
From the U.S. Code Online via GPO Access
[wais.access.gpo.gov]
[Laws in effect as of January 2, 2001]
[Document not affected by Public Laws enacted between
  January 2, 2001 and January 28, 2002]
[CITE: 7USC2012]

 
                          TITLE 7--AGRICULTURE
 
                     CHAPTER 51--FOOD STAMP PROGRAM
 
Sec. 2012. Definitions

    As used in this chapter, the term:
    (a) ``Allotment'' means the total value of coupons a household is 
authorized to receive during each month.
    (b) ``Authorization card'' means the document issued by the State 
agency to an eligible household which shows the allotment the household 
is entitled to be issued.
    (c) ``Certification period'' means the period for which households 
shall be eligible to receive authorization cards. The certification 
period shall not exceed 12 months, except that the certification period 
may be up to 24 months if all adult household members are elderly or 
disabled. A State agency shall have at least 1 contact with each 
certified household every 12 months.
    (d) ``Coupon'' means any coupon, stamp, type of certificate, 
authorization card, cash or check issued in lieu of a coupon, or access 
device, including an electronic benefit transfer card or personal 
identification number, issued pursuant to the provisions of this 
chapter.
    (e) ``Coupon issuer'' means any office of the State agency or any 
person, partnership, corporation, organization, political subdivision, 
or other entity with which a State agency has contracted for, or to 
which it has delegated functional responsibility in connection with, the 
issuance of coupons to households.
    (f) ``Drug addiction or alcoholic treatment and rehabilitation 
program'' means any such program conducted by a private nonprofit 
organization or institution, or a publicly operated community mental 
health center, under part B of title XIX of the Public Health Service 
Act (42 U.S.C. 300x et seq.) to provide treatment that can lead to the 
rehabilitation of drug addicts or alcoholics.
    (g) ``Food'' means (1) any food or food product for home consumption 
except alcoholic beverages, tobacco, and hot foods or hot food products 
ready for immediate consumption other than those authorized pursuant to 
clauses (3), (4), (5), (7), (8), and (9) of this subsection, (2) seeds 
and plants for use in gardens to produce food for the personal 
consumption of the eligible household, (3) in the case of those persons 
who are sixty years of age or over or who receive supplemental security 
income benefits or disability or blindness payments under title I, II, 
X, XIV, or XVI of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 301 et seq., 401 et 
seq., 1201 et seq., 1351 et seq., 1381 et seq.], and their spouses, 
meals prepared by and served in senior citizens' centers, apartment 
buildings occupied primarily by such persons, public or private 
nonprofit establishments (eating or otherwise) that feed such persons, 
private establishments that contract with the appropriate agency of the 
State to offer meals for such persons at concessional prices, and meals 
prepared for and served to residents of federally subsidized housing for 
the elderly, (4) in the case of persons sixty years of age or over and 
persons who are physically or mentally handicapped or otherwise so 
disabled that they are unable adequately to prepare all of their meals, 
meals prepared for and delivered to them (and their spouses) at their 
home by a public or private nonprofit organization or by a private 
establishment that contracts with the appropriate State agency to 
perform such services at concessional prices, (5) in the case of 
narcotics addicts or alcoholics, and their children, served by drug 
addiction or alcoholic treatment and rehabilitation programs, meals 
prepared and served under such programs, (6) in the case of certain 
eligible households living in Alaska, equipment for procuring food by 
hunting and fishing, such as nets, hooks, rods, harpoons, and knives 
(but not equipment for purposes of transportation, clothing, or shelter, 
and not firearms, ammunition, and explosives) if the Secretary 
determines that such households are located in an area of the State 
where it is extremely difficult to reach stores selling food and that 
such households depend to a substantial extent upon hunting and fishing 
for subsistence, (7) in the case of disabled or blind recipients of 
benefits under title I, II, X, XIV, or XVI of the Social Security Act 
[42 U.S.C. 301 et seq., 401 et seq., 1201 et seq., 1351 et seq., 1381 et 
seq.], or are \1\ individuals described in paragraphs (2) through (7) of 
subsection (r) of this section, who are residents in a public or private 
nonprofit group living arrangement that serves no more than sixteen 
residents and is certified by the appropriate State agency or agencies 
under regulations issued under section 1616(e) of the Social Security 
Act [42 U.S.C. 1382e(e)] or under standards determined by the Secretary 
to be comparable to standards implemented by appropriate State agencies 
under such section, meals prepared and served under such arrangement, 
(8) in the case of women and children temporarily residing in public or 
private nonprofit shelters for battered women and children, meals 
prepared and served, by such shelters, and (9) in the case of households 
that do not reside in permanent dwellings and households that have no 
fixed mailing addresses, meals prepared for and served by a public or 
private nonprofit establishment (approved by an appropriate State or 
local agency) that feeds such individuals and by private establishments 
that contract with the appropriate agency of the State to offer meals 
for such individuals at concessional prices.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ So in original. The word ``are'' probably should not appear.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (h) ``Food stamp program'' means the program operated pursuant to 
the provisions of this chapter.
    (i) ``Household'' means (1) an individual who lives alone or who, 
while living with others, customarily purchases food and prepares meals 
for home consumption separate and apart from the others, or (2) a group 
of individuals who live together and customarily purchase food and 
prepare meals together for home consumption. Spouses who live together, 
parents and their children 21 years of age or younger who live together, 
and children (excluding foster children) under 18 years of age who live 
with and are under the parental control of a person other than their 
parent together with the person exercising parental control shall be 
treated as a group of individuals who customarily purchase and prepare 
meals together for home consumption even if they do not do so. 
Notwithstanding the preceding sentences, an individual who lives with 
others, who is sixty years of age or older, and who is unable to 
purchase food and prepare meals because such individual suffers, as 
certified by a licensed physician, from a disability which would be 
considered a permanent disability under section 221(i) of the Social 
Security Act (42 U.S.C. 421(i)) or from a severe, permanent, and 
disabling physical or mental infirmity which is not symptomatic of a 
disease shall be considered, together with any of the others who is the 
spouse of such individual, an individual household, without regard to 
the purchase of food and preparation of meals, if the income (as 
determined under section 2014(d) of this title) of the others, excluding 
the spouse, does not exceed the poverty line, as described in section 
2014(c)(1) of this title, by more than 65 per centum. In no event shall 
any individual or group of individuals constitute a household if they 
reside in an institution or boarding house, or else live with others and 
pay compensation to the others for meals. For the purposes of this 
subsection, residents of federally subsidized housing for the elderly, 
disabled or blind recipients of benefits under title I, II, X, XIV, or 
XVI of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 301 et seq., 401 et seq., 1201 
et seq., 1351 et seq., 1381 et seq.], or are \1\ individuals described 
in paragraphs (2) through (7) of subsection (r) of this section, who are 
residents in a public or private nonprofit group living arrangement that 
serves no more than sixteen residents and is certified by the 
appropriate State agency or agencies under regulations issued under 
section 1616(e) of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1382e(e)] or under 
standards determined by the Secretary to be comparable to standards 
implemented by appropriate State agencies under such section, temporary 
residents of public or private nonprofit shelters for battered women and 
children, residents of public or private nonprofit shelters for 
individuals who do not reside in permanent dwellings or have no fixed 
mailing addresses, who are otherwise eligible for coupons, and narcotics 
addicts or alcoholics, together with their children, who live under the 
supervision of a private nonprofit institution, or a publicly operated 
community mental health center, for the purpose of regular participation 
in a drug or alcoholic treatment program shall not be considered 
residents of institutions and shall be considered individual households.
    (j) ``Reservation'' means the geographically defined area or areas 
over which a tribal organization (as that term is defined in subsection 
(p) of this section) exercises governmental jurisdiction.
    (k) ``Retail food store'' means--
        (1) an establishment or house-to-house trade route that sells 
    food for home preparation and consumption and--
            (A) offers for sale, on a continuous basis, a variety of 
        foods in each of the 4 categories of staple foods specified in 
        subsection (u)(1) of this section, including perishable foods in 
        at least 2 of the categories; or
            (B) has over 50 percent of the total sales of the 
        establishment or route in staple foods,

    as determined by visual inspection, sales records, purchase records, 
    counting of stockkeeping units, or other inventory or accounting 
    recordkeeping methods that are customary or reasonable in the retail 
    food industry;
        (2) an establishment, organization, program, or group living 
    arrangement referred to in subsections (g)(3), (4), (5), (7), (8), 
    and (9) of this section;
        (3) a store purveying the hunting and fishing equipment 
    described in subsection (g)(6) of this section; and
        (4) any private nonprofit cooperative food purchasing venture, 
    including those in which the members pay for food purchased prior to 
    the receipt of such food.
    (l) ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of Agriculture.
    (m) ``State'' means the fifty States, the District of Columbia, 
Guam, the Virgin Islands of the United States, and the reservations of 
an Indian tribe whose tribal organization meets the requirements of this 
chapter for participation as a State agency.
    (n) ``State agency'' means (1) the agency of State government, 
including the local offices thereof, which has the responsibility for 
the administration of the federally aided public assistance programs 
within such State, and in those States where such assistance programs 
are operated on a decentralized basis, the term shall include the 
counterpart local agencies administering such programs, and (2) the 
tribal organization of an Indian tribe determined by the Secretary to be 
capable of effectively administering a food distribution program under 
section 2013(b) of this title or a food stamp program under section 
2020(d) of this title.
    (o) ``Thrifty food plan'' means the diet required to feed a family 
of four persons consisting of a man and a woman twenty through fifty, a 
child six through eight, and a child nine through eleven years of age, 
determined in accordance with the Secretary's calculations. The cost of 
such diet shall be the basis for uniform allotments for all households 
regardless of their actual composition, except that the Secretary 
shall--
        (1) make household-size adjustments (based on the unrounded cost 
    of such diet) taking into account economies of scale;
        (2) make cost adjustments in the thrifty food plan for Hawaii 
    and the urban and rural parts of Alaska to reflect the cost of food 
    in Hawaii and urban and rural Alaska;
        (3) make cost adjustments in the separate thrifty food plans for 
    Guam, and the Virgin Islands of the United States to reflect the 
    cost of food in those States, but not to exceed the cost of food in 
    the fifty States and the District of Columbia; and
        (4) on October 1, 1996, and each October 1 thereafter, adjust 
    the cost of the diet to reflect the cost of the diet in the 
    preceding June, and round the result to the nearest lower dollar 
    increment for each household size, except that on October 1, 1996, 
    the Secretary may not reduce the cost of the diet in effect on 
    September 30, 1996.

    (p) ``Tribal organization'' means the recognized governing body of 
an Indian tribe (including the tribally recognized intertribal 
organization of such tribes), as the term ``Indian tribe'' is defined in 
the Indian Self-Determination Act (25 U.S.C. 450b(b)), as well as any 
Indian tribe, band, or community holding a treaty with a State 
government.
    (q) ``Allowable medical expenses'' means expenditures for (1) 
medical and dental care, (2) hospitalization or nursing care (including 
hospitalization or nursing care of an individual who was a household 
member immediately prior to entering a hospital or nursing home), (3) 
prescription drugs when prescribed by a licensed practitioner authorized 
under State law and over-the-counter medication (including insulin) when 
approved by a licensed practitioner or other qualified health 
professional, (4) health and hospitalization insurance policies 
(excluding the costs of health and accident or income maintenance 
policies), (5) medicare premiums related to coverage under title XVIII 
of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1395 et seq.], (6) dentures, 
hearing aids, and prosthetics (including the costs of securing and 
maintaining a seeing eye dog), (7) eye glasses prescribed by a physician 
skilled in eye disease or by an optometrist, (8) reasonable costs of 
transportation necessary to secure medical treatment or services, and 
(9) maintaining an attendant, homemaker, home health aide, housekeeper, 
or child care services due to age, infirmity, or illness.
    (r) ``Elderly or disabled member'' means a member of a household 
who--
        (1) is sixty years of age or older;
        (2)(A) receives supplemental security income benefits under 
    title XVI of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1381 et seq.), or 
    Federally or State administered supplemental benefits of the type 
    described in section 212(a) of Public Law 93-66 (42 U.S.C. 1382 
    note), or
        (B) receives Federally or State administered supplemental 
    assistance of the type described in section 1616(a) of the Social 
    Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1382e(a)), interim assistance pending 
    receipt of supplemental security income, disability-related medical 
    assistance under title XIX of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 
    1396 et seq.), or disability-based State general assistance 
    benefits, if the Secretary determines that such benefits are 
    conditioned on meeting disability or blindness criteria at least as 
    stringent as those used under title XVI of the Social Security Act;
        (3) receives disability or blindness payments under title I, II, 
    X, XIV, or XVI of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 301 et seq., 
    401 et seq., 1201 et seq., 1351 et seq., 1381 et seq.] or receives 
    disability retirement benefits from a governmental agency because of 
    a disability considered permanent under section 221(i) of the Social 
    Security Act (42 U.S.C. 421(i));
        (4) is a veteran who--
            (A) has a service-connected or non-service-connected 
        disability which is rated as total under title 38; or
            (B) is considered in need of regular aid and attendance or 
        permanently housebound under such title;

        (5) is a surviving spouse of a veteran and--
            (A) is considered in need of regular aid and attendance or 
        permanently housebound under title 38; or
            (B) is entitled to compensation for a service-connected 
        death or pension benefits for a non-service-connected death 
        under title 38, and has a disability considered permanent under 
        section 221(i) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 421(i));

        (6) is a child of a veteran and--
            (A) is considered permanently incapable of self-support 
        under section 1314 of title 38; or
            (B) is entitled to compensation for a service-connected 
        death or pension benefits for a non-service-connected death 
        under title 38, and has a disability considered permanent under 
        section 221(i) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 421(i)); or

        (7) is an individual receiving an annuity under section 
    2(a)(1)(iv) or 2(a)(1)(v) of the Railroad Retirement Act of 1974 (45 
    U.S.C. 231a(a)(1)(iv) or 231a(a)(1)(v)), if the individual's service 
    as an employee under the Railroad Retirement Act of 1974 [45 U.S.C. 
    231 et seq.], after December 31, 1936, had been included in the term 
    ``employment'' as defined in the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 301 
    et seq.], and if an application for disability benefits had been 
    filed.

    (s) ``Homeless individual'' means--
        (1) an individual who lacks a fixed and regular nighttime 
    residence; or
        (2) an individual who has a primary nighttime residence that 
    is--
            (A) a supervised publicly or privately operated shelter 
        (including a welfare hotel or congregate shelter) designed to 
        provide temporary living accommodations;
            (B) an institution that provides a temporary residence for 
        individuals intended to be institutionalized;
            (C) a temporary accommodation for not more than 90 days in 
        the residence of another individual; or
            (D) a public or private place not designed for, or 
        ordinarily used as, a regular sleeping accommodation for human 
        beings.

    (t) ``Access device'' means any card, plate, code, account number, 
or other means of access that can be used, alone or in conjunction with 
another access device, to obtain payments, allotments, benefits, money, 
goods, or other things of value, or that can be used to initiate a 
transfer of funds under this chapter.
    (u)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), ``staple foods'' means 
foods (as defined in subsection (g) of this section) in the following 
categories:
        (A) Meat, poultry, or fish.
        (B) Bread or cereals.
        (C) Vegetables or fruits.
        (D) Dairy products.

    (2) ``Staple foods'' do not include accessory food items, such as 
coffee, tea, cocoa, carbonated and uncarbonated drinks, candy, 
condiments, and spices.

(Pub. L. 88-525, Sec. 3, Aug. 31, 1964, 78 Stat. 703; Pub. L. 91-671, 
Sec. 2, Jan. 11, 1971, 84 Stat. 2048; Pub. L. 92-603, title IV, 
Sec. 411(a), (b), Oct. 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 1491; Pub. L. 93-86, 
Sec. 3(a)-(c), (l), (o), (p), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 246, 248, 249; 
Pub. L. 93-125, Sec. 1(h), Oct. 18, 1973, 87 Stat. 450; Pub. L. 94-339, 
Sec. 4, July 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 801; Pub. L. 95-113, title XIII, 
Secs. 1301, 1302(a)(1), Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 958, 979; Pub. L. 96-
58, Secs. 3, 7, Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 390, 392; Pub. L. 96-181, 
Sec. 15(b), Jan. 2, 1980, 93 Stat. 1316; Pub. L. 96-249, title I, 
Secs. 101(a), 111, 135, May 26, 1980, 94 Stat. 357, 360, 369; Pub. L. 
97-35, title I, Secs. 101-103, 108(a), 116(a)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 
Stat. 358, 361, 364; Pub. L. 97-98, title XII, Secs. 1302-1304, Dec. 22, 
1981, 95 Stat. 1282; Pub. L. 97-253, title I, Secs. 142, 143(a), 144, 
145(a), (b), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 772-774; Pub. L. 98-204, Sec. 3, 
Dec. 2, 1983, 97 Stat. 1385; Pub. L. 99-198, title XV, Secs. 1501(a), 
1502-1504, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1566; Pub. L. 99-570, title XI, 
Sec. 11002(a)-(c), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207-167, 3207-168; Pub. L. 
100-77, title VIII, Secs. 801, 802(a), July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 533, 
534; Pub. L. 100-435, title I, Sec. 120, title III, Sec. 350, Sept. 19, 
1988, 102 Stat. 1655, 1664; Pub. L. 101-624, title XVII, Secs. 1712, 
1713(a), 1747(b), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3783, 3796; Pub. L. 102-83, 
Sec. 5(c)(2), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 406; Pub. L. 102-237, title IX, 
Secs. 901, 941(1), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1884, 1891; Pub. L. 102-351, 
Sec. 1, Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 937; Pub. L. 103-66, title XIII, 
Secs. 13931, 13932, Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 676; Pub. L. 103-225, title 
I, Sec. 101(b)(1), title II, Sec. 201, Mar. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 107, 
108; Pub. L. 103-354, title III, Sec. 303(a), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 
3239; Pub. L. 104-193, title VIII, Secs. 801-805, Aug. 22, 1996, 110 
Stat. 2308, 2309.)

                       References in Text

    The Public Health Service Act, referred to in subsec. (f), is act 
July 1, 1944, ch. 373, 58 Stat. 682, as amended. Part B of title XIX of 
the Act is classified generally to part B (Sec. 300x et seq.) of 
subchapter XVII of chapter 6A of Title 42, The Public Health and 
Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short 
Title note set out under section 201 of Title 42 and Tables.
    The Social Security Act, referred to in subsecs. (g), (i), (q), and 
(r), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620, as amended, which is 
classified generally to chapter 7 (Sec. 301 et seq.) of Title 42. Titles 
I, II, X, XIV, XVI, XVIII, and XIX of the Social Security Act are 
classified generally to subchapters I (Sec. 301 et seq.), II (Sec. 401 
et seq.), X (Sec. 1201 et seq.), XIV (Sec. 1351 et seq.), XVI (Sec. 1381 
et seq.), XVIII (Sec. 1395 et seq.), and XIX (Sec. 1396 et seq.), 
respectively, of chapter 7 of Title 42. For complete classification of 
this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.
    The Indian Self-Determination Act (25 U.S.C. 450b(b)), referred to 
in subsec. (p), probably means the Indian Self-Determination and 
Education Assistance Act, Pub. L. 93-638, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2203, 
as amended, which is classified principally to subchapter II (Sec. 450 
et seq.) of chapter 14 of Title 25, Indians. Section 450b of Title 25 
was amended generally by Pub. L. 100-472, title I, Sec. 103, Oct. 5, 
1988, 102 Stat. 2286, and, as so amended, subsec. (b) of such section no 
longer defines the term ``Indian tribe''. However, such term is defined 
elsewhere in that section. For complete classification of this Act to 
the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 450 of Title 25 and 
Tables.
    The Railroad Retirement Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (r)(7), 
is act Aug. 29, 1935, ch. 812, as amended generally by Pub. L. 93-445, 
title I, Sec. 101, Oct. 16, 1974, 88 Stat. 1305, which is classified 
generally to subchapter IV (Sec. 231 et seq.) of chapter 9 of Title 45, 
Railroads. For further details and complete classification of this Act 
to the Code, see Codification note set out preceding section 231 of 
Title 45, section 231t of Title 45, and Tables.


                               Amendments

    1996--Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104-193, Sec. 801, substituted second and 
third sentences containing provisions relating to limits on 
certification period and requirement of yearly contact with household 
for provisions setting limits to certification period for households 
required to submit periodic reports, households whose members all 
receive federal assistance grant, households of unemployable, elderly or 
primarily self-employed individuals, and all other households, and 
allowing waivers.
    Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104-193, Sec. 802, substituted ``type of 
certificate, authorization card, cash or check issued in lieu of a 
coupon, or access device, including an electronic benefit transfer card 
or personal identification number,'' for ``or type of certificate''.
    Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 104-193, Sec. 803, in second sentence, struck 
out ``(who are not themselves parents living with their children or 
married and living with their spouses)'' after ``age or younger''.
    Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 104-193, Sec. 804, in second sentence, 
substituted ``the Secretary shall--'' for ``the Secretary shall'', 
realigned margins of pars. (1) to (3), substituted semicolon for comma 
at end of pars. (1) and (2) and ``; and'' for comma at end of par. (3), 
added par. (4), and struck out former pars. (4) to (11) which authorized 
adjustment of cost of thrifty food plan diet to reflect changes in cost 
of food constituting diet for period from Jan. 1, 1980, to Oct. 1, 1990, 
and each Oct. 1 thereafter, and prohibited Secretary from reducing cost 
of such diet on Oct. 1, 1992, and, in case of households residing in 
Alaska, on Oct. 1, 1994.
    Subsec. (s)(2)(C). Pub. L. 104-193, Sec. 805, inserted ``for not 
more than 90 days'' after ``temporary accommodation''.
    1994--Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103-225, Sec. 101(b)(1), substituted 
``Except as provided in section 2015(c)(1)(C) of this title, for'' for 
``For''.
    Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 103-225, Sec. 201(1), realigned margins of 
pars. (1) to (4), substituted semicolon for comma at end of pars. (2) 
and (3), and substituted ``means--'' for ``means'' and par. (1) for 
former par. (1) which read as follows: ``an establishment or recognized 
department thereof or house-to-house trade route, over 50 per centum of 
whose food sales volume, as determined by visual inspection, sales 
records, purchase records, or other inventory or accounting 
recordkeeping methods that are customary or reasonable in the retail 
food industry, consists of staple food items for home preparation and 
consumption, such as meat, poultry, fish, bread, cereals, vegetables, 
fruits, dairy products, and the like, but not including accessory food 
items, such as coffee, tea, cocoa, carbonated and uncarbonated drinks, 
candy, condiments, and spices,''.
    Subsec. (o)(11). Pub. L. 103-354 inserted ``and (in the case of 
households residing in Alaska) on October 1, 1994,'' after ``1992,''.
    Subsec. (u). Pub. L. 103-225, Sec. 201(2), added subsec. (u).
    1993--Subsec. (g)(5). Pub. L. 103-66, Sec. 13932(2), inserted ``, 
and their children,'' after ``or alcoholics''.
    Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 103-66, Sec. 13932(1), in last sentence 
inserted ``, together with their children,'' after ``narcotics addicts 
or alcoholics''.
    Pub. L. 103-66, Sec. 13931, in first sentence, substituted ``or (2) 
a group of individuals'' for ``(2) a group of individuals'' and 
substituted a period for ``, '' after end of cl. (2), inserted ``Spouses 
who live together, parents and their children 21 years of age or younger 
(who are not themselves parents living with their children or married 
and living with their spouses) who live together, and children 
(excluding foster children) under 18 years of age who live with and are 
under the parental control of a person other than their parent together 
with the person exercising parental control'' before ``shall be treated 
as a group of individuals'' to create new second sentence and struck out 
``, unless one of the parents, or siblings, is an elderly or disabled 
member'' after ``if they do not do so'', and in next sentence 
substituted ``Notwithstanding the preceding sentences'' for 
``Notwithstanding clause (1) of the preceding sentence''.
    1992--Subsec. (o)(11). Pub. L. 102-351 inserted before period at end 
``, except that on October 1, 1992, the Secretary may not reduce the 
cost of such diet''.
    1991--Subsecs. (g)(7), (i). Pub. L. 102-237, Sec. 901, inserted ``, 
or are individuals described in paragraphs (2) through (7) of subsection 
(r) of this section,'' after ``title I, II, X, XIV, or XVI of the Social 
Security Act''.
    Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 102-237, Sec. 941(1)(A), made technical 
amendment to reference to subsection (p) of this section involving 
corresponding provision of original act.
    Subsec. (o)(6). Pub. L. 102-237, Sec. 941(1)(B), substituted 
``percent'' for ``per centun'' [sic].
    Subsec. (r)(6)(A). Pub. L. 102-83 substituted ``section 1314 of 
title 38'' for ``section 414 of title 38''.
    Subsecs. (t), (u). Pub. L. 102-237, Sec. 941(1)(C), redesignated 
subsec. (u) as (t).
    1990--Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 101-624, Sec. 1712(a)(1), substituted 
``or disability or blindness payments under title I, II, X, XIV, or 
XVI'' for ``under title XVI''.
    Subsec. (g)(7). Pub. L. 101-624, Sec. 1712(a)(2), substituted 
``title I, II, X, XIV, or XVI'' for ``title II or title XVI'', and 
inserted ``or under standards determined by the Secretary to be 
comparable to standards implemented by appropriate State agencies under 
such section''.
    Subsec. (g)(9). Pub. L. 101-624, Sec. 1713(a), substituted 
``individuals and by private establishments that contract with the 
appropriate agency of the State to offer meals for such individuals at 
concessional prices'' for ``individuals and by a public or private 
nonprofit shelter (approved by an appropriate State or local agency) in 
which such households temporarily reside (except that such 
establishments and shelters may only request voluntary use of food 
stamps by such individuals and may not request such households to pay 
more than the average cost of the food contained in a meal served by the 
establishment or shelter).''
    Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 101-624, Sec. 1712(b), substituted ``title I, 
II, X, XIV, or XVI'' for ``title II or title XVI'', and inserted ``or 
under standards determined by the Secretary to be comparable to 
standards implemented by appropriate State agencies under such 
section''.
    Subsec. (u). Pub. L. 101-624, Sec. 1747(b), added subsec. (u).
    1988--Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 100-435, Sec. 120, inserted ``through 
October 1, 1987'' in cl. (8) and substituted cls. (9) to (11) for 
proviso that periods upon which adjustments are based would be subject 
to revision by Act of Congress.
    Subsec. (r)(2). Pub. L. 100-435, Sec. 350, amended par. (2) 
generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: ``receives 
supplemental security income benefits under title XVI of the Social 
Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1381 et seq.), federally or State administered 
supplemental benefits of the type described in section 1616(a) of the 
Social Security Act if the Secretary determines that such benefits are 
conditioned on meeting the disability or blindness criteria used under 
title XVI of the Social Security Act, or federally or State administered 
supplemental benefits of the type described in section 212(a) of Public 
Law 93-66 (42 U.S.C. 1382 note);''.
    1987--Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 100-77, Sec. 802(a), substituted ``(2)'' 
for ``or (2)'', inserted cl. (3), and inserted ``(other than as provided 
in clause (3))'' after ``except that''.
    Subsec. (s). Pub. L. 100-77, Sec. 801, added subsec. (s).
    1986--Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 99-570, Sec. 11002(a), substituted ``(8), 
and (9)'' for ``and (8)'' in cl. (1) and added cl. (9).
    Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 99-570, Sec. 11002(b), inserted ``residents of 
public or private nonprofit shelters for individuals who do not reside 
in permanent dwellings or have no fixed mailing addresses, who are 
otherwise eligible for coupons,''.
    Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 99-570, Sec. 11002(c), substituted ``(8), and 
(9)'' for ``and (8)''.
    1985--Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1501(a)(1), substituted ``, 
or a publicly operated community mental health center, under part B of 
title XIX of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300x et seq.) to 
provide'' for ``which is certified by the State agency or agencies 
designated by the Governor as responsible for the administration of the 
State's programs for alcoholics and drug addicts pursuant to Public Law 
91-616 (Comprehensive Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Prevention, 
Treatment, and Rehabilitation Act of 1970) and Public Law 92-255 (Drug 
Abuse Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Act) as providing''.
    Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1501(a)(2), inserted ``, or a 
publicly operated community mental health center,'' after ``private 
nonprofit institution'' in last sentence.
    Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1502, inserted ``, as determined 
by visual inspection, sales records, purchase records, or other 
inventory or accounting recordkeeping methods that are customary or 
reasonable in the retail food industry,'' in cl. (1).
    Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1503, substituted ``fifty'' for 
``fifty-four''.
    Subsec. (r)(2). Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1504(1), inserted ``, federally 
or State administered supplemental benefits of the type described in 
section 1616(a) of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1382e(a)] if the 
Secretary determines that such benefits are conditioned on meeting the 
disability or blindness criteria used under title XVI of the Social 
Security Act, or federally or State administered supplemental benefits 
of the type described in section 212(a) of Public Law 93-66 (42 U.S.C. 
1382 note)''.
    Subsec. (r)(3). Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1504(2), inserted ``or receives 
disability retirement benefits from a governmental agency because of a 
disability considered permanent under section 221(i) of the Social 
Security Act (42 U.S.C. 421(i))''.
    Subsec. (r)(4)(A). Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1504(3), inserted ``or non-
service-connected'' after ``service-connected''.
    Subsec. (r)(7). Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1504(4)-(6), added par. (7).
    1983--Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98-204, Sec. 3(1), substituted ``the 
foregoing limits on the certification period may, with the approval of 
the Secretary, be waived by a State agency for certain categories of 
households where such waiver will improve the administration of the 
program'' for ``the limit of twelve months may be waived by the 
Secretary to improve the administration of the program'' in provisions 
preceding par. (1).
    Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 98-204, Sec. 3(2), inserted provision that 
``The maximum limit of twelve months for such period under the foregoing 
proviso may be waived by the Secretary where such waiver will improve 
the administration of the program.''
    1982--Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 97-253, Secs. 142, 145(b), substituted 
``except that parents and children, or siblings, who live together shall 
be treated as a group of individuals who customarily purchase and 
prepare meals together for home consumption even if they do not do so, 
unless one of the parents, or siblings, is an elderly or disabled 
member'' for ``except that parents and children who live together shall 
be treated as a group of individuals who customarily purchase and 
prepare meals together for home consumption even if they do not do so, 
unless one of the parents is sixty years of age or older, or receives 
supplemental security income benefits under title XVI of the Social 
Security Act or disability or blindness payments under title I, II, X, 
XIV, or XVI of the Social Security Act'', and inserted provision that 
notwithstanding cl. (1) of the preceding sentence, an individual who 
lives with others, who is sixty years of age or older, and who is unable 
to purchase food and prepare meals because such individual suffers, as 
certified by a licensed physician, from a disability which would be 
considered a permanent disability under section 221(i) of the Social 
Security Act (42 U.S.C. 421(i)) or from a severe, permanent, and 
disabling physical or mental infirmity which is not symptomatic of a 
disease shall be considered, together with any of the others who is the 
spouse of such individual, an individual household, without regard to 
the purchase of food and preparation of meals, if the income (as 
determined under section 2014(d) of this title) of the others, excluding 
the spouse, does not exceed the poverty line, as described in section 
2014(c)(1) of this title, by more than 65 per centum.
    Subsec. (o)(1). Pub. L. 97-253, Sec. 143(a)(1), substituted 
``adjustments (based on the unrounded cost of such diet)'' for 
``adjustments''.
    Subsec. (o)(6). Pub. L. 97-253, Secs. 143(a)(2), 144, substituted 
provisions requiring the Secretary, on Oct. 1, 1982, to adjust the cost 
of the diet to reflect changes in the cost of the thrifty food plan for 
the twenty-one months ending June 30, 1982, reduce the cost of such diet 
by one per centum, and round the result to the nearest lower dollar 
increment for each household size for former provision requiring the 
Secretary, on Oct. 1, 1982, to adjust the cost of such diet to the 
nearest dollar increment to reflect the changes in the cost of the 
thrifty food plan for the twenty-one months ending on June 30, 1982.
    Subsec. (o)(7). Pub. L. 97-253, Secs. 143(a)(2), 144, substituted 
provisions requiring the Secretary, on Oct. 1, 1983, and Oct. 1, 1984, 
to adjust the cost of the diet to reflect changes in the cost of the 
thrifty food plan for the twelve months ending the preceding June 30, 
reduce the cost of such diet by one per centum, and round the result to 
the nearest lower dollar increment for each household size for former 
provision requiring the Secretary, on Oct. 1, 1983, and each Oct. 1 
thereafter, to adjust the cost of such diet to the nearest dollar 
increment to reflect changes in the cost of the thrifty food plan for 
the twelve months ending the preceding June 30.
    Subsec. (o)(8). Pub. L. 97-253, Secs. 143(a)(2), 144, added and 
amended par. (8).
    Subsec. (r). Pub. L. 97-253, Sec. 145(a), added subsec. (r).
    1981--Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97-35, Sec. 108(a), inserted provisions 
respecting waiver of twelve-month period for improvement of program.
    Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 97-98, Sec. 1302, inserted provision relating 
to supplemental security income benefits under title XVI of the Social 
Security Act or disability or blindness payments under title I, II, X, 
XIV, or XVI of the Social Security Act.
    Pub. L. 97-35, Secs. 101, 102, inserted provisions relating to 
treatment as a group of parents and children who live together, and 
restructured provisions respecting living with others and paying 
compensation for meals.
    Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 97-35, Sec. 116(a)(1), struck out reference to 
Puerto Rico.
    Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 97-98, Secs. 1303, 1304, substituted in cl. (2) 
``Hawaii and the urban and rural parts of Alaska to reflect the cost of 
food in Hawaii and urban and rural Alaska'' for ``Alaska and Hawaii to 
reflect the cost of food in those States'', in cl. (6) provision that on 
Oct. 1, 1982, the Secretary adjust the cost of such diet to reflect 
changes for the twenty-one months ending the preceding June 30, 1982, 
for provision that on Apr. 1, 1982, the Secretary adjust the cost of 
such diet to reflect changes for the fifteen months ending the preceding 
Dec. 31, in cl. (7) provision that on Oct. 1, 1983, and each Oct. 1 
thereafter, the Secretary adjust the cost of such diet to reflect 
changes for the twelve months ending the preceding June 30, for 
provision that on July 1, 1983, the Secretary adjust the cost of such 
diet to reflect changes for the fifteen months ending the preceding Mar. 
31, struck out cl. (8) which provided that on Oct. 1, 1984, the 
Secretary adjust the cost of such diet to reflect changes for the 
fifteen months ending the preceding June 30, and struck out cl. (9) 
which provided that on Oct. 1, 1985, and each Oct. 1 thereafter, the 
Secretary adjust the cost of such diet to reflect changes for the twelve 
months ending the preceding June 30, and, as of every Jan. 1 thereafter, 
for the nine months ending the preceding Sept. 30 and the subsequent 
three months ending Dec. 31 as projected by the Secretary in light of 
the best available data, and inserted provision that the periods upon 
which adjustments are based be subject to revision by Act of Congress.
    Pub. L. 97-35, Secs. 103, 116(a)(1) struck out applicability to 
Puerto Rico in clause (3), substituted provisions respecting adjustments 
on Apr. 1, 1982, for provisions respecting adjustments on Jan. 1, 1982, 
in cl. (6), and added cls. (7) to (9).
    1980--Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96-249, Sec. 111, inserted provisions 
requiring that for those households that are required to submit periodic 
reports under section 2015(c)(1) of this title, the certification period 
be at least six months but no longer than twelve months.
    Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 96-181 substituted ``Drug Abuse Prevention, 
Treatment, and Rehabilitation Act'' for ``Drug Abuse Office and 
Treatment Act of 1972''.
    Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 96-249, Sec. 101(a)(1)-(3), substituted ``(7), 
and (8)'' for ``and (7)'' in cl. (1) and added cl. (8).
    Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 96-249, Sec. 101(a)(4), inserted ``temporary 
residents of public or private nonprofit shelters for battered women and 
children,'' after ``section 1616(e) of the Social Security Act,''.
    Subsec. (k)(2). Pub. L. 96-249, Sec. 101(a)(5), substituted ``(7), 
and (8)'' for ``and (7)''.
    Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 96-249, Sec. 135, inserted ``through January 1, 
1980,'' before ``adjust the cost'' in cl. (4) and added cls. (5) and 
(6).
    1979--Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 96-58, Sec. 7(1)-(3), substituted 
``clauses (3), (4), (5), and (7)'' for ``clauses (3), (4), and (5)'' and 
added cl. (7) relating to disabled or blind recipients of benefits who 
are residents in certain public or private nonprofit group living 
arrangements.
    Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 96-58, Sec. 7(4), (5), inserted provisions 
relating to disabled or blind recipients of benefits who are residents 
in certain public or private nonprofit group living arrangements and 
inserted provisions that all residents of federally subsidized housing 
for the elderly, disabled or blind recipients of benefits, and narcotic 
addicts or alcoholics who live under the supervision of a private 
nonprofit institution for the purpose of regular participation in a drug 
or alcoholic treatment program be considered individual households.
    Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 96-58, Sec. 7(6), inserted reference to group 
living arrangements referred to in subsec. (g)(7) of this section in cl. 
(2).
    Subsec. (q). Pub. L. 96-58, Sec. 3, added subsec. (q).
    1977--Pub. L. 95-113 redefined terms ``Secretary'', ``food'', 
``coupon'', ``household'', ``retail food store'', ``State agency'', 
``State'', ``food stamp program'', and ``drug addiction or alcoholic 
treatment and rehabilitation program'' and changed designations of those 
terms, as thus redefined, from subsecs. (a), (b), (c), (e), (f), (h), 
(j), (k), and (n), respectively, to (l), (g), (d), (i), (k), (n), (m), 
(h), and (f), substituted definitions of ``allotment'', ``authorization 
card'', and ``coupon issuer'' for ``coupon allotment'', ``authorization 
to purchase card'', and ``coupon vendor'', respectively, and changed 
designations of those terms as thus substituted from subsecs. (d), (m), 
and (o), respectively, to (a), (b), and (e), struck out definitions of 
``wholesale food concern'', ``bank'', and ``elderly person'' which had 
been set out, respectively, in subsecs. (g), (i), and (l), and inserted 
definitions of ``certification period'', ``reservation'', ``thrifty food 
plan'', and ``tribal organization'' in subsecs. (c), (j), (o), and (p), 
respectively.
    1976--Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 94-339 added subsec. (o).
    1973--Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93-86, Sec. 3(l), substituted ``home'' 
for ``human'' and substituted provisions including in definition of 
``food'' seeds and plants for use in gardens to produce food for the 
personal consumption of the eligible household, for provisions excluding 
from such definition foods identified on the package as imported and 
imported meat and meat products.
    Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 93-125 substituted ``foregoing'' for 
``foreoging''.
    Pub. L. 93-86, Sec. 3(a), (b), (p), inserted provision of cl. (3) 
relating to inclusion of narcotic addict or alcoholic within definition 
of ``household'' and provision relating to residents of federally 
subsidized housing for the elderly, and substituted provisions relating 
to the treatment of individuals receiving supplemental security income 
benefits under subchapter XVI of chapter 7 of title 42, for provisions 
relating to the treatment of persons eligible to receive supplemental 
security income benefits under subchapter XVI of chapter 7 of title 42.
    Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 93-86, Sec. 3(o), inserted references to 
nonprofit institution and section 2019(i) of this title.
    Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 93-86, Sec. 3(c), added subsec. (n).
    1972--Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 92-603, Sec. 411(a), inserted provision 
that persons eligible or would be eligible to receive supplemental 
security income benefits under sections 1381 to 1383c of Title 42, may 
not be considered as members of a household or elderly persons under 
this chapter.
    Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 92-603, Sec. 411(b), substituted provisions 
defining State agency as the agency designated by the Secretary for 
carrying out this chapter in such state, for provisions defining it as 
the agency having the responsibility for the administration of the 
federally aided public assistance program.
    1971--Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 91-671, Sec. 2(a), substituted in 
definition of ``household'', ``related individuals (including legally 
adopted children and legally assigned foster children) or non-related 
individuals over age 60 who are not residents'' for ``related or non-
related individuals, who are not residents'', designated existing 
provisions as cl. (1), and added cl. (2).
    Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 91-671, Sec. 2(b), included in definition of 
``retail food store'' a political subdivision or a private nonprofit 
organization that meets requirements of section 2019(h) of this title.
    Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 91-671, Sec. 2(c), included in definition of 
``State'' Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.
    Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 91-671, Sec. 2(d), added subsec. (l).
    Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 91-671, Sec. 2(e), added subsec. (m).


                    Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

    Section 303(b) of Pub. L. 103-354 provided that: ``The amendment 
made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall be effective 
beginning on September 30, 1994.''


                    Effective Date of 1993 Amendment

    Amendment by Pub. L. 103-66 effective, and to be implemented 
beginning on, Sept. 1, 1994, see section 13971(b)(4) of Pub. L. 103-66, 
set out as a note under section 2025 of this title.


                    Effective Date of 1991 Amendment

    Amendment by Pub. L. 102-237 effective and to be implemented no 
later than Feb. 1, 1992, see section 1101(d)(1) of Pub. L. 102-237, set 
out as a note under section 1421 of this title.


                    Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

    Section 1781 of title XVII of Pub. L. 101-624 provided that:
    ``(a) In General.--Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) 
and other provisions of this title, this title [see Short Title of 1990 
Amendment note set out under section 2011 of this title] and the 
amendments made by this title shall become effective and implemented the 
1st day of the month beginning 120 days after the publication of 
implementing regulations. Such regulations shall be promulgated not 
later than October 1, 1991.
    ``(b) Special Effective Dates.--
        ``(1) October 1, 1990.--The amendments made by sections 1721, 
    1730, 1750, 1754, 1760(1)(A), 1761, 1762, 1771(a), 1771(d), 1772(c), 
    1772(f), 1772(g), and 1776 [amending sections 2014, 2017, 2025 to 
    2028, 3175, and 3175e of this title and provisions set out as notes 
    under section 612c of this title] shall be effective on October 1, 
    1990.
        ``(2) Date of enactment.--The amendments made by sections 1718, 
    1729, 1731, 1739, 1742, 1746, 1747, 1748, 1749, 1751, 1753, 1755, 
    1756, 1757, 1758, 1759, 1760(1)(B) and (2), 1763, 1771(b), 1771(c), 
    1772(a), 1772(b), 1772(d), 1772(h), 1773, 1774(a)(1), 1774(b), 
    1774(c), 1775(a), 1775(b), 1777, 1778, and 1779 [enacting section 
    2032 of this title, amending this section, sections 1431, 1431e, 
    2014, 2016, 2020, 2022, and 2024 to 2027 of this title and section 
    9904 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, enacting provisions 
    set out as notes under sections 2011, 2020, and 2025 of this title 
    and section 1751 of Title 42, and amending provisions set out as 
    notes under section 612c of this title] shall become effective on 
    the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 28, 1990].
        ``(3) April 1, 1991.--The amendments made by sections 1716, 
    1722, and 1736(2) [amending sections 2014 and 2020 of this title] 
    shall become effective and implemented the 1st day of the month 
    beginning 120 days after the promulgation of implementing 
    regulations. Such regulations shall be promulgated not later than 
    April 1, 1991.
        ``(4) Categorical eligibility.--The amendment made by section 
    1714(2) [amending section 2014 of this title] shall become effective 
    and implemented the 1st day of the month beginning 120 days after 
    the promulgation of implementing regulations. Such regulations shall 
    be promulgated--
            ``(A) in the case of a State general assistance program, not 
        later than October 1, 1991; and
            ``(B) in the case of a local general assistance program, not 
        later than April 1, 1992.''


                    Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

    Section 701 of Pub. L. 100-435, as amended by Pub. L. 100-619, 
Sec. 1, Nov. 5, 1988, 102 Stat. 3198, provided that:
    ``(a) In General.--Except as otherwise provided for in section 503 
[set out as a note under section 1766 of Title 42, The Public Health and 
Welfare] and in subsection (b) of this section, this Act and the 
amendments made by this Act [amending sections 2012, 2014 to 2017, 2020 
to 2023, 2025, and 2026 of this title, section 713a-14 of Title 15, 
Commerce and Trade, and sections 1761, 1766, 1773, and 1786 of Title 42, 
enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 612c and 2011 of 
this title and sections 1766 and 1786 of Title 42, and amending 
provisions set out as notes under sections 612c, 1731, and 2012 of this 
title] shall become effective and be implemented on October 1, 1988.
    ``(b) Special Rules.--
        ``(1) The amendments made by sections 101, 103, 301, 321(c), 
    343, and 401 [amending sections 2014 and 2025 of this title and 
    amending provisions set out as a note under section 612c of this 
    title] shall become effective and be implemented on the date of 
    enactment of this Act [Sept. 19, 1988].
        ``(2) The amendments made by section 402 [amending section 2014 
    of this title] shall become effective and be implemented on January 
    1, 1989.
        ``(3)(A) The amendments made by section 203(a) [amending section 
    2017 of this title] shall become effective on January 1, 1989, and 
    the States shall implement such section by January 1, 1990.
        ``(B) The amendments made by section 203(b) [amending section 
    2016 of this title] shall become effective on January 1, 1989, 
    except with regards to those States not implementing section 203(a).
        ``(4) The amendments made by sections 204, 210, 211, subsections 
    (a)(1), (c), and (e) of section 404, sections 310 through 343, and 
    sections 345 through 352 [amending sections 2012, 2014, 2015, 2020, 
    and 2025 of this title and sections 1766 and 1773 of Title 42] shall 
    become effective and implemented on July 1, 1989.
        ``(5) The amendments made by title VI [amending sections 2022, 
    2023, and 2025 of this title] shall be effective as follows:
            ``(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (D), the provisions 
        of section 16(c) of the Food Stamp Act of 1977, as amended by 
        section 604 [section 2025(c) of this title], shall become 
        effective on October 1, 1985, with respect to claims under 
        section 16(c) for quality control review periods after such 
        date, except that--
                ``(i) the provisions of section 16(c)(1)(A), as amended, 
            shall become effective on October 1, 1988, with respect to 
            payment error rates for quality control review periods after 
            such date; and
                ``(ii) the provisions of section 16(c)(3), as amended, 
            shall become effective on October 1, 1988, with respect to 
            payment error rates for quality control review periods after 
            such date.
            ``(B) The amendments made by sections 601 and 602 [amending 
        section 2022 of this title] shall become effective on October 1, 
        1985, with respect to claims under section 16(c) for quality 
        control review periods after such date.
            ``(C) Except as provided in subparagraph (D), the amendments 
        made to section 14 of the Food Stamp Act of 1977 [section 2023 
        of this title] by section 603 shall become effective on October 
        1, 1985, with respect to claims under section 16(c) for quality 
        control review periods after such date.
            ``(D)(i) The provisions of sections 13, 14, and 16 of the 
        Food Stamp Act of 1977 [sections 2022, 2023, and 2025 of this 
        title] that relate to claims against State agencies and that 
        were in effect for any quality control review period or periods 
        through fiscal year 1985 shall remain in effect for claims 
        arising with respect to such period or periods.
            ``(ii) The provisions of sections 14 and 16(c) of the Food 
        Stamp Act of 1977 that relate to enhanced administrative funding 
        for State agencies and that were in effect for any quality 
        control review period or periods through fiscal year 1988 shall 
        remain in effect for such funding with respect to such period or 
        periods.
    ``(c) Sequestration.--
        ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, 
    if a final order is issued for fiscal year 1989 under section 252(b) 
    of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 
    U.S.C. 902(b)), the amount made available to carry out the food 
    stamp program under section 18 of the Food Stamp Act of 1977 (7 
    U.S.C. 2027) shall be reduced by an amount equal to $110,000,000 
    multiplied by the amount of the percentage reduction for domestic 
    programs required under such order. The reduction required by the 
    preceding sentence shall be achieved by reducing the amount of the 
    adjustment to the cost of the thrifty food plan for fiscal year 1989 
    under section 3(o)(9) of the Food Stamp Act of 1977 (as added by 
    section 120 of this Act) [section 2012(o)(9) of this title].
        ``(2) Effective dates if sequestration occurs.--Notwithstanding 
    subsections (a) and (b), if a final order is issued under section 
    252(b) of the Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 
    902(b)) for fiscal year 1989 to make reductions and sequestrations 
    specified in the report required under section 251(a)(3)(A) of such 
    Act [2 U.S.C. 901(a)(3)(A)], sections 111, 201, 204, 310, 311, 321, 
    322, 323, 341, 342, 350, 351, 352, 402, 403, 404, 502, 504, and 505 
    [amending sections 2012, 2014, 2015, 2020, 2025, and 2026 of this 
    title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 612c of 
    this title] shall become effective and be implemented on October 1, 
    1989.''


                    Effective Date of 1987 Amendment

    Section 802(b) of Pub. L. 100-77 provided that: ``The amendments 
made by this section [amending this section] shall become effective on 
October 1, 1987.''


            Effective and Termination Dates of 1986 Amendment

    Section 11002(f) of Pub. L. 99-570, as amended by Pub. L. 100-435, 
title II, Sec. 205, Sept. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 1657; Pub. L. 101-624, 
title XVII, Sec. 1713(b), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3783; Pub. L. 102-
237, title IX, Sec. 913, Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1887, provided that:
    ``(1) The amendments made by this section [amending this section and 
sections 2018 and 2019 of this title] shall become effective, and be 
implemented by issuance of final regulations, not later than April 1, 
1987.
    ``(2) Not later than September 30, 1988, the Secretary of 
Agriculture shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and 
Forestry of the Senate a report that evaluates the program established 
by the amendments made by this section, including any proposed 
legislative recommendations.
    ``(3) The amendments made by this section, except those amendments 
made by subsections (a), (b), and (c) [amending this section], shall 
cease to be effective after September 30, 1990.''
    [Amendment by Pub. L. 102-237 to section 11002(f) of Pub. L. 99-570, 
set out above, effective Oct. 1, 1990, and not applicable with respect 
to any period occurring before such date, see section 1101(d)(5) of Pub. 
L. 102-237, set out as an Effective Date of 1991 Amendment note under 
section 1421 of this title.]
    [Section 1713(b) of Pub. L. 101-624 provided that the amendment made 
by that section is effective Sept. 29, 1990.]


                    Effective Date of 1982 Amendment

    Section 193 of subtitle E (Secs. 140-193) of title I of Pub. L. 97-
253 provided that:
    ``(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), this subtitle [amending 
this section and sections 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021, 
2022, 2023, 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028, and 2029 of this title and enacting 
provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 1624, 2011, 
and 2028 of this title] and the amendments made by this subtitle shall 
take effect on the date of the enactment of this subtitle [Sept. 8, 
1982].
    ``(b) Sections 180 and 188 [amending sections 2020, 2025, 2027, and 
2029 of this title] shall take effect on October 1, 1982.''


                    Effective Date of 1981 Amendments

    Section 192 of Pub. L. 97-253 provided that:
    ``(a) Notwithstanding section 117 of the Omnibus Budget 
Reconciliation Act of 1981 (7 U.S.C. 2012 note) [section 117 of Pub. L. 
97-35, set out below], the amendments made by sections 101 through 114 
of such Act [amending this section and sections 2014, 2015, 2017, 2020, 
2022, and 2025 of this title], other than sections 107(b) and 108(c) of 
such Act [amending sections 2014 and 2015 of this title], shall take 
effect on the earlier of the date of the enactment of this subtitle 
[Sept. 8, 1982] or the date on which such amendments became effective 
pursuant to section 117 of such Act.
    ``(b) Notwithstanding section 1338 of the Agriculture and Food Act 
of 1981 (7 U.S.C. 2012 note) [section 1338 of Pub. L. 97-98, set out 
below], the amendments made by sections 1302 through 1333 of such Act 
[enacting section 2029 of this title and amending this section and 
sections 2014 to 2016, 2018 to 2020, and 2023 to 2027 of this title] 
shall take effect on the earlier of the date of the enactment of this 
subtitle [Sept. 8, 1982] or the date on which such amendments became 
effective pursuant to section 1338 of such Act.''
    Section 1338 of title XIII of Pub. L. 97-98 provided that: ``Except 
as otherwise specifically provided, the amendments made by this title 
[enacting sections 2029 and 2270 of this title, amending this section 
and sections 2014 to 2016, 2018 to 2020, and 2023 to 2027 of this title, 
and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 2011 of this 
title] shall be effective upon such dates as the Secretary of 
Agriculture may prescribe, taking into account the need for orderly 
implementation.''
    Section 116(a) of Pub. L. 97-35 provided that the amendment made by 
that section is effective July 1, 1982.
    Section 117 of Pub. L. 97-35 provided that: ``Except as otherwise 
specifically provided, the amendments made by sections 101 through 116 
of this Act [amending this section and sections 2014, 2015, 2017, 2020, 
2022, and 2025 of this title] shall be effective and implemented upon 
such dates as the Secretary of Agriculture may prescribe, taking into 
account the need for orderly implementation.''


                    Effective Date of 1979 Amendment

    Section 10 of Pub. L. 96-58 provided that:
    ``(a) The provisions of sections 2 and 3 of this Act [amending this 
section and sections 2014 of this section] shall be implemented in all 
States by January 1, 1980, and shall not affect the rights or 
liabilities of the Secretary, States, and applicant or participant 
households, under the Food Stamp Act of 1977 [this chapter] in effect on 
July 1, 1979, until implemented.
    ``(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of 
Agriculture shall issue final regulations implementing the provisions of 
sections 4 through 6 of this Act [amending sections 2015 and 2025 of 
this title] within one hundred and fifty days after the date of 
enactment of this Act [Aug. 14, 1979].
    ``(c) The provisions of sections 7 and 8 of this Act [amending this 
section and section 2019 of this title] shall be implemented in all 
States by July 1, 1980, and shall not affect the rights or liabilities 
of the Secretary, States, and applicant or participating households, 
under the Food Stamp Act of 1977 [this chapter] in effect on July 1, 
1979, until implemented.''


                    Effective Date of 1977 Amendment

    Section 1301 of Pub. L. 95-113 provided that the amendment made by 
that section is effective Oct. 1, 1977.
    Section 1302(b) of Pub. L. 95-113 provided that: ``The amendments 
made by this section [repealing section 3(b) of Pub. L. 93-86 as 
described in the Repeals note below and amending section 1431 of this 
title and provisions set out as notes under sections 612c of this title 
and 1382e of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] shall be effective 
October 1, 1977.''


                    Effective Date of 1974 Amendment

    Amendment of section 8(a) of Pub. L. 93-233 by section 1(a), (b) of 
Pub. L. 93-335, effective July 1, 1974, see section 1(c) of Pub. L. 93-
335, set out as a note under section 1382 of Title 42, The Public Health 
and Welfare. See Repeals note below.


                    Effective Date of 1972 Amendment

    Section 411(a) of Pub. L. 92-603 provided that the amendment made by 
that section is effective January 1, 1974.
    Section 411(h) of Pub. L. 92-603 provided that: ``Except as 
otherwise provided in this section, the amendments made by this section 
[amending this section and sections 2019 and 2023 of this title] shall 
take effect on January 1, 1973''.


                                 Repeals

    Section 3(b) of Pub. L. 93-86, cited as a credit to this section, 
was repealed, effective Oct. 1, 1977, by section 1302(a)(1) of Pub. L. 
95-113. Section 3(b) of Pub. L. 93-86 had amended the definition of 
``household'' in 1973 to exclude individuals receiving supplementary 
security income benefits under title XVI of the Social Security Act in 
certain months. For the period beginning Jan. 1, 1974, and ending 
September 30, 1978, Pub. L. 93-233, Sec. 8(a), Dec. 30, 1973, 87 Stat. 
956, as amended by Pub. L. 93-335, Sec. 1(a), (b), July 8, 1974, 88 
Stat. 291; Pub. L. 94-44, Sec. 3, June 28, 1975, 89 Stat. 235; Pub. L. 
94-365, Sec. 2, July 14, 1976, 90 Stat. 990; Pub. L. 95-59, Sec. 3, June 
30, 1977, 91 Stat. 255, provided that the amendment by section 3(b) of 
Pub. 93-86 should not be effective and that the definition of 
``household'' should read as it did before such amendment but with the 
addition of a new sentence to exclude individuals receiving certain 
Federal or State supplementary payments under certain circumstances.


                          Continued Eligibility

    Section 205 of Pub. L. 103-225 provided that: ``An establishment or 
house-to-house trade route that is otherwise authorized to accept and 
redeem coupons under the Food Stamp Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.) 
on the day before the date of enactment of this Act [Mar. 25, 1994] 
shall be considered to meet the definition of `retail food store' in 
section 3(k) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 2012(k)) (as amended by section 201) 
until the earlier of--
        ``(1) the periodic reauthorization of the establishment or 
    route; or
        ``(2) such time as the eligibility of the establishment or route 
    for continued participation in the food stamp program is evaluated 
    for any reason.''


                 Report on Impact on Retail Food Stores

    Section 206 of Pub. L. 103-225 provided that: ``Not later than 18 
months after the date of enactment of this Act [Mar. 25, 1994], the 
Secretary of Agriculture shall prepare and submit to the Committee on 
Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report on the 
impact of the amendments made by sections 201 and 202 [amending this 
section and section 2018 of this title] on the involvement of retail 
food stores in the food stamp program established under the Food Stamp 
Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.), including a description of--
        ``(1) the numbers and types of stores that were newly authorized 
    to participate in the food stamp program after implementation of the 
    amendments;
        ``(2) the numbers and types of stores that were withdrawn from 
    the food stamp program after implementation of the amendments;
        ``(3) the procedures used by the Secretary, and the adequacy of 
    the procedures used, to determine the eligibility of stores to 
    participate in the food stamp program and to authorize and 
    reauthorize the stores to participate in the food stamp program;
        ``(4) the adequacy of the guidance provided by the Secretary to 
    retail food stores concerning--
            ``(A) the definitions of `retail food store', `staple 
        foods', `eligible foods', and `perishable foods' for purposes of 
        the food stamp program; and
            ``(B) eligibility criteria for stores to participate in the 
        food stamp program; and
        ``(5) an assessment of whether the amendment to the definition 
    of `retail food store' under section 3(k) of such Act [subsec. (k) 
    of this section] (as amended by section 201(1)) has had an adverse 
    effect on the integrity of the food stamp program.''


          Continuing Eligibility of Certain Retail Food Stores

    Pub. L. 103-205, Sec. 2, Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 2418, provided 
that: ``Notwithstanding any other provision of law, during the period 
beginning on the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 17, 1993] and 
ending on March 15, 1994, an establishment or house-to-house trade route 
that is otherwise authorized to accept and redeem coupons under the Food 
Stamp Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.) on the date of enactment of 
this Act may not be disqualified from participation in the food stamp 
program solely because the establishment or trade route does not meet 
the definition of `retail food store' under section 3(k)(1) of such Act 
(7 U.S.C. 2012(k)(1)).''


               Publicly Operated Community Health Centers

    Pub. L. 98-107, Sec. 101(b), Oct. 1, 1983, 97 Stat. 734, provided in 
part: ``That notwithstanding any other provision of law or this joint 
resolution, the provisions of subsections (f) and (i) of section 3 and 
section 10 of the Food Stamp Act of 1977, as amended [7 U.S.C. 2012(f), 
(i) and 2019], concerning private, nonprofit drug addiction or alcoholic 
treatment and rehabilitation programs, shall also be applicable to 
publicly operated community health centers''.
    [Reference to community health center, migrant health center, public 
housing health center, or homeless health center considered reference to 
health center, see section 4(c) of Pub. L. 104-299, set out as a note 
under section 254b of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.]


 Eligibility of Supplemental Security Income Recipients for Food Stamps 
           During Prescribed Period Beginning January 1, 1974

    Provisions respecting eligibility of supplemental security income 
recipients for food stamps during prescribed period beginning Jan. 1, 
1974, see section 8(c) of Pub. L. 93-233, Dec. 31, 1974, 87 Stat. 957, 
set out as a note under section 1832e of Title 42, The Public Health and 
Welfare.

                  Section Referred to in Other Sections

    This section is referred to in sections 2012a, 2014, 2017, 2019, 
2020, 2026, 2028 of this title; title 8 section 1612; title 21 section 
862a; title 31 section 3803; title 42 sections 503, 604, 654, 8011.
