ``(3) applicable principles of international law, justice, and 
    equity.
Except as otherwise provided in this title, the provisions of title I of 
the International Claims Settlement Act of 1949 (22 U.S.C. 1621 et seq.) 
shall apply with respect to claims under this section. Any reference in 
such provisions to `this title' [translated therein as `this 
subchapter'] shall be deemed to refer to those provisions and to this 
section.
    ``(b) Certification and Payment.--The Commission shall certify to 
the Secretary of the Treasury any awards determined pursuant to 
subsection (a) in accordance with section 5 of title I of the 
International Claims Settlement Act of 1949 (22 U.S.C. 1624). Such 
awards shall be paid in accordance with sections 7 and 8 of such title 
(22 U.S.C. 1626 and 1627), except that--
        ``(1) the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to make 
    payments pursuant to paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 8(c) of such 
    title in the amount of $10,000 or the principal amount of the award, 
    whichever is less; and
        ``(2) the Secretary of the Treasury may deduct, pursuant to 
    section 7(b) of such title, an amount calculated in accordance with 
    section 502(a) of this Act, instead of 5 percent of payments made 
    pursuant to section 8(c) of such title.
``SEC. 502. DEDUCTIONS FROM ARBITRAL AWARDS.
    ``(a) Deduction for Expenses of the United States.--Except as 
provided in section 503, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York shall 
deduct from the aggregate amount awarded under each enumerated claim 
before the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal in favor of a United 
States claimant, an amount equal to 1\1/2\ percent of the first 
$5,000,000 and 1 percent of any amount over $5,000,000, as reimbursement 
to the United States Government for expenses incurred in connection with 
the arbitration of claims of United States claimants against Iran before 
that Tribunal and the maintenance of the Security Account established 
pursuant to the Declarations of the Democratic and Popular Republic of 
Algeria of January 19, 1981. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York shall 
make the deduction required by the preceding sentence whenever the Bank 
receives an amount from the Security Account in satisfaction of an award 
rendered by the Iran-United States Claim Tribunal on the enumerated 
claim involved.
    ``(b) Deduction Treated as Miscellaneous Receipt.--Amounts deducted 
by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York pursuant to subsection (a) shall 
be deposited into the Treasury of the United States to the credit of 
miscellaneous receipts.
    ``(c) Payment to United States Claimants.--Nothing in this section 
shall be construed to affect the payment to United States claimants of 
amounts received by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York in respect of 
awards by the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal, after deduction of the 
amounts calculated in accordance with subsection (a).
    ``(d) Effective Date.--This section shall be effective as of June 7, 
1982.
``SEC. 503. EN BLOC SETTLEMENT.
    ``The deduction by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York provided for 
in section 502(a) of this Act shall not apply in the case of a sum 
received by the Bank pursuant to an en bloc settlement of any category 
of claims of United States nationals against Iran when such sum is to be 
used for payments in satisfaction of awards certified by the Foreign 
Claims Settlement Commission pursuant to section 501(b) of this Act.
``SEC. 504. REIMBURSEMENT TO THE FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF NEW YORK.
    ``The Secretary of the Treasury may reimburse the Federal Reserve 
Bank of New York for expenses incurred by the Bank in the performance of 
fiscal agency agreements relating to the settlement or arbitration of 
claims pursuant to the Declarations of the Democratic and Popular 
Republic of Algeria of January 19, 1981.
``SEC. 505. CONFIDENTIALITY OF RECORDS.
    ``Notwithstanding section 552 of title 5, United States Code 
(commonly referred to as the Freedom of Information Act), records 
pertaining to the arbitration of claims before the Iran-United States 
Claims Tribunal may not be disclosed to the general public, except 
that--
        ``(1) rules, awards, and other decisions of the Tribunal and 
    claims and responsive pleadings filed at the Tribunal by the United 
    States on its own behalf shall be made available to the public, 
    unless the Secretary of State determines that public disclosure 
    would be prejudicial to the interests of the United States or United 
    States claimants in proceedings before the Tribunal, or that public 
    disclosure would be contrary to the rules of the Tribunal; and
        ``(2) the Secretary of State may determine on a case-by-case 
    basis to make such information available when in the judgment of the 
    Secretary the interests of justice so require.''

        Ex. Ord. No. 12170. Blocking Iranian Government Property

    Ex. Ord. No. 12170, Nov. 14, 1979, 44 F.R. 65729, provided:
    Pursuant to the authority vested in me as President by the 
Constitution and laws of the United States including the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act, 50 U.S.C.A. sec. 1701 et seq., the 
National Emergencies Act, 50 U.S.C. sec. 1601 et seq., and 3 U.S.C. sec. 
301,
    I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States, find that the 
situation in Iran constitutes an unusual and extraordinary threat to the 
national security, foreign policy and economy of the United States and 
hereby declare a national emergency to deal with that threat.
    I hereby order blocked all property and interests in property of the 
Government of Iran, its instrumentalities and controlled entities and 
the Central Bank of Iran which are or become subject to the jurisdiction 
of the United States or which are in or come within the possession or 
control of persons subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.
    The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to employ all powers 
granted to me by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act [this 
chapter] to carry out the provisions of this order.
    This order is effective immediately and shall be transmitted to the 
Congress and published in the Federal Register.
                                                           Jimmy Carter.

    Continuation of National Emergency Declared by Ex. Ord. No. 12170

    Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 5, 1999, 64 
F.R. 61471, provided:
    On November 14, 1979, by Executive Order 12170 [set out above], the 
President declared a national emergency to deal with the threat to the 
national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States 
constituted by the situation in Iran. Notices of the continuation of 
this national emergency have been transmitted annually by the President 
to the Congress and the Federal Register. The most recent notice 
appeared in the Federal Register on November 12, 1998. Because our 
relations with Iran have not yet returned to normal, and the process of 
implementing the January 19, 1981, agreements with Iran is still 
underway, the national emergency declared on November 14, 1979, must 
continue in effect beyond November 14, 1999. Therefore, in accordance 
with section 202(d) of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)), 
I am continuing the national emergency with respect to Iran. This notice 
shall be published in the Federal Register and transmitted to the 
Congress.
                                                     William J. Clinton.

    Prior continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 
12170 were contained in the following:
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 9, 1998, 63 
F.R. 63125.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 30, 1997, 62 
F.R. 51591.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 29, 1996, 61 
F.R. 56107.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 31, 1995, 60 
F.R. 55651.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 31, 1994, 59 
F.R. 54785.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 1, 1993, 58 
F.R. 58639.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 25, 1992, 57 
F.R. 48719.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 12, 1991, 56 
F.R. 57791.
    Notice of the President of the United States, dated Nov. 9, 1990, 55 
F.R. 47453.
    Notice of the President of the United States, dated Oct. 30, 1989, 
54 F.R. 46043.
    Notice of the President of the United States, dated Nov. 8, 1988, 53 
F.R. 45750.
    Notice of the President of the United States, dated Nov. 10, 1987, 
52 F.R. 43549.
    Notice of the President of the United States, dated Nov. 10, 1986, 
51 F.R. 41067.
    Notice of the President of the United States, dated Nov. 1, 1985, 50 
F.R. 45901.
    Notice of the President of the United States, dated Nov. 7, 1984, 49 
F.R. 44741.
    Notice of the President of the United States, dated Nov. 8, 1982, 47 
F.R. 50841.

     Ex. Ord. No. 12205. Prohibiting Certain Transactions With Iran

    Ex. Ord. No. 12205, Apr. 7, 1980, 45 F.R. 24099, as amended by Ex. 
Ord. No. 12211, Apr. 17, 1980, 45 F.R. 26685, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
statutes of the United States, including Section 203 of the 
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702), Section 
301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, and Section 301 of the 
National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1631), in order to take steps 
additional to those set forth in Executive Order No. 12170 of November 
14, 1979 [set out as a note above], to deal with the threat to the 
national security, foreign policy and economy of the United States 
referred to in that Order, and in furtherance of the objectives of 
United Nations Security Council Resolution 461 (1979) adopted on 
December 31, 1979, it is hereby ordered as follows:
    1-101. The following are prohibited effective immediately, 
notwithstanding any contracts entered into or licenses granted before 
the date of this Order [Apr. 7, 1980]:
    (a) The sale, supply or other transfer, by any person subject to the 
jurisdiction of the United States, of any items, commodities or 
products, except food, medicine and supplies intended strictly for 
medical purposes, and donations of clothing intended to be used to 
relieve human suffering, from the United States, or from any foreign 
country, whether or not originating in the United States, either to or 
destined for Iran, an Iranian governmental entity in Iran, any other 
person or body in Iran or any other person or body for the purposes of 
any enterprise carried on in Iran.
    (b) The shipment by vessel, aircraft, railway or other land 
transport of United States registration or owned by or under charter to 
any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States or the 
carriage (whether or not in bond) by land transport facilities across 
the United States of any of the items, commodities and products covered 
by paragraph (a) of this section which are consigned to or destined for 
Iran, an Iranian governmental entity or any person or body in Iran, or 
to any enterprise carried on in Iran.
    (c) The shipment from the United States of any of the items, 
products and commodities covered by paragraph (a) of this section on 
vessels or aircraft registered in Iran.
    (d) The following acts, when committed by any person subject to the 
jurisdiction of the United States in connection with any transaction 
involving Iran, an Iranian governmental entity, an enterprise controlled 
by Iran or an Iranian governmental entity, or any person in Iran:
        (i) Making available any new credits or loans;
        (ii) Making available any new deposit facilities or allowing 
    substantial increases in non-dollar deposits which exist as of the 
    date of this Order [Apr. 7, 1980];
        (iii) Allowing more favorable terms of payment than are 
    customarily used in international commercial transactions; or
        (iv) Failing to act in a businesslike manner in exercising any 
    rights when payments due on existing credits or loans are not made 
    in a timely manner.
        (v) Make any payment, transfer of credit, or other transfer of 
    funds or other property or interests therein, except for purposes of 
    family remittances.
    (e) The engaging by any person subject to the jurisdiction of the 
United States in any service contract in support of an industrial 
project in Iran, except any such contract entered into prior to the date 
of this Order [Apr. 7, 1980] or concerned with medical care.
    (f) The engaging by any person subject to the jurisdiction of the 
United States in any transaction which evades or avoids, or has the 
purpose or effect of evading or avoiding, any of the prohibitions set 
forth in this section.
    1-102. The prohibitions in section 1-101 above shall not apply to 
transactions by any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United 
States which is a nonbanking association, corporation, or other 
organization organized and doing business under the laws of any foreign 
country.
    1-103. The Secretary of the Treasury is delegated, and authorized to 
exercise, all functions vested in the President by the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to carry out the 
purposes of this Order. The Secretary may redelegate any of these 
functions to other officers and agencies of the Federal government.
    1-104. The Secretary of the Treasury shall ensure that actions taken 
pursuant to this Order and Executive Order No. 12170 [set out above] are 
accounted for as required by Section 401 of the National Emergencies Act 
(50 U.S.C. 1641).
    1-105. This Order is effective immediately. In accord with Section 
401 of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1641) and Section 204 of 
the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1703), it 
shall be immediately transmitted to the Congress and published in the 
Federal Register.
                                                           Jimmy Carter.

    Revocation of Prohibitions Contained in Executive Order No. 12205

    For provisions relating to the revocation of prohibitions contained 
in Ex. Ord. No. 12205, Apr. 7, 1980, 45 F.R. 24099, as amended, which 
prohibited certain transactions with Iran, see Ex. Ord. No. 12282, Jan. 
19, 1981, 46 F.R. 7925, set out below.

     Ex. Ord. No. 12211. Prohibiting Certain Transactions With Iran

    Ex. Ord. No. 12211, Apr. 17, 1980, 45 F.R. 26685, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
statutes of the United States, including Section 203 of the 
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702), Section 
301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, Sections 1732 and 2656 of 
Title 22 of the United States Code, and Section 301 of the National 
Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1631), in order to take steps additional to 
those set forth in Executive Order No. 12170 of November 14, 1979 [set 
out above], and Executive Order No. 12205 of April 7, 1980 [set out 
above], to deal with the threat to the national security, foreign policy 
and economy of the United States referred to in those Orders, and the 
added unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign 
policy and economy of the United States created by subsequent events in 
Iran and neighboring countries, including the Soviet invasion of 
Afghanistan, with respect to which I hereby declare a national 
emergency, and to carry out the policy of the United States to deny the 
use of its resources to aid, encourage or give sanctuary to those 
persons involved in directing, supporting or participating in acts of 
international terrorism, it is hereby ordered as follows:
    1-101. Paragraph 1-101(d) of Executive Order No. 12205 [set out 
above] is hereby amended by the addition of a new subparagraph (v) as 
follows:
    (v) Make any payment, transfer of credit, or other transfer of funds 
or other property or interests therein, except for purposes of family 
remittances.
    1-102. The following transactions are prohibited, notwithstanding 
any contracts entered into or licenses granted before the date of this 
Order [Apr. 17, 1980]:
        (a) Effective immediately, the direct or indirect import from 
    Iran into the United States of Iranian goods or services, other than 
    materials imported for news publication or news broadcast 
    dissemination.
        (b) Effective immediately, any transactions with a foreign 
    person or foreign entity by any citizen or permanent resident of the 
    United States relating to that person's travel to Iran after the 
    date of this Order [Apr. 17, 1980].
        (c) Effective seven days from the date of this Order [Apr. 17, 
    1980], the payment by or on behalf of any citizen or permanent 
    resident of the United States who is within Iran of any expenses for 
    transactions within Iran.
    The prohibitions in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section shall not 
apply to a person who is also a citizen of Iran and those prohibitions 
and the prohibitions in section 1-101 shall not apply to a journalist or 
other person who is regularly employed by a news gathering or 
transmitting organization and who travels to Iran or is within Iran for 
the purpose of gathering or transmitting news, making news or 
documentary films, or similar activities.
    1-103. The Secretary of the Treasury is hereby directed, effective 
fourteen days from the date of this Order [Apr. 17, 1980], to revoke 
existing licenses for transactions by persons subject to the 
jurisdiction of the United States with Iran Air, the National Iranian 
Oil Company, and the National Iranian Gas Company previously issued 
pursuant to regulations under Executive Order No. 12170 [set out above], 
or Executive Order No. 12205 [set out above].
    1-104. The Secretary of the Treasury is delegated, and authorized to 
exercise, all functions vested in the President by the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to carry out the 
purposes of this Order. The Secretary may redelegate any of these 
functions to other officers and agencies of the Federal government.
    1-105. The Secretary of the Treasury shall ensure that actions taken 
by him pursuant to the above provisions of this Order, Executive Order 
No. 12170 [set out above] and Executive Order No. 12205 [set out above] 
are accounted for as required by Section 401 of the National Emergencies 
Act (50 U.S.C. 1641).
    1-106. The Secretary of State is delegated, and authorized to 
exercise in furtherance of the purposes of this Order, the powers vested 
in the President by Section 2001 of the Revised Statutes (22 U.S.C. 
1732), Section 1 of the Act of July 3, 1926 (22 U.S.C. 211a), and 
Section 215 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1185), with 
respect to:
        (a) the restriction of the use of United States passports for 
    travel to, in or through Iran; and
        (b) the regulation of departures from and entry into the United 
    States in connection with travel to Iran by citizens and permanent 
    residents of the United States.
    1-107. Except as otherwise indicated herein, this Order is effective 
immediately. In accord with Section 401 of the National Emergencies Act 
(50 U.S.C. 1641) and Section 204 of the International Emergency Economic 
Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1703), it shall be immediately transmitted to the 
Congress and published in the Federal Register.
                                                           Jimmy Carter.

    Revocation of Prohibitions Contained in Executive Order No. 12211

    For provisions relating to the revocation of prohibitions contained 
in Ex. Ord. No. 12211, Apr. 17, 1980, 45 F.R. 26685, which prohibited 
certain transactions with Iran, see Ex. Ord. No. 12282, Jan. 19, 1981, 
46 F.R. 7925, set out below.

  Ex. Ord. No. 12276. Release of American Hostages in Iran--Direction 
              Relating to Establishment of Escrow Accounts

    Ex. Ord. No. 12276, Jan. 19, 1981, 46 F.R. 7913, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
statutes of the United States, including Section 203 of the 
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702), Section 
301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, Section 1732 of Title 22 of 
the United States Code, and Section 301 of the National Emergencies Act 
(50 U.S.C. 1631), in view of the continuing unusual and extraordinary 
threat to the national security, foreign policy and economy of the 
United States upon which I based my declarations of national emergency 
in Executive Order 12170 [set out above], issued November 14, 1979, and 
in Executive Order 12211 [set out above], issued April 17, 1980, in 
order to implement agreements with the Government of Iran, as reflected 
in Declarations of the Government of the Democratic and Popular Republic 
of Algeria dated January 19, 1981, relating to the release of U.S. 
diplomats and nationals being held as hostages and to the resolution of 
claims of United States nationals against Iran, and to begin the process 
of normalization of relations between the United States and Iran, it is 
hereby ordered that as of the effective date of this Order:
    1-101. The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to enter into, 
and to license, authorize, direct, and compel any appropriate official 
and/or the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, as fiscal agent of the 
United States, to enter into escrow or related agreements with a foreign 
central bank and with the Central Bank of Algeria under which certain 
money and other assets, as and when directed by the Secretary of the 
Treasury, shall be credited by the foreign central bank to an escrow 
account on its books in the name of the Central Bank of Algeria for 
transfer to the Government of Iran if and when the Central Bank of 
Algeria receives from the Government of Algeria a certification that the 
52 U.S. diplomats and nationals being held hostage in Iran have safely 
departed from Iran. Such agreements shall include other parties and 
terms as determined by the Secretary of the Treasury to be appropriate 
to carry out the purposes of this Order.
    1-102. The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to license, 
authorize, direct, and compel the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, as 
fiscal agent of the United States, to receive certain money and other 
assets in which Iran or its agencies, instrumentalities, or controlled 
entities have an interest and to hold or transfer such money and other 
assets, and any interest earned thereon, in such a manner as he deems 
necessary to fulfill the rights and obligations of the United States 
under the Declaration of the Government of the Democratic and Popular 
Republic of Algeria dated January 19, 1981, and the escrow and related 
agreements described in paragraph 1-101 of this Order. Such money and 
other assets may be held in interest-bearing form and where possible 
shall be invested with or through the entity holding the money or asset 
on the effective date of this Order.
    1-103. Compliance with this Executive Order, any other Executive 
Order licensing, authorizing, directing or compelling the transfer of 
the assets referred to in paragraphs 1-101 and 1-102 of this Order, or 
any regulations, instructions, or directions issued thereunder shall to 
the extent thereof be a full acquittance and discharge for all purposes 
of the obligation of the person making the same. No person shall be held 
liable in any court for or with respect to anything done or omitted in 
good faith in connection with the administration of, or pursuant to and 
in reliance on, such orders, regulations, instructions, or directions.
    1-104. The Attorney General shall seek to intervene in any 
litigation within the United States which arises out of this Order and 
shall, among other things, defend the legality of, and all actions taken 
pursuant to, each of its provisions.
    1-105. The Secretary of the Treasury is delegated and authorized to 
exercise all functions vested in the President by the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to carry out the 
purposes of this Order.
    1-106. This Order shall be effective immediately.
                                                           Jimmy Carter.

 Ex. Ord. No. 12277. Release of American Hostages in Iran--Direction To 
                   Transfer Iranian Government Assets

    Ex. Ord. No. 12277, Jan. 19, 1981, 46 F.R. 7915, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
statutes of the United States, including Section 203 of the 
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702), Section 
301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, Section 1732 of Title 22 of 
the United States Code, and Section 301 of the National Emergencies Act 
(50 U.S.C. 1631), in view of the continuing unusual and extraordinary 
threat to the national security, foreign policy and economy of the 
United States upon which I based my declarations of national emergency 
in Executive Order 12170 [set out above], issued November 14, 1979, and 
in Executive Order 12211 [set out above], issued April 17, 1980, in 
order to implement agreements with the Government of Iran, as reflected 
in Declarations of the Government of the Democratic and Popular Republic 
of Algeria dated January 19, 1981, relating to the release of U.S. 
diplomats and nationals being held as hostages and to the resolution of 
claims of United States nationals against Iran, and to begin the process 
of normalization of relations between the United States and Iran and in 
which Iran and the United States instruct and require that the assets 
described in this order shall be transferred as set forth below by the 
holders of such assets, it is hereby ordered that as of the effective 
date of this Order:
    1-101. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York is licensed, authorized, 
directed, and compelled to transfer to accounts at the Bank of England, 
and subsequently to transfer to accounts at the Bank of England 
established pursuant to an escrow agreement approved by the Secretary of 
the Treasury, all gold bullion, and other assets (or the equivalent 
thereof) in its custody, of the Government of Iran, or its agencies, 
instrumentalities or controlled entities. Such transfers shall be 
executed when and in the manner directed by the Secretary of the 
Treasury. The Secretary of the Treasury is also authorized to license, 
authorize, direct, and compel the Federal Reserve Bank of New York to 
engage in whatever further transactions he deems appropriate and 
consistent with the purposes of this Order, including any transactions 
related to the return of such bullion and other assets pursuant to the 
escrow agreement.
    1-102. (a) All licenses and authorizations for acquiring or 
exercising any right, power, or privilege, by court order, attachment, 
or otherwise, including the license contained in Section 535.504 of the 
Iranian Assets Control Regulations, with respect to the properties 
described in Section 1-101 of this Order are revoked and withdrawn.
    (b) All rights, powers, and privileges relating to the properties 
described in section 1-101 of this Order and which derive from any 
attachment, injunction, other like proceedings or process, or other 
action in any litigation after November 14, 1979, at 8:10 a.m. EST, 
including those derived from Section 535.504 of the Iranian Assets 
Control Regulations, other than rights, powers, and privileges of the 
Government of Iran and its agencies, instrumentalities, and controlled 
entities, whether acquired by court order or otherwise, are nullified, 
and all persons claiming any such right, power, or privilege are 
hereafter barred from exercising the same.
    (c) All persons subject to the jurisdiction of the United States are 
prohibited from acquiring or exercising any right, power, or privilege, 
whether by court order or otherwise, with respect to the properties (and 
any income earned thereon) referred to in Section 1-101 of this Order.
    1-103. Compliance with this Order, any other Executive Order 
licensing, authorizing, directing, or compelling the transfer of the 
assets described in section 1-101 of this Order, or any regulations, 
instructions, or directions issued thereunder shall to the extent 
thereof be a full acquittance and discharge for all purposes of the 
obligation of the person making the same. No person shall be held liable 
in any court for or with respect to anything done or omitted in good 
faith in connection with the administration of, or pursuant to and in 
reliance on, such orders, regulations, instructions, or directions.
    1-104. The Attorney General shall seek to intervene in any 
litigation within the United States which arises out of this Order and 
shall, among other things, defend the legality of, and all actions taken 
pursuant to, each of its provisions.
    1-105. The Secretary of the Treasury is delegated and authorized to 
exercise all functions vested in the President by the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to carry out the 
purposes of this Order.
    1-106. This Order shall be effective immediately.
                                                           Jimmy Carter.

 Ex. Ord. No. 12278. Release of American Hostages in Iran--Direction To 
               Transfer Iranian Government Assets Overseas

    Ex. Ord. No. 12278, Jan. 19, 1981, 46 F.R. 7917, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
statutes of the United States, including Section 203 of the 
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702), Section 
301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, Section 1732 of Title 22 of 
the United States Code, and Section 301 of the National Emergencies Act 
(50 U.S.C. 1631), in view of the continuing unusual and extraordinary 
threat to the national security, foreign policy and economy of the 
United States upon which I based my declarations of national emergency 
in Executive Order 12170 [set out above], issued November 14, 1979, and 
in Executive Order 12211 [set out above], issued April 17, 1980, in 
order to implement agreements with the Government of Iran, as reflected 
in Declarations of the Government of the Democratic and Popular Republic 
of Algeria dated January 19, 1981, relating to the release of U.S. 
diplomats and nationals being held as hostages and to the resolution of 
claims of United States nationals against Iran, and to begin the process 
of normalization of relations between the United States and Iran and in 
which Iran and the United States instruct and require that the assets 
described in this Order shall be transferred as set forth below by the 
holders of such assets, it is hereby ordered that as of the effective 
date of this Order:
    1-101. Any branch or office of a United States bank or subsidiary 
thereof, which branch or office is located outside the territory of the 
United States and which on or after 8:10 a.m. E.S.T. on November 14, 
1979 (a) has been or is in possession of funds or securities legally or 
beneficially owned by the Government of Iran or its agencies, 
instrumentalities, or controlled entities, or (b) has carried or is 
carrying on its books deposits standing to the credit of or beneficially 
owned by such Government, agencies, instrumentalities, or controlled 
entities, is licensed, authorized, directed, and compelled to transfer 
such funds, securities, and deposits, including interest from November 
14, 1979, at commercially reasonable rates, to the account of the 
Federal Reserve Bank of New York at the Bank of England, to be held or 
transferred as directed by the Secretary of the Treasury. The Secretary 
of the Treasury shall determine when the transfers required by this 
section shall take place. The funds, securities and deposits described 
in this section shall be further transferred as provided for in the 
Declaration of the Government of the Democratic and Popular Republic of 
Algeria and its Annex.
    1-102. Any banking institution subject to the jurisdiction of the 
United States that has executed a set-off on or after November 14, 1979, 
at 8:10 a.m. E.S.T. against Iranian funds, securities, or deposits 
referred to in section 1-101 is hereby licensed, authorized, directed, 
and compelled to cancel such set-off and to transfer all funds, 
securities, and deposits which have been subject to such set-off, 
including interest from November 14, 1979, at commercially reasonable 
rates, pursuant to the provisions of section 1-101 of this Order.
    1-103. If the funds, securities, and deposits described in section 
1-101 are not promptly transferred to the control of the Government of 
Iran, such funds, securities, and deposits shall be returned to the 
banking institutions holding them on the effective date of this Order 
and the set-offs described in section 1-102 shall be in force as if this 
Order had not been issued and the status of all such funds, securities, 
deposits and set-offs shall be status quo ante.
    1-104. (a) All licenses and authorizations for acquiring or 
exercising any right, power, or privilege, by court order, attachment, 
or otherwise, including the license contained in Section 535.504 of the 
Iranian Assets Control Regulations, with respect to the properties 
described in Sections 1-101 and 1-102 of this Order are revoked and 
withdrawn.
    (b) All rights, powers, and privileges relating to the properties 
described in Sections 1-101 and 1-102 of this Order and which derive 
from any attachment, injunction, other like proceedings or process, or 
other action in any litigation after November 14, 1979, at 8:10 a.m. 
E.S.T., including those derived from Section 535.504 of the Iranian 
Assets Control Regulations, other than rights, powers, and privileges of 
the Government of Iran and its agencies, instrumentalities, and 
controlled entities, whether acquired by court order or otherwise, are 
nullified, and all persons claiming any such right, power, or privilege 
are hereafter barred from exercising the same.
    (c) All persons subject to the jurisdiction of the United States are 
prohibited from acquiring or exercising any right, power, or privilege, 
whether by court order or otherwise, with respect to the properties (and 
any income earned thereon) referred to in Sections 1-101 and 1-102 of 
this Order.
    1-105. Compliance with this Order, any other Executive Order 
licensing, authorizing, directing, or compelling the transfer of the 
assets described in Sections 1-101 and 1-102 of this Order, or any 
regulations, instructions, or directions issued thereunder shall to the 
extent thereof be a full acquittance and discharge for all purposes of 
the obligation of the person making the same. No person shall be held 
liable in any court for or with respect to anything done or omitted in 
good faith in connection with the administration of, or pursuant to and 
in reliance on, such orders, regulations, instructions, or directions.
    1-106. The Attorney General shall seek to intervene in any 
litigation within the United States which arises out of this Order and 
shall, among other things, defend the legality of, and all actions taken 
pursuant to, each of its provisions.
    1-107. The Secretary of the Treasury is delegated and authorized to 
exercise all functions vested in the President by the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to carry out the 
purposes of this Order.
    1-108. This Order shall be effective immediately.
                                                           Jimmy Carter.

 Ex. Ord. No. 12279. Release of American Hostages in Iran--Direction To 
        Transfer Iranian Government Assets Held by Domestic Banks

    Ex. Ord. No. 12279, Jan. 19, 1981, 46 F.R. 7919, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
statutes of the United States, including Section 203 of the 
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702), Section 
301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, Section 1732 of Title 22 of 
the United States Code, and Section 301 of the National Emergencies Act 
(50 U.S.C. 1631), in view of the continuing unusual and extraordinary 
threat to the national security, foreign policy and economy of the 
United States upon which I based my declarations of national emergency 
in Executive Order 12170 [set out above], issued November 14, 1979, and 
in Executive Order 12211 [set out above], issued April 17, 1980, in 
order to implement agreements with the Government of Iran, as reflected 
in Declarations of the Government of the Democratic and Popular Republic 
of Algeria dated January 19, 1981, relating to the release of U.S. 
diplomats and nationals being held as hostages and to the resolution of 
claims of United States nationals against Iran, and to begin the process 
of normalization of relations between the United States and Iran and in 
which Iran and the United States instruct and require that the assets 
described in this Order shall be transferred as set forth below by the 
holders of such assets, it is hereby ordered that as of the effective 
date of this Order:
    1-101. Any branch or office of a banking institution subject to the 
jurisdiction of the United States, which branch or office is located 
within the United States and is, on the effective date, either (a) in 
possession of funds or securities legally or beneficially owned by the 
Government of Iran or its agencies, instrumentalities, or controlled 
entities, or (b) carrying on its books deposits standing to the credit 
of or beneficially owned by such Government, agencies, 
instrumentalities, or controlled entities is licensed, authorized, 
directed and compelled to transfer such funds, securities, and deposits, 
including interest from November 14, 1979, at commercially reasonable 
rates, to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, to be held or 
transferred as directed by the Secretary of the Treasury.
    1-102. (a) All licenses and authorizations for acquiring or 
exercising any right, power, or privilege, by court order, attachment, 
or otherwise, including the license contained in Section 535.504 of the 
Iranian Assets Control Regulations, with respect to the properties 
described in Section 1-101 of this Order are revoked and withdrawn.
    (b) All rights, powers, and privileges relating to the properties 
described in section 1-101 of this Order and which derive from any 
attachment, injunction, other like proceedings or process, or other 
action in any litigation after November 14, 1979, at 8:10 a.m. EST, 
including those derived from Section 535.504 of the Iranian Assets 
Control Regulations, other than rights, powers, and privileges of the 
Government of Iran and its agencies, instrumentalities, and controlled 
entities, whether acquired by court order or otherwise, are nullified, 
and all persons claiming any such right, power, or privilege are 
hereafter barred from exercising the same.
    (c) All persons subject to the jurisdiction of the United States are 
prohibited from acquiring or exercising any right, power, or privilege 
whether by court order or otherwise, with respect to the properties (and 
any income earned thereon) referred to in Section 1-101 of this Order.
    1-103. Compliance with this Order, any other Executive Order 
licensing, authorizing, directing or compelling the transfer of the 
assets described in section 1-101 of this Order, or any regulations, 
instructions, or directions issued thereunder shall to the extent 
thereof be a full acquittance and discharge for all purposes of the 
obligation of the person making the same. No person shall be held liable 
in any court for or with respect to anything done or omitted in good 
faith in connection with the administration of, or pursuant to and in 
reliance on, such orders, regulations, instructions, or directions.
    1-104. The Attorney General shall seek to intervene in any 
litigation within the United States which arises out of this Order and 
shall, among other things, defend the legality of, and all actions taken 
pursuant to, each of its provisions.
    1-105. The Secretary of the Treasury is delegated and authorized to 
exercise all functions vested in the President by the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to carry out the 
purposes of this Order.
    1-106. This Order shall be effective immediately.
                                                           Jimmy Carter.

 Ex. Ord. No. 12280. Release of American Hostages in Iran--Direction To 
    Transfer Iranian Government Financial Assets Held by Non-Banking 
                              Institutions

    Ex. Ord. No. 12280, Jan. 19, 1981, 46 F.R. 7921, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
statutes of the United States, including Section 203 of the 
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702), Section 
301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, Section 1732 of Title 22 of 
the United States Code, and Section 301 of the National Emergencies Act 
(50 U.S.C. 1631), in view of the continuing unusual and extraordinary 
threat to the national security, foreign policy and economy of the 
United States upon which I based my declarations of national emergency 
in Executive Order 12170 [set out above], issued November 14, 1979, and 
in Executive Order 12211 [set out above], issued April 17, 1980, in 
order to implement agreements with the Government of Iran, as reflected 
in Declarations of the Government of the Democratic and Popular Republic 
of Algeria dated January 19, 1981, relating to the release of U.S. 
diplomats and nationals being held as hostages and to the resolution of 
claims of United States nationals against Iran, and to begin the process 
of normalization of relations between the United States and Iran and in 
which Iran and the United States instruct and require that the assets 
described in this Order shall be transferred as set forth below by the 
holders of such assets, it is hereby ordered that as of the effective 
date of this Order:
    1-101. Any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States 
which is not a banking institution and is on the effective date in 
possession or control of funds or securities of Iran or its agencies, 
instrumentalities, or controlled entities is licensed, authorized, 
directed and compelled to transfer such funds or securities to the 
Federal Reserve Bank of New York to be held or transferred as directed 
by the Secretary of the Treasury.
    1-102. (a) All licenses and authorizations for acquiring or 
exercising any right, power, or privilege, by court order, attachment, 
or otherwise, including the license contained in Section 535.504 of the 
Iranian Assets Control Regulations, with respect to the properties 
described in Section 1-101 of this Order are revoked and withdrawn.
    (b) All rights, powers, and privileges relating to the properties 
described in section 1-101 of this Order and which derive from any 
attachment, injunction, other like proceedings or process, or other 
action in any litigation after November 14, 1979, at 8:10 a.m. EST, 
including those derived from Section 535.504 of the Iranian Assets 
Control Regulations, other than rights, powers, and privileges of the 
Government of Iran and its agencies, instrumentalities, and controlled 
entities, whether acquired by court order or otherwise, are nullified, 
and all persons claiming any such right, power, or privilege are 
hereafter barred from exercising the same.
    (c) All persons subject to the jurisdiction of the United States are 
prohibited from acquiring or exercising any right, power, or privilege, 
whether by court order or otherwise, with respect to the properties (and 
any income earned thereon) referred to in Section 1-101 of this Order.
    1-103. Compliance with this Executive Order, any other Executive 
Order licensing, authorizing, directing or compelling the transfer of 
the assets described in paragraph 1-101 of this Order, or any 
regulations, instructions, or directions issued thereunder shall to the 
extent thereof be a full acquittance and discharge for all purposes of 
the obligation of the person making the same. No person shall be held 
liable in any court for or with respect to anything done or omitted in 
good faith in connection with the administration of, or pursuant to and 
in reliance on, such orders, regulations, instructions, or directions.
    1-104. The Attorney General shall seek to intervene in any 
litigation within the United States which arises out of this Order and 
shall, among other things, defend the legality of and all actions taken 
pursuant to, each of its provisions.
    1-105. The Secretary of the Treasury is delegated and authorized to 
exercise all functions vested in the President by the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to carry out the 
purposes of this Order.
    1-106. This Order shall be effective immediately.
                                                           Jimmy Carter.

 Ex. Ord. No. 12281. Release of American Hostages in Iran--Direction To 
               Transfer Certain Iranian Government Assets

    Ex. Ord. No. 12281, Jan. 19, 1981, 46 F.R. 7923, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
statutes of the United States, including Section 203 of the 
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702), Section 
301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, Section 1732 of Title 22 of 
the United States Code, and Section 301 of the National Emergencies Act 
(50 U.S.C. 1631), in view of the continuing unusual and extraordinary 
threat to the national security, foreign policy and economy of the 
United States upon which I based my declarations of national emergency 
in Executive Order 12170 [set out above], issued November 14, 1979, and 
in Executive Order 12211 [set out above], issued April 17, 1980, in 
order to implement agreements with the Government of Iran, as reflected 
in Declarations of the Government of the Democratic and Popular Republic 
of Algeria dated January 19, 1981, relating to the release of U.S. 
diplomats and nationals being held as hostages and to the resolution of 
claims of United States nationals against Iran, and to begin the process 
of normalization of relations between the United States and Iran and in 
which Iran and the United States instruct and require that the assets 
described in this Order shall be transferred as set forth below by the 
holders of such assets, it is hereby ordered that as of the effective 
date of this Order:
    1-101. All persons subject to the jurisdiction of the United States 
in possession or control of properties, not including funds and 
securities, owned by Iran or its agencies, instrumentalities, or 
controlled entities are licensed, authorized, directed and compelled to 
transfer such properties, as directed after the effective date of this 
Order by the Government of Iran, acting through its authorized agent. 
Except where specifically stated, this license, authorization, and 
direction does not relieve persons subject to the jurisdiction of the 
United States from existing legal requirements other than those based 
upon the International Emergency Economic Powers Act [this chapter].
    1-102. (a) All licenses and authorizations for acquiring or 
exercising any right, power, or privilege, by court order, attachment, 
or otherwise, including the license contained in Section 535.504 of the 
Iranian Assets Control Regulations, with respect to the properties 
described in Section 1-101 of this Order are revoked and withdrawn.
    (b) All rights, powers, and privileges relating to the properties 
described in section 1-101 of this Order and which derive from any 
attachment, injunction, other like proceedings or process, or other 
action in any litigation after November 14, 1979, at 8:10 a.m. EST, 
including those derived from Section 535.504 of the Iranian Assets 
Control Regulations, other than rights, powers, and privileges of the 
Government of Iran and its agencies, instrumentalities, and controlled 
entities, whether acquired by court order or otherwise, are nullified, 
and all persons claiming any such right, power, or privilege are 
hereafter barred from exercising the same.
    (c) All persons subject to the jurisdiction of the United States are 
prohibited from acquiring or exercising any right, power, or privilege, 
whether by court order or otherwise, with respect to the properties (and 
any income earned thereon) referred to in Section 1-101 of this Order.
    1-103. Compliance with this Executive Order, any other Executive 
Order licensing, authorizing, directing or compelling the transfer of 
the assets described in paragraph 1-101 of this Order, or any 
regulations, instructions, or directions issued thereunder shall to the 
extent thereof be a full acquittance and discharge for all purposes of 
the obligation of the person making the same. No person shall be held 
liable in any court for or with respect to anything done or omitted in 
good faith in connection with the administration of, or pursuant to and 
in reliance on, such orders, regulations, instructions, or directions.
    1-104. The Attorney General shall seek to intervene in any 
litigation within the United States which arises out of this Order and 
shall, among other things, defend the legality of, and all actions taken 
pursuant to, each of its provisions.
    1-105. The Secretary of the Treasury is delegated and authorized to 
exercise all functions vested in the President by the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to carry out the 
purposes of this Order.
    1-106. This Order shall be effective immediately.
                                                           Jimmy Carter.

Ex. Ord. No. 12282. Release of American Hostages in Iran--Revocation of 
            Prohibitions Against Transactions Involving Iran

    Ex. Ord. No. 12282, Jan. 19, 1981, 46 F.R. 7925, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
statutes of the United States, including Section 203 of the 
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702), Section 
301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, Section 1732 of Title 22 of 
the United States Code, and Section 301 of the National Emergencies Act 
(50 U.S.C. 1631), in view of the continuing unusual and extraordinary 
threat to the national security, foreign policy and economy of the 
United States upon which I based my declarations of national emergency 
in Executive Order 12170 [set out above], issued November 14, 1979, and 
in Executive Order 12211 [set out above], issued April 17, 1980, in 
order to implement agreements with the Government of Iran, as reflected 
in Declarations of the Government of the Democratic and Popular Republic 
of Algeria dated January 19, 1981, relating to the release of U.S. 
diplomats and nationals being held as hostage and to the resolution of 
claims of United States nationals against Iran, and to begin the process 
of normalization of relations between the United States and Iran, it is 
hereby ordered that as of the effective date of this Order:
    1-101. The prohibitions contained in Executive Order 12205 of April 
7, 1980 [set out above], and Executive Order 12211 of April 17, 1980 
[set out above], and Proclamation 4702 of November 12, 1979 [amending 
Proc. No. 3279, set out under section 1862 of Title 19, Customs Duties], 
are hereby revoked.
    1-102. The Secretary of the Treasury is delegated and authorized to 
exercise all functions vested in the President by the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to carry out the 
purpose of this Order.
    1-103. This Order shall be effective immediately.
                                                           Jimmy Carter.

     Ex. Ord. No. 12283. Release of American Hostages in Iran--Non-
 Prosecution of Claims of Hostages and for Actions at the United States 
                          Embassy and Elsewhere

    Ex. Ord. No. 12283, Jan. 19, 1981, 46 F.R. 7927, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
statutes of the United States, including Section 203 of the 
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702), Section 
301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, Section 1732 of Title 22 of 
the United States Code, and Section 301 of the National Emergencies Act 
(50 U.S.C. 1631), in view of the continuing unusual and extraordinary 
threat to the national security, foreign policy and economy of the 
United States upon which I based my declarations of national emergency 
in Executive Order 12170 [set out above], issued November 14, 1979, and 
in Executive Order 12211 [set out above], issued April 17, 1980, in 
order to implement agreements with the Government of Iran, as reflected 
in Declarations of the Government of the Democratic and Popular Republic 
of Algeria dated January 19, 1981, relating to the release of U.S. 
diplomats and nationals being held as hostages and to the resolution of 
claims of United States nationals against Iran, and to begin the process 
of normalization of relations between the United States and Iran, it is 
hereby ordered that as of the effective date of this Order:
    1-101. The Secretary of the Treasury shall promulgate regulations: 
(a) prohibiting any person subject to U.S. jurisdiction from prosecuting 
in any court within the United States or elsewhere any claim against the 
Government of Iran arising out of events occurring before the date of 
this Order relating to (1) the seizure of the hostages on November 4, 
1979, (2) their subsequent detention, (3) injury to United States 
property or property of United States nationals within the United States 
Embassy compound in Tehran after November 3, 1979, or (4) injury to 
United States nationals or their property as a result of popular 
movements in the course of the Islamic Revolution in Iran which were not 
an act of the Government of Iran; (b) prohibiting any person not a U.S. 
national from prosecuting any such claim in any court within the United 
States; (c) ordering the termination of any previously instituted 
judicial proceedings based upon such claims; and (d) prohibiting the 
enforcement of any judicial order issued in the course of such 
proceedings.
    1-102. The Attorney General of the United States is authorized and 
directed, immediately upon the issuance of regulations in accordance 
with Section 1-101, to take all appropriate measures to notify all 
appropriate courts of the existence of this Order and implementing 
regulations and the resulting termination of litigation.
    1-103. The Secretary of the Treasury is delegated and authorized to 
exercise all functions vested in the President by the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to carry out the 
purpose of this Order.
    1-104. This Order shall be effective immediately.
                                                           Jimmy Carter.

 Ex. Ord. No. 12284. Release of American Hostages in Iran--Restrictions 
             on Transfer of Property of Former Shah of Iran

    Ex. Ord. No. 12284, Jan. 19, 1981, 46 F.R. 7929, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
statutes of the United States, including Section 203 of the 
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702), Section 
301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, Section 1732 of Title 22 of 
the United States Code, and Section 301 of the National Emergencies Act 
(50 U.S.C. 1631), in view of the continuing unusual and extraordinary 
threat to the national security, foreign policy and economy of the 
United States upon which I based my declarations of national emergency 
in Executive Order 12170 [set out above], issued November 14, 1979, and 
in Executive Order 12211 [set out above], issued April 17, 1980, in 
order to implement agreements with the Government of Iran, as reflected 
in Declarations of the Government of the Democratic and Popular Republic 
of Algeria dated January 19, 1981, relating to the release of U.S. 
diplomats and nationals being held as hostages and to the resolution of 
claims of United States nationals against Iran, and to begin the process 
of normalization of relations between the United States and Iran, it is 
hereby ordered that as of the effective date of this Order:
    1-101. For the purpose of protecting the rights of litigants in 
courts within the United States, all property and assets located in the 
United States within the control of the estate of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, 
the former Shah of Iran, or any close relative of the former Shah served 
as a defendant in litigation in such courts brought by Iran seeking the 
return of property alleged to belong to Iran, is hereby blocked as to 
each such estate or person until all such litigation against such estate 
or person is finally terminated.
    1-102. The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized and directed (a) 
to promulgate regulations requiring all persons who are subject to the 
jurisdiction of the United States and who, as of November 3, 1979, or as 
of this date, have actual or constructive possession of property of the 
kind described in Section 1-101, or knowledge of such possession by 
others, to report such possession or knowledge thereof, to the Secretary 
of the Treasury in accordance with such regulations and (b) to make 
available to the Government of Iran or its designated agents all 
identifying information derived from such reports to the fullest extent 
permitted by law. Such reports shall be required as to all individuals 
described in 1-101 and shall be required to be filed within 30 days 
after publication of a notice in the Federal Register.
    1-103. The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized and directed (a) 
to require all agencies within the Executive Branch of the United States 
Government to deliver to the Secretary all official financial books and 
records which serve to identify any property of the kind described in 
Section 1-101 of this Order, and (b) to make available to the Government 
of Iran or its designated agents all identifying information derived 
from such books and records to the fullest extent permitted by law.
    1-104. The Attorney General of the United States having advised the 
President of his opinion that no claim on behalf of the Government of 
Iran for recovery of property of the kind described in Section 1-101 of 
this Order should be considered legally barred either by sovereign 
immunity principles or by the act of state doctrine, the Attorney 
General is authorized and directed to prepare, and upon the request of 
counsel representing the Government of Iran to present to the 
appropriate court or courts within the United States, suggestions of 
interest reflecting that such is the position of the United States, and 
that it is also the position of the United States that Iranian decrees 
and judgments relating to the assets of the former Shah and the persons 
described in Section 1-101 should be enforced by such courts in 
accordance with United States law.
    1-105. The Secretary of the Treasury is delegated and authorized to 
exercise all functions vested in the President by the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to carry out the 
purposes of this Order.
    1-106. This Order shall be effective immediately.
                                                           Jimmy Carter.

                        Executive Order No. 12285

    Ex. Ord. No. 12285, Jan. 19, 1981, 46 F.R. 7931, as amended by Ex. 
Ord. No. 12307, June 4, 1981, 46 F.R. 30483; Ex. Ord. No. 12317, Aug. 
14, 1981, 46 F.R. 42241, which established the President's Commission on 
Hostage Compensation and provided for its membership, functions, etc., 
was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12379, Sec. 21, Aug. 17, 1982, 47 F.R. 
36100, set out as a note under section 14 of the Federal Advisory 
Committee Act in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and 
Employees.

        Ex. Ord. No. 12294. Suspension of Litigation Against Iran

    Ex. Ord. No. 12294, Feb. 24, 1981, 46 F.R. 14111, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
statutes of the United States, including Section 203 of the 
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702), Section 
301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, Section 1732 of Title 22 of 
the United States Code, and Section 301 of the National Emergencies Act 
(50 U.S.C. 1631), in view of the continuing unusual and extraordinary 
threat to the national security, foreign policy and economy of the 
United States upon which were based the declarations of national 
emergency in Executive Order No. 12170, issued November 14, 1979 [set 
out above], and in Executive Order No. 12211, issued April 17, 1980 [set 
out above], in light of the agreement with the Government of Iran, as 
reflected in the Declarations of the Government of the Democratic and 
Popular Republic of Algeria dated January 19, 1981, relating to the 
release of United States diplomats and nationals being held as hostages 
and to the resolution of claims of United States nationals against Iran, 
in order to implement Article II of the Declaration of Algeria 
concerning the settlement of claims and to begin the process of 
normalization of relations between the United States and Iran, it is 
hereby ordered that as of the effective date of this Order:
    Section 1. All claims which may be presented to the Iran-United 
States Claims Tribunal under the terms of Article II of the Declaration 
of the Government of the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria 
Concerning the Settlement of Claims by the Government of the United 
States of America and the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 
and all claims for equitable or other judicial relief in connection with 
such claims, are hereby suspended, except as they may be presented to 
the Tribunal. During the period of this suspension, all such claims 
shall have no legal effect in any action now pending in any court of the 
United States, including the courts of any state or any locality 
thereof, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, or in any action 
commenced in any such court after the effective date of this Order. 
Nothing in this action precludes the commencement of an action after the 
effective date of this Order for the purpose of tolling the period of 
limitations for commencement of such action.
    Sec. 2. Nothing in this Order shall require dismissal of any action 
for want of prosecution.
    Sec. 3. Suspension under this Order of a claim or a portion thereof 
submitted to the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal for adjudication 
shall terminate upon a determination by the Tribunal that it does not 
have jurisdiction over such claim or such portion thereof.
    Sec. 4. A determination by the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal on 
the merits that a claimant is not entitled to recover on a claim shall 
operate as a final resolution and discharge of the claim for all 
purposes. A determination by the Tribunal that a claimant shall have 
recovery on a claim in a specified amount shall operate as a final 
resolution and discharge of the claim for all purposes upon payment to 
the claimant of the full amount of the award, including any interest 
awarded by the Tribunal.
    Sec. 5. Nothing in this Order shall apply to any claim concerning 
the validity or payment of a standby letter of credit, performance or 
payment bond or other similar instrument.
    Sec. 6. Nothing in this Order shall prohibit the assertion of a 
counterclaim or set-off by a United States national in any judicial 
proceeding pending or hereafter commenced by the Government of Iran, any 
political subdivision of Iran, or any agency, instrumentality, or entity 
controlled by the Government of Iran or any political subdivision 
thereof.
    Sec. 7. The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to employ all 
powers granted to me by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act 
[this chapter] and by 22 U.S.C. Sec. 1732 to carry out the purposes of 
this Order.
    Sec. 8. Executive Order Nos. 12276 through 12285 of January 19, 1981 
[set out above], are ratified.
    This Order shall be effective immediately and copies shall be 
transmitted to the Congress.
                                                          Ronald Reagan.

                        Executive Order No. 12444

    Ex. Ord. No. 12444, Oct. 14, 1983, 48 F.R. 48215, which continued 
effectiveness of the Export Administration Act of 1979, 50 App. U.S.C. 
2401 et seq., and of orders, rules and regulations promulgated 
thereunder, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12451, Dec. 20, 1983, 48 F.R. 
56563, set out below.

     Ex. Ord. No. 12451. Continuation of Export Control Regulations

    Ex. Ord. No. 12451, Dec. 20, 1983, 48 F.R. 56563, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
laws of the United States of America, including section 203 of the 
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702) 
(hereinafter referred to as ``IEEPA''), 22 U.S.C. 287c, and the Export 
Administration Act of 1979, as amended (50 U.S.C. App. 2401 et seq.) 
(hereinafter referred to as ``the Act), it is hereby ordered as follows:
    Section 1. In view of the extension by Public Law 98-207 (December 
5, 1983) [amending 50 App. U.S.C. 2419], of the authorities contained in 
the Act, Executive Order No. 12444 of October 14, 1983, which continued 
in effect export control regulations under IEEPA, is revoked, and the 
declaration of economic emergency is rescinded.
    Sec. 2. The revocation of Executive Order No. 12444 shall not affect 
any violation of any rules, regulations, orders, licenses and other 
forms of administrative action under that Order which occurred during 
the period that Order was in effect. All rules and regulations issued or 
continued in effect under the authority of the IEEPA and that Order, 
including those published in Title 15, Chapter III, Subchapter C, of the 
Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 368 to 399 inclusive, and all orders, 
regulations, licenses and other forms of administrative action issued, 
taken or continued in effect pursuant thereto, shall remain in full 
force and effect, as if issued, taken or continued in effect pursuant to 
the Act until amended or revoked by the proper authority. Nothing in 
this Order shall affect the continued applicability of the provision for 
the administration of the Act and delegations of authority set forth in 
Executive Order No. 12002 of July 7, 1977 and Executive Order No. 12214 
of May 2, 1980 [50 App. U.S.C. 2403 note].
    Sec. 3. All orders, licenses, and other forms of administrative 
action issued, taken or continued in effect pursuant to the authority of 
the IEEPA and Executive Order No. 12444 relating to the administration 
of section 38(e) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778(e)) 
shall remain in full force and effect until amended or revoked under 
proper authority.
    Sec. 4. This Order shall take effect immediately.
                                                          Ronald Reagan.

                        Executive Order No. 12470

    Ex. Ord. No. 12470, Mar. 30, 1984, 49 F.R. 13099, which continued 
effectiveness of the Export Administration Act of 1979, 50 App. U.S.C. 
2401 et seq., and of the orders, rules and regulations promulgated 
thereunder, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12525, July 12, 1985, 50 F.R. 
28757, set out below.
    Continuation of emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 12470 was 
contained in Notice of the President of the United States, dated Mar. 
28, 1985, 50 F.R. 12513.

                        Executive Order No. 12513

    Ex. Ord. No. 12513, May 1, 1985, 50 F.R. 18629, which prohibited 
trade and certain other transactions involving Nicaragua, was revoked by 
Ex. Ord. No. 12707, Mar. 13, 1990, 55 F.R. 9707, set out below.
    Continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 12513 
were contained in the following:
    Notice of the President of the United States, dated Apr. 21, 1989, 
54 F.R. 17701.
    Notice of the President of the United States, dated Apr. 25, 1988, 
53 F.R. 15011.
    Notice of the President of the United States, dated Apr. 21, 1987, 
52 F.R. 13425.
    Notice of the President of the United States, dated Apr. 22, 1986, 
51 F.R. 15461.

   Ex. Ord. No. 12525. Termination of Emergency Authority for Export 
                                Controls

    Ex. Ord. No. 12525, July 12, 1985, 50 F.R. 28757, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
laws of the United States of America, including section 203 of the 
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702) 
(hereinafter referred to as ``IEEPA''), 22 U.S.C. 287c, and the Export 
Administration Act of 1979, as amended (50 U.S.C. App. 2401 et seq.) 
(hereinafter referred to as ``the Act''), it is hereby ordered as 
follows:
    Section 1. In view of the extension by Public Law 99-64 (July 12, 
1985) [amending 50 App. U.S.C. 2419] of the authorities contained in the 
Act, Executive Order No. 12470 of March 30, 1984, which continued in 
effect export control regulations under IEEPA, is revoked, and the 
declaration of economic emergency is rescinded.
    Sec. 2. The revocation of Executive Order No. 12470 shall not affect 
any violation of any rules, regulations, orders, licenses, and other 
forms of administrative action under that Order that occurred during the 
period that Order was in effect. All rules and regulations issued or 
continued in effect under the authority of the IEEPA and that Order, 
including those published in Title 15, Chapter III, Subchapter C, of the 
Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 368 to 399 inclusive, and all orders, 
regulations, licenses, and other forms of administrative action issued, 
taken or continued in effect pursuant thereto, shall remain in full 
force and effect, as if issued, taken or continued in effect pursuant to 
and as authorized by the Act or by other appropriate authority until 
amended or revoked by the proper authority. Nothing in this Order shall 
affect the continued applicability of the provision for the 
administration of the Act and delegations of authority set forth in 
Executive Order No. 12002 of July 7, 1977, and Executive Order No. 12214 
of May 2, 1980 [set out under 50 App. U.S.C. 2403].
    Sec. 3. All rules, regulations, orders, licenses, and other forms of 
administrative action issued, taken or continued in effect pursuant to 
the authority of the IEEPA and Executive Order No. 12470 relating to the 
administration of Section 38(e) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 
U.S.C. 2778(e)) shall remain in full force and effect until amended or 
revoked under proper authority.
    Sec. 4. This Order shall take effect immediately.
                                                          Ronald Reagan.

                        Executive Order No. 12532

    Ex. Ord. No. 12532, Sept. 9, 1985, 50 F.R. 36861, which prohibited 
trade and certain other transactions involving South Africa, was revoked 
by Ex. Ord. No. 12769, Sec. 4, July 10, 1991, 56 F.R. 31855, set out as 
a note under section 5061 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and 
Intercourse.
    Continuation of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 12532 
was contained in Notice of the President of the United States, dated 
Sept. 4, 1986, 51 F.R. 31925.

                        Executive Order No. 12535

    Ex. Ord. No. 12535, Oct. 1, 1985, 50 F.R. 40325, which prohibited 
importation into United States of South African Krugerrands, was revoked 
by Ex. Ord. No. 12769, Sec. 4, July 10, 1991, 56 F.R. 31855, set out as 
a note under section 5061 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and 
Intercourse.

Ex. Ord. No. 12543. Prohibiting Trade and Certain Transactions Involving 
                                  Libya

    Ex. Ord. No. 12543, Jan. 7, 1986, 51 F.R. 875, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
laws of the United States of America, including the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), the National 
Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), sections 504 and 505 of the 
International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 (Public 
Law 99-83) [22 U.S.C. 2349aa-8, 2349aa-9], section 1114 of the Federal 
Aviation Act of 1958, as amended (49 U.S.C. 1514) [now 49 U.S.C. 
40106(b)], and section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code.
    I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, find 
that the policies and actions of the Government of Libya constitute an 
unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign 
policy of the United States and hereby declare a national emergency to 
deal with that threat.
    I hereby order:
    Section 1. The following are prohibited, except to the extent 
provided in regulations which may hereafter be issued pursuant to this 
Order:
    (a) The import into the United States of any goods or services of 
Libyan origin, other than publications and materials imported for news 
publications or news broadcast dissemination;
    (b) The export to Libya of any goods, technology (including 
technical data or other information) or services from the United States, 
except publications and donations of articles intended to relieve human 
suffering, such as food, clothing, medicine and medical supplies 
intended strictly for medical purposes;
    (c) Any transaction by a United States person relating to 
transportation to or from Libya; the provision of transportation to or 
from the United States by any Libyan person or any vessel or aircraft of 
Libyan registration; or the sale in the United States by any person 
holding authority under the Federal Aviation Act [of 1958, now 49 U.S.C. 
40101 et seq.] of any transportation by air which includes any stop in 
Libya;
    (d) The purchase by any United States person of goods for export 
from Libya to any country;
    (e) The performance by any United States person of any contract in 
support of an industrial or other commercial or governmental project in 
Libya;
    (f) The grant or extension of credits or loans by any United States 
person to the Government of Libya, its instrumentalities and controlled 
entities;
    (g) Any transaction by a United States person relating to travel by 
any United States citizen or permanent resident alien to Libya, or to 
activities by any such person within Libya, after the date of this 
Order, other than transactions necessary to effect such person's 
departure from Libya, to perform acts permitted until February 1, 1986, 
by Section 3 of this Order, or travel for journalistic activity by 
persons regularly employed in such capacity by a newsgathering 
organization; and
    (h) Any transaction by any United States person which evades or 
avoids, or has the purpose of evading or avoiding, any of the 
prohibitions set forth in this Order.
    For purposes of this Order, the term ``United States person'' means 
any United States citizen, permanent resident alien, juridical person 
organized under the laws of the United States or any person in the 
United States.
    Sec. 2. In light of the prohibition in Section 1(a) of this Order, 
section 251 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended (19 U.S.C. 
1881), and section 126 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (19 U.S.C. 
2136) will have no effect with respect to Libya.
    Sec. 3. This Order is effective immediately, except that the 
prohibitions set forth in Section 1(a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) shall 
apply as of 12:01 a.m. Eastern Standard Time, February 1, 1986.
    Sec. 4. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the 
Secretary of State, is hereby authorized to take such actions, including 
the promulgation of rules and regulations, as may be necessary to carry 
out the purposes of this Order. Such actions may include prohibiting or 
regulating payments or transfers of any property or any transactions 
involving the transfer of anything of economic value by any United 
States person to the Government of Libya, its instrumentalities and 
controlled entities, or to any Libyan national or entity owned or 
controlled, directly or indirectly, by Libya or Libyan nationals. The 
Secretary may redelegate any of these functions to other officers and 
agencies of the Federal government. All agencies of the United States 
government are directed to take all appropriate measures within their 
authority to carry out the provisions of this Order, including the 
suspension or termination of licenses or other authorizations in effect 
as of the date of this Order.
    This Order shall be transmitted to the Congress and published in the 
Federal Register.
                                                          Ronald Reagan.

    Continuation of National Emergency Declared by Ex. Ord. No. 12543

    Notice of President of the United States, dated Dec. 29, 1999, 65 
F.R. 1999, provided:
    On January 7, 1986, by Executive Order 12543 [set out above], former 
President Reagan declared a national emergency to deal with the unusual 
and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of 
the United States constituted by the actions and policies of the 
Government of Libya. On January 8, 1986, by Executive Order 12544 [set 
out below], the President took additional measures to block Libyan 
assets in the United States. The President has transmitted a notice 
continuing this emergency to the Congress and the Federal Register every 
year since 1986.
    The crisis between the United States and Libya that led to the 
declaration of a national emergency on January 7, 1986, has not been 
resolved. Despite the United Nations Security Council's suspension of 
U.N. sanctions against Libya upon the Libyan government's hand over of 
the Pan Am 103 bombing suspects, there are still concerns about the 
Libyan government's support for terrorist activities and its 
noncompliance with United Nations Security Council Resolutions 731 
(1992), 748 (1992), and 88 (1993).
    Therefore, in accordance with section 202(d) of the National 
Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)), I am continuing the national 
emergency with respect to Libya. This notice shall be published in the 
Federal Register and transmitted to the Congress.
                                                     William J. Clinton.

    Prior continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 
12543 were contained in the following:
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Dec. 30, 1998, 64 
F.R. 383.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 2, 1998, 63 
F.R. 653.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 2, 1997, 62 
F.R. 587.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 3, 1996, 61 
F.R. 383.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Dec. 22, 1994, 59 
F.R. 67119.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Dec. 2, 1993, 58 
F.R. 64361.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Dec. 14, 1992, 57 
F.R. 59895.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Dec. 26, 1991, 56 
F.R. 67465.
    Notice of the President of the United States, dated Jan. 2, 1991, 56 
F.R. 477.
    Notice of the President of the United States, dated Jan. 4, 1990, 55 
F.R. 589.
    Notice of the President of the United States, dated Dec. 28, 1988, 
53 F.R. 52971.
    Notice of the President of the United States, dated Dec. 15, 1987, 
52 F.R. 47891.
    Notice of the President of the United States, dated Dec. 23, 1986, 
51 F.R. 46849.

 Ex. Ord. No. 12544. Blocking Libyan Government Property in the United 
                     States or Held by U.S. Persons

    Ex. Ord. No. 12544, Jan. 8, 1986, 51 F.R. 1235, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
laws of the United States, including the International Emergency 
Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), the National Emergencies 
Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) and section 301 of title 3 of the United 
States Code, in order to take steps with respect to Libya additional to 
those set forth in Executive Order No. 12543 of January 7, 1986 [set out 
above], to deal with the threat to the national security and foreign 
policy of the United States referred to in that Order,
    I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States, hereby order 
blocked all property and interests in property of the Government of 
Libya, its agencies, instrumentalities and controlled entities and the 
Central Bank of Libya that are in the United States, that hereafter come 
within the United States or that are or hereafter come within the 
possession or control of U.S. persons, including overseas branches of 
U.S. persons.
    The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of 
State, is authorized to employ all powers granted to me by the 
International Emergency Economics [sic] Power[s] Act, 50 U.S.C. 1701 et 
seq., to carry out the provisions of this Order.
    This Order is effective immediately and shall be transmitted to the 
Congress and published in the Federal Register.
                                                          Ronald Reagan.

                        Executive Order No. 12613

    Ex. Ord. No. 12613, Oct. 29, 1987, 52 F.R. 41940, which prohibited 
imports from Iran, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13059, Sec. 7, Aug. 19, 
1997, 62 F.R. 44533, set out below.

                        Executive Order No. 12635

    Ex. Ord. No. 12635, Apr. 8, 1988, 53 F.R. 12134, which blocked 
property and interests in property of the Government of Panama that were 
in the United States, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12710, Apr. 5, 1990, 
55 F.R. 13099, set out below.
    Continuation of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 12635 
was contained in Notice of the President of the United States, dated 
Apr. 6, 1989, 54 F.R. 14197.

 Ex. Ord. No. 12707. Termination of Emergency With Respect to Nicaragua

    Ex. Ord. No. 12707, Mar. 13, 1990, 55 F.R. 9707, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
laws of the United States of America, including the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), the National 
Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), chapter 12 of title 50 of the 
United States Code (50 U.S.C. 191 et seq.), and section 301 of title 3 
of the United States Code.
    I, GEORGE BUSH, President of the United States of America, find that 
the February 25, 1990, democratic election in Nicaragua has ended the 
unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign 
policy of the United States previously posed by the policies and actions 
of the Sandinista government in that country, and the need to continue 
the national emergency declared in Executive Order No. 12513 of May 1, 
1985, to deal with that threat.
    I hereby revoke Executive Order No. 12513 and terminate the national 
emergency declared in that order with respect to Nicaragua.
    Pursuant to section 202 of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 
1622), termination of the national emergency with respect to Nicaragua 
shall not affect any action taken or proceeding pending and not finally 
concluded or determined at the effective date of this order, or any 
action or proceeding based on any act committed prior to the effective 
date of this order, or any rights or duties that matured or penalties 
that were incurred prior to the effective date of this order.
    This order shall take effect immediately.
                                                            George Bush.

   Ex. Ord. No. 12710. Termination of Emergency With Respect to Panama

    Ex. Ord. No. 12710, Apr. 5, 1990, 55 F.R. 13099, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
laws of the United States of America, including the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (hereinafter 
referred to as ``IEEPA''), the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 
et seq.) (hereinafter referred to as ``the NEA''), chapter 12 of title 
50 of the United States Code (50 U.S.C. 191 et seq.), and section 301 of 
title 3 of the United States Code.
    I, GEORGE BUSH, President of the United States of America, find that 
the restoration of a democratically elected government in Panama has 
ended the unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, 
foreign policy, and economy of the United States previously posed by the 
policies and actions of Manuel Antonio Noriega in that country, and the 
need to continue the national emergency declared in Executive Order No. 
12635 of April 8, 1988, to deal with that threat.
    I hereby revoke Executive Order No. 12635 and terminate the national 
emergency declared in that order with respect to Panama.
    Pursuant to section 202 of the NEA (50 U.S.C. 1622), termination of 
the national emergency with respect to Panama shall not affect any 
action taken or proceeding pending not finally concluded or determined 
as of the effective date of this order, or any action or proceeding 
based on any act committed prior to the effective date of this order, or 
any rights or duties that matured or penalties that were incurred prior 
to the effective date of this order. Pursuant to section 207 (50 U.S.C. 
1706) of IEEPA, I hereby determine that the continuation of prohibitions 
with regard to transactions involving property in which the Government 
of Panama has an interest is necessary on account of claims involving 
Panama.
    This order shall take effect immediately.
                                                            George Bush.

 Ex. Ord. No. 12722. Blocking Iraqi Government Property and Prohibiting 
                         Transactions With Iraq

    Ex. Ord. No. 12722, Aug. 2, 1990, 55 F.R. 31803, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the constitution and 
laws of the United States of America, including the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), the National 
Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), and section 301 of title 3 of 
the United States Code.
    I, GEORGE BUSH, President of the United States of America, find that 
the policies and actions of the Government of Iraq constitute an unusual 
and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of 
the United States and hereby declare a national emergency to deal with 
that threat.
    I hereby order:
    Section 1. All property and interests in property of the Government 
of Iraq, its agencies, instrumentalities and controlled entities and the 
Central Bank of Iraq that are in the United States, that hereafter come 
within the United States or that are or hereafter come within the 
possession or control of United States persons, including their overseas 
branches, are hereby blocked.
    Section 2. The following are prohibited, except to the extent 
provided in regulations which may hereafter be issued pursuant to this 
Order:
    (a) The import into the United States of any goods or services of 
Iraqi origin, other than publications and other informational materials;
    (b) The export to Iraq of any goods, technology (including technical 
data or other information controlled for export pursuant to Section 5 of 
the Export Administration Act (50 U.S.C. App. 2404)) or services from 
the United States, except publications and other informational 
materials, and donations of articles intended to relieve human 
suffering, such as food, clothing, medicine and medical supplies 
intended strictly for medical purposes;
    (c) Any transaction by a United States person relating to 
transportation to or from Iraq; the provision of transportation to or 
from the United States by any Iraqi person or any vessel or aircraft of 
Iraqi registration; or the sale in the United States by any person 
holding authority under the Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as amended 
[now 49 U.S.C. 40101 et seq.] (49 U.S.C. 1514), of any transportation by 
air which includes any stop in Iraq;
    (d) The purchase by any United States person of goods for export 
from Iraq to any country;
    (e) The performance by any United States person of any contract in 
support of an industrial or other commercial or governmental project in 
Iraq;
    (f) The grant or extension of credits or loans by any United States 
person to the Government of Iraq, its instrumentalities and controlled 
entities;
    (g) Any transaction by a United States person relating to travel by 
any United States citizen or permanent resident alien to Iraq, or to 
activities by any such person within Iraq, after the date of this Order, 
other than transactions necessary to effect such person's departure from 
Iraq, or travel for journalistic activity by persons regularly employed 
in such capacity by a newsgathering organization; and
    (h) Any transaction by any United States person which evades or 
avoids, or has the purpose of evading or avoiding, any of the 
prohibitions set forth in this Order.
    For purposes of this Order, the term ``United States person'' means 
any United States citizen, permanent resident alien, juridical person 
organized under the laws of the United States, or any person in the 
United States.
    Section 3. This Order is effective immediately.
    Section 4. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the 
Secretary of State, is hereby authorized to take such actions, including 
the promulgation of rules and regulations, as may be necessary to carry 
out the purposes of this Order. Such actions may include prohibiting or 
regulating payments or transfers of any property or any transactions 
involving the transfer of anything of economic value by any United 
States person to the Government of Iraq, its instrumentalities and 
controlled entities, or to any Iraqi national or entity owned or 
controlled, directly or indirectly, by Iraq or Iraqi nationals. The 
Secretary may redelegate any of these functions to other officers and 
agencies of the Federal government. All agencies of the United States 
government are directed to take all appropriate measures within their 
authority to carry out the provisions of this Order, including the 
suspension or termination of licenses or other authorizations in effect 
as of the date of this Order.
    This Order shall be transmitted to the Congress and published in the 
Federal Register.
                                                            George Bush.

    [Ex. Ord. No. 12722 was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12724, Sec. 6, Aug. 
9, 1990, 55 F.R. 33090, set out below, to the extent inconsistent with 
Ex. Ord. No. 12724.]

    Continuation of National Emergency Declared by Ex. Ord. No. 12722

    Notice of President of the United States, dated July 20, 1999, 64 
F.R. 39897, provided:
    On August 2, 1990, by Executive Order 12722 [set out above], 
President Bush declared a national emergency to deal with the unusual 
and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of 
the United States constituted by the actions and policies of the 
Government of Iraq. By Executive Orders 12722 of August 2, 1990, and 
12724 of August 9, 1990 [set out below], the President imposed trade 
sanctions on Iraq and blocked Iraqi government assets. Because the 
Government of Iraq has continued its activities hostile to United States 
interests in the Middle East, the national emergency declared on August 
2, 1990, and the measures adopted on August 2 and August 9, 1990, to 
deal with that emergency must continue in effect beyond August 2, 1999. 
Therefore, in accordance with section 202(d) of the National Emergencies 
Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)), I am continuing the national emergency with 
respect to Iraq.
    This notice shall be published in the Federal Register and 
transmitted to the Congress.
                                                     William J. Clinton.

    Prior continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 
12722 were contained in the following:
    Notice of President of the United States, dated July 28, 1998, 63 
F.R. 41175.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated July 31, 1997, 62 
F.R. 41803.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated July 22, 1996, 61 
F.R. 38561.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated July 28, 1995, 60 
F.R. 39099.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated July 19, 1994, 59 
F.R. 37151.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated July 20, 1993, 58 
F.R. 39111.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated July 21, 1992, 57 
F.R. 32875.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated July 26, 1991, 56 
F.R. 35995.

                        Executive Order No. 12723

    Ex. Ord. No. 12723, Aug. 2, 1990, 55 F.R. 31805, which directed 
Secretary of the Treasury to block all property and interests in Kuwaiti 
Government property that are in the United States or within possession 
or control of United States persons, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12771, 
July 25, 1991, 56 F.R. 35993, set out below.

 Ex. Ord. No. 12724. Blocking Iraqi Government Property and Prohibiting 
                         Transactions With Iraq

    Ex. Ord. No. 12724, Aug. 9, 1990, 55 F.R. 33089, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
laws of the United States of America, including the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), the National 
Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), section 301 of title 3 of the 
United States Code, and the United Nations Participation Act [22 U.S.C. 
287 et seq.] (22 U.S.C. 287c), in view of United Nations Security 
Council Resolution No. 661 of August 6, 1990, and in order to take 
additional steps with respect to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait and the 
national emergency declared in Executive Order No. 12722 [set out 
above],
    I, GEORGE BUSH, President of the United States of America, hereby 
order:
    Section 1. Except to the extent provided in regulations that may 
hereafter be issued pursuant to this order, all property and interests 
in property of the Government of Iraq that are in the United States, 
that hereafter come within the United States, or that are or hereafter 
come within the possession or control of United States persons, 
including their overseas branches, are hereby blocked.
    Sec. 2. The following are prohibited, except to the extent provided 
in regulations that may hereafter be issued pursuant to this order:
    (a) The importation into the United States of any goods or services 
of Iraqi origin, or any activity that promotes or is intended to promote 
such importation;
    (b) The exportation to Iraq, or to any entity operated from Iraq, or 
owned or controlled by the Government of Iraq, directly or indirectly, 
of any goods, technology (including technical data or other 
information), or services either (i) from the United States, or (ii) 
requiring the issuance of a license by a Federal agency, or any activity 
that promotes or is intended to promote such exportation, except 
donations of articles intended to relieve human suffering, such as food 
and supplies intended strictly for medical purposes;
    (c) Any dealing by a United States person related to property of 
Iraqi origin exported from Iraq after August 6, 1990, or property 
intended for exportation from Iraq to any country, or exportation to 
Iraq from any country, or any activity of any kind that promotes or is 
intended to promote such dealing;
    (d) Any transaction by a United States person relating to travel by 
any United States citizen or permanent resident alien to Iraq, or to 
activities by any such person within Iraq, after the date of this order, 
other than transactions necessary to effect (i) such person's departure 
from Iraq, (ii) travel and activities for the conduct of the official 
business of the Federal Government or the United Nations, or (iii) 
travel for journalistic activity by persons regularly employed in such 
capacity by a news-gathering organization;
    (e) Any transaction by a United States person relating to 
transportation to or from Iraq; the provision of transportation to or 
from the United States by any Iraqi person or any vessel or aircraft of 
Iraqi registration; or the sale in the United States by any person 
holding authority under the Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as amended (49 
U.S.C. 1301 et seq.) [now 49 U.S.C. 40101 et seq.], of any 
transportation by air that includes any stop in Iraq;
    (f) The performance by any United States person of any contract, 
including a financing contract, in support of an industrial, commercial, 
public utility, or governmental project in Iraq;
    (g) Except as otherwise authorized herein, any commitment or 
transfer, direct or indirect, of funds, or other financial or economic 
resources by any United States person to the Government of Iraq or any 
other person in Iraq;
    (h) Any transaction by any United States person that evades or 
avoids, or has the purpose of evading or avoiding, any of the 
prohibitions set forth in this order.
    Sec. 3. For purposes of this order:
    (a) the term ``United States person'' means any United States 
citizen, permanent resident alien, juridical person organized under the 
laws of the United States (including foreign branches), or any person in 
the United States, and vessels of U.S. registration.
    (b) the term ``Government of Iraq'' includes the Government of Iraq, 
its agencies, instrumentalities and controlled entities, and the Central 
Bank of Iraq.
    Sec. 4. This order is effective immediately.
    Sec. 5. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the 
Secretary of State, is hereby authorized to take such actions, including 
the promulgation of rules and regulations, as may be necessary to carry 
out the purposes of this order. Such actions may include prohibiting or 
regulating payments or transfers of any property or any transactions 
involving the transfer of anything of economic value by any United 
States person to the Government of Iraq, or to any Iraqi national or 
entity owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by the Government of 
Iraq or Iraqi nationals. The Secretary of the Treasury may redelegate 
any of these functions to other officers and agencies of the Federal 
Government. All agencies of the Federal Government are directed to take 
all appropriate measures within their authority to carry out the 
provisions of this order, including the suspension or termination of 
licenses or other authorizations in effect as of the date of this order.
    Sec. 6. Executive Order No. 12722 of August 2, 1990 [set out above], 
is hereby revoked to the extent inconsistent with this order. All 
delegations, rules, regulations, orders, licenses, and other forms of 
administrative action made, issued, or otherwise taken under Executive 
Order No. 12722 and not revoked administratively shall remain in full 
force and effect under this order until amended, modified, or terminated 
by proper authority. The revocation of any provision of Executive Order 
No. 12722 pursuant to this section shall not affect any violation of any 
rules, regulations, orders, licenses, or other forms of administrative 
action under that order during the period that such provision of that 
order was in effect.
    This order shall be transmitted to the Congress and published in the 
Federal Register.
                                                            George Bush.

                        Executive Order No. 12725

    Ex. Ord. No. 12725, Aug. 9, 1990, 55 F.R. 33091, which directed 
Secretary of the Treasury to block all property and interests in Kuwaiti 
Government property that are in the United States or within possession 
or control of United States persons and which prohibited transactions 
with Kuwait, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12771, July 25, 1991, 56 F.R. 
35993, set out below.

                        Executive Order No. 12730

    Ex. Ord. No. 12730, Sept. 30, 1990, 55 F.R. 40373, which continued 
effectiveness of the Export Administration Act of 1979, 50 App. U.S.C. 
2401 et seq., and of the orders, rules and regulations promulgated 
thereunder, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12867, Sec. 1, Sept. 30, 1993, 
58 F.R. 51747, set out below.
    Continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 12730 
were contained in the following:
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 25, 1992, 57 
F.R. 44649.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 26, 1991, 56 
F.R. 49385.

                        Executive Order No. 12735

    Ex. Ord. No. 12735, Nov. 16, 1990, 55 F.R. 48587, which declared a 
national emergency to deal with threat of proliferation of chemical and 
biological weapons and imposed controls on exports that would assist a 
country in developing, stockpiling, delivering, or using chemical or 
biological weapons and associated sanctions, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 
12938, Sec. 10, Nov. 14, 1994, 59 F.R. 59099, set out below.
    Continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 12735 
were contained in the following:
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 12, 1993, 58 
F.R. 60361.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 11, 1992, 57 
F.R. 53979.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 14, 1991, 56 
F.R. 58171.

   Ex. Ord. No. 12771. Revoking Earlier Orders With Respect to Kuwait

    Ex. Ord. No. 12771, July 25, 1991, 56 F.R. 35993, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
the laws of the United States of America, including the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C.1701 et seq.), the National 
Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), section 301 of title 3 of the 
United States Code, and United Nations Participation Act [22 U.S.C. 287 
et seq.] (22 U.S.C. 287c),
    I, GEORGE BUSH, President of the United States of America, find that 
the expulsion from Kuwait of Iraq's occupation forces, the restoration 
of Kuwait to its citizens, and the reinstatement of the lawful 
Government of Kuwait eliminate the need for Executive Order No. 12723 of 
August 2, 1990, entitled ``Blocking Kuwaiti Government Property,'' and 
Executive Order No. 12725 of August 9, 1990, entitled ``Blocking Kuwaiti 
Government Property and Prohibiting Transactions With Kuwait.'' Those 
orders were issued to protect the assets of the Government of Kuwait 
which were subject to United States jurisdiction, and to prevent the 
transfer of benefits by United States persons to Iraq based upon its 
invasion of Kuwait. Those orders also implemented the foreign policy and 
protected the national security of the United States, in conformity with 
applicable resolutions of the United Nations Security Council. Finding 
continuation of these orders unnecessary, I hereby order:
    Section 1. Executive Order No. 12723 and Executive Order No. 12725 
are hereby revoked. This revocation shall not affect the national 
emergency declared in Executive Order No. 12722 [set out above] to deal 
with the unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and 
foreign policy of the United States posed by the policies and action of 
the Government of Iraq.
    Sec. 2. This revocation shall not affect:
    (a) any action taken or proceeding pending and not finally concluded 
or determined on the effective date of this order;
    (b) any action or proceeding based on any act committed prior to the 
effective date of this order; or
    (c) any rights or duties that matured or penalties that were 
incurred prior to the effective date of this order.
    Sec. 3. This order shall take effect immediately.
                                                            George Bush.

                        Executive Order No. 12775

    Ex. Ord. No. 12775, Oct. 4, 1991, 56 F.R. 50641, which declared a 
national emergency to deal with Republic of Haiti, directed Secretary of 
Treasury to block all property and interests in property of Government 
of Haiti that were in United States or within possession or control of 
United States persons, and prohibited transactions with Haiti, was 
revoked, and such national emergency terminated, by Ex. Ord. No. 12932, 
Oct. 14, 1994, 59 F.R. 52403, set out below.
    Continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 12775 
were contained in the following:
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 30, 1994, 59 
F.R. 50479.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 30, 1993, 58 
F.R. 51563.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 30, 1992, 57 
F.R. 45557.

                        Executive Order No. 12779

    Ex. Ord. No. 12779, Oct. 28, 1991, 56 F.R. 55975, which directed 
Secretary of the Treasury to block all property and interests in 
property of Government of Haiti that were in United States or within 
possession or control of United States persons and which prohibited 
transactions with Haiti and most imports from and exports to Haiti, was 
revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12932, Oct. 14, 1994, 59 F.R. 52403, set out 
below.

Ex. Ord. No. 12801. Barring Overflight, Takeoff, and Landing of Aircraft 
                         Flying To or From Libya

    Ex. Ord. No. 12801, Apr. 15, 1992, 57 F.R. 14319, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
the laws of the United States of America, including the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701, et seq.), the National 
Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601, et seq.), section 1114 of the Federal 
Aviation Act of 1958, as amended (49 U.S.C. App. 1514) [now 49 U.S.C. 
40106(b)], section 5 of the United Nations Participation Act of 1945, as 
amended (22 U.S.C. 287c), and section 301 of title 3 of the United 
States Code, in view of United Nations Security Council Resolutions Nos. 
731 of January 21, 1992, and 748 of March 31, 1992, and in order to take 
additional steps with respect to Libya's continued support for 
international terrorism and the national emergency declared in Executive 
Order No. 12543 of January 7, 1986 [set out above], it is hereby ordered 
that:
    Section 1. Except to the extent provided in regulations, orders, 
directives, authorizations, or licenses that may hereafter be issued 
pursuant to this order, and notwithstanding the existence of any rights 
or obligations conferred or imposed by any international agreement or 
any contract entered into or any license or permit granted before the 
effective date of this order, the granting of permission to any aircraft 
to take off from, land in, or overfly the United States, if the 
aircraft, as part of the same flight or as a continuation of that 
flight, is destined to land in or has taken off from the territory of 
Libya, is hereby prohibited.
    Sec. 2. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the 
Secretary of Transportation, is hereby authorized to take such actions, 
including the promulgation of rules and regulations, as may be necessary 
to carry out the provisions of section 1 of this order. The Secretary of 
the Treasury may redelegate the authority set forth in this order to 
other officers in the Department of the Treasury and may confer or 
impose such authority upon any other officer of the United States, with 
the consent of the head of the department or agency within which such 
officer is serving. All executive branch agencies of the Federal 
Government hereby affected are directed to consult as appropriate on the 
implementation of this order and to take all necessary measures within 
their authority to carry out the provisions of this order, including the 
suspension or termination of licenses or other authorizations in effect 
as of the date of this order.
    Sec. 3. Nothing contained in this order shall confer any substantive 
or procedural right or privilege on any person or organization, 
enforceable against the United States, its agencies or 
instrumentalities, its officers, or its employees.
    Sec. 4. This order is effective 11:59 p.m. eastern daylight time, 
April 15, 1992.
    Sec. 5. This order shall be transmitted to the Congress and 
published in the Federal Register.
                                                            George Bush.

   Ex. Ord. No. 12808. Blocking ``Yugoslav Government'' Property and 
            Property of Governments of Serbia and Montenegro

    Ex. Ord. No. 12808, May 30, 1992, 57 F.R. 23299, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
the laws of the United States of America, including the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701, et seq.), the National 
Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601, et seq.), and section 301 of title 3 of 
the United States Code,
    I, GEORGE BUSH, President of the United States of America, find that 
the actions and policies of the Governments of Serbia and Montenegro, 
acting under the name of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia or 
the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, in their involvement in and support 
for groups attempting to seize territory in Croatia and Bosnia-
Hercegovina by force and violence utilizing, in part, the forces of the 
so-called Yugoslav National Army, constitute an unusual and 
extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy, and 
economy of the United States, and hereby declare a national emergency to 
deal with that threat.
    I hereby order:
    Section 1. Except to the extent provided in regulations, orders, 
directives, or licenses which may hereafter be issued pursuant to this 
order, all property and interests in property of the Government of 
Serbia and the Government of Montenegro that are in the United States, 
that hereafter come within the United States, or that are or hereafter 
come within the possession or control of United States persons, 
including their overseas branches, are hereby blocked.
    Sec. 2. Except to the extent provided in regulations, orders, 
directives, or licenses which may hereafter be issued pursuant to this 
order, all property and interests in property in the name of the 
Government of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia or the 
Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia that are in the United 
States, that hereafter come within the United States, or that are or 
hereafter come within the possession or control of United States 
persons, including their overseas branches, are hereby blocked.
    Sec. 3. Any transaction by any United States person that evades or 
avoids, or has the purpose of evading or avoiding, or attempts to 
violate, any of the prohibitions set forth in this order is prohibited.
    Sec. 4. For the purposes of this order:
    (a) The term ``United States person'' means any United States 
citizen, permanent resident alien, juridical person organized under the 
laws of the United States (including foreign branches), or person in the 
United States;
    (b) The terms ``Government of Serbia'' and ``Government of 
Montenegro'' include the governments of Serbia and Montenegro, including 
any subdivisions thereof or local government therein, their respective 
agencies, instrumentalities and controlled entities, and any persons 
acting or purporting to act for or on behalf of any of the foregoing, 
including the National Bank of Serbia, the Serbian Chamber of Economy, 
the National Bank of Montenegro, and the Montenegrin Chamber of Economy;
    (c) The terms ``Government of the Socialist Federal Republic of 
Yugoslavia'' and ``Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia'' 
include the government of the former Socialist Federal Republic of 
Yugoslavia, the government of the newly constituted Federal Republic of 
Yugoslavia, their respective agencies, instrumentalities and controlled 
entities, and any persons acting or purporting to act for or on behalf 
of any of the foregoing, including the National Bank of Yugoslavia, the 
Yugoslav National Army, and the Yugoslav Chamber of Economy.
    Sec. 5. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the 
Secretary of State, is hereby authorized to take such actions, including 
the promulgation of rules and regulations, and to employ all powers 
granted to the President by the International Emergency Economic Powers 
Act [50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.], as may be necessary to carry out the 
purposes of this order. Such actions may include prohibiting or 
regulating payments or transfers of any property, or any transactions 
involving the transfer of anything of economic value by any United 
States person to the Government of the Socialist Federal Republic of 
Yugoslavia, the Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the 
Government of Serbia, the Government of Montenegro, any person in Serbia 
or Montenegro, or any person or entity acting for or on behalf of, or 
owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by any of the foregoing. 
The Secretary of the Treasury may redelegate any of these functions to 
other officers and agencies of the United States Government, all 
agencies of which are hereby directed to take all appropriate measures 
within their authority to carry out the provisions of this order, 
including suspension or termination of licenses or other authorizations 
in effect as of the date of this order.
    Sec. 6. Nothing contained in this order shall create any right or 
benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable by any party against the 
United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or 
employees, or any other person.
    Sec. 7. (a) This order shall take effect at 11:59 p.m. Eastern 
Daylight Time, May 30, 1992.
    (b) This order shall be transmitted to the Congress and published in 
the Federal Register.
                                                            George Bush.

    Continuation of National Emergency Declared by Ex. Ord. No. 12808

    Notice of President of the United States, dated May 27, 1999, 64 
F.R. 29205, provided:
    On May 30, 1992, by Executive Order 12808 [set out above], President 
Bush declared a national emergency to deal with the unusual and 
extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy, and 
economy of the United States constituted by the actions and policies of 
the Governments of Serbia and Montenegro, blocking all property and 
interests in property of those Governments. President Bush took 
additional measures to prohibit trade and other transactions with the 
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) by Executive 
Orders 12810 and 12831 [set out below], issued on June 5, 1992, and 
January 15, 1993, respectively. On April 25, 1993, I issued Executive 
Order 12846 [set out below], blocking the property and interests in 
property of all commercial, industrial, or public utility undertakings 
or entities organized or located in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 
(Serbia and Montenegro), and prohibiting trade-related transactions by 
United States persons involving those areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina 
controlled by Bosnian Serb forces and the United Nations Protected Areas 
in the Republic of Croatia. On October 24, 1994, because of the actions 
and policies of the Bosnian Serbs, I expanded the scope of the national 
emergency by issuing Executive Order 12934 [set out below] to block the 
property of the Bosnian Serb forces and the authorities in the territory 
that they control within Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as the property 
of any entity organized or located in, or controlled by any person in, 
or resident in, those areas.
    On December 27, 1995, I issued Presidential Determination 96-7 [set 
out above], directing the Secretary of the Treasury, inter alia, to 
suspend the application of sanctions imposed on the Federal Republic of 
Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) pursuant to the above-referenced 
Executive orders and to continue to block property previously blocked 
until provision is made to address claims or encumbrances, including the 
claims of the other successor states of the former Yugoslavia. This 
sanctions relief, in conformity with United Nations Security Council 
Resolution 1022 of November 22, 1995 (hereinafter the ``Resolution''), 
was an essential factor motivating Serbia and Montenegro's acceptance of 
the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina 
initialed by the parties in Dayton on November 21, 1995, and signed in 
Paris on December 14, 1995 (hereinafter the ``Peace Agreement''). The 
sanctions imposed on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and 
Montenegro) were accordingly suspended prospectively, effective January 
16, 1996. Sanctions imposed on the Bosnian Serb forces and authorities 
and on the territory that they control within Bosnia and Herzegovina 
were subsequently suspended prospectively, effective May 10, 1996, also 
in conformity with the Peace Agreement and the Resolution. Sanctions 
against both the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) 
and the Bosnian Serbs were subsequently terminated by United Nations 
Security Council Resolution 1074 of October 1, 1996. This termination, 
however, did not end the requirement of the Resolution that those 
blocked funds and assets that are subject to claims and encumbrances 
remain blocked, until unblocked in accordance with applicable law. Until 
the status of all remaining blocked property is resolved, the Peace 
Agreement implemented, and the terms of the Resolution met, the national 
emergency declared on May 30, 1992, as expanded in scope on October 25, 
1994, and the measures adopted pursuant thereto to deal with that 
emergency must continue beyond May 30, 1999.
    On June 9, 1998, following attacks and repression directed by the 
government in Belgrade against the people of Kosovo, I issued Executive 
Order 13088 [set out below], ``Blocking Property of the Governments of 
the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), the Republic 
of Serbia, and the Republic of Montenegro, and Prohibiting New 
Investment in the Republic of Serbia in Response to the Situation in 
Kosovo.'' Since then, the government of President Milosevic has rejected 
the international community's efforts to find a peaceful settlement for 
the crisis in Kosovo and has launched a massive campaign of ethnic 
cleansing that has displaced a large percentage of the population and 
been accompanied by an increasing number of atrocities. In light of 
President Milosevic's brutal assault against the people of Kosovo, his 
complete disregard for the requirements of the international community 
and the threat his actions pose to regional peace and stability, I have 
determined that it is necessary to maintain in force these emergency 
authorities beyond June 9, 1999.
    Therefore, in accordance with section 202(d) of the National 
Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)), I am continuing the national 
emergency declared on May 30, 1992, as expanded on October 24, 1994, and 
the national emergency declared on June 9, 1998, with respect to the 
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro). This notice 
shall be published in the Federal Register and transmitted to the 
Congress.
                                                     William J. Clinton.

    Prior continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 
12808 were contained in the following:
    Notice of President of the United States, dated May 28, 1998, 63 
F.R. 29527.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated May 28, 1997, 62 
F.R. 29283.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated May 24, 1996, 61 
F.R. 26773.
    Determination of President, No. 96-7, Dec. 27, 1995, 61 F.R. 2887.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated May 10, 1995, 60 
F.R. 25599.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated May 25, 1994, 59 
F.R. 27429.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated May 25, 1993, 58 
F.R. 30693.

 Ex. Ord. No. 12810. Blocking Property of and Prohibiting Transactions 
       With Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro)

    Ex. Ord. No. 12810, June 5, 1992, 57 F.R. 24347, as amended by Ex. 
Ord. No. 12831, Sec. 4, Jan. 15, 1993, 58 F.R. 5253, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
the laws of the United States of America, including the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701, et seq.), the National 
Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601, et seq.), section 1114 of the Federal 
Aviation Act of 1958, as amended (49 U.S.C. App. 1514), section 5 of the 
United Nations Participation Act of 1945, as amended (22 U.S.C. 287c), 
and section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code, in view of United 
Nations Security Council Resolution No. 757 of May 30, 1992, and in 
order to take additional steps with respect to the actions and policies 
of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) and the 
national emergency described and declared in Executive Order No. 12808 
[set out above],
    I, GEORGE BUSH, President of the United States of America, hereby 
order:
    Section 1. Except to the extent provided in regulations, orders, 
directives, or licenses which may hereafter be issued pursuant to this 
order, and notwithstanding the existence of any rights or obligations 
conferred or imposed by any international agreement or any contract 
entered into or any license or permit granted before the effective date 
of this order, all property and interests in property of the Government 
of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), and 
property and interests in property held in the name of the Government of 
the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia or of the former Government of the 
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, that are in the United States, 
that hereafter come within the United States, or that are or hereafter 
come within the possession or control of United States persons, 
including their overseas branches, are blocked.
    Sec. 2. The following are prohibited, notwithstanding the existence 
of any rights or obligations conferred or imposed by any international 
agreement or any contract entered into or any license or permit granted 
before the effective date of this order, except to the extent provided 
in regulations, orders, directives, or licenses which may hereafter be 
issued pursuant to this order:
    (a) The importation into the United States of any goods originating 
in, or services performed in, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia 
and Montenegro), exported from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 
(Serbia and Montenegro) after May 30, 1992, or any activity that 
promotes or is intended to promote such importation;
    (b) The exportation to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia 
and Montenegro), or to any entity operated from the Federal Republic of 
Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), or owned or controlled by the 
Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and 
Montenegro), directly or indirectly, of any goods, technology (including 
technical data or other information controlled for export pursuant to 
the Export Administration Regulations, 15 C.F.R. Parts 768, et seq.), or 
services, either (i) from the United States, (ii) requiring the issuance 
of a license by a Federal agency, or (iii) involving the use of U.S.-
registered vessels or aircraft, or any activity that promotes or is 
intended to promote such exportation;
    (c) Any dealing by a United States person related to property 
originating in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and 
Montenegro) exported from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and 
Montenegro) after May 30, 1992, or property intended for exportation 
from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) to any 
country, or exportation to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia 
and Montenegro) from any country, or any activity of any kind that 
promotes or is intended to promote such dealing;
    (d) Any transaction by a United States person, or involving the use 
of U.S.-registered vessels and aircraft, relating to transportation to 
or from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), the 
provision of transportation to or from the United States by any person 
in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) or any 
vessel or aircraft registered in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 
(Serbia and Montenegro), or the sale in the United States by any person 
holding authority under the Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as amended (49 
U.S.C. 1301, et seq.) [now 49 U.S.C. 40101 et seq.], of any 
transportation by air that includes any stop in the Federal Republic of 
Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro);
    (e) The granting of permission to any aircraft to take off from, 
land in, or overfly the United States, if the aircraft, as part of the 
same flight or as a continuation of that flight, is destined to land in 
or has taken off from the territory of the Federal Republic of 
Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro);
    (f) The performance by any United States person of any contract, 
including a financing contract, in support of an industrial, commercial, 
public utility, or governmental project in the Federal Republic of 
Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro);
    (g) Any commitment or transfer, direct or indirect, of funds, or 
other financial or economic resources by any United States person to or 
for the benefit of the Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 
(Serbia and Montenegro) or any other person in the Federal Republic of 
Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro);
    (h) Any transaction in the United States or by a United States 
person related to participation in sporting events in the United States 
by persons or groups representing the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 
(Serbia and Montenegro);
    (i) [Revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12831, Sec. 4, Jan. 15, 1993, 58 F.R. 
5253.]
    Sec. 3. Nothing in this order shall apply to (i) the transshipment 
through the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) of 
commodities and products originating outside the Federal Republic of 
Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) and temporarily present in the 
territory of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) 
only for the purpose of such transshipment, and (ii) activities related 
to the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR), the Conference on 
Yugoslavia, or the European Community Monitor Mission.
    Sec. 4. Any transaction by any United States person that evades or 
avoids, or has the purpose of evading or avoiding, or attempts to 
violate, any of the prohibitions set forth in this order is prohibited.
    Sec. 5. For the purposes of this order:
    (a) The term ``United States person'' means any United States 
citizen, permanent resident alien, juridical person organized under the 
laws of the United States (including foreign branches), or any person in 
the United States, and vessels and aircraft of U.S. registration;
    (b) The term ``the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and 
Montenegro)'' means the territory of Serbia and Montenegro;
    (c) The term ``the Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 
(Serbia and Montenegro)'' includes the government of the newly 
constituted Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the Government of Serbia, 
and the Government of Montenegro, including any subdivisions thereof or 
local governments therein, their respective agencies, instrumentalities 
and controlled entities, and any persons acting or purporting to act for 
or on behalf of any of the foregoing, including the National Bank of 
Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav National Army, and the Yugoslav Chamber of 
Economy, the National Bank of Serbia, the Serbian Chamber of Economy, 
the National Bank of Montenegro, and the Montenegrin Chamber of Economy.
    Sec. 6. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the 
Secretary of State, is hereby authorized to take such actions, including 
the promulgation of rules and regulations, and to employ all powers 
granted to the President by the International Emergency Economic Powers 
Act [50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.] and the United Nations Participation Act 
[22 U.S.C. 287 et seq.], as may be necessary to carry out the purposes 
of this order. Such actions may include prohibiting or regulating 
payments or transfers of any property, or any transactions involving the 
transfer of anything of economic value by the [sic] any United States 
person to the Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia 
and Montenegro), any person in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 
(Serbia and Montenegro), or any person or entity acting for or on behalf 
of, or owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by any of the 
foregoing. The Secretary of the Treasury may redelegate any of these 
functions to other officers and agencies of the United States 
Government, all agencies of which are hereby directed to take all 
appropriate measures within their authority to carry out the provisions 
of this order, including suspension or termination of licenses or other 
authorizations in effect as of the date of this order.
    Sec. 7. All delegations, rules, regulations, orders, licenses, and 
other forms of administrative action made, issued, or otherwise taken 
under Executive Order No. 12808 [set out above] and not revoked 
administratively shall remain in full force and effect under this order 
until amended, modified, or terminated by proper authority.
    Sec. 8. Nothing contained in this order shall create any right or 
benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable by any party against the 
United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or 
employees, or any other person.
    Sec. 9. (a) This order is effective immediately.
    (b) This order shall be transmitted to the Congress and published in 
the Federal Register.
                                                            George Bush.

Ex. Ord. No. 12817. Transfer of Certain Iraqi Government Assets Held by 
                             Domestic Banks

    Ex. Ord. No. 12817, Oct. 21, 1992, 57 F.R. 48433, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
the laws of the United States of America, including the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), the National 
Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), section 5 of the United 
Nations Participation Act of 1945, as amended (22 U.S.C. 287c), and 
section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code, in order to apply in 
the United States measures adopted in United Nations Security Council 
Resolution No. 778 of October 2, 1992, and in order to take additional 
steps with respect to the actions and policies of the Government of Iraq 
and the national emergency described and declared in Executive Order No. 
12722 [set out above],
    I, GEORGE BUSH, President of the United States of America, hereby 
order:
    Section 1. The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized and directed 
to take all actions necessary to carry out the provisions of United 
Nations Security Council Resolution No. 778 with respect to blocked 
funds and other assets described in section 2 of this order, or funds 
and other assets received from the United Nations in repayment of funds 
and assets transferred pursuant to section 2 of this order. For this 
purpose, the Secretary of the Treasury is delegated and authorized to 
exercise all authorities vested in the President by sections 203 and 205 
of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 
1704) and section 5 of the United Nations Participation Act (22 U.S.C. 
287c).
    Sec. 2. Upon a determination by the Secretary of the Treasury that 
funds or other assets in which the Government of Iraq or its agencies, 
instrumentalities, or controlled entities have an interest represent the 
proceeds of the sale of Iraqi petroleum or petroleum products, paid for 
by or on behalf of the purchaser on or after August 6, 1990, each and 
every United States financial institution is directed and compelled to 
transfer such funds or assets held by it or carried on its books to the 
Federal Reserve Bank of New York, when, to the extent, and in the manner 
required by the Secretary of the Treasury.
    Sec. 3. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York, as fiscal agent of the 
United States, is authorized, directed, and compelled to receive funds 
and other assets in which the Government of Iraq or its agencies, 
instrumentalities, or controlled entities have an interest, and to hold, 
invest, or transfer such funds and assets, and any earnings thereon, 
when, to the extent, and in the manner required by the Secretary of the 
Treasury in order to fulfill the rights and obligations of the United 
States under United Nations Security Council Resolution No. 778.
    Sec. 4. Compliance with this order, or any regulation, instruction, 
or direction issued under this order, licensing, authorizing, directing, 
or compelling the transfer of the blocked funds and other assets 
described in section 2 of this order, or funds and other assets received 
from the United Nations in repayment of funds and assets transferred 
pursuant to section 2 of this order, shall, to the extent thereof, be a 
full acquittance and discharge for all purposes of the obligation of the 
person making the transfer. No person shall be held liable in any court 
for or with respect to anything done or omitted in good faith in 
connection with the administration of, or pursuant to and in reliance 
on, this order or any regulation, instruction, or direction issued 
hereunder. The operation of this order shall have no effect on rights, 
debts, and claims existing with respect to funds or other assets prior 
to their transfer to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    Sec. 5. For the purposes of this order, the term ``United States 
financial institution'' means any United States citizen, permanent 
resident alien, juridical person organized under the laws of the United 
States, or any person located in the United States, which is engaged in 
the business of accepting deposits, making, granting, transferring, 
holding, or brokering loans or credits, or purchasing or selling foreign 
exchange or securities, including, but not limited to, depository 
institutions, banks, saving banks, trust companies, securities brokers 
and dealers, clearing corporations, investment companies, and U.S. 
holding companies, U.S. affiliates, or U.S. subsidiaries of the 
foregoing. This term includes branches, offices, and agencies of foreign 
financial institutions which are located in the United States.
    Sec. 6. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the 
Secretary of State, is authorized to take such actions, including the 
issuance of directive licenses, rules, and regulations, as may be 
necessary to carry out the purposes of this order. The Secretary of the 
Treasury may redelegate any of these functions to other officers and 
agencies of the Federal Government. All agencies of the Federal 
Government are directed to take all appropriate measures within their 
authority to carry out the provisions of this order.
    Sec. 7. Nothing contained in this order shall create any right or 
benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable by any party (other than 
the United States) against the United States, its agencies or 
instrumentalities, its officers or employees, or any other person.
    Sec. 8.
    (a) This order is effective immediately.
    (b) This order shall be transmitted to the Congress and published in 
the Federal Register.
                                                            George Bush.

Ex. Ord. No. 12831. Additional Measures With Respect to Federal Republic 
                  of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro)

    Ex. Ord. No. 12831, Jan. 15, 1993, 58 F.R. 5253, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
the laws of the United States of America, including the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), the National 
Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), section 5 of the United 
Nations Participation Act of 1945, as amended (22 U.S.C. 287c), and 
section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code, in view of United 
Nations Security Council Resolutions No. 757 of May 30, 1992, and No. 
787 of November 16, 1992, and in order to take additional steps with 
respect to the actions and policies of the Federal Republic of 
Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) and the national emergency described 
and declared in Executive Order No. 12808 [set out above] and expanded 
in Executive Order No. 12810 [set out above],
    I, GEORGE BUSH, President of the United States of America, hereby 
order:
    Section 1. The following are prohibited, except to the extent 
provided in regulations, orders, directives, or licenses which may 
hereafter be issued pursuant to this order, and notwithstanding the 
existence of any rights or obligations conferred or imposed by any 
international agreement or any contract entered into or any license or 
permit granted before the effective date of this order:
    (a) Any transaction within the United States or by a United States 
person related to the transshipment of commodities or products through 
the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro); and
    (b) Any transaction within the United States or by a United States 
person relating to any vessel in which a majority or controlling 
interest is held by a person or entity in, or operating from, the 
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) regardless of the 
flag under which the vessel sails.
    Sec. 2. Any vessel in which a majority or controlling interest is 
held by a person or entity in, or operating from, the Federal Republic 
of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) shall be considered as a vessel of 
the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) regardless of 
the flag under which the vessel sails.
    Sec. 3. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the 
Secretary of State, is hereby authorized to take such actions, including 
the promulgation of rules and regulations, and to employ all powers 
granted to the President by the International Emergency Economic Powers 
Act [50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.] and the United Nations Participation Act 
[22 U.S.C. 287 et seq.], as may be necessary to carry out the purpose of 
this order. Such actions may include prohibiting or regulating trade and 
financial transactions involving any areas of the territory of the 
former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as to which there is 
inadequate assurance that such transactions will not be diverted to the 
benefit of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro). 
The Secretary of the Treasury may redelegate the authority set forth in 
this order to other officers and agencies of the United States 
Government, all agencies of which are hereby directed to take all 
appropriate measures within their authority to carry out the provisions 
of this order, including suspension or termination of licenses or other 
authorizations in effect as of the date of this order.
    Sec. 4. Section 3[2](i) of Executive Order No. 12810 [set out above] 
is hereby revoked.
    Sec. 5. The definitions contained in Section 5 of Executive Order 
No. 12810 [set out above] apply to the terms used in this order.
    Sec. 6. Nothing contained in this order shall create any right or 
benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable by any party against the 
United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or 
employees, or any other person.
    Sec. 7. (a) This order is effective immediately.
    (b) This order shall be transmitted to the Congress and published in 
the Federal Register.
                                                            George Bush.

Ex. Ord. No. 12846. Additional Measures With Respect to Federal Republic 
                  of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro)

    Ex. Ord. No. 12846, Apr. 25, 1993, 58 F.R. 25771, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
the laws of the United States of America, including the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), the National 
Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), section 5 of the United 
Nations Participation Act of 1945, as amended (22 U.S.C. 287c), and 
section 301 of title 3, United States Code, in view of United Nations 
Security Council Resolution No. 757 of May 30, 1992, No. 787 of November 
16, 1992, and No. 820 of April 17, 1993, and in order to take additional 
steps with respect to the actions and policies of the Federal Republic 
of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) and the national emergency 
described and declared in Executive Order No. 12808 [set out above] and 
expanded in Executive Order No. 12810 [set out above] and No. 12831 [set 
out above],
    I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of America, 
hereby order:
    Section 1. Notwithstanding the existence of any rights or 
obligations conferred or imposed by any international agreement or any 
contract entered into or any license or permit granted before the 
effective date of this order, except to the extent provided in 
regulations, orders, directives, or licenses which may hereafter be 
issued pursuant to this order:
    (a) All property and interests in property of all commercial, 
industrial, or public utility undertakings or entities organized or 
located in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), 
including, without limitation, the property and interests in property of 
entities (wherever organized or located) owned or controlled by such 
undertakings or entities, that are in the United States, that hereafter 
come within the United States, or that are or hereafter come within the 
possession or control of United States persons, including their overseas 
branches, are hereby blocked;
    (b) All expenses incident to the blocking and maintenance of 
property blocked under Executive Order Nos. 12808, 12810, 12831 [set out 
above] or this order shall be charged to the owners or operators of such 
property, which expenses shall not be met from blocked funds. Such 
property may also be sold or liquidated and the proceeds placed in a 
blocked interest-bearing account in the name of the owner;
    (c) All vessels, freight vehicles, rolling stock, aircraft and cargo 
that are within or hereafter come within the United States and are not 
subject to blocking under Executive Order Nos. 12808, 12810, 12831 or 
this order, but which are suspected of a violation of United Nations 
Security Council Resolution Nos. 713, 757, 787 or 820, shall be detained 
pending investigation and, upon a determination by the Secretary of the 
Treasury that they have been in violation of any of these resolutions, 
shall be blocked. Such blocked conveyances and cargo may also be sold or 
liquidated and the proceeds placed in a blocked interest-bearing account 
in the name of the owner;
    (d) No vessel registered in the United States or owned or controlled 
by United States persons, other than a United States naval vessel, may 
enter the territorial waters of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 
(Serbia and Montenegro); and
    (e) Any dealing by a United States person relating to the 
importation from, exportation to, or transshipment through the United 
Nations Protected Areas in the Republic of Croatia and those areas of 
the Republic of Bosnia-Hercegovina under the control of Bosnian Serb 
forces, or activity of any kind that promotes or is intended to promote 
such dealing, is prohibited.
    Sec. 2. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the 
Secretary of State, is hereby authorized to take such actions, including 
the promulgation of rules and regulations, and to employ all powers 
granted to the President by the International Emergency Economic Powers 
Act [50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.] and the United Nations Participation Act 
[22 U.S.C. 287 et seq.] as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of 
this order. The Secretary of the Treasury may redelegate the authority 
set forth in this order to other officers and agencies of the Federal 
Government, all agencies of which are hereby directed to take all 
appropriate measures within their authority to carry out the provisions 
of this order, including suspension or termination of licenses or other 
authorizations in effect as of the date of this order.
    Sec. 3. Nothing in this order shall apply to activities related to 
the United Nations Protection Force, the International Conference on the 
Former Yugoslavia, and the European Community Monitor Mission.
    Sec. 4. The definitions contained in section 5 of Executive Order 
No. 12810 [set out above] apply to the terms used in this order.
    Sec. 5. Nothing contained in this order shall create any right or 
benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable by any party against the 
United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or 
employees, or any other person.
    Sec. 6. This order shall not affect the provisions of licenses and 
authorizations issued pursuant to Executive Order Nos. 12808, 12810, 
12831 [set out above] and in force on the effective date of this order, 
except as such licenses or authorization may hereafter be terminated, 
modified or suspended by the issuing federal agency.
    Sec. 7. (a) This order shall take effect at 12:01 a.m. Eastern 
Daylight Time, April 26, 1993.
    (b) This order shall be transmitted to the Congress and published in 
the Federal Register.
                                                     William J. Clinton.

                        Executive Order No. 12853

    Ex. Ord. No. 12853, June 30, 1993, 58 F.R. 35843, which directed 
Secretary of the Treasury to block all property and interests in 
property of Government of Haiti and the de facto regime in Haiti or 
controlled directly or indirectly by either that were in United States 
or within possession or control of United States persons and which 
prohibited sale or supply to Haiti of petroleum or arms and related 
materiel by United States persons or from United States or using U.S.-
registered vessels or aircraft, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12932, Oct. 
14, 1994, 59 F.R. 52403, set out below.

  Ex. Ord. No. 12865. Prohibiting Certain Transactions With Respect to 
                                  UNITA

    Ex. Ord. No. 12865, Sept. 26, 1993, 58 F.R. 51005, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
the laws of the United States of America, including the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), the National 
Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), section 5 of the United 
Nations Participation Act of 1945, as amended (22 U.S.C. 287c), and 
section 301 of title 3, United States Code, and in view of United 
Nations Security Council Resolution No. 864 of September 15, 1993,
    I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of America, 
take note of the United Nations Security Council's determination that, 
as a result of UNITA's military actions, the situation in Angola 
constitutes a threat to international peace and security, and find that 
the actions and policies of UNITA, in continuing military actions, 
repeated attempts to seize additional territory and failure to withdraw 
its troops from locations that it has occupied since the resumption of 
hostilities, in repeatedly attacking United Nations personnel working to 
provide humanitarian assistance, in holding foreign nationals against 
their will, in refusing to accept the results of the democratic 
elections held in Angola in 1992, and in failing to abide by the 
``Acordos de Paz,'' constitute an unusual and extraordinary threat to 
the foreign policy of the United States, and hereby declare a national 
emergency to deal with that threat.
    I hereby order:
    Section 1. The following are prohibited, notwithstanding the 
existence of any rights or obligations conferred or imposed by any 
international agreement or contract entered into or any license or 
permit granted before the effective date of this order, except to the 
extent provided in regulations, orders, directives, or licenses which 
may hereafter be issued pursuant to this order:
    (a) The sale or supply by United States persons or from the United 
States, or using U.S.-registered vessels or aircraft, of arms and 
related materiel of all types, including weapons and ammunition, 
military vehicles and equipment and spare parts for the aforementioned, 
as well as petroleum and petroleum products, regardless of origin:
        (1) to UNITA;
        (2) to the territory of Angola, other than through points of 
    entry to be designated by the Secretary of the Treasury, or any 
    activity by United States persons or in the United States which 
    promotes or is calculated to promote such sale or supply.
    (b) Any transaction by any United States person that evades or 
avoids, or has the purpose of evading or avoiding, or attempts to 
violate, any of the prohibitions set forth in this order.
    Sec. 2. For purposes of this order:
    (a) The term ``United States person'' means any United States 
citizen, permanent resident alien, juridical person organized under the 
laws of the United States (including foreign branches), or person in the 
United States;
    (b) The term ``UNITA'' includes:
        (1) the Uniao Nacional para a Independencia Total de Angola 
    (UNITA), known in English as the ``National Union for the Total 
    Independence of Angola;''
        (2) the Forcas Armadas para a Liberacao de Angola (FALA), known 
    in English as the ``Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola;'' and
        (3) any person acting or purporting to act for or on behalf of 
    any of the foregoing, including the Free Angola Information Service, 
    Inc.
    Sec. 3. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the 
Secretary of State, is hereby authorized to take such actions, including 
the promulgation of rules and regulations, and to employ all powers 
granted to the President by the International Emergency Economic Powers 
Act [50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.] and the United Nations Participation Act 
[22 U.S.C. 287 et seq.] as may be necessary to carry out the purpose of 
this order. The Secretary of the Treasury may redelegate any of these 
functions to other officers and agencies of the United States 
Government.
    Sec. 4. Nothing contained in the order shall be construed to 
supersede the requirements established under the Arms Export Control Act 
(22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.) and the Export Administration Act (50 U.S.C. 
App. 2401 et seq.) to obtain licenses for the exportation from the 
United States or from a third country of any goods, data, or services 
subject to the export jurisdiction of the Department of State or the 
Department of Commerce.
    Sec. 5. All Federal agencies are hereby directed to take all 
appropriate measures within their authority to carry out the provisions 
of this order, including suspension or termination of licenses or other 
authorizations in effect as of the date of this order.
    Sec. 6. Nothing contained in this order shall create any right or 
benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable by any party against the 
United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or 
employees, or any other person.
    Sec. 7. (a) This order shall take effect immediately.
    (b) This order shall be transmitted to the Congress and published in 
the Federal Register.
                                                     William J. Clinton.

    Continuation of National Emergency Declared by Ex. Ord. No. 12865

    Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 21, 1999, 64 
F.R. 51419, provided:
    On September 26, 1993, by Executive Order 12865 [set out above], I 
declared a national emergency to deal with the unusual and extraordinary 
threat to the foreign policy of the United States constituted by the 
actions and policies of the National Union for the Total Independence of 
Angola (UNITA), prohibiting the sale or supply by United States persons 
or from the United States, or using U.S. registered vessels or aircraft, 
or arms, related materiel of all types, petroleum, and petroleum 
products to the territory of Angola, other than through designated 
points of entry. The order also prohibits the sale or supply of such 
commodities to UNITA. On December 12, 1997, in order to take additional 
steps with respect to the national emergency declared in Executive Order 
12865, I issued Executive Order 13069 [set out below], closing all UNITA 
offices in the United States and imposing additional sanctions with 
regard to the sale or supply of aircraft or aircraft parts, the granting 
of take-off, landing and overflight permission, and the provision of 
certain aircraft-related services. On August 18, 1998, in order to take 
further steps with respect to the national emergency declared in 
Executive Order 12865, I issued Executive Order 13098 [set out below], 
blocking all property and interests in property of UNITA and designated 
UNITA officials and adult members of their immediate families, 
prohibiting the importation of certain diamonds exported from Angola, 
and imposing additional sanctions with regard to the sale or supply of 
equipment used in mining, motorized vehicles, watercraft, spare parts 
for motorized vehicles or watercraft, mining services, and ground or 
waterborne transportation services.
    Because of our continuing international obligations and because of 
the prejudicial effect that discontinuation of the sanctions would have 
on prospects for peace in Angola, the national emergency declared on 
September 26, 1993, and the measures adopted pursuant thereto to deal 
with that emergency, must continue in effect beyond September 26, 1999. 
Therefore, in accordance with section 202(d) of the National Emergencies 
Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)), I am continuing the national emergency with 
respect to UNITA.
    This notice shall be published in the Federal Register and 
transmitted to the Congress.
                                                     William J. Clinton.

    Prior continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 
12865 were contained in the following:
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 23, 1998, 63 
F.R. 51509.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 24, 1997, 62 
F.R. 50477.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 16, 1996, 61 
F.R. 49047.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 18, 1995, 60 
F.R. 48621.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 17, 1994, 59 
F.R. 42749.

   Ex. Ord. No. 12867. Termination of Emergency Authority for Certain 
                             Export Controls

    Ex. Ord. No. 12867, Sept. 30, 1993, 58 F.R. 51747, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
the laws of the United States of America, including section 203 of the 
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702) (``the 
IEEPA''), the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), the 
Export Administration Act of 1979, as amended (50 U.S.C. App. 2401 et 
seq.) (``the Act''), and section 301 of title 3 of the United States 
Code, it is hereby ordered as follows:
    Section 1. In view of the extension of the Act by Public Law 103-10 
(March 27, 1993) [amending 50 App. U.S.C. 2419], Executive Order No. 
12730 of September 30, 1990, which continued the effect of export 
control regulations under the IEEPA, is revoked, and the declaration of 
economic emergency is rescinded, as provided in this order.
    Sec. 2. The revocation of Executive Order No. 12730 shall not affect 
any violation of any rules, regulations, orders, licenses, and other 
forms of administrative action under that Order that occurred during the 
period the order was in effect. All rules and regulations issued or 
continued in effect under the authority of the IEEPA and Executive Order 
No. 12735, including those codified at 15 CFR Sections 768-799 (1993), 
and all orders, regulations, licenses, and other forms of administrative 
action issued, taken, or continued in effect pursuant thereto, shall 
remain in full force and effect, as if issued, taken, or continued in 
effect pursuant to and as authorized by the Act or by other appropriate 
authority until amended or revoked by the proper authority. Nothing in 
this order shall affect the continued applicability of the provision for 
the administration of the Act and delegations of authority set forth in 
Executive Order No. 12002 of July 7, 1977, Executive Order No. 12214 of 
May 2, 1980 [50 App. U.S.C. 2403 notes], and Executive Order No. 12735 
of November 16, 1990.
    Sec. 3. All rules, regulations, orders, licenses, and other forms of 
administrative action issued, taken, or continued in effect pursuant to 
the authority of the IEEPA and Executive Order No. 12730 relating to the 
administration of Section 38(e) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 
U.S.C. 2778(e)) shall remain in full force and effect until amended or 
revoked under proper authority.
    Sec. 4. This order shall take effect immediately.
                                                     William J. Clinton.

                        Executive Order No. 12868

    Ex. Ord. No. 12868, Sept. 30, 1993, 58 F.R. 51749, which directed 
Secretary of Commerce to regulate activities of United States persons to 
prevent participation in weapons proliferation activities, was revoked, 
with savings provision, by Ex. Ord. No. 12930, Sec. 3, Sept. 29, 1994, 
59 F.R. 50475, formerly set out below.

                        Executive Order No. 12872

    Ex. Ord. No. 12872, Oct. 18, 1993, 58 F.R. 54029, which directed 
Secretary of the Treasury to block property of persons obstructing 
democratization in Haiti, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12932, Oct. 14, 
1994, 59 F.R. 52403, set out below.

                        Executive Order No. 12914

    Ex. Ord. No. 12914, May 7, 1994, 59 F.R. 24339, which directed 
Secretary of the Treasury to block all funds and financial resources of 
officers and employees of Haitian military, including police, and of all 
major participants in coup d'etat in Haiti of 1991 and in illegal 
governments that followed, and which prohibited air travel between 
United States territory and Haiti except regularly scheduled commercial 
passenger flights, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12932, Oct. 14, 1994, 59 
F.R. 52403, set out below.

                        Executive Order No. 12917

    Ex. Ord. No. 12917, May 21, 1994, 59 F.R. 26925, which prohibited 
imports into United States from Haiti and activity by United States 
persons or in United States promoting or dealing in Haitian exports, 
with certain exceptions, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12932, Oct. 14, 
1994, 59 F.R. 52403, set out below.

                        Executive Order No. 12920

    Ex. Ord. No. 12920, June 10, 1994, 59 F.R. 30501, which prohibited 
payment or transfer of funds or other financial or investment assets or 
credits to Haiti from or through United States or from Haiti to or 
through United States and the sale, supply, or exportation of goods, 
technology, or services to Haiti or promotion of such activity, with 
certain exceptions, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12932, Oct. 14, 1994, 59 
F.R. 52403, set out below.

                        Executive Order No. 12922

    Ex. Ord. No. 12922, June 21, 1994, 59 F.R. 32645, which directed 
Secretary of the Treasury to block property and interests in property of 
Haitian national residents in Haiti and to continue blocking property of 
certain other persons that were in United States or within possession 
and control of United States persons, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12932, 
Oct. 14, 1994, 59 F.R. 52403, set out below.

                        Executive Order No. 12923

    Ex. Ord. No. 12923, June 30, 1994, 59 F.R. 34551, which continued 
effectiveness of the Export Administration Act of 1979, 50 App. U.S.C. 
2401 et seq., and of the orders, rules and regulations promulgated 
thereunder, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12924, Sec. 4, Aug. 19, 1994, 59 
F.R. 43438, set out below.

     Ex. Ord. No. 12924. Continuation of Export Control Regulations

    Ex. Ord. No. 12924, Aug. 19, 1994, 59 F.R. 43437, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
the laws of the United States of America, including but not limited to 
section 203 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (``Act'') 
(50 U.S.C. 1702), I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States 
of America, find that the unrestricted access of foreign parties to U.S. 
goods, technology, and technical data and the existence of certain 
boycott practices of foreign nations, in light of the expiration of the 
Export Administration Act of 1979, as amended (50 U.S.C. App. 2401 et 
seq.), constitute an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national 
security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States and hereby 
declare a national emergency with respect to that threat.
    Accordingly, in order (a) to exercise the necessary vigilance over 
exports and activities affecting the national security of the United 
States; (b) to further significantly the foreign policy of the United 
States, including its policy with respect to cooperation by U.S. persons 
with certain foreign boycott activities, and to fulfill its 
international responsibilities; and (c) to protect the domestic economy 
from the excessive drain of scarce materials and reduce the serious 
economic impact of foreign demand, it is hereby ordered as follows:
    Section 1. To the extent permitted by law, the provisions of the 
Export Administration Act of 1979, as amended, and the provisions for 
administration of the Export Administration Act of 1979, as amended, 
shall be carried out under this order so as to continue in full force 
and effect and amend, as necessary, the export control system heretofore 
maintained by the Export Administration regulations issued under the 
Export Administration Act of 1979, as amended. The delegations of 
authority set forth in Executive Order No. 12002 of July 7, 1977 [50 
App. U.S.C. 2403 note], as amended by Executive Order No. 12755 of March 
12, 1991; Executive Order No. 12214 of May 2, 1980 [50 App. U.S.C. 2403 
note]; Executive Order No. 12735 of November 16, 1990; and Executive 
Order No. 12851 of June 11, 1993 [22 U.S.C. 2797 note], shall be 
incorporated in this order and shall apply to the exercise of 
authorities under this order.
    Sec. 2. All rules and regulations issued or continued in effect by 
the Secretary of Commerce under the authority of the Export 
Administration Act of 1979, as amended [50 App. U.S.C. 2401 et seq.], 
including those published in Title 15, Subtitle B, Chapter VII, 
Subchapter C, of the Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 768 through 799, 
and all orders, regulations, licenses, and other forms of administrative 
action issued, taken, or continued in effect pursuant thereto, shall, 
until amended or revoked by the Secretary of Commerce, remain in full 
force and effect as if issued or taken pursuant to this order, except 
that the provisions of sections 203(b)(2) and 206 of the Act (50 U.S.C. 
1702(b)(2) and 1705) shall control over any inconsistent provisions in 
the regulations. Nothing in this section shall affect the continued 
applicability of administrative sanctions provided for by the 
regulations described above.
    Sec. 3. Provisions for administration of section 38(e) of the Arms 
Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778(e)) may be made and shall continue in 
full force and effect until amended or revoked under the authority of 
section 203 of the Act (50 U.S.C. 1702). To the extent permitted by law, 
this order also shall constitute authority for the issuance and 
continuation in full force and effect of all rules and regulations by 
the President or his delegate, and all orders, licenses, and other forms 
of administrative actions issued, taken, or continued in effect pursuant 
thereto, relating to the administration of section 38(e).
    Sec. 4. Executive Order No. 12923 of June 30, 1994, is revoked, and 
that declaration of emergency is rescinded. The revocation of Executive 
Order No. 12923 shall not affect any violation of any rules, 
regulations, orders, licenses, and other forms of administrative action 
under that order that occurred during the period the order was in 
effect.
    Sec. 5. This order shall be effective as of midnight between August 
20, 1994, and August 21, 1994, and shall remain in effect until 
terminated.
                                                     William J. Clinton.

    Continuation of National Emergency Declared by Ex. Ord. No. 12924

    Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 10, 1999, 64 
F.R. 44101, provided:
    On August 19, 1994, consistent with the authority provided me under 
the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et 
seq.), I issued Executive Order 12924 [set out above]. In that order, I 
declared a national emergency with respect to the unusual and 
extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy, and 
economy of the United States in light of the expiration of the Export 
Administration Act of 1979, as amended (50 U.S.C. App. 2401 et seq.). 
Because the Export Administration Act has not been renewed by the 
Congress, the national emergency declared on August 19, 1994, must 
continue in effect beyond August 19, 1999. Therefore, in accordance with 
section 202(d) of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)), I am 
continuing the national emergency declared in Executive Order 12924.
    This notice shall be published in the Federal Register and 
transmitted to the Congress.
                                                     William J. Clinton.

    Prior continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 
12924 were contained in the following:
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 13, 1998, 63 
F.R. 44121.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 13, 1997, 62 
F.R. 43629.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 14, 1996, 61 
F.R. 42527.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 15, 1995, 60 
F.R. 42767.

                        Executive Order No. 12930

    Ex. Ord. No. 12930, Sept. 29, 1994, 59 F.R. 50475, which directed 
Secretary of Commerce to take measures to restrict participation by 
United States persons in weapons proliferation activities, was revoked 
by Ex. Ord. No. 12938, Sec. 10, Nov. 14, 1994, 59 F.R. 59099, set out 
below.

   Ex. Ord. No. 12932. Termination of Emergency With Respect to Haiti

    Ex. Ord. No. 12932, Oct. 14, 1994, 59 F.R. 52403, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
laws of the United States of America, including the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), the National 
Emergencies Act (``NEA'') (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), section 5 of the 
United Nations Participation Act of 1945, as amended (22 U.S.C. 287c), 
and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, and taking into 
consideration United Nations Security Council Resolution 944 of 
September 29, 1994,
    I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of America, 
find that the restoration of a democratically elected government in 
Haiti has ended the unusual and extraordinary threat to the national 
security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States previously 
posed by the policies and actions of the de facto regime in Haiti and 
the need to continue the national emergency declared in Executive Order 
No. 12775 of October 4, 1991, to deal with that threat.
    I hereby revoke Executive Order Nos. 12775, 12779, 12853, 12872, 
12914, 12917, 12920, and 12922 and terminate the national emergency 
declared in Executive Order No. 12775 with respect to Haiti.
    Pursuant to section 202 of the NEA (50 U.S.C. 1622), termination of 
the national emergency with respect to Haiti shall not affect any action 
taken or proceeding pending not finally concluded or determined as of 
the effective date of this order, or any action or proceeding based on 
any act committed prior to the effective date of this order, or any 
rights or duties that matured or penalties that were incurred prior to 
the effective date of this order.
    This order shall take effect at 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight time on 
October 16, 1994.
                                                     William J. Clinton.

   Ex. Ord. No. 12934. Blocking Property and Additional Measures With 
   Respect to Bosnian Serb-Controlled Areas of Republic of Bosnia and 
                               Herzegovina

    Ex. Ord. No. 12934, Oct. 25, 1994, 59 F.R. 54117, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
the laws of the United States of America, including the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), the National 
Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), section 5 of the United 
Nations Participation Act of 1945, as amended (22 U.S.C. 287c), and 
section 301 of title 3, United States Code, in view of United Nations 
Security Council Resolution 942 of September 23, 1994, and in order to 
take additional steps with respect to the crisis in the former 
Yugoslavia, I hereby expand the scope of the national emergency declared 
in Executive Order No. 12808 [set out above] to address the unusual and 
extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy, and 
economy of the United States posed by the actions and policies of the 
Bosnian Serb forces and the authorities in the territory that they 
control, including their refusal to accept the proposed territorial 
settlement of the conflict in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
    I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of America, 
hereby order:
    Section 1. Notwithstanding the existence of any rights or 
obligations conferred or imposed by any international agreement or any 
contract entered into or any license or permit granted before the 
effective date of this order, except to the extent provided in 
regulations, orders, directives, or licenses, which may hereafter be 
issued pursuant to this order, all property and interests in property 
of: (a) the Bosnian Serb military and paramilitary forces and the 
authorities in those areas of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina 
under the control of those forces;
    (b) any entity, including any commercial, industrial, or public 
utility undertaking, organized or located in those areas of the Republic 
of Bosnia and Herzegovina under the control of Bosnian Serb forces;
    (c) any entity, wherever organized or located, which is owned or 
controlled directly or indirectly by any person in, or resident in, 
those areas of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina under the control 
of Bosnian Serb forces;
    (d) any person acting for or on behalf of any person included within 
the scope of paragraph (a), (b), or (c) of this section; that are in the 
United States, that hereafter come within the United States, or that are 
or hereafter come within the possession or control of United States 
persons, including their overseas branches, are blocked.
    Sec. 2. Notwithstanding the existence of any rights or obligations 
conferred or imposed by any international agreement or any contract 
entered into or any license or permit granted before the effective date 
of this order, except to the extent provided in regulations, orders, 
directives, or licenses, which may hereafter be issued pursuant to this 
order: (a) the provision or exportation of services to those areas of 
the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina under the control of Bosnian Serb 
forces, or to any person for the purpose of any business carried on in 
those areas, either from the United States or by a United States person, 
is prohibited; and
    (b) no vessel registered in the United States or owned or controlled 
by a United States person, other than a United States naval vessel, may 
enter the riverine ports of those areas of the Republic of Bosnia and 
Herzegovina under the control of Bosnian Serb forces.
    Sec. 3. Any transaction by any United States person that evades or 
avoids, or has the purpose of evading or avoiding, or attempts to 
violate, any of the prohibitions set forth in this order is prohibited.
    Sec. 4. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the 
Secretary of State, is hereby authorized to take such actions, including 
the promulgation of rules and regulations, and to employ all powers 
granted to me by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act [50 
U.S.C. 1701 et seq.] and the United Nations Participation Act of 1945 
[22 U.S.C. 287 et seq.], as amended, as may be necessary to carry out 
the purposes of this order. The Secretary of the Treasury may redelegate 
the authority set forth in this order to other officers and agencies of 
the United States Government, all agencies of which are hereby directed 
to take all appropriate measures within their authority to carry out the 
provisions of this order, including suspension or termination of 
licenses or other authorizations in effect as of the date of this order.
    Sec. 5. Nothing in this order shall apply to activities related to 
the United Nations Protection Force, the International Conference on the 
Former Yugoslavia, or the European Community Monitoring Missions.
    Sec. 6. For the purposes of this order:
    (a) The term ``person'' means an individual or entity;
    (b) The term ``entity'' means a corporation, partnership, 
association, or other organization;
    (c) The term ``United States person'' is as defined in section 5 of 
Executive Order No. 12810 [set out above].
    Sec. 7. Nothing contained in this order shall create any right or 
benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable by any party against the 
United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or 
employees, or any other person.
    Sec. 8 (a) This order shall take effect at 11:59 p.m. eastern 
daylight time on October 25, 1994.
    (b) This order shall be transmitted to the Congress and published in 
the Federal Register.
                                                     William J. Clinton.

    Ex. Ord. No. 12938. Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction

    Ex. Ord. No. 12938, Nov. 14, 1994, 59 F.R. 59099, as amended by Ex. 
Ord. No. 13094, Sec. 1, July 28, 1998, 63 F.R. 40803; Ex. Ord. No. 
13128, June 25, 1999, 64 F.R. 34704, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
the laws of the United States of America, including the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), the National 
Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), the Arms Export Control Act, 
as amended (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.), Executive Orders Nos. 12851 [22 
U.S.C. 2797 note] and 12924 [set out above], and section 301 of title 3, 
United States Code,
    I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of America, 
find that the proliferation of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons 
(``weapons of mass destruction'') and of the means of delivering such 
weapons, constitutes an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national 
security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States, and hereby 
declare a national emergency to deal with that threat.
    Accordingly, I hereby order:
    Section 1. International Negotiations. It is the policy of the 
United States to lead and seek multilaterally coordinated efforts with 
other countries to control the proliferation of weapons of mass 
destruction and the means of delivering such weapons. Accordingly, the 
Secretary of State shall cooperate in and lead multilateral efforts to 
stop the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their means of 
delivery.
    Sec. 2. Imposition of Controls. As provided herein, the Secretary of 
State and the Secretary of Commerce shall use their respective 
authorities, including the Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 2751 et 
seq.] and the International Emergency Economic Powers Act [50 U.S.C. 
1701 et seq.], to control any exports, to the extent they are not 
already controlled by the Department of Energy and the Nuclear 
Regulatory Commission, that either Secretary determines would assist a 
country in acquiring the capability to develop, produce, stockpile, 
deliver, or use weapons of mass destruction or their means of delivery. 
The Secretary of State shall pursue early negotiations with foreign 
governments to adopt effective measures comparable to those imposed 
under this order.
    Sec. 3. Department of Commerce Controls. (a) The Secretary of 
Commerce shall prohibit the export of any goods, technology, or services 
subject to the Secretary's export jurisdiction that the Secretary of 
Commerce determines, in consultation with the Secretary of State, the 
Secretary of Defense, and other appropriate officials, would assist a 
foreign country in acquiring the capability to develop, produce, 
stockpile, deliver, or use weapons of mass destruction or their means of 
delivery. The Secretary of State shall pursue early negotiations with 
foreign governments to adopt effective measures comparable to those 
imposed under this section.
    (b) Subsection (a) of this section will not apply to exports 
relating to a particular category of weapons of mass destruction (i.e., 
nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons) if their destination is a 
country with whose government the United States has entered into a 
bilateral or multilateral arrangement for the control of that category 
of weapons of mass destruction-related goods (including delivery 
systems) and technology, or maintains domestic export controls 
comparable to controls that are imposed by the United States with 
respect to that category of goods and technology, or that are otherwise 
deemed adequate by the Secretary of State.
    (c) The Secretary of Commerce shall require validated licenses to 
implement this order and shall coordinate any license applications with 
the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense.
    (d) The Secretary of Commerce, in consultation with the Secretary of 
State, shall take such actions, including the promulgation of rules, 
regulations, and amendments thereto, as may be necessary to continue to 
regulate the activities of United States persons in order to prevent 
their participation in activities that could contribute to the 
proliferation of weapons of mass destruction or their means of delivery, 
as provided in the Export Administration Regulations, set forth in Title 
15, Chapter VII, Subchapter C, of the Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 
768 to 799 inclusive.
    (e) the Secretary of Commerce shall impose and enforce such 
restrictions on the importation of chemicals into the United States as 
may be necessary to carry out the requirements of the Convention on the 
Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of 
Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction.
    Sec. 4. Measures Against Foreign Persons.
    (a) Determination by Secretary of State; Imposition of Measures. 
Except to the extent provided in section 203(b) of the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702(b)), where applicable, if 
the Secretary of State determines that a foreign person, on or after 
November 16, 1990, the effective date of Executive Order 12735, the 
predecessor order to Executive Order 12938, has materially contributed 
or attempted to contribute materially to the efforts of any foreign 
country, project, or entity of proliferation concern to use, acquire, 
design, develop, produce, or stockpile weapons of mass destruction or 
missiles capable of delivering such weapons, the measures set forth in 
subsections (b), (c), and (d) of this section shall be imposed on that 
foreign person to the extent determined by the Secretary of State in 
consultation with the implementing agency and other relevant agencies. 
Nothing in this section is intended to preclude the imposition on that 
foreign person of other measures or sanctions available under this order 
or under other authorities.
    (b) Procurement Ban. No department or agency of the United States 
Government may procure, or enter into any contract for the procurement 
of, any goods, technology, or services from any foreign person described 
in subsection (a) of this section.
    (c) Assistance Ban. No department or agency of the United States 
Government may provide any assistance to any foreign person described in 
subsection (a) of this section, and no such foreign person shall be 
eligible to participate in any assistance program of the United States 
Government.
    (d) Import Ban. The Secretary of the Treasury shall prohibit the 
importation into the United States of goods, technology, or services 
produced or provided by any foreign person described in subsection (a) 
of this section, other than information or informational materials 
within the meaning of section 203(b)(3) of the International Emergency 
Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702(b)(3)).
    (e) Termination. Measures pursuant to this section may be terminated 
against a foreign person if the Secretary of State determines that there 
is reliable evidence that such foreign person has ceased all activities 
referred to in subsection (a) of this section.
    (f) Exceptions. Departments and agencies of the United States 
Government, acting in consultation with the Secretary of State, may, by 
license, regulation, order, directive, exception, or otherwise, provide 
for:
        (i) Procurement contracts necessary to meet U.S. operational 
    military requirements or requirements under defense production 
    agreements; intelligence requirements; sole source suppliers, spare 
    parts, components, routine servicing and maintenance of products for 
    the United States Government; and medical and humanitarian items; 
    and
        (ii) Performance pursuant to contracts in force on the effective 
    date of this order under appropriate circumstances.
    Sec. 5. Sanctions Against Foreign Countries. (a) In addition to the 
sanctions imposed on foreign countries as provided in the Chemical and 
Biological Weapons Control and Warfare Elimination Act of 1991 [22 
U.S.C. 5601 et seq.], sanctions also shall be imposed on a foreign 
country as specified in subsection (b) of this section, if the Secretary 
of State determines that the foreign country has, on or after the 
effective date of this order or its predecessor, Executive Order No. 
12735 of November 16, 1990, (1) used chemical or biological weapons in 
violation of international law; (2) made substantial preparations to use 
chemical or biological weapons in violation of international law; or (3) 
developed, produced, stockpiled, or otherwise acquired chemical or 
biological weapons in violation of international law.
    (b) The following sanctions shall be imposed on any foreign country 
identified in subsection (a)(1) of this section unless the Secretary of 
State determines, on grounds of significant foreign policy or national 
security, that any individual sanction should not be applied. The 
sanctions specified in this section may be made applicable to the 
countries identified in subsections (a)(2) or (a)(3) when the Secretary 
of State determines that such action will further the objectives of this 
order pertaining to proliferation. The sanctions specified in subsection 
(b)(2) below shall be imposed with the concurrence of the Secretary of 
the Treasury.
    (1) Foreign Assistance. No assistance shall be provided to that 
country under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2151 et 
seq.], or any successor act, or the Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 
2751 et seq.], other than assistance that is intended to benefit the 
people of that country directly and that is not channeled through 
governmental agencies or entities of that country.
    (2) Multilateral Development Bank Assistance. The United States 
shall oppose any loan or financial or technical assistance to that 
country by international financial institutions in accordance with 
section 701 of the International Financial Institutions Act (22 U.S.C. 
262d).
    (3) Denial of Credit or Other Financial Assistance. The United 
States shall deny to that country any credit or financial assistance by 
any department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States 
Government.
    (4) Prohibition of Arms Sales. The United States Government shall 
not, under the Arms Export Control Act, sell to that country any defense 
articles or defense services or issue any license for the export of 
items on the United States Munitions List.
    (5) Exports of National Security-Sensitive Goods and Technology. No 
exports shall be permitted of any goods or technologies controlled for 
national security reasons under the Export Administration Regulations.
    (6) Further Export Restrictions. The Secretary of Commerce shall 
prohibit or otherwise substantially restrict exports to that country of 
goods, technology, and services (excluding agricultural commodities and 
products otherwise subject to control).
    (7) Import Restrictions. Restrictions shall be imposed on the 
importation into the United States of articles (that may include 
petroleum or any petroleum product) that are the growth, product, or 
manufacture of that country.
    (8) Landing Rights. At the earliest practicable date, the Secretary 
of State shall terminate, in a manner consistent with international law, 
the authority of any air carrier that is controlled in fact by the 
government of that country to engage in air transportation (as defined 
in section 101(10) of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 (49 U.S.C. App. 
1301(10) [see 49 U.S.C. 40102(5)]).
    Sec. 6. Duration. Any sanctions imposed pursuant to sections 4 or 5 
of this order shall remain in force until the Secretary of State 
determines that lifting any sanction is in the foreign policy or 
national security interests of the United States or, as to sanctions 
under section 4 of this order, until the Secretary has made the 
determination under section 4(e).
    Sec. 7. Implementation. The Secretary of State, the Secretary of the 
Treasury, and the Secretary of Commerce are hereby authorized and 
directed to take such actions, including the promulgation of rules and 
regulations, as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this 
order. These actions, and in particular those in sections 4 and 5 of 
this order, shall be made in consultation with the Secretary of Defense 
and, as appropriate, other agency heads and shall be implemented in 
accordance with procedures established pursuant to Executive Order No. 
12851 [22 U.S.C. 2797 note]. The Secretary concerned may redelegate any 
of these functions to other officers in agencies of the Federal 
Government. All heads of departments and agencies of the United States 
Government are directed to take all appropriate measures within their 
authority to carry out the provisions of this order, including the 
suspension or termination of licenses or other authorizations.
    Sec. 8. Preservation of Authorities. Nothing in this order is 
intended to affect the continued effectiveness of any rules, 
regulations, orders, licenses, or other forms of administrative action 
issued, taken, or continued in effect heretofore or hereafter under the 
authority of the International Economic Emergency Powers Act 
[International Emergency Economic Powers Act, 50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.], 
the Export Administration Act [50 App. U.S.C. 2401 et seq.], the Arms 
Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.], the Nuclear Non-
proliferation Act [22 U.S.C. 3201 et seq.], Executive Order No. 12730 of 
September 30, 1990 [50 U.S.C. 1701 note], Executive Order No. 12735 of 
November 16, 1990, Executive Order No. 12924 of August 18, 1994 [50 
U.S.C. 1701 note], and Executive Order No. 12930 of September 29, 1994.
    Sec. 9. Judicial Review. This order is not intended to create, nor 
does it create, any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, 
enforceable at law by a party against the United States, its agencies, 
officers, or any other person.
    Sec. 10. Revocation of Executive Orders Nos. 12735 and 12930. 
Executive Order No. 12735 of November 16, 1990, and Executive Order No. 
12930 of September 29, 1994, are hereby revoked.
    Sec. 11. Effective Date. This order is effective immediately.
    This order shall be transmitted to the Congress and published in the 
Federal Register.
                                                     William J. Clinton.

    Continuation of National Emergency Declared by Ex. Ord. No. 12938

    Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 10, 1999, 64 
F.R. 61767, provided:
    On November 14, 1994, by Executive Order 12938 [set out above], I 
declared a national emergency with respect to the unusual and 
extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy, and 
economy of the United States posed by the proliferation of nuclear, 
biological, and chemical weapons (``weapons of mass destruction'') and 
the means of delivering such weapons. Because the proliferation of 
weapons of mass destruction and the means of delivering them continues 
to pose an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, 
foreign policy, and economy of the United States, the national emergency 
first declared on November 14, 1994, and extended on November 14, 1995, 
November 12, 1996, November 13, 1997, and November 12, 1998, must 
continue in effect beyond November 14, 1999. Therefore, in accordance 
with section 202(d) of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)), 
I am continuing the national emergency declared in Executive Order 
12938.
    This notice shall be published in the Federal Register and 
transmitted to the Congress.
                                                     William J. Clinton.

    Prior continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 
12938 were contained in the following:
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 12, 1998, 63 
F.R. 63589.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 12, 1997, 62 
F.R. 60993.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 12, 1996, 61 
F.R. 58309.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 8, 1995, 60 
F.R. 57137.

    Ex. Ord. No. 12947. Prohibiting Transactions With Terrorists Who 
              Threaten To Disrupt Middle East Peace Process

    Ex. Ord. No. 12947, Jan. 23, 1995, 60 F.R. 5079, as amended by Ex. 
Ord. No. 13099, Secs. 1, 2, Aug. 20, 1998, 63 F.R. 45167, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
the laws of the United States of America, including the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (IEEPA), the 
National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), and section 301 of 
title 3, United States Code,
    I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of America, 
find that grave acts of violence committed by foreign terrorists that 
disrupt the Middle East peace process constitute an unusual and 
extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy, and 
economy of the United States, and hereby declare a national emergency to 
deal with that threat.
    I hereby order:
    Section 1. Except to the extent provided in section 203(b)(3) and 
(4) of IEEPA (50 U.S.C. 1702(b)(3) and (4)) and in regulations, orders, 
directives, or licenses that may be issued pursuant to this order, and 
notwithstanding any contract entered into or any license or permit 
granted prior to the effective date: (a) all property and interests in 
property of:
        (i) the persons listed in the Annex to this order;
        (ii) foreign persons designated by the Secretary of State, in 
    coordination with the Secretary of the Treasury and the Attorney 
    General, because they are found:
        (A) to have committed, or to pose a significant risk of 
    committing, acts of violence that have the purpose or effect of 
    disrupting the Middle East peace process, or
        (B) to assist in, sponsor, or provide financial, material, or 
    technological support for, or services in support of, such acts of 
    violence; and
        (iii) persons determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, in 
    coordination with the Secretary of State and the Attorney General, 
    to be owned or controlled by, or to act for or on behalf of, any of 
    the foregoing persons, that are in the United States, that hereafter 
    come within the United States, or that hereafter come within the 
    possession or control of United States persons, are blocked;
    (b) any transaction or dealing by United States persons or within 
the United States in property or interests in property of the persons 
designated in or pursuant to this order is prohibited, including the 
making or receiving of any contribution of funds, goods, or services to 
or for the benefit of such persons;
    (c) any transaction by any United States person or within the United 
States that evades or avoids, or has the purpose of evading or avoiding, 
or attempts to violate, any of the prohibitions set forth in this order, 
is prohibited.
    Sec. 2. For the purposes of this order: (a) the term ``person'' 
means an individual or entity;
    (b) the term ``entity'' means a partnership, association, 
corporation, or other organization, group, or subgroup;
    (c) the term ``United States person'' means any United States 
citizen, permanent resident alien, entity organized under the laws of 
the United States (including foreign branches), or any person in the 
United States; and
    (d) the term ``foreign person'' means any citizen or national of a 
foreign state (including any such individual who is also a citizen or 
national of the United States) or any entity not organized solely under 
the laws of the United States or existing solely in the United States, 
but does not include a foreign state.
    Sec. 3. I hereby determine that the making of donations of the type 
specified in section 203(b)(2)(A) of IEEPA (50 U.S.C. 1702(b)(2)(A)) by 
United States persons to persons designated in or pursuant to this order 
would seriously impair my ability to deal with the national emergency 
declared in this order, and hereby prohibit such donations as provided 
by section 1 of this order.
    Sec. 4. (a) The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the 
Secretary of State and, as appropriate, the Attorney General, is hereby 
authorized to take such actions, including the promulgation of rules and 
regulations, and to employ all powers granted to me by IEEPA as may be 
necessary to carry out the purposes of this order. The Secretary of the 
Treasury may redelegate any of these functions to other officers and 
agencies of the United States Government. All agencies of the United 
States Government are hereby directed to take all appropriate measures 
within their authority to carry out the provisions of this order.
    (b) Any investigation emanating from a possible violation of this 
order, or of any license, order, or regulation issued pursuant to this 
order, shall first be coordinated with the Federal Bureau of 
Investigation (FBI), and any matter involving evidence of a criminal 
violation shall be referred to the FBI for further investigation. The 
FBI shall timely notify the Department of the Treasury of any action it 
takes on such referrals.
    Sec. 5. Nothing contained in this order shall create any right or 
benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable by any party against the 
United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or 
employees, or any other person.
    Sec. 6. (a) This order is effective at 12:01 a.m., eastern standard 
time on January 24, 1995.
    (b) This order shall be transmitted to the Congress and published in 
the Federal Register.
                                                     William J. Clinton.

                              ANNEX

Terrorists Who Threaten To Disrupt the Middle East Peace Process

    Abu Hafs al-Masri
    Abu Nidal Organization (ANO)
    Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP)
    Hizballah
    Islamic Army (a.k.a. Al-Qaida, Islamic Salvation Foundation, The 
Islamic Army for the Liberation of the Holy Places, The World Islamic 
Front for Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders, and The Group for the 
Preservation of the Holy Sites)
    Islamic Gama'at (IG)
    Islamic Resistance Movement (HAMAS)
    Jihad
    Kach
    Kahane Chai
    Palestinian Islamic Jihad-Shiqaqi faction (PIJ)
    Palestine Liberation Front-Abu Abbas faction (PLF-Abu Abbas)
    Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP)
    Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command (PFLP-
GC)
    Rifa'i Ahmad Taha Musa
    Usama bin Muhammad bin Awad bin Ladin (a.k.a. Usama bin Ladin)

    Continuation of National Emergency Declared by Ex. Ord. No. 12947

    Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 19, 2000, 65 
F.R. 3581, provided:
    On January 23, 1995, by Executive Order 12947 [set out above], I 
declared a national emergency to deal with the unusual and extraordinary 
threat to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the 
United States constituted by grave acts of violence committed by foreign 
terrorists that disrupt the Middle East peace process. By Executive 
Order 12947 of January 23, 1995, I blocked the assets in the United 
States, or in the control of United States persons, of foreign 
terrorists who threaten to disrupt the Middle East peace process. I also 
prohibited transactions or dealings by United States persons in such 
property. On August 20, 1998, by Executive Order 13099 [set out below], 
I identified four additional persons, including Usama bin Ladin, who 
threaten to disrupt the Middle East peace process. I have annually 
transmitted notices of the continuation of this national emergency to 
the Congress and the Federal Register. Last year's notice of 
continuation was published in the Federal Register on January 22, 1999. 
Because terrorist activities continue to threaten the Middle East peace 
process and vital interests of the United States in the Middle East, the 
national emergency declared on January 23, 1995, and the measures that 
took effect on January 24, 1995, to deal with that emergency must 
continue in effect beyond January 23, 2000. Therefore, in accordance 
with section 202(d) of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)), 
I am continuing the national emergency with respect to foreign 
terrorists who threaten to disrupt the Middle East peace process.
    This notice shall be published in the Federal Register and 
transmitted to the Congress.
                                                     William J. Clinton.

    Prior continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 
12947 were contained in the following:
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 20, 1999, 64 
F.R. 3393.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 21, 1998, 63 
F.R. 3445.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 21, 1997, 62 
F.R. 3439.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 18, 1996, 61 
F.R. 1695.

  Ex. Ord. No. 12957. Prohibiting Certain Transactions With Respect to 
               Development of Iranian Petroleum Resources

    Ex. Ord. No. 12957, Mar. 15, 1995, 60 F.R. 14615, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
the laws of the United States of America, including the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), the National 
Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), and section 301 of title 3, 
United States Code,
    I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of America, 
find that the actions and policies of the Government of Iran constitute 
an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign 
policy, and economy of the United States, and hereby declare a national 
emergency to deal with that threat.
    I hereby order:
    Section 1. The following are prohibited, except to the extent 
provided in regulations, orders, directives, or licenses that may be 
issued pursuant to this order, and notwithstanding any contract entered 
into or any license or permit granted prior to the effective date of 
this order: (a) the entry into or performance by a United States person, 
or the approval by a United States person of the entry into or 
performance by an entity owned or controlled by a United States person, 
of (i) a contract that includes overall supervision and management 
responsibility for the development of petroleum resources located in 
Iran, or (ii) a guaranty of another person's performance under such a 
contract;
    (b) the entry into or performance by a United States person, or the 
approval by a United States person of the entry into or performance by 
an entity owned or controlled by a United States person, of (i) a 
contract for the financing of the development of petroleum resources 
located in Iran, or (ii) a guaranty of another person's performance 
under such a contract; and
    (c) any transaction by any United States person or within the United 
States that evades or avoids, or has the purpose of evading or avoiding, 
or attempts to violate, any of the prohibitions set forth in this order.
    Sec. 2. For the purposes of this order: (a) The term ``person'' 
means an individual or entity;
    (b) The term ``entity'' means a partnership, association, trust, 
joint venture, corporation, or other organization;
    (c) The term ``United States person'' means any United States 
citizen, permanent resident alien, entity organized under the laws of 
the United States (including foreign branches), or any person in the 
United States; and
    (d) The term ``Iran'' means the land territory claimed by Iran and 
any other area over which Iran claims sovereignty, sovereign rights or 
jurisdiction, including the territorial sea, exclusive economic zone, 
and continental shelf claimed by Iran.
    Sec. 3. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the 
Secretary of State, is hereby authorized to take such actions, including 
the promulgation of rules and regulations, and to employ all powers 
granted to me by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act as may 
be necessary to carry out the purposes of this order. The Secretary of 
the Treasury may redelegate any of these functions to other officers and 
agencies of the United States Government. All agencies of the United 
States Government are hereby directed to take all appropriate measures 
within their authority to carry out the provisions of this order.
    Sec. 4. Nothing contained in this order shall create any right or 
benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable by any party against the 
United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or 
employees, or any other person.
    Sec. 5. (a) This order is effective at 12:01 a.m., eastern standard 
time, on March 16, 1995.
    (b) This order shall be transmitted to the Congress and published in 
the Federal Register.
                                                     William J. Clinton.

    [Sections 1 and 2 of Ex. Ord. No. 12957 were revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 
12959, Sec. 5, May 6, 1995, 60 F.R. 24758, set out below, to the extent 
inconsistent with Ex. Ord. No. 12959.]

    Continuation of National Emergency Declared by Ex. Ord. No. 12957

    Notice of President of the United States, dated Mar. 10, 1999, 64 
F.R. 12239, provided:
    On March 15, 1995, by Executive Order 12957 [set out above], I 
declared a national emergency with respect to Iran pursuant to the 
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701-1706) to 
deal with the threat to the national security, foreign policy, and 
economy of the United States constituted by the actions and policies of 
the Government of Iran, including its support for international 
terrorism, efforts to undermine the Middle East peace process, and 
acquisition of weapons of mass destruction and the means to deliver 
them. On May 6, 1995, I issued Executive Order 12959 [set out below] 
imposing more comprehensive sanctions to further respond to this threat, 
and on August 19, 1997, I issued Executive Order 13059 [set out below] 
consolidating and clarifying these previous orders. The last notice of 
continuation was published in the Federal Register on March 6, 1998.
    Because the actions and policies of the Government of Iran continue 
to threaten the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the 
United States, the national emergency declared on March 15, 1995, must 
continue in effect beyond March 15, 1999. Therefore, in accordance with 
section 202(d) of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)), I am 
continuing the national emergency with respect to Iran. Because the 
emergency declared by Executive Order 12957 constitutes an emergency 
separate from that declared on November 14, 1979, by Executive Order 
12170 [set out above], this renewal is distinct from the emergency 
renewal of November 1998. This notice shall be published in the Federal 
Register and transmitted to the Congress.
                                                     William J. Clinton.

    Prior continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 
12957 were contained in the following:
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Mar. 4, 1998, 63 
F.R. 11099.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Mar. 5, 1997, 62 
F.R. 10409.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Mar. 8, 1996, 61 
F.R. 9897.

  Ex. Ord. No. 12959. Prohibiting Certain Transactions With Respect to 
                                  Iran

    Ex. Ord. No. 12959, May 6, 1995, 60 F.R. 24757, as amended by Ex. 
Ord. No. 13059, Sec. 7, Aug. 19, 1997, 62 F.R. 44533, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
the laws of the United States of America, including the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (IEEPA), the 
National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), section 505 of the 
International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 (22 
U.S.C. 2349aa-9) (ISDCA), and section 301 of title 3, United States 
Code,
    I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of America, in 
order to take steps with respect to Iran in addition to those set forth 
in Executive Order No. 12957 of March 15, 1995 [set out above], to deal 
with the unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, 
foreign policy, and economy of the United States referred to in that 
order, hereby order:
    Section 1. The following are prohibited, except to the extent 
provided in regulations, orders, directives, or licenses that may be 
issued pursuant to this order, and notwithstanding any contract entered 
into or any license or permit granted prior to the effective date of 
this order:
    [(a) to (d) Revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13059, Sec. 7, Aug. 19, 1997, 62 
F.R. 44533, set out below.]
    (e) any new investment by a United States person in Iran or in 
property (including entities) owned or controlled by the Government of 
Iran;
    [(f) Revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13059, Sec. 7, Aug. 19, 1997, 62 F.R. 
44533, set out below.]
    (g) any transaction by any United States person or within the United 
States that evades or avoids, or has the purpose of evading or avoiding, 
or attempts to violate, any of the prohibitions set forth in this order.
    Sec. 2. For the purposes of this order:
    (a) the term ``person'' means an individual or entity;
    (b) the term ``entity'' means a partnership, association, trust, 
joint venture, corporation, or other organization;
    (c) the term ``United States person'' means any United States 
citizen, permanent resident alien, entity organized under the laws of 
the United States (including foreign branches), or any person in the 
United States;
    (d) the term ``Iran'' means the territory of Iran and any other 
territory or marine area, including the exclusive economic zone and 
continental shelf, over which the Government of Iran claims sovereignty, 
sovereign rights or jurisdiction, provided that the Government of Iran 
exercises partial or total de facto control over the area or derives a 
benefit from economic activity in the area pursuant to international 
arrangements; and
    (e) the term ``new investment'' means (i) a commitment or 
contribution of funds or other assets, or (ii) a loan or other extension 
of credit.
    Sec. 3. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the 
Secretary of State, is hereby authorized to take such actions, including 
the promulgation of rules and regulations, the requirement of reports, 
including reports by United States persons on oil transactions engaged 
in by their foreign affiliates with Iran or the Government of Iran, and 
to employ all powers granted to the President by IEEPA and ISDCA [Pub. 
L. 99-83, see Short Title of 1985 Amendments note set out under section 
2151 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse] as may be necessary 
to carry out the purposes of this order. The Secretary of the Treasury 
may redelegate any of these functions to other officers and agencies of 
the United States Government. All agencies of the United States 
Government are hereby directed to take all appropriate measures within 
their authority to carry out the provisions of this order.
    Sec. 4. The Secretary of the Treasury may not authorize the 
exportation or reexportation to Iran, the Government of Iran, or an 
entity owned or controlled by the Government of Iran of any goods, 
technology, or services subject to export license application 
requirements of another agency of the United States Government, if 
authorization of the exportation or reexportation by that agency would 
be prohibited by law.
    Sec. 5. Sections 1 and 2 of Executive Order No. 12613 of October 29, 
1987 [formerly set out above], and sections 1 and 2 of Executive Order 
No. 12957 of March 15, 1995 [set out above], are hereby revoked to the 
extent inconsistent with this order. Otherwise, the provisions of this 
order supplement the provisions of Executive Orders No. 12613 and 12957.
    Sec. 6. Nothing contained in this order shall create any right or 
benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable by any party against the 
United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or 
employees, or any other person.
    Sec. 7. The measures taken pursuant to this order are in response to 
actions of the Government of Iran occurring after the conclusion of the 
1981 Algiers Accords, and are intended solely as a response to those 
later actions.
    Sec. 8. (a) This order is effective at 12:01 a.m., eastern daylight 
time, on May 7, 1995, except that (i) section 1(b), (c), and (d) of this 
order shall not apply until 12:01 a.m., eastern daylight time, on June 
6, 1995, to trade transactions under contracts in force as of the date 
of this order if such transactions are authorized pursuant to Federal 
regulations in force immediately prior to the date of this order 
(``existing trade contracts''), and (ii) letters of credit and other 
financing agreements with respect to existing trade contracts may be 
performed pursuant to their terms with respect to underlying trade 
transactions occurring prior to 12:01 a.m., eastern daylight time, on 
June 6, 1995.
    (b) This order shall be transmitted to the Congress and published in 
the Federal Register.
                                                     William J. Clinton.

 Ex. Ord. No. 12978. Blocking Assets and Prohibiting Transactions With 
                    Significant Narcotics Traffickers

    Ex. Ord. No. 12978, Oct. 21, 1995, 60 F.R. 54579, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
the laws of the United States of America, including the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (IEEPA), the 
National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), and section 301 of 
title 3, United States Code,
    I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of America, 
find that the actions of significant foreign narcotics traffickers 
centered in Colombia, and the unparalleled violence, corruption, and 
harm that they cause in the United States and abroad, constitute an 
unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign 
policy, and economy of the United States, and hereby declare a national 
emergency to deal with that threat.
    Section 1. Except to the extent provided in section 203(b) of IEEPA 
(50 U.S.C. 1702(b)) and in regulations, orders, directives, or licenses 
that may be issued pursuant to this order, and notwithstanding any 
contract entered into or any license or permit granted prior to the 
effective date, I hereby order blocked all property and interests in 
property that are or hereafter come within the United States, or that 
are or hereafter come within the possession or control of United States 
persons, of:
    (a) the foreign persons listed in the Annex to this order;
    (b) foreign persons determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, in 
consultation with the Attorney General and the Secretary of State:
        (i) to play a significant role in international narcotics 
    trafficking centered in Colombia; or
        (ii) materially to assist in, or provide financial or 
    technological support for or goods or services in support of, the 
    narcotics trafficking activities of persons designated in or 
    pursuant to this order; and
    (c) persons determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, in 
consultation with the Attorney General and the Secretary of State, to be 
owned or controlled by, or to act for or on behalf of, persons 
designated in or pursuant to this order.
    Sec. 2. Further, except to the extent provided in section 203(b) of 
IEEPA and in regulations, orders, directives, or licenses that may be 
issued pursuant to this order, and notwithstanding any contract entered 
into or any license or permit granted prior to the effective date, I 
hereby prohibit the following:
    (a) any transaction or dealing by United States persons or within 
the United States in property or interests in property of the persons 
designated in or pursuant to this order;
    (b) any transaction by any United States person or within the United 
States that evades or avoids, or has the purpose of evading or avoiding, 
or attempts to violate, any of the prohibitions set forth in this order.
    Sec. 3. For the purposes of this order:
    (a) the term ``person'' means an individual or entity;
    (b) the term ``entity'' means a partnership, association, 
corporation, or other organization, group or subgroup;
    (c) the term ``United States person'' means any United States 
citizen or national, permanent resident alien, entity organized under 
the laws of the United States (including foreign branches), or any 
person in the United States;
    (d) the term ``foreign person'' means any citizen or national of a 
foreign state (including any such individual who is also a citizen or 
national of the United States) or any entity not organized solely under 
the laws of the United States or existing solely in the United States, 
but does not include a foreign state; and
    (e) the term ``narcotics trafficking'' means any activity undertaken 
illicitly to cultivate, produce, manufacture, distribute, sell, finance 
or transport, or otherwise assist, abet, conspire, or collude with 
others in illicit activities relating to, narcotic drugs, including, but 
not limited to, cocaine.
    Sec. 4. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the 
Attorney General and the Secretary of State, is hereby authorized to 
take such actions, including the promulgation of rules and regulations, 
and to employ all powers granted to the President by IEEPA as may be 
necessary to carry out this order. The Secretary of the Treasury may 
redelegate any of these functions to other officers and agencies of the 
United States Government. All agencies of the United States Government 
are hereby directed to take all appropriate measures within their 
authority to carry out this order.
    Sec. 5. Nothing contained in this order shall create any right or 
benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable by any party against the 
United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or 
employees, or any other person.
    Sec. 6. (a) This order is effective at 12:01 a.m. Eastern Daylight 
Time on October 22, 1995.
    (b) This order shall be transmitted to the Congress and published in 
the Federal Register.
                                                     William J. Clinton.

                                  ANNEX

    Gilberto Rodriguez Orejuela
    Miguel Angel Rodriguez Orejuela
    Jose Santacruz Londono
    Helmer Herrera Buitrago

    Continuation of National Emergency Declared by Ex. Ord. No. 12978

    Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 19, 1999, 64 
F.R. 56667, provided:
    On October 21, 1995, by Executive Order 12978 [set out above], I 
declared a national emergency to deal with the unusual and extraordinary 
threat to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the 
United States constituted by the actions of significant foreign 
narcotics traffickers centered in Colombia, and the unparalleled 
violence, corruption, and harm that they cause in the United States and 
abroad. The order blocks all property and interests in property of 
foreign persons listed in an Annex to the order [see note above], as 
well as foreign persons determined to play a significant role in 
international narcotics trafficking centered in Colombia, to materially 
assist in, or provide financial or technological support for or goods or 
services in support of, the narcotics trafficking activities of persons 
designated in or pursuant to the order, or to be owned or controlled by, 
or to act for or on behalf of, persons designated in or pursuant to the 
order. The order also prohibits any transaction or dealing by United 
States persons or within the United States in such property or interests 
in property. Because the activities of significant narcotics traffickers 
centered in Colombia continue to threaten the national security, foreign 
policy, and economy of the United States and to cause unparalleled 
violence, corruption, and harm in the United States and abroad, the 
national emergency declared on October 21, 1995, and the measures 
adopted pursuant thereto to respond to that emergency, must continue in 
effect beyond October 21, 1999. Therefore, in accordance with section 
202(d) of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)), I am 
continuing the national emergency for 1 year with respect to significant 
narcotics traffickers centered in Colombia.
    This notice shall be published in the Federal Register and 
transmitted to the Congress.
                                                     William J. Clinton.

    Prior continuation of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 
12978 was contained in the following:
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 19, 1998, 63 
F.R. 56079.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 17, 1997, 62 
F.R. 54561.
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 16, 1996, 61 
F.R. 54531.

         Ex. Ord. No. 13047. Prohibiting New Investment in Burma

    Ex. Ord. No. 13047, May 20, 1997, 62 F.R. 28301, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
the laws of the United States of America, including section 570 of the 
Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs 
Appropriations Act, 1997 (Public Law 104-208) (the ``Act'') [110 Stat. 
3009-166], the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 
1701 et seq.) (IEEPA), the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et 
seq.), and section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code;
    I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of America, 
hereby determine and certify that, for purposes of section 570(b) of the 
Act, the Government of Burma has committed large-scale repression of the 
democratic opposition in Burma after September 30, 1996, and further 
determine that the actions and policies of the Government of Burma 
constitute an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security 
and foreign policy of the United States and declare a national emergency 
to deal with that threat.
    Section 1. Except to the extent provided in regulations, orders, 
directives, or licenses that may be issued in conformity with section 
570 of the Act and pursuant to this order, I hereby prohibit new 
investment in Burma by United States persons.
    Sec. 2. The following are also prohibited, except to the extent 
provided in section 203(b) of IEEPA (50 U.S.C. 1702(b)) or in 
regulations, orders, directives, or licenses that may be issued pursuant 
to this order:
    (a) any approval or other facilitation by a United States person, 
wherever located, of a transaction by a foreign person where the 
transaction would constitute new investment in Burma prohibited by this 
order if engaged in by a United States person or within the United 
States; and
    (b) any transaction by a United States person or within the United 
States that evades or avoids, or has the purpose of evading or avoiding, 
or attempts to violate, any of the prohibitions set forth in this order.
    Sec. 3. Nothing in this order shall be construed to prohibit the 
entry into, performance of, or financing of a contract to sell or 
purchase goods, services, or technology, except:
    (a) where the entry into such contract on or after the effective 
date of this order is for the general supervision and guarantee of 
another person's performance of a contract for the economic development 
of resources located in Burma; or
    (b) where such contract provides for payment, in whole or in part, 
in:
    (i) shares of ownership, including an equity interest, in the 
economic development of resources located in Burma; or
    (ii) participation in royalties, earnings, or profits in the 
economic development of resources located in Burma.
    Sec. 4. For the purposes of this order:
    (a) the term ``person'' means an individual or entity;
    (b) the term ``entity'' means a partnership, association, trust, 
joint venture, corporation, or other organization;
    (c) the term ``United States person'' means any United States 
citizen, permanent resident alien, juridical person organized under the 
laws of the United States (including foreign branches), or any person in 
the United States;
    (d) the term ``new investment'' means any of the following 
activities, if such an activity is undertaken pursuant to an agreement, 
or pursuant to the exercise of rights under such an agreement, that is 
entered into with the Government of Burma or a nongovernmental entity in 
Burma on or after the effective date of this order:
    (i) the entry into a contract that includes the economic development 
of resources located in Burma;
    (ii) the entry into a contract providing for the general supervision 
and guarantee of another person's performance of a contract that 
includes the economic development of resources located in Burma;
    (iii) the purchase of a share of ownership, including an equity 
interest, in the economic development of resources located in Burma; or
    (iv) the entry into a contract providing for the participation in 
royalties, earnings, or profits in the economic development of resources 
located in Burma, without regard to the form of the participation;
    (e) the term ``resources located in Burma'' means any resources, 
including natural, agricultural, commercial, financial, industrial, and 
human resources, located within the territory of Burma, including the 
territorial sea, or located within the exclusive economic zone or 
continental shelf of Burma;
    (f) the term ``economic development of resources located in Burma'' 
shall not be construed to include not-for-profit educational, health, or 
other humanitarian programs or activities.
    Sec. 5. I hereby delegate to the Secretary of State the functions 
vested in me under section 570(c) and (d) of the Act, to be exercised in 
consultation with the heads of other agencies of the United States 
Government as appropriate.
    Sec. 6. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the 
Secretary of State, is hereby authorized to take such actions, including 
the promulgation of rules and regulations, and to employ all powers 
granted to me by section 570(b) of the Act and by IEEPA, as may be 
necessary to carry out the purposes of this order. The Secretary of the 
Treasury may redelegate the authority set forth in this order to other 
officers and agencies of the United States Government. All agencies of 
the United States Government are hereby directed to take all appropriate 
measures within their authority to carry out the provisions of this 
order.
    Sec. 7. Nothing contained in this order shall create any right or 
benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable by any party against the 
United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or 
employees, or any other person.
    Sec. 8. (a) This order shall take effect at 12:01 a.m., eastern 
daylight time, May 21, 1997.
    (b) This order shall be transmitted to the Congress and published in 
the Federal Register.
                                                     William J. Clinton.

    Continuation of National Emergency Declared by Ex. Ord. No. 13047

    Notice of President of the United States, dated May 18, 1999, 64 
F.R. 27443, provided:
    On May 20, 1997, I issued Executive Order 13047 [set out above], 
effective at 12:01 a.m., eastern daylight time on May 21, 1997, 
certifying to the Congress under section 570(b) of the Foreign 
Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 
1997 (Public Law 104-208 [110 Stat. 3009-166]), that the Government of 
Burma has committed large-scale repression of the democratic opposition 
in Burma after September 30, 1996, thereby invoking the prohibition on 
new investment in Burma by United States persons, contained in that 
section. I also declared a national emergency to deal with the threat 
posed to the national security and foreign policy of the United States 
by the actions and policies of the Government of Burma, invoking the 
authority, inter alia, of the International Emergency Economic Powers 
Act (50 U.S.C. 1701-1706).
    The national emergency declared on May 20, 1997, must continue 
beyond May 20, 1999, because the Government of Burma continues its 
policies of committing large-scale repression of the democratic 
opposition in Burma. Therefore, in accordance with section 202(d) of the 
National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)), I am continuing the 
national emergency with respect to Burma. This notice shall be published 
in the Federal Register and transmitted to the Congress.
                                                     William J. Clinton.
    Prior continuation of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 
13047 was contained in the following:
    Notice of President of the United States, dated May 18, 1998, 63 
F.R. 27661.

  Ex. Ord. No. 13059. Prohibiting Certain Transactions With Respect to 
                                  Iran

    Ex. Ord. No. 13059, Aug. 19, 1997, 62 F.R. 44531, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
the laws of the United States of America, including the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (``IEEPA''), the 
National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), section 505 of the 
International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 (22 
U.S.C. 2349aa-9) (``ISDCA''), and section 301 of title 3, United States 
Code,
    I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of America, in 
order to clarify the steps taken in Executive Orders 12957 of March 15, 
1995, and 12959 of May 6, 1995 [set out above], to deal with the unusual 
and extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy, and 
economy of the United States declared in Executive Order 12957 in 
response to the actions and policies of the Government of Iran, hereby 
order:
    Section 1. Except to the extent provided in section 3 of this order 
or in regulations, orders, directives, or licenses issued pursuant to 
this order, and notwithstanding any contract entered into or any license 
or permit granted prior to the effective date of this order, the 
importation into the United States of any goods or services of Iranian 
origin or owned or controlled by the Government of Iran, other than 
information or informational materials within the meaning of section 
203(b)(3) of IEEPA (50 U.S.C. 1702(b)(3)), is hereby prohibited.
    Sec. 2. Except to the extent provided in section 3 of this order, in 
section 203(b) of IEEPA (50 U.S.C. 1702(b)), or in regulations, orders, 
directives, or licenses issued pursuant to this order, and 
notwithstanding any contract entered into or any license or permit 
granted prior to the effective date of this order, the following are 
prohibited:
    (a) the exportation, reexportation, sale, or supply, directly or 
indirectly, from the United States, or by a United States person, 
wherever located, of any goods, technology, or services to Iran or the 
Government of Iran, including the exportation, reexportation, sale, or 
supply of any goods, technology, or services to a person in a third 
country undertaken with knowledge or reason to know that:
    (i) such goods, technology, or services are intended specifically 
for supply, transshipment, or reexportation, directly or indirectly, to 
Iran or the Government of Iran; or
    (ii) such goods, technology, or services are intended specifically 
for use in the production of, for commingling with, or for incorporation 
into goods, technology, or services to be directly or indirectly 
supplied, transshipped, or reexported exclusively or predominantly to 
Iran or the Government of Iran;
    (b) the reexportation from a third country, directly or indirectly, 
by a person other than a United States person of any goods, technology, 
or services that have been exported from the United States, if:
    (i) undertaken with knowledge or reason to know that the 
reexportation is intended specifically for Iran or the Government of 
Iran, and
    (ii) the exportation of such goods, technology, or services to Iran 
from the United States was subject to export license application 
requirements under any United States regulations in effect on May 6, 
1995, or thereafter is made subject to such requirements imposed 
independently of the actions taken pursuant to the national emergency 
declared in Executive Order 12957; provided, however, that this 
prohibition shall not apply to those goods or that technology subject to 
export license application requirements if such goods or technology have 
been:
    (A) substantially transformed into a foreign-made product outside 
the United States; or
    (B) incorporated into a foreign-made product outside the United 
States if the aggregate value of such controlled United States goods and 
technology constitutes less than 10 percent of the total value of the 
foreign-made product to be exported from a third country;
    (c) any new investment by a United States person in Iran or in 
property, including entities, owned or controlled by the Government of 
Iran;
    (d) any transaction or dealing by a United States person, wherever 
located, including purchasing, selling, transporting, swapping, 
brokering, approving, financing, facilitating, or guaranteeing, in or 
related to:
    (i) goods or services of Iranian origin or owned or controlled by 
the Government of Iran; or
    (ii) goods, technology, or services for exportation, reexportation, 
sale, or supply, directly or indirectly, to Iran or the Government of 
Iran;
    (e) any approval, financing, facilitation, or guarantee by a United 
States person, wherever located, of a transaction by a foreign person 
where the transaction by that foreign person would be prohibited by this 
order if performed by a United States person or within the United 
States; and
    (f) any transaction by a United States person or within the United 
States that evades or avoids, or has the purpose of evading or avoiding, 
or attempts to violate, any of the prohibitions set forth in this order.
    Sec. 3. Specific licenses issued pursuant to Executive Orders 12613 
(of October 29, 1987) [formerly set out above], 12957, or 12959 continue 
in effect in accordance with their terms except to the extent revoked, 
amended, or modified by the Secretary of the Treasury. General licenses, 
regulations, orders, and directives issued pursuant to those orders 
continue in effect in accordance with their terms except to the extent 
inconsistent with this order or to the extent revoked, amended, or 
modified by the Secretary of the Treasury.
    Sec. 4. For the purposes of this order:
    (a) the term ``person'' means an individual or entity;
    (b) the term ``entity'' means a partnership, association, trust, 
joint venture, corporation, or other organization;
    (c) the term ``United States person'' means any United States 
citizen, permanent resident alien, entity organized under the laws of 
the United States (including foreign branches), or any person in the 
United States;
    (d) the term ``Iran'' means the territory of Iran and any other 
territory or marine area, including the exclusive economic zone and 
continental shelf, over which the Government of Iran claims sovereignty, 
sovereign rights, or jurisdiction, provided that the Government of Iran 
exercises partial or total de facto control over the area or derives a 
benefit from economic activity in the area pursuant to international 
arrangements;
    (e) the term ``Government of Iran'' includes the Government of Iran, 
any political subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof, and any 
person owned or controlled by, or acting for or on behalf of, the 
Government of Iran;
    (f) the term ``new investment'' means:
    (i) a commitment or contribution of funds or other assets; or
    (ii) a loan or other extension of credit, made after the effective 
date of Executive Order 12957 [Mar. 16, 1995] as to transactions 
prohibited by that order, or otherwise made after the effective date of 
Executive Order 12959 [see Ex. Ord. No. 12959, Sec. 8(a), set out 
above].
    Sec. 5. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the 
Secretary of State and, as appropriate, other agencies, is hereby 
authorized to take such actions, including the promulgation of rules and 
regulations, the requirement of reports, including reports by United 
States persons on oil and related transactions engaged in by their 
foreign affiliates with Iran or the Government of Iran, and to employ 
all powers granted to me by IEEPA and the ISDCA as may be necessary to 
carry out the purposes of this order. The Secretary of the Treasury may 
redelegate any of these functions to other officers and agencies of the 
United States Government. All agencies of the United States Government 
are hereby directed to take all appropriate measures within their 
authority to carry out the provisions of this order.
    Sec. 6. (a) The Secretary of the Treasury may authorize the 
exportation or reexportation to Iran or the Government of Iran of any 
goods, technology, or services also subject to export license 
application requirements of another agency of the United States 
Government only if authorization by that agency of the exportation or 
reexportation to Iran would be permitted by law.
    (b) Nothing contained in this order shall be construed to supersede 
the requirements established under any other provision of law or to 
relieve a person from any requirement to obtain a license or other 
authorization from another department or agency of the United States 
Government in compliance with applicable laws and regulations subject to 
the jurisdiction of that department or agency.
    Sec. 7. The provisions of this order consolidate the provisions of 
Executive Orders 12613, 12957, and 12959. Executive Order 12613 and 
subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), and (f) of section 1 of Executive Order 
12959 are hereby revoked with respect to transactions occurring after 
the effective date of this order. The revocation of those provisions 
shall not alter their applicability to any transaction or violation 
occurring before the effective date of this order, nor shall it affect 
the applicability of any rule, regulation, order, license, or other form 
of administrative action previously taken pursuant to Executive Orders 
12613 or 12959.
    Sec. 8. Nothing contained in this order shall create any right or 
benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable by any party against the 
United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or 
employees, or any other person.
    Sec. 9. The measures taken pursuant to this order are in response to 
actions of the Government of Iran occurring after the conclusion of the 
1981 Algiers Accords, and are intended solely as a response to those 
later actions.
    Sec. 10. (a) This order is effective at 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight 
time on August 20, 1997.
    (b) This order shall be transmitted to the Congress and published in 
the Federal Register.
                                                     William J. Clinton.

     Ex. Ord. No. 13067. Blocking Sudanese Government Property and 
                   Prohibiting Transactions With Sudan

    Ex. Ord. No. 13067, Nov. 3, 1997, 62 F.R. 59989, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
the laws of the United States of America, including the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (IEEPA), the 
National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), and section 301 of 
title 3, United States Code;
    I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of America, 
find that the policies and actions of the Government of Sudan, including 
continued support for international terrorism; ongoing efforts to 
destabilize neighboring governments; and the prevalence of human rights 
violations, including slavery and the denial of religious freedom, 
constitute an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security 
and foreign policy of the United States, and hereby declare a national 
emergency to deal with that threat. I hereby order:
    Section 1. Except to the extent provided in section 203(b) of IEEPA 
(50 U.S.C. 1702(b)) and in regulations, orders, directives, or licenses 
that may be issued pursuant to this order, all property and interests in 
property of the Government of Sudan that are in the United States, that 
hereafter come within the United States, or that hereafter come within 
the possession or control of United States persons, including their 
overseas branches, are blocked.
    Sec. 2. The following are prohibited, except to the extent provided 
in section 203(b) of IEEPA (50 U.S.C. 1702(b)) and in regulations, 
orders, directives, or licenses that may be issued pursuant to this 
order:
    (a) the importation into the United States of any goods or services 
of Sudanese origin, other than information or informational materials;
    (b) the exportation or reexportation, directly or indirectly, to 
Sudan of any goods, technology (including technical data, software, or 
other information), or services from the United States or by a United 
States person, wherever located, or requiring the issuance of a license 
by a Federal agency, except for donations of articles intended to 
relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing, and medicine;
    (c) the facilitation by a United States person, including but not 
limited to brokering activities, of the exportation or reexportation of 
goods, technology, or services from Sudan to any destination, or to 
Sudan from any location;
    (d) the performance by any United States person of any contract, 
including a financing contract, in support of an industrial, commercial, 
public utility, or governmental project in Sudan;
    (e) the grant or extension of credits or loans by any United States 
person to the Government of Sudan;
    (f) any transaction by a United States person relating to 
transportation of cargo to or from Sudan; the provision of 
transportation of cargo to or from the United States by any Sudanese 
person or any vessel or aircraft of Sudanese registration; or the sale 
in the United States by any person holding authority under subtitle 7 of 
title 49, United States Code, of any transportation of cargo by air that 
includes any stop in Sudan; and
    (g) any transaction by any United States person or within the United 
States that evades or avoids, or has the purpose of evading or avoiding, 
or attempts to violate, any of the prohibitions set forth in this order.
    Sec. 3. Nothing in this order shall prohibit:
    (a) transactions for the conduct of the official business of the 
Federal Government or the United Nations by employees thereof; or
    (b) transactions in Sudan for journalistic activity by persons 
regularly employed in such capacity by a news-gathering organization.
    Sec. 4. For the purposes of this order:
    (a) the term ``person'' means an individual or entity;
    (b) the term ``entity'' means a partnership, association, trust, 
joint venture, corporation, or other organization;
    (c) the term ``United States person'' means any United States 
citizen, permanent resident alien, entity organized under the laws of 
the United States (including foreign branches), or any person in the 
United States; and
    (d) the term ``Government of Sudan'' includes the Government of 
Sudan, its agencies, instrumentalities and controlled entities, and the 
Central Bank of Sudan.
    Sec. 5. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the 
Secretary of State and, as appropriate, other agencies, is hereby 
authorized to take such actions, including the promulgation of rules and 
regulations, and to employ all powers granted to me by IEEPA, as may be 
necessary to carry out the purposes of this order. The Secretary of the 
Treasury may redelegate any of these functions to other officers and 
agencies of the United States Government. All agencies of the United 
States Government are hereby directed to take all appropriate measures 
within their authority to carry out the provisions of this order.
    Sec. 6. Nothing contained in this order shall create any right or 
benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable by any party against the 
United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or 
employees, or any other person.
    Sec. 7. (a) This order shall take effect at 12:01 a.m. eastern 
standard time on November 4, 1997, except that trade transactions under 
contracts in force as of the effective date of this order may be 
performed pursuant to their terms through 12:01 a.m. eastern standard 
time on December 4, 1997, and letters of credit and other financing 
agreements for such underlying trade transactions may be performed 
pursuant to their terms.
    (b) This order shall be transmitted to the Congress and published in 
the Federal Register.
                                                     William J. Clinton.

    Continuation of National Emergency Declared by Ex. Ord. No. 13067

    Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 29, 1999, 64 
F.R. 59105, provided:
    On November 3, 1997, by Executive Order 13067 [set out above], I 
declared a national emergency to deal with the unusual and extraordinary 
threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States 
constituted by the actions and policies of the Government of Sudan. By 
Executive Order 13067, I imposed trade sanctions on Sudan and blocked 
Sudanese government assets. Because the Government of Sudan has 
continued its activities hostile to United States interests, the 
national emergency declared on November 3, 1997, and the measures 
adopted on that date to deal with that emergency must continue in effect 
beyond November 3, 1999. Therefore, in accordance with section 202(d) of 
the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)), I am continuing the 
national emergency for 1 year with respect to Sudan.
    This notice shall be published in the Federal Register and 
transmitted to the Congress.
                                                     William J. Clinton.
    Prior continuation of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 
13067 was contained in the following:
    Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 27, 1998, 63 
F.R. 58617.

  Ex. Ord. No. 13069. Prohibiting Certain Transactions With Respect to 
                                  UNITA

    Ex. Ord. No. 13069, Dec. 12, 1997, 62 F.R. 65989, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
the laws of the United States of America, including the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (IEEPA), the 
National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), section 5 of the 
United Nations Participation Act of 1945, as amended (22 U.S.C. 
287c)(UNPA), and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, in view of 
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1127 of August 28, 1997, and 
1130 of September 29, 1997, and in order to take additional steps with 
respect to the actions and policies of the National Union for the Total 
Independence of Angola (UNITA) and the national emergency declared in 
Executive Order 12865 [set out above], I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President 
of the United States of America, hereby order:
    Section 1. Except to the extent provided in regulations, orders, 
directives, or licenses issued pursuant to this order, and 
notwithstanding the existence of any rights or obligations conferred or 
imposed by any international agreement or any contract entered into or 
any license or permit granted prior to the effective date of this order, 
all UNITA offices located in the United States shall be immediately and 
completely closed.
    Sec. 2. Except to the extent provided in regulations, orders, 
directives, or licenses issued pursuant to this order, and 
notwithstanding the existence of any rights or obligations conferred or 
imposed by any international agreement or any contract entered into or 
any license or permit granted prior to the effective date of this order, 
the following are prohibited:
    (a) the sale, supply, or making available in any form, by United 
States persons or from the United States or using U.S.-registered 
vessels or aircraft, of any aircraft or aircraft components, regardless 
of origin:
    (i) to UNITA; or
    (ii) to the territory of Angola other than through a point of entry 
specified pursuant to section 4 of this order;
    (b) the insurance, engineering, or servicing by United States 
persons or from the United States of any aircraft owned or controlled by 
UNITA;
    (c) the granting of permission to any aircraft to take off from, 
land in, or overfly the United States if the aircraft, as part of the 
same flight or as a continuation of that flight, is destined to land in 
or has taken off from a place in the territory of Angola other than one 
specified pursuant to section 4 of this order;
    (d) the provision or making available by United States persons or 
from the United States of engineering and maintenance servicing, the 
certification of airworthiness, the payment of new claims against 
existing insurance contracts, or the provision, renewal, or making 
available of direct insurance with respect to:
    (i) any aircraft registered in Angola other than those specified 
pursuant to section 4 of this order; or
    (ii) any aircraft that entered the territory of Angola other than 
through a point of entry specified pursuant to section 4 of this order;
    (e) any transaction by any United States person or within the United 
States that evades or avoids, or has the purpose of evading or avoiding, 
or attempts to violate, any of the prohibitions set forth in this order.
    Sec. 3. For the purposes of this order:
    (a) the term ``person'' means an individual or entity;
    (b) the term ``entity'' means a partnership, association, trust, 
joint venture, corporation, or other organization;
    (c) the term ``United States person'' means any United States 
citizen, permanent resident alien, entity organized under the laws of 
the United States (including foreign branches), or any person in the 
United States;
    (d) the term ``UNITA'' includes:
    (i) the Uniao Nacional para a Independencia Total de Angola (UNITA), 
known in English as the ``National Union for the Total Independence of 
Angola;''
    (ii) the Forcas Armadas para a Liberacao de Angola (FALA), known in 
English as the ``Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola;'' and
    (iii) any person acting or purporting to act for or on behalf of any 
of the foregoing, including the Center for Democracy in Angola (CEDA).
    Sec. 4. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the 
Secretary of State and, as appropriate, other agencies, is hereby 
authorized to take such actions, including the specification of places, 
points of entry, and aircraft registered in Angola for purposes of 
section 2(a), (c), and (d) of this order, the authorization in 
appropriate cases of medical emergency flights or flights of aircraft 
carrying food, medicine, or supplies for essential humanitarian needs, 
and the promulgation of rules and regulations, and to employ all powers 
granted to the President by IEEPA and UNPA [22 U.S.C. 287 et seq.] as 
may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this order. The Secretary 
of the Treasury may redelegate any of these functions to other officers 
and agencies of the United States Government. All agencies of the United 
States Government are hereby directed to take all appropriate measures 
within their authority to carry out the provisions of this order, 
including suspension or termination of licenses or other authorizations 
in effect as of the effective date of this order.
    Sec. 5. Nothing contained in this order shall create any right or 
benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable by any party against the 
United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or 
employees, or any other person.
    Sec. 6. (a) This order is effective at 12:01 a.m. eastern standard 
time on December 15, 1997.
    (b) This order shall be transmitted to the Congress and published in 
the Federal Register.
                                                     William J. Clinton.

Ex. Ord. No. 13088. Blocking Property of the Governments of the Federal 
Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), the Republic of Serbia, 
 and the Republic of Montenegro, and Prohibiting New Investment in the 
        Republic of Serbia in Response to the Situation in Kosovo

    Ex. Ord. No. 13088, June 9, 1998, 63 F.R. 32109, as amended by Ex. 
Ord. No. 13121, Apr. 30, 1999, 64 F.R. 24021, eff. May 1, 1999, 
provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
the laws of the United States of America, including the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), the 
National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), and section 301 of 
title 3, United States Code,
    I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of America, 
find that the actions and policies of the Governments of the Federal 
Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) and the Republic of 
Serbia with respect to Kosovo, by promoting ethnic conflict and human 
suffering, threaten to destabilize countries of the region and to 
disrupt progress in Bosnia and Herzegovina in implementing the Dayton 
peace agreement, and therefore constitute an unusual and extraordinary 
threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States, 
and hereby declare a national emergency to deal with that threat.
    I hereby order:
    Section 1. (a) Except to the extent provided in section 203(b) of 
IEEPA (50 U.S.C. 1702(b)), and in regulations, orders, directives, or 
licenses that may hereafter be issued pursuant to this order, all 
property and interests in property of the Governments of the Federal 
Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), the Republic of Serbia, 
and the Republic of Montenegro that are in the United States, that 
hereafter come within the United States, or that are or hereafter come 
within the possession or control of United States persons, including 
their overseas branches, are hereby blocked.
    (b) The blocking of property and property interests in paragraph (a) 
of this section includes the prohibition of financial transactions with, 
including trade financing for, the Governments of the Federal Republic 
of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), the Republic of Serbia, and the 
Republic of Montenegro by United States persons.
    Sec. 2. Except to the extent provided in section 203(b) of IEEPA (50 
U.S.C. 1702(b)) and in regulations, orders, directives, or licenses that 
may hereafter be issued pursuant to this order, and notwithstanding any 
contract entered into or any license or permit granted prior to the 
effective date of this order, the following are prohibited:
    (a) the exportation, reexportation, sale, or supply, directly or 
indirectly, from the United States, or by a United States person, 
wherever located, to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and 
Montenegro) or the Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 
(Serbia and Montenegro), the Government of the Republic of Serbia, or 
the Government of the Republic of Montenegro, of any goods (including 
petroleum and petroleum products), software, technology (including 
technical data), or services;
    (b) the importation into the United States, directly or indirectly, 
of any goods, software, technology (including technical data), or 
services from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) 
or owned or controlled by the Government of the Federal Republic of 
Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), the Government of the Republic of 
Serbia, or the Government of the Republic of Montenegro; and
    (c) any transaction or dealing by a United States person, wherever 
located, in goods, software, technology (including technical data), or 
services, regardless of country of origin, for exportation, 
reexportation, sale, or supply to, or exportation from or by, the 
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) or the Government 
of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), the 
Government of the Republic of Serbia, or the Government of the Republic 
of Montenegro. This prohibition includes, without limitation, purchase, 
sale, transport, swap, or brokerage transactions in such items, and 
approving, financing, insuring, facilitating, or guaranteeing any such 
transactions.
    Sec. 3. Except as otherwise provided in regulations, orders, 
directives, or licenses that may hereafter be issued pursuant to this 
order, all new investment by United States persons in the territory of 
the Republic of Serbia, and the approval or other facilitation by United 
States persons of other persons' new investment in the territory of the 
Republic of Serbia, are prohibited.
    Sec. 4. Any transaction by a United States person that evades or 
avoids, or has the purpose of evading or avoiding, or attempts to 
violate, any of the prohibitions set forth in this order is prohibited. 
Any conspiracy formed to violate the prohibitions of this order is 
prohibited.
    Sec. 5. For the purposes of this order:
    (a) The term ``person'' means an individual or entity;
    (b) The term ``entity'' means a partnership, association, trust, 
joint venture, corporation, or other organization;
    (c) The term ``new investment'' means (i) the acquisition of debt or 
equity interests in, (ii) a commitment or contribution of funds or other 
assets to, or (iii) a loan or other extension of credit to, a public or 
private undertaking, entity, or project, including the Government of the 
Republic of Serbia, other than donations of funds for purely 
humanitarian purposes to charitable organizations;
    (d) The term ``United States person'' means any United States 
citizen, permanent resident alien, juridical person organized under the 
laws of the United States (including foreign branches), or any person in 
the United States;
    (e) The term ``Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 
(Serbia and Montenegro)'' means the government of the Federal Republic 
of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), its agencies, instrumentalities, 
and controlled entities, including all financial institutions and state-
owned and socially owned entities organized or located in the Federal 
Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) as of June 9, 1998, any 
successors to such entities, and their respective subsidiaries and 
branches, wherever located, and any persons acting or purporting to act 
for or on behalf of any of the foregoing;
    (f) The term ``Government of the Republic of Serbia'' means the 
government of the Republic of Serbia, including any subdivisions thereof 
or local governments therein, its agencies, instrumentalities, and 
controlled entities, including all financial institutions and state-
owned and socially owned entities organized or located in the Republic 
of Serbia as of June 9, 1998, any successors to such entities, and their 
respective subsidiaries and branches, wherever located, and any persons 
acting or purporting to act for or on behalf of any of the foregoing;
    (g) The term ``Government of the Republic of Montenegro'' means the 
government of the Republic of Montenegro, including any subdivisions 
thereof or local governments therein, its agencies, instrumentalities, 
and controlled entities, including all financial institutions and state-
owned and socially owned entities organized or located in the Republic 
of Montenegro as of June 9, 1998, any successors to such entities, and 
their respective subsidiaries and branches, wherever located, and any 
persons acting or purporting to act for or on behalf of any of the 
foregoing.
    Sec. 6. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the 
Secretary of State, is hereby authorized to take such actions, including 
the promulgation of rules and regulations, and to employ all powers 
granted to me by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act [50 
U.S.C. 1701 et seq.], as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of 
this order. The Secretary of the Treasury may redelegate any of these 
functions to other officers and agencies of the United States 
Government, all agencies of which are hereby directed to take all 
appropriate measures within their authority to carry out the provisions 
of this order, including suspension or termination of licenses or other 
authorizations in effect as of the effective date of this order.
    Sec. 7. (a) The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the 
Secretary of State, shall give special consideration to the 
circumstances of the Government of the Republic of Montenegro and 
persons located in and organized under the laws of the Republic of 
Montenegro in the implementation of this order.
    (b) The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the 
Secretary of State, shall give special consideration to the humanitarian 
needs of refugees from Kosovo and other civilians within the Federal 
Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) in the implementation of 
this order.
    (c) The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the 
Secretary of State, is hereby directed to authorize commercial sales of 
agricultural commodities and products, medicine, and medical equipment 
for civilian end use in the territory of the Federal Republic of 
Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) under appropriate safeguards to 
prevent diversion to military, paramilitary, or political use by the 
Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and 
Montenegro), the Government of the Republic of Serbia, or the Government 
of the Republic of Montenegro.
    Sec. 8. Nothing contained in this order shall confer any substantive 
or procedural right or privilege on any person or organization, 
enforceable against the United States, its agencies or its officers.
    Sec. 9. (a) This order is effective at 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight 
time on June 10, 1998.
    (b) This order shall be transmitted to the Congress and published in 
the Federal Register.
                                                     William J. Clinton.

    Continuation of National Emergency Declared by Ex. Ord. No. 13088

    Continuation of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 13088 
was contained in the following Presidential document, set about above:
    Notice of President of the United States, dated May 27, 1999, 64 
F.R. 29205.

 Ex. Ord. No. 13098. Blocking Property of UNITA and Prohibiting Certain 
                   Transactions With Respect to UNITA

    Ex. Ord. No. 13098, Aug. 18, 1998, 63 F.R. 44771, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
the laws of the United States of America, including the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (IEEPA), the 
National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), section 5 of the 
United Nations Participation Act of 1945, as amended (22 U.S.C. 287c) 
(UNPA), and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, in view of 
United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1173 of June 12, 1998, and 
1176 of June 24, 1998, and in order to take additional steps with 
respect to the actions and policies of the National Union for the Total 
Independence of Angola (UNITA) and the national emergency declared in 
Executive Order 12865 [set out above], I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President 
of the United States of America, hereby order:
    Section 1. Except to the extent provided in regulations, orders, 
directives, or licenses issued pursuant to this order, and 
notwithstanding the existence of any rights or obligations conferred or 
imposed by any international agreement or any contract entered into or 
any license or permit granted prior to the effective date of this order, 
all property and interests in property that are in the United States, 
that hereafter come within the United States, or that are or hereafter 
come within the possession or control of United States persons, of 
UNITA, or of those senior officials of UNITA, or adult members of their 
immediate families, who are designated pursuant to section 5 of this 
order, are hereby blocked.
    Sec. 2. Except to the extent provided in regulations, orders, 
directives, or licenses issued pursuant to this order, and 
notwithstanding the existence of any rights or obligations conferred or 
imposed by any international agreement or any contract entered into or 
any license or permit granted prior to the effective date of this order, 
the following are prohibited:
    (a) the direct or indirect importation into the United States of all 
diamonds exported from Angola on or after the effective date of this 
order that are not controlled through the Certificate of Origin regime 
of the Angolan Government of Unity and National Reconciliation;
    (b) the sale or supply by United States persons or from the United 
States or using U.S.-registered vessels or aircraft, of equipment used 
in mining, regardless of origin, to the territory of Angola other than 
through a point of entry designated pursuant to section 5 of this order;
    (c) the sale or supply by United States persons or from the United 
States or using U.S.-registered vessels or aircraft, of motorized 
vehicles, watercraft, or spare parts for the foregoing, regardless of 
origin, to the territory of Angola other than through a point of entry 
designated pursuant to section 5 of this order; and
    (d) the sale or supply by United States persons or from the United 
States or using U.S.-registered vessels or aircraft, of mining services 
or ground or waterborne transportation services, regardless of origin, 
to persons in areas of Angola to which State administration has not been 
extended, as designated pursuant to section 5 of this order.
    Sec. 3. Any transaction by a United States person or within the 
United States that evades or avoids, or has the purpose of evading or 
avoiding, or attempts to violate, any of the prohibitions set forth in 
this order is prohibited.
    Sec. 4. For the purposes of this order:
    (a) the term ``person'' means an individual or entity;
    (b) the term ``entity'' means a partnership, association, trust, 
joint venture, corporation, or other organization;
    (c) the term ``United States person'' means any United States 
citizen, permanent resident alien, entity organized under the laws of 
the United States (including foreign branches), or any person in the 
United States;
    (d) the term ``UNITA'' includes:
    (i) the Uniao Nacional para a Independencia Total de Angola (UNITA), 
known in English as the ``National Union for the Total Independence of 
Angola;''
    (ii) the Forcas Armadas para a Liberacao de Angola (FALA), known in 
English as the ``Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola;'' and
    (iii) any person acting or purporting to act for or on behalf of any 
of the foregoing, including the Center for Democracy in Angola (CEDA);
    (e) the term ``controlled through the Certificate of Origin regime 
of the Angolan Government of Unity and National Reconciliation'' means 
accompanied by any documentation that demonstrates to the satisfaction 
of the United States Customs Service that the diamonds were legally 
exported from Angola with the approval of the Angolan Government of 
Unity and National Reconciliation.
    Sec. 5. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the 
Secretary of State, is hereby authorized to take such actions, including 
designating senior officials of UNITA and adult members of their 
immediate families for purposes of section 1 of this order, designating 
points of entry in Angola and areas of Angola to which State 
administration has not been extended for purposes of section 2 of this 
order, establishing exemptions from the prohibitions set forth in this 
order for medical and humanitarian purposes, and promulgating rules and 
regulations, and to employ all powers granted to the President by IEEPA 
and UNPA, as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this order. 
The Secretary of the Treasury may redelegate any of these functions to 
other officers and agencies of the United States Government. All 
agencies of the United States Government are hereby directed to take all 
appropriate measures within their authority to carry out the provisions 
of this order, including suspension or termination of licenses or other 
authorizations in effect as of the effective date of this order.
    Sec. 6. Nothing contained in this order shall create any right or 
benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable by any party against the 
United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or 
employees, or any other person.
    Sec. 7. (a) This order is effective at 12:01 a.m., eastern daylight 
time on August 19, 1998.
    (b) This order shall be transmitted to the Congress and published in 
the Federal Register.
                                                     William J. Clinton.

Ex. Ord. No. 13129. Blocking Property and Prohibiting Transactions With 
                                 Taliban

    Ex. Ord. No. 13129, July 4, 1999, 64 F.R. 36759, provided:
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and 
the laws of the United States of America, including the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.)(``IEEPA''), the 
National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), and section 301 of 
title 3, United States Code,
    I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of America, 
find that the actions and policies of the Taliban in Afghanistan, in 
allowing territory under its control in Afghanistan to be used as a safe 
haven and base of operations for Usama bin Ladin and the Al-Qaida 
organization who have committed and threaten to continue to commit acts 
of violence against the United States and its nationals, constitute an 
unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign 
policy of the United States, and hereby declare a national emergency to 
deal with that threat.
    I hereby order:
    Section 1. Except to the extent provided in section 203(b) of IEEPA 
(50 U.S.C. 1702(b)) and in regulations, orders, directives, or licenses 
that may be issued pursuant to this order, and notwithstanding any 
contract entered into or any license or permit granted prior to the 
effective date:
    (a) all property and interests in property of the Taliban; and
    (b) all property and interests in property of persons determined by 
the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of 
State and the Attorney General:
    (i) to be owned or controlled by, or to act for or on behalf of, the 
Taliban; or
    (ii) to provide financial, material, or technological support for, 
or services in support of, any of the foregoing, that are in the United 
States, that hereafter come within the United States, or that are or 
hereafter come within the possession or control of United States 
persons, are blocked.
    Sec. 2. Except to the extent provided in section 203(b) of IEEPA (50 
U.S.C. 1702(b)) and in regulations, orders, directives, or licenses that 
may be issued pursuant to this order, and notwithstanding any contract 
entered into or any license or permit granted prior to the effective 
date:
    (a) any transaction or dealing by United States persons or within 
the United States in property or interests in property blocked pursuant 
to this order is prohibited, including the making or receiving of any 
contribution of funds, goods, or services to or for the benefit of the 
Taliban or persons designated pursuant to this order;
    (b) the exportation, reexportation, sale, or supply, directly or 
indirectly, from the United States, or by a United States person, 
wherever located, of any goods, software, technology (including 
technical data), or services to the territory of Afghanistan controlled 
by the Taliban or to the Taliban or persons designated pursuant to this 
order is prohibited;
    (c) the importation into the United States of any goods, software, 
technology, or services owned or controlled by the Taliban or persons 
designated pursuant to this order or from the territory of Afghanistan 
controlled by the Taliban is prohibited;
    (d) any transaction by any United States person or within the United 
States that evades or avoids, or has the purpose of evading or avoiding, 
or attempts to violate, any of the prohibitions set forth in this order 
is prohibited; and
    (e) any conspiracy formed to violate any of the prohibitions set 
forth in this order is prohibited.
    Sec. 3. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the 
Secretary of State, is hereby directed to authorize commercial sales of 
agricultural commodities and products, medicine, and medical equipment 
for civilian end use in the territory of Afghanistan controlled by the 
Taliban under appropriate safeguards to prevent diversion to military, 
paramilitary, or terrorist end users or end use or to political end use.
    Sec. 4. For the purposes of this order:
    (a) the term ``person'' means an individual or entity;
    (b) the term ``entity'' means a partnership, association, 
corporation, or other organization, group, or subgroup;
    (c) the term ``the Taliban'' means the political/military entity 
headquartered in Kandahar, Afghanistan that as of the date of this order 
exercises de facto control over the territory of Afghanistan described 
in paragraph (d) of this section, its agencies and instrumentalities, 
and the Taliban leaders listed in the Annex to this order or designated 
by the Secretary of State in consultation with the Secretary of the 
Treasury and the Attorney General. The Taliban is also known as the 
``Taleban,'' ``Islamic Movement of Taliban,'' ``the Taliban Islamic 
Movement,'' ``Talibano Islami Tahrik,'' and ``Tahrike Islami'a 
Taliban''[;]
    (d) the term ``territory of Afghanistan controlled by the Taliban'' 
means the territory referred to as the ``Islamic Emirate of 
Afghanistan,'' known in Pashtun as ``de Afghanistan Islami Emarat'' or 
in Dari as ``Emarat Islami-e Afghanistan,'' including the following 
provinces of the country of Afghanistan: Kandahar, Farah, Helmund, 
Nimruz, Herat, Badghis, Ghowr, Oruzghon, Zabol, Paktiha, Ghazni, 
Nangarhar, Lowgar, Vardan, Faryab, Jowlan, Balkh, and Paktika. The 
Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, 
is hereby authorized to modify the description of the term ``territory 
of Afghanistan controlled by the Taliban''[;]
    (e) the term ``United States person'' means any United States 
citizen, permanent resident alien, entity organized under the laws of 
the United States (including foreign branches), or any person in the 
United States.
    Sec. 5. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the 
Secretary of State and the Attorney General, is hereby authorized to 
take such actions, including the promulgation of rules and regulations, 
and to employ all powers granted to me by IEEPA as may be necessary to 
carry out the purposes of this order. The Secretary of the Treasury may 
redelegate any of these functions to other officers and agencies of the 
United States Government. All agencies of the United States Government 
are hereby directed to take all appropriate measures within their 
authority to carry out the provisions of this order.
    Sec. 6. Nothing contained in this order shall create any right or 
benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable by any party against the 
United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or 
employees, or any other person.
    Sec. 7. (a) This order is effective at 12:01 a.m. Eastern Daylight 
Time on July 6, 1999.
    (b) This order shall be transmitted to the Congress and published in 
the Federal Register.
                                                     William J. Clinton.

                                  Annex

    Mohammed Omar (Amir al-Mumineen [Commander of the Faithful]);[.]

                  Section Referred to in Other Sections

    This section is referred to in section 1702 of this title; title 28 
section 1610.
