
From the U.S. Code Online via GPO Access
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[Laws in effect as of January 23, 2000]
[Document not affected by Public Laws enacted between
  January 23, 2000 and December 4, 2001]
[CITE: 50USC2032]

 
                   TITLE 50--WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
 
    CHAPTER 38--CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY
 
  SUBCHAPTER II--CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY 
                                 SYSTEM
 
                    Part C--Computation of Annuities
 
Sec. 2032. Annuities for former spouses


(a) Former spouse share of participant's annuity

                         (1) Pro rata share

        Unless otherwise expressly provided by a spousal agreement or 
    court order under section 2094(b) of this title, a former spouse of 
    a participant, former participant, or retired participant is 
    entitled to an annuity--
            (A) if married to the participant, former participant, or 
        retired participant throughout the creditable service of the 
        participant, equal to 50 percent of the annuity of the 
        participant; or
            (B) if not married to the participant throughout such 
        creditable service, equal to that proportion of 50 percent of 
        such annuity that is the proportion that the number of days of 
        the marriage of the former spouse to the participant during 
        periods of creditable service of such participant under this 
        subchapter bears to the total number of days of such creditable 
        service.

         (2) Disqualification upon remarriage before age 55

        A former spouse is not qualified for an annuity under this 
    subsection if before the commencement of that annuity the former 
    spouse remarries before becoming 55 years of age.

                     (3) Commencement of annuity

        The annuity of a former spouse under this subsection commences 
    on the day the participant upon whose service the annuity is based 
    becomes entitled to an annuity under this subchapter or on the first 
    day of the month after the divorce or annulment involved becomes 
    final, whichever is later.

                     (4) Termination of annuity

        The annuity of such former spouse and the right thereto 
    terminate on--
            (A) the last day of the month before the month in which the 
        former spouse dies or remarries before 55 years of age; or
            (B) the date on which the annuity of the participant 
        terminates (except in the case of an annuity subject to 
        paragraph (5)(B)).

               (5) Treatment of participant's annuity

        (A) Reduction in participant's annuity

            The annuity payable to any participant shall be reduced by 
        the amount of an annuity under this subsection paid to any 
        former spouse based upon the service of that participant. Such 
        reduction shall be disregarded in calculating--
                (i) the survivor annuity for any spouse, former spouse, 
            or other survivor under this subchapter; and
                (ii) any reduction in the annuity of the participant to 
            provide survivor benefits under subsection (b) of this 
            section or under section 2031(b) of this title.

        (B) Treatment when annuitant returns to service

            If an annuitant whose annuity is reduced under subparagraph 
        (A) is recalled to service under section 2111 of this title, or 
        reinstated or reappointed, in the case of a recovered disability 
        annuitant, or if any annuitant is reemployed as provided for 
        under sections 2112 and 2113 of this title, the pay of that 
        annuitant shall be reduced by the same amount as the annuity 
        would have been reduced if it had continued. Amounts equal to 
        the reductions under this subparagraph shall be deposited in the 
        Treasury of the United States to the credit of the fund.

                      (6) Disability annuitant

        Notwithstanding paragraph (3), in the case of a former spouse of 
    a disability annuitant--
            (A) the annuity of that former spouse shall commence on the 
        date on which the participant would qualify on the basis of the 
        participant's creditable service for an annuity under this 
        subchapter (other than a disability annuity) or the date on 
        which the disability annuity begins, whichever is later, and
            (B) the amount of the annuity of the former spouse shall be 
        calculated on the basis of the annuity for which the participant 
        would otherwise so qualify.

                      (7) Election of benefits

        A former spouse of a participant, former participant, or retired 
    participant shall not become entitled under this subsection to an 
    annuity payable from the fund unless the former spouse elects to 
    receive it instead of any survivor annuity to which the former 
    spouse may be entitled under this or any other retirement system for 
    Government employees on the basis of a marriage to someone other 
    than the participant.

     (8) Limitation in case of multiple former spouse annuities

        No spousal agreement or court order under section 2094(b) of 
    this title involving a participant may provide for an annuity or a 
    combination of annuities under this subsection that exceeds the 
    annuity of the participant.

(b) Former spouse survivor annuity

                         (1) Pro rata share

        Subject to any election under section 2031(b)(1)(B) and (C) of 
    this title and unless otherwise expressly provided by a spousal 
    agreement or court order under section 2094(b) of this title, if an 
    annuitant is survived by a former spouse, the former spouse shall be 
    entitled--
            (A) if married to the annuitant throughout the creditable 
        service of the annuitant, to a survivor annuity equal to 55 
        percent of the unreduced amount of the annuitant's annuity, as 
        computed under section 2031(a) of this title; and
            (B) if not married to the annuitant throughout such 
        creditable service, to a survivor annuity equal to that 
        proportion of 55 percent of the unreduced amount of such annuity 
        that is the proportion that the number of days of the marriage 
        of the former spouse to the participant during periods of 
        creditable service of such participant under this subchapter 
        bears to the total number of days of such creditable service.

         (2) Disqualification upon remarriage before age 55

        A former spouse shall not be qualified for an annuity under this 
    subsection if before the commencement of that annuity the former 
    spouse remarries before becoming 55 years of age.

      (3) Commencement, termination, and restoration of annuity

        An annuity payable from the fund under this subchapter to a 
    surviving former spouse under this subsection shall commence on the 
    day after the annuitant dies and shall terminate on the last day of 
    the month before the former spouse's death or remarriage before 
    attaining age 55. If such a survivor annuity is terminated because 
    of remarriage, it shall be restored at the same rate commencing on 
    the date such remarriage is dissolved by death, annulment, or 
    divorce if any lump sum paid upon termination of the annuity is 
    returned to the fund.

                     (4) Survivor annuity amount

        (A) Maximum amount

            The maximum survivor annuity or combination of survivor 
        annuities under this subsection (and section 2031(b)(3) of this 
        title) with respect to any participant may not exceed 55 percent 
        of the full amount of the participant's annuity, as calculated 
        under section 2031(a) of this title.

        (B) Limitation on other survivor annuities based on service of 
                same participant

            Once a survivor annuity has been provided under this 
        subsection for any former spouse, a survivor annuity for another 
        individual may thereafter be provided under this subsection (or 
        section 2031(b)(3) of this title) with respect to the 
        participant only for that portion (if any) of the maximum 
        available which is not committed for survivor benefits for any 
        former spouse whose prospective right to such annuity has not 
        terminated by reason of death or remarriage.

        (C) Finality of court order upon death of participant

            After the death of a participant or retired participant, a 
        court order under section 2094(b) of this title may not adjust 
        the amount of the annuity of a former spouse of that participant 
        or retired participant under this section.

       (5) Effect of termination of former spouse entitlement

        (A) Recomputation of participant's annuity

            If a former spouse of a retired participant dies or 
        remarries before attaining age 55, the annuity of the retired 
        participant, if reduced to provide a survivor annuity for that 
        former spouse, shall be recomputed and paid, effective on the 
        first day of the month beginning after such death or remarriage, 
        as if the annuity had not been so reduced, unless an election is 
        in effect under subparagraph (B).

        (B) Election of spouse annuity

            Subject to paragraph (4)(B), the participant may elect in 
        writing within one year after receipt of notice of the death or 
        remarriage of the former spouse to continue the reduction in 
        order to provide a higher survivor annuity under section 
        2031(b)(3) of this title for any spouse of the participant.

(c) Optional additional survivor annuities for other former spouse or 
        surviving spouse

                           (1) In general

        In the case of any participant providing a survivor annuity 
    under subsection (b) of this section for a former spouse--
            (A) such participant may elect, or
            (B) a spousal agreement or court order under section 2094(b) 
        of this title may provide for,

    an additional survivor annuity under this subsection for any other 
    former spouse or spouse surviving the participant, if the 
    participant satisfactorily passes a physical examination as 
    prescribed by the Director.

                           (2) Limitation

        Neither the total amount of survivor annuity or annuities under 
    this subsection with respect to any participant, nor the survivor 
    annuity or annuities for any one surviving spouse or former spouse 
    of such participant under this section or section 2031 of this 
    title, may exceed 55 percent of the unreduced amount of the 
    participant's annuity, as computed under section 2031(a) of this 
    title.

              (3) Contribution for additional annuities

        (A) Provision of additional survivor annuity

            In accordance with regulations which the Director shall 
        prescribe, the participant involved may provide for any annuity 
        under this subsection--
                (i) by a reduction in the annuity or an allotment from 
            the basic pay of the participant;
                (ii) by a lump-sum payment or installment payments to 
            the fund; or
                (iii) by any combination thereof.

        (B) Actuarial equivalence to benefit

            The present value of the total amount to accrue to the fund 
        under subparagraph (A) to provide any annuity under this 
        subsection shall be actuarially equivalent in value to such 
        annuity, as calculated upon such tables of mortality as may from 
        time to time be prescribed for this purpose by the Director.

        (C) Effect of former spouse's death or disqualification

            If a former spouse predeceases the participant or remarries 
        before attaining age 55 (or, in the case of a spouse, the spouse 
        predeceases the participant or does not qualify as a former 
        spouse upon dissolution of the marriage)--
                (i) if an annuity reduction or pay allotment under 
            subparagraph (A) is in effect for that spouse or former 
            spouse, the annuity shall be recomputed and paid as if it 
            had not been reduced or the pay allotment terminated, as the 
            case may be; and
                (ii) any amount accruing to the fund under subparagraph 
            (A) shall be refunded, but only to the extent that such 
            amount may have exceeded the actuarial cost of providing 
            benefits under this subsection for the period such benefits 
            were provided, as determined under regulations prescribed by 
            the Director.

        (D) Recomputation upon death or remarriage of former spouse

            Under regulations prescribed by the Director, an annuity 
        shall be recomputed (or a pay allotment terminated or adjusted), 
        and a refund provided (if appropriate), in a manner comparable 
        to that provided under subparagraph (C), in order to reflect a 
        termination or reduction of future benefits under this 
        subsection for a spouse in the event a former spouse of the 
        participant dies or remarries before attaining age 55 and an 
        increased annuity is provided for that spouse in accordance with 
        this section.

      (4) Commencement and termination of additional survivor 
                                   annuity

        An annuity payable under this subsection to a spouse or former 
    spouse shall commence on the day after the participant dies and 
    shall terminate on the last day of the month before the spouse's or 
    the former spouse's death or remarriage before attaining age 55.

               (5) Nonapplicability of COLA provision

        Section 2131 of this title does not apply to an annuity under 
    this subsection, unless authorized under regulations prescribed by 
    the Director.

(Pub. L. 88-643, title II, Sec. 222, as added Pub. L. 102-496, title 
VIII, Sec. 802, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3212; amended Pub. L. 103-178, 
title II, Sec. 202(a)(5), Dec. 3, 1993, 107 Stat. 2026.)


                            Prior Provisions

    A prior section 222 of Pub. L. 88-643, as added Pub. L. 97-269, 
title VI, Sec. 606, Sept. 27, 1982, 96 Stat. 1148; amended Pub. L. 99-
335, title V, Sec. 501(2), (3), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 622; Pub. L. 
102-88, title III, Sec. 305(a)(2), Aug. 14, 1991, 105 Stat. 432, related 
to computation of annuities for former spouses and was set out as a note 
under section 403 of this title prior to the general amendment of Pub. 
L. 88-643 by section 802 of Pub. L. 102-496.


                               Amendments

    1993--Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 103-178, Sec. 202(a)(5)(A), 
substituted ``any survivor annuity'' for ``any other annuity''.
    Subsec. (c)(3)(C). Pub. L. 103-178, Sec. 202(a)(5)(B), inserted 
``the participant'' before ``or does not qualify''.
    Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 103-178, Sec. 202(a)(5)(C), substituted 
``before the spouse's or the former spouse's death'' for ``before the 
former spouse's death''.


                    Effective Date of 1993 Amendment

    Amendment by Pub. L. 103-178 effective Feb. 1, 1993, see section 
202(b) of Pub. L. 103-178, set out as a note under section 2001 of this 
title.


 Survivor Annuity, Retirement Annuity, and Health Benefits for Certain 
   Ex-Spouses of Central Intelligence Agency Employees; Effective Date

    Section 203 of Pub. L. 103-178 provided that:
    ``(a) Survivor Annuity.--
        ``(1) In general.--
            ``(A) Entitlement of former wife or husband.--Any person who 
        was divorced on or before December 4, 1991, from a participant 
        or retired participant in the Central Intelligence Agency 
        Retirement and Disability System and who was married to such 
        participant for not less than 10 years during such participant's 
        creditable service, at least five years of which were spent by 
        the participant during the participant's service as an employee 
        of the Central Intelligence Agency outside the United States, or 
        otherwise in a position the duties of which qualified the 
        participant for designation by the Director of Central 
        Intelligence as a participant under section 203 of the Central 
        Intelligence Agency Retirement Act (50 U.S.C. 2013), shall be 
        entitled, except to the extent such person is disqualified under 
        paragraph (2), to a survivor annuity equal to 55 percent of the 
        greater of--
                ``(i) the unreduced amount of the participant's annuity, 
            as computed under section 221(a) of such Act [50 U.S.C. 
            2031(a)]; or
                ``(ii) the unreduced amount of what such annuity as so 
            computed would be if the participant had not elected payment 
            of the lump-sum credit under section 294 of such Act [50 
            U.S.C. 2143].
            ``(B) Reduction in survivor annuity.--A survivor annuity 
        payable under this subsection shall be reduced by an amount 
        equal to any survivor annuity payments made to the former wife 
        or husband under section 226 of such Act [50 U.S.C. 2036].
        ``(2) Limitations.--A former wife or husband is not entitled to 
    a survivor annuity under this subsection if--
            ``(A) the former wife or husband remarries before age 55, 
        except that the entitlement of the former wife or husband to 
        such a survivor annuity shall be restored on the date such 
        remarriage is dissolved by death, annulment, or divorce;
            ``(B) the former wife or husband is less than 50 years of 
        age; or
            ``(C) the former wife or husband meets the definition of 
        `former spouse' that was in effect under section 204(b)(4) of 
        the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for 
        Certain Employees before December 4, 1991 [section 204(b)(4) of 
        Pub. L. 88-643 prior to enactment of Pub. L. 102-496, formerly 
        set out as a note under section 403 of this title].
        ``(3) Commencement and termination of annuity.--
            ``(A) Commencement of annuity.--The entitlement of a former 
        wife or husband to a survivor annuity under this subsection 
        shall commence--
                ``(i) in the case of a former wife or husband of a 
            participant or retired participant who is deceased as of 
            October 1, 1994, beginning on the later of--
          ``(I) the 60th day after such date; or
          ``(II) the date on which the former wife or husband reaches 
                age 50; and
                ``(ii) in the case of any other former wife or husband, 
            beginning on the latest of--
          ``(I) the date on which the participant or retired participant 
                to whom the former wife or husband was married dies;
          ``(II) the 60th day after October 1, 1994; or
          ``(III) the date on which the former wife or husband attains 
                age 50.
            ``(B) Termination of annuity.--The entitlement of a former 
        wife or husband to a survivor annuity under this subsection 
        terminates on the last day of the month before the former wife's 
        or husband's death or remarriage before attaining age 55. The 
        entitlement of a former wife or husband to such a survivor 
        annuity shall be restored on the date such remarriage is 
        dissolved by death, annulment, or divorce.
        ``(4) Election of benefits.--A former wife or husband of a 
    participant or retired participant shall not become entitled under 
    this subsection to a survivor annuity or to the restoration of the 
    survivor annuity unless the former wife or husband elects to receive 
    it instead of any other survivor annuity to which the former wife or 
    husband may be entitled under the Central Intelligence Agency 
    Retirement and Disability System or any other retirement system for 
    Government employees on the basis of a marriage to someone other 
    than the participant.
        ``(5) Application--
            ``(A) Time limit; waiver.--A survivor annuity under this 
        subsection shall not be payable unless appropriate written 
        application is provided to the Director, complete with any 
        supporting documentation which the Director may by regulation 
        require. Any such application shall be submitted not later than 
        October 1, 1995. The Director may waive the application deadline 
        under the preceding sentence in any case in which the Director 
        determines that the circumstances warrant such a waiver.
            ``(B) Retroactive benefits.--Upon approval of an application 
        provided under subparagraph (A), the appropriate survivor 
        annuity shall be payable to the former wife or husband with 
        respect to all periods before such approval during which the 
        former wife or husband was entitled to such annuity under this 
        subsection, but in no event shall a survivor annuity be payable 
        under this subsection with respect to any period before October 
        1, 1994.
        ``(6) Restoration of annuity.--Notwithstanding paragraph (5)(A), 
    the deadline by which an application for a survivor annuity must be 
    submitted shall not apply in cases in which a former spouse's 
    entitlement to such a survivor annuity is restored after October 1, 
    1994, under paragraph (2)(A) or (3)(B).
        ``(7) Applicability in cases of participants transferred to 
    fers.--
            ``(A) Entitlement.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), 
        this subsection shall apply to a former wife or husband of a 
        participant under the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and 
        Disability System who has elected to become subject to chapter 
        84 of title 5, United States Code.
            ``(B) Amount of annuity.--The survivor annuity of a person 
        covered by subparagraph (A) shall be equal to 50 percent of the 
        unreduced amount of the participant's annuity computed in 
        accordance with section 302(a) of the Federal Employees' 
        Retirement System Act of 1986 [Pub. L. 99-335, 5 U.S.C. 8331 
        note] and shall be reduced by an amount equal to any survivor 
        annuity payments made to the former wife or husband under 
        section 8445 of title 5, United States Code.
    ``(b) Retirement Annuity.--
        ``(1) In general.--
            ``(A) Entitlement of former wife or husband.--A person 
        described in subsection (a)(1)(A) shall be entitled, except to 
        the extent such former spouse is disqualified under paragraph 
        (2), to an annuity--
                ``(i) if married to the participant throughout the 
            creditable service of the participant, equal to 50 percent 
            of the annuity of the participant; or
                ``(ii) if not married to the participant throughout such 
            creditable service, equal to that former wife's or husband's 
            pro rata share of 50 percent of such annuity (determined in 
            accordance with section 222(a)(1)(B) of the Central 
            Intelligence Agency Retirement Act (50 U.S.C. 2032 
            (a)(1)(B)).
            ``(B) Reduction in retirement annuities.--
                ``(i) Amount of reduction.--An annuity payable under 
            this subsection shall be reduced by an amount equal to any 
            apportionment payments payable to the former wife or husband 
            pursuant to the terms of a court order incident to the 
            dissolution of the marriage of such former spouse and the 
            participant, former participant, or retired participant.
                ``(ii) Definition of terms.--For purposes of clause (i):
          ``(I) Apportionment.--The term `apportionment' means a portion 
                of a retired participant's annuity payable to a former 
                wife or husband either by the retired participant or the 
                Government in accordance with the terms of a court 
                order.
          ``(II) Court order.--The term `court order' means any decree 
                of divorce or annulment or any court order or court-
                approved property settlement agreement incident to such 
                decree.
        ``(2) Limitations.--A former wife or husband is not entitled to 
    an annuity under this subsection if--
            ``(A) the former wife or husband remarries before age 55, 
        except that the entitlement of the former wife or husband to an 
        annuity under this subsection shall be restored on the date such 
        remarriage is dissolved by death, annulment, or divorce;
            ``(B) the former wife or husband is less than 50 years of 
        age; or
            ``(C) the former wife or husband meets the definition of 
        `former spouse' that was in effect under section 204(b)(4) of 
        the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for 
        Certain Employees before December 4, 1991 [section 204(b)(4) of 
        Pub. L. 88-643 prior to enactment of Pub. L. 102-496, formerly 
        set out as a note under section 403 of this title].
        ``(3) Commencement and termination.--
            ``(A) Retirement annuities.--The entitlement of a former 
        wife or husband to an annuity under this subsection--
                ``(i) shall commence on the later of--
          ``(I) October 1, 1994;
          ``(II) the day the participant upon whose service the right to 
                the annuity is based becomes entitled to an annuity 
                under such Act [probably means Central Intelligence 
                Agency Retirement Act, 50 U.S.C. 2001 et seq.]; or
          ``(III) such former wife's or husband's 50th birthday; and
                ``(ii) shall terminate on the earlier of--
          ``(I) the last day of the month before the former wife or 
                husband dies or remarries before 55 years of age, except 
                that the entitlement of the former wife or husband to an 
                annuity under this subsection shall be restored on the 
                date such remarriage is dissolved by death, annulment, 
                or divorce; or
          ``(II) the date on which the annuity of the participant 
                terminates.
            ``(B) Disability annuities.--Notwithstanding subparagraph 
        (A)(i)(II), in the case of a former wife or husband of a 
        disability annuitant--
                ``(i) the annuity of the former wife or husband shall 
            commence on the date on which the participant would qualify 
            on the basis of the participant's creditable service for an 
            annuity under the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act 
            [50 U.S.C. 2001 et seq.] (other than a disability annuity) 
            or the date the disability annuity begins, whichever is 
            later; and
                ``(ii) the amount of the annuity of the former wife or 
            husband shall be calculated on the basis of the annuity for 
            which the participant would otherwise so qualify.
            ``(C) Election of benefits.--A former wife or husband of a 
        participant or retired participant shall not become entitled 
        under this subsection to an annuity or to the restoration of an 
        annuity unless the former wife or husband elects to receive it 
        instead of any survivor annuity to which the former wife or 
        husband may be entitled under the Central Intelligence Agency 
        Retirement and Disability System or any other retirement system 
        for Government employees on the basis of a marriage to someone 
        other than the participant.
            ``(D) Application.--
                ``(i) Time limit; waiver.--An annuity under this 
            subsection shall not be payable unless appropriate written 
            application is provided to the Director of Central 
            Intelligence, complete with any supporting documentation 
            which the Director may by regulation require, not later than 
            October 1, 1995. The Director may waive the application 
            deadline under the preceding sentence in any case in which 
            the Director determines that the circumstances warrant such 
            a waiver.
                ``(ii) Retroactive benefits.--Upon approval of an 
            application under clause (i), the appropriate annuity shall 
            be payable to the former wife or husband with respect to all 
            periods before such approval during which the former wife or 
            husband was entitled to an annuity under this subsection, 
            but in no event shall an annuity be payable under this 
            subsection with respect to any period before October 1, 
            1994.
        ``(4) Restoration of annuities.--Notwithstanding paragraph 
    (3)(D)(i), the deadline by which an application for a retirement 
    annuity must be submitted shall not apply in cases in which a former 
    spouse's entitlement to such annuity is restored after October 1, 
    1994, under paragraph (2)(A) or (3)(A)(ii).
        ``(5) Applicability in cases of participants transferred to 
    fers.--The provisions of this subsection shall apply to a former 
    wife or husband of a participant under the Central Intelligence 
    Agency Retirement and Disability System who has elected to become 
    subject to chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code. For purposes 
    of this paragraph, any reference in this section to a participant's 
    annuity under the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and 
    Disability System shall be deemed to refer to the transferred 
    participant's annuity computed in accordance with section 302(a) of 
    the Federal Employee's Retirement System Act of 1986 [Pub. L. 99-
    335, 5 U.S.C. 8331 note].
        ``(6) Savings provision.--Nothing in this subsection shall be 
    construed to impair, reduce, or otherwise affect the annuity or the 
    entitlement to an annuity of a participant or former participant 
    under title II or III of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement 
    Act [50 U.S.C. 2011 et seq., 2151 et seq.].
    ``(c) Health Benefits.--[Amended section 403p of this title.]
    ``(d) Source of Payment for Annuities.--Annuities provided under 
subsections (a) and (b) shall be payable from the Central Intelligence 
Agency Retirement and Disability Fund maintained under section 202 of 
the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act (50 U.S.C. 2012).
    ``(e) Effective Date.--
        ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), 
    subsections (a) and (b) shall take effect as of October 1, 1994, the 
    amendments made by subsection (c) [amending section 403p of this 
    title] shall apply to individuals on and after October 1, 1994, and 
    no benefits provided pursuant to those subsections shall be payable 
    with respect to any period before October 1, 1994.
        ``(2) Section 16(d) of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 
    1949 (as added by subsection (c) of this section) [50 U.S.C. 
    403p(d)] shall apply to individuals beginning on the date of 
    enactment of this Act [Dec. 3, 1993].''

                  Section Referred to in Other Sections

    This section is referred to in sections 403n, 2031, 2033, 2052, 2094 
of this title.
