
From the U.S. Code Online via GPO Access
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[Laws in effect as of January 2, 2001]
[Document not affected by Public Laws enacted between
  January 2, 2001 and January 28, 2002]
[CITE: 7USC2014]

 
                          TITLE 7--AGRICULTURE
 
                     CHAPTER 51--FOOD STAMP PROGRAM
 
Sec. 2014. Eligible households


(a) Income and other financial resources as substantial limiting factors 
        in obtaining more nutritious diet; recipients under Social 
        Security Act

    Participation in the food stamp program shall be limited to those 
households whose incomes and other financial resources, held singly or 
in joint ownership, are determined to be a substantial limiting factor 
in permitting them to obtain a more nutritious diet. Notwithstanding any 
other provisions of this chapter except sections 2015(b), 2015(d)(2), 
and 2015(g) of this title and the third sentence of section 2012(i) of 
this title, households in which each member receives benefits under a 
State program funded under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act 
(42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.), supplemental security income benefits under 
title XVI of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1381 et seq.], or aid to 
the aged, blind, or disabled under title I, X, XIV, or XVI of the Social 
Security Act [42 U.S.C. 301 et seq., 1201 et seq., 1351 et seq., or 1381 
et seq.], shall be eligible to participate in the food stamp program. 
Except for sections 2015, 2025(e)(1), and the third sentence of section 
2012(i) of this title, households in which each member receives benefits 
under a State or local general assistance program that complies with 
standards established by the Secretary for ensuring that the program is 
based on income criteria comparable to or more restrictive than those 
under subsection (c)(2) of this section, and not limited to one-time 
emergency payments that cannot be provided for more than one consecutive 
month, shall be eligible to participate in the food stamp program. 
Assistance under this program shall be furnished to all eligible 
households who make application for such participation.

(b) Eligibility standards

    Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, the Secretary shall 
establish uniform national standards of eligibility (other than the 
income standards for Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, and the Virgin Islands of the 
United States established in accordance with subsections (c) and (e) of 
this section) for participation by households in the food stamp program 
in accordance with the provisions of this section. No plan of operation 
submitted by a State agency shall be approved unless the standards of 
eligibility meet those established by the Secretary, and no State agency 
shall impose any other standards of eligibility as a condition for 
participating in the program.

(c) Gross income standard

    The income standards of eligibility shall be adjusted each October 1 
and shall provide that a household shall be ineligible to participate in 
the food stamp program if--
        (1) the household's income (after the exclusions and deductions 
    provided for in subsections (d) and (e) of this section) exceeds the 
    poverty line, as defined in section 673(2) of the Community Services 
    Block Grant Act (42 U.S.C. 9902(2)), for the forty-eight contiguous 
    States and the District of Columbia, Alaska, Hawaii, the Virgin 
    Islands of the United States, and Guam, respectively; and
        (2) in the case of a household that does not include an elderly 
    or disabled member, the household's income (after the exclusions 
    provided for in subsection (d) of this section but before the 
    deductions provided for in subsection (e) of this section) exceeds 
    such poverty line by more than 30 per centum.

In no event shall the standards of eligibility for the Virgin Islands of 
the United States or Guam exceed those in the forty-eight contiguous 
States.

(d) Income excluded in computing household income

    Household income for purposes of the food stamp program shall 
include all income from whatever source excluding only (1) any gain or 
benefit which is not in the form of money payable directly to a 
household (notwithstanding its conversion in whole or in part to direct 
payments to households pursuant to any demonstration project carried out 
or authorized under Federal law including demonstration projects created 
by the waiver of provisions of Federal law), (2) any income in the 
certification period which is received too infrequently or irregularly 
to be reasonably anticipated, but not in excess of $30 in a quarter, 
subject to modification by the Secretary in light of subsection (f) of 
this section, (3) all educational loans on which payment is deferred, 
grants, scholarships, fellowships, veterans' educational benefits, and 
the like (A) awarded to a household member enrolled at a recognized 
institution of post-secondary education, at a school for the 
handicapped, in a vocational education program, or in a program that 
provides for completion of a secondary school diploma or obtaining the 
equivalent thereof, (B) to the extent that they do not exceed the amount 
used for or made available as an allowance determined by such school, 
institution, program, or other grantor, for tuition and mandatory fees 
(including the rental or purchase of any equipment, materials, and 
supplies related to the pursuit of the course of study involved), books, 
supplies, transportation, and other miscellaneous personal expenses 
(other than living expenses), of the student incidental to attending 
such school, institution, or program, and (C) to the extent loans 
include any origination fees and insurance premiums, (4) all loans other 
than educational loans on which repayment is deferred, (5) 
reimbursements which do not exceed expenses actually incurred and which 
do not represent a gain or benefit to the household and any allowance a 
State agency provides no more frequently than annually to families with 
children on the occasion of those children's entering or returning to 
school or child care for the purpose of obtaining school clothes (except 
that no such allowance shall be excluded if the State agency reduces 
monthly assistance under a State program funded under part A of title IV 
of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) in the month for 
which the allowance is provided): Provided, That no portion of benefits 
provided under title IV-A of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 601 et 
seq.], to the extent it is attributable to an adjustment for work-
related or child care expenses (except for payments or reimbursements 
for such expenses made under an employment, education, or training 
program initiated under such title after September 19, 1988), and no 
portion of any educational loan on which payment is deferred, grant, 
scholarship, fellowship, veterans' benefits, and the like that are 
provided for living expenses, shall be considered such reimbursement, 
(6) moneys received and used for the care and maintenance of a third-
party beneficiary who is not a household member, (7) income earned by a 
child who is a member of the household, who is an elementary or 
secondary school student, and who is 17 years of age or younger, (8) 
moneys received in the form of nonrecurring lump-sum payments, 
including, but not limited to, income tax refunds, rebates, or credits, 
cash donations based on need that are received from one or more private 
nonprofit charitable organizations, but not in excess of $300 in the 
aggregate in a quarter, retroactive lump-sum social security or railroad 
retirement pension payments and retroactive lump-sum insurance 
settlements: Provided, That such payments shall be counted as resources, 
unless specifically excluded by other laws, (9) the cost of producing 
self-employed income, but household income that otherwise is included 
under this subsection shall be reduced by the extent that the cost of 
producing self-employment income exceeds the income derived from self-
employment as a farmer, (10) any income that any other Federal law 
specifically excludes from consideration as income for purposes of 
determining eligibility for the food stamp program except as otherwise 
provided in subsection (k) of this section, (11)(A) any payments or 
allowances made for the purpose of providing energy assistance under any 
Federal law (other than part A of title IV of the Social Security Act 
(42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.)), or (B) a 1-time payment or allowance made 
under a Federal or State law for the costs of weatherization or 
emergency repair or replacement of an unsafe or inoperative furnace or 
other heating or cooling device, (12) through September 30 of any fiscal 
year, any increase in income attributable to a cost-of-living adjustment 
made on or after July 1 of such fiscal year under title II or XVI of the 
Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 401 et seq., 1381 et seq.], section 
3(a)(1) of the Railroad Retirement Act of 1974 (45 U.S.C. 231b(a)(1)), 
or section 5312 of title 38, if the household was certified as eligible 
to participate in the food stamp program or received an allotment in the 
month immediately preceding the first month in which the adjustment was 
effective, (13) any payment made to the household under section 3507 of 
title 26 (relating to advance payment of earned income credit), (14) any 
payment made to the household under section 2015(d)(4)(I) of this title 
for work related expenses or for dependent care, and (15) any amounts 
necessary for the fulfillment of a plan for achieving self-support of a 
household member as provided under subparagraph (A)(iii) or (B)(iv) of 
section 1612(b)(4) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1382a(b)(4)).

(e) Deductions from income

                       (1) Standard deduction

        The Secretary shall allow a standard deduction for each 
    household in the 48 contiguous States and the District of Columbia, 
    Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, and the Virgin Islands of the United States of 
    $134, $229, $189, $269, and $118, respectively.

                     (2) Earned income deduction

        (A) ``Earned income'' defined

            In this paragraph, the term ``earned income'' does not 
        include--
                (i) income excluded by subsection (d) of this section; 
            or
                (ii) any portion of income earned under a work 
            supplementation or support program, as defined under section 
            2025(b) of this title, that is attributable to public 
            assistance.

        (B) Deduction

            Except as provided in subparagraph (C), a household with 
        earned income shall be allowed a deduction of 20 percent of all 
        earned income to compensate for taxes, other mandatory 
        deductions from salary, and work expenses.

        (C) Exception

            The deduction described in subparagraph (B) shall not be 
        allowed with respect to determining an overissuance due to the 
        failure of a household to report earned income in a timely 
        manner.

                    (3) Dependent care deduction

        (A) In general

            A household shall be entitled, with respect to expenses 
        (other than excluded expenses described in subparagraph (B)) for 
        dependent care, to a dependent care deduction, the maximum 
        allowable level of which shall be $200 per month for each 
        dependent child under 2 years of age and $175 per month for each 
        other dependent, for the actual cost of payments necessary for 
        the care of a dependent if the care enables a household member 
        to accept or continue employment, or training or education that 
        is preparatory for employment.

        (B) Excluded expenses

            The excluded expenses referred to in subparagraph (A) are--
                (i) expenses paid on behalf of the household by a third 
            party;
                (ii) amounts made available and excluded, for the 
            expenses referred to in subparagraph (A), under subsection 
            (d)(3) of this section; and
                (iii) expenses that are paid under section 2015(d)(4) of 
            this title.

              (4) Deduction for child support payments

        (A) In general

            A household shall be entitled to a deduction for child 
        support payments made by a household member to or for an 
        individual who is not a member of the household if the household 
        member is legally obligated to make the payments.

        (B) Methods for determining amount

            The Secretary may prescribe by regulation the methods, 
        including calculation on a retrospective basis, that a State 
        agency shall use to determine the amount of the deduction for 
        child support payments.

                   (5) Homeless shelter allowance

        Under rules prescribed by the Secretary, a State agency may 
    develop a standard homeless shelter allowance, which shall not 
    exceed $143 per month, for such expenses as may reasonably be 
    expected to be incurred by households in which all members are 
    homeless individuals but are not receiving free shelter throughout 
    the month. A State agency that develops the allowance may use the 
    allowance in determining eligibility and allotments for the 
    households. The State agency may make a household with extremely low 
    shelter costs ineligible for the allowance.

                (6) Excess medical expense deduction

        (A) In general

            A household containing an elderly or disabled member shall 
        be entitled, with respect to expenses other than expenses paid 
        on behalf of the household by a third party, to an excess 
        medical expense deduction for the portion of the actual costs of 
        allowable medical expenses, incurred by the elderly or disabled 
        member, exclusive of special diets, that exceeds $35 per month.

        (B) Method of claiming deduction

            (i) In general

                A State agency shall offer an eligible household under 
            subparagraph (A) a method of claiming a deduction for 
            recurring medical expenses that are initially verified under 
            the excess medical expense deduction in lieu of submitting 
            information on, or verification of, actual expenses on a 
            monthly basis.
            (ii) Method

                The method described in clause (i) shall--
                    (I) be designed to minimize the burden for the 
                eligible elderly or disabled household member choosing 
                to deduct the recurrent medical expenses of the member 
                pursuant to the method;
                    (II) rely on reasonable estimates of the expected 
                medical expenses of the member for the certification 
                period (including changes that can be reasonably 
                anticipated based on available information about the 
                medical condition of the member, public or private 
                medical insurance coverage, and the current verified 
                medical expenses incurred by the member); and
                    (III) not require further reporting or verification 
                of a change in medical expenses if such a change has 
                been anticipated for the certification period.

                (7) Excess shelter expense deduction

        (A) In general

            A household shall be entitled, with respect to expenses 
        other than expenses paid on behalf of the household by a third 
        party, to an excess shelter expense deduction to the extent that 
        the monthly amount expended by a household for shelter exceeds 
        an amount equal to 50 percent of monthly household income after 
        all other applicable deductions have been allowed.

        (B) Maximum amount of deduction

            In the case of a household that does not contain an elderly 
        or disabled individual, in the 48 contiguous States and the 
        District of Columbia, Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, and the Virgin 
        Islands of the United States, the excess shelter expense 
        deduction shall not exceed--
                (i) for the period beginning on August 22, 1996, and 
            ending on December 31, 1996, $247, $429, $353, $300, and 
            $182 per month, respectively;
                (ii) for the period beginning on January 1, 1997, and 
            ending on September 30, 1998, $250, $434, $357, $304, and 
            $184 per month, respectively;
                (iii) for fiscal year 1999, $275, $478, $393, $334, and 
            $203 per month, respectively;
                (iv) for fiscal year 2000, $280, $483, $398, $339, and 
            $208 per month, respectively;
                (v) for fiscal year 2001, $340, $543, $458, $399, and 
            $268 per month, respectively; and
                (vi) for fiscal year 2002 and each subsequent fiscal 
            year, the applicable amount during the preceding fiscal 
            year, as adjusted to reflect changes for the 12-month period 
            ending the preceding November 30 in the Consumer Price Index 
            for All Urban Consumers published by the Bureau of Labor 
            Statistics of the Department of Labor.

        (C) Standard utility allowance

            (i) In general

                In computing the excess shelter expense deduction, a 
            State agency may use a standard utility allowance in 
            accordance with regulations promulgated by the Secretary, 
            except that a State agency may use an allowance that does 
            not fluctuate within a year to reflect seasonal variations.
            (ii) Restrictions on heating and cooling expenses

                An allowance for a heating or cooling expense may not be 
            used in the case of a household that--
                    (I) does not incur a heating or cooling expense, as 
                the case may be;
                    (II) does incur a heating or cooling expense but is 
                located in a public housing unit that has central 
                utility meters and charges households, with regard to 
                the expense, only for excess utility costs; or
                    (III) shares the expense with, and lives with, 
                another individual not participating in the food stamp 
                program, another household participating in the food 
                stamp program, or both, unless the allowance is prorated 
                between the household and the other individual, 
                household, or both.
            (iii) Mandatory allowance

                (I) In general

                    A State agency may make the use of a standard 
                utility allowance mandatory for all households with 
                qualifying utility costs if--
                        (aa) the State agency has developed 1 or more 
                    standards that include the cost of heating and 
                    cooling and 1 or more standards that do not include 
                    the cost of heating and cooling; and
                        (bb) the Secretary finds that the standards will 
                    not result in an increased cost to the Secretary.
                (II) Household election

                    A State agency that has not made the use of a 
                standard utility allowance mandatory under subclause (I) 
                shall allow a household to switch, at the end of a 
                certification period, between the standard utility 
                allowance and a deduction based on the actual utility 
                costs of the household.
            (iv) Availability of allowance to recipients of 
                    energy assistance

                (I) In general

                    Subject to subclause (II), if a State agency elects 
                to use a standard utility allowance that reflects 
                heating or cooling costs, the standard utility allowance 
                shall be made available to households receiving a 
                payment, or on behalf of which a payment is made, under 
                the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Act of 1981 (42 
                U.S.C. 8621 et seq.) or other similar energy assistance 
                program, if the household still incurs out-of-pocket 
                heating or cooling expenses in excess of any assistance 
                paid on behalf of the household to an energy provider.
                (II) Separate allowance

                    A State agency may use a separate standard utility 
                allowance for households on behalf of which a payment 
                described in subclause (I) is made, but may not be 
                required to do so.
                (III) States not electing to use separate 
                        allowance

                    A State agency that does not elect to use a separate 
                allowance but makes a single standard utility allowance 
                available to households incurring heating or cooling 
                expenses (other than a household described in subclause 
                (I) or (II) of clause (ii)) may not be required to 
                reduce the allowance due to the provision (directly or 
                indirectly) of assistance under the Low-Income Home 
                Energy Assistance Act of 1981 (42 U.S.C. 8621 et seq.).
                (IV) Proration of assistance

                    For the purpose of the food stamp program, 
                assistance provided under the Low-Income Home Energy 
                Assistance Act of 1981 (42 U.S.C. 8621 et seq.) shall be 
                considered to be prorated over the entire heating or 
                cooling season for which the assistance was provided.

(f) Calculation of household income; prospective or retrospective 
        accounting basis; consistency

    (1)(A) Household income for those households that, by contract for 
other than an hourly or piecework basis or by self-employment, derive 
their annual income in a period of time shorter than one year shall be 
calculated by averaging such income over a twelve-month period. 
Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, household income resulting from 
the self-employment of a member in a farming operation, who derives 
income from such farming operation and who has irregular expenses to 
produce such income, may, at the option of the household, be calculated 
by averaging such income and expenses over a 12-month period. 
Notwithstanding the first sentence, if the averaged amount does not 
accurately reflect the household's actual monthly circumstances because 
the household has experienced a substantial increase or decrease in 
business earnings, the State agency shall calculate the self-employment 
income based on anticipated earnings.
    (B) Household income for those households that receive nonexcluded 
income of the type described in subsection (d)(3) of this section shall 
be calculated by averaging such income over the period for which it is 
received.
    (2)(A) Except as provided in subparagraphs (B), (C), and (D), 
households shall have their incomes calculated on a prospective basis, 
as provided in paragraph (3)(A), or, at the option of the State agency, 
on a retrospective basis, as provided in paragraph (3)(B).
    (B) In the case of the first month, or at the option of the State, 
the first and second months, during a continuous period in which a 
household is certified, the State agency shall determine eligibility and 
the amount of benefits on the basis of the household's income and other 
relevant circumstances in such first or second month.
    (C) Households specified in clauses (i), (ii), and (iii) of section 
2015(c)(1)(A) of this title shall have their income calculated on a 
prospective basis, as provided in paragraph (3)(A).
    (D) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), households required to 
submit monthly reports of their income and household circumstances under 
section 2015(c)(1) of this title shall have their income calculated on a 
retrospective basis, as provided in paragraph (3)(B).
    (3)(A) Calculation of household income on a prospective basis is the 
calculation of income on the basis of the income reasonably anticipated 
to be received by the household during the period for which eligibility 
or benefits are being determined. Such calculation shall be made in 
accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary which shall 
provide for taking into account both the income reasonably anticipated 
to be received by the household during the period for which eligibility 
or benefits are being determined and the income received by the 
household during the preceding thirty days.
    (B) Calculation of household income on a retrospective basis is the 
calculation of income for the period for which eligibility or benefits 
are being determined on the basis of income received in a previous 
period. Such calculation shall be made in accordance with regulations 
prescribed by the Secretary which may provide for the determination of 
eligibility on a prospective basis in some or all cases in which 
benefits are calculated under this paragraph. Such regulations shall 
provide for supplementing the initial allotments of newly applying 
households in those cases in which the determination of income under 
this paragraph causes serious hardship.
    (4) In promulgating regulations under this subsection, the Secretary 
shall consult with the Secretary of Health and Human Services in order 
to assure that, to the extent feasible and consistent with the purposes 
of this chapter and the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 301 et seq.], the 
income of households receiving benefits under this chapter and title IV-
A of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.] is calculated on a 
comparable basis under this chapter and the Social Security Act. The 
Secretary is authorized, upon the request of a State agency, to waive 
any of the provisions of this subsection (except the provisions of 
paragraph (2)(A)) to the extent necessary to permit the State agency to 
calculate income for purposes of this chapter on the same basis that 
income is calculated under title IV-A of the Social Security Act in that 
State.

(g) Allowable financial resources which eligible household may own

    (1) The Secretary shall prescribe the types and allowable amounts of 
financial resources (liquid and nonliquid assets) an eligible household 
may own, and shall, in so doing, assure that a household otherwise 
eligible to participate in the food stamp program will not be eligible 
to participate if its resources exceed $2,000, or, in the case of a 
household which consists of or includes a member who is 60 years of age 
or older, if its resources exceed $3,000.
    (2) Included assets.--
        (A) In general.--Subject to the other provisions of this 
    paragraph, the Secretary shall, in prescribing inclusions in, and 
    exclusions from, financial resources, follow the regulations in 
    force as of June 1, 1982 (other than those relating to licensed 
    vehicles and inaccessible resources).
        (B) Additional included assets.--The Secretary shall include in 
    financial resources--
            (i) any boat, snowmobile, or airplane used for recreational 
        purposes;
            (ii) any vacation home;
            (iii) any mobile home used primarily for vacation purposes;
            (iv) subject to subparagraphs (C) and (D), any licensed 
        vehicle that is used for household transportation or to obtain 
        or continue employment to the extent that the fair market value 
        of the vehicle exceeds $4,650; and
            (v) any savings or retirement account (including an 
        individual account), regardless of whether there is a penalty 
        for early withdrawal.

        (C) Excluded vehicles.--A vehicle (and any other property, real 
    or personal, to the extent the property is directly related to the 
    maintenance or use of the vehicle) shall not be included in 
    financial resources under this paragraph if the vehicle is--
            (i) used to produce earned income;
            (ii) necessary for the transportation of a physically 
        disabled household member; or
            (iii) depended on by a household to carry fuel for heating 
        or water for home use and provides the primary source of fuel or 
        water, respectively, for the household.

        (D) Alternative vehicle allowance.--If the vehicle allowance 
    standards that a State agency uses to determine eligibility for 
    assistance under the State program funded under part A of title IV 
    of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) would result in a 
    lower attribution of resources to certain households than under 
    subparagraph (B)(iv), in lieu of applying subparagraph (B)(iv), the 
    State agency may elect to apply the State vehicle allowance 
    standards to all households that would incur a lower attribution of 
    resources under the State vehicle allowance standards.

    (3) The Secretary shall exclude from financial resources the value 
of a burial plot for each member of a household and nonliquid resources 
necessary to allow the household to carry out a plan for self-
sufficiency approved by the State agency that constitutes adequate 
participation in an employment and training program under section 
2015(d) of this title. The Secretary shall also exclude from financial 
resources any earned income tax credits received by any member of the 
household for a period of 12 months from receipt if such member was 
participating in the food stamp program at the time the credits were 
received and participated in such program continuously during the 12-
month period.
    (4) In the case of farm property (including land, equipment, and 
supplies) that is essential to the self-employment of a household member 
in a farming operation, the Secretary shall exclude from financial 
resources the value of such property until the expiration of the 1-year 
period beginning on the date such member ceases to be self-employed in 
farming.
    (5) The Secretary shall promulgate rules by which State agencies 
shall develop standards for identifying kinds of resources that, as a 
practical matter, the household is unlikely to be able to sell for any 
significant return because the household's interest is relatively slight 
or because the cost of selling the household's interest would be 
relatively great. Resources so identified shall be excluded as 
inaccessible resources. A resource shall be so identified if its sale or 
other disposition is unlikely to produce any significant amount of funds 
for the support of the household. The Secretary shall not require the 
State agency to require verification of the value of a resource to be 
excluded under this paragraph unless the State agency determines that 
the information provided by the household is questionable.

(h) Temporary emergency standards of eligibility; Food Stamp Disaster 
        Task Force; direct assistance to State and local officials

    (1) The Secretary shall, after consultation with the official 
empowered to exercise the authority provided for by sections 5170a and 
5192 of title 42, establish temporary emergency standards of eligibility 
for the duration of the emergency for households who are victims of a 
disaster which disrupts commercial channels of food distribution, if 
such households are in need of temporary food assistance and if 
commercial channels of food distribution have again become available to 
meet the temporary food needs of such households. Such standards as are 
prescribed for individual emergencies may be promulgated without regard 
to section 2013(c) of this title or the procedures set forth in section 
553 of title 5.
    (2) The Secretary shall--
        (A) establish a Food Stamp Disaster Task Force to assist States 
    in implementing and operating the disaster program and the regular 
    food stamp program in the disaster area; and
        (B) if the Secretary, in the Secretary's discretion, determines 
    that it is cost-effective to send members of the Task Force to the 
    disaster area, the Secretary shall send them to such area as soon as 
    possible after the disaster occurs to provide direct assistance to 
    State and local officials.

    (3)(A) The Secretary shall provide, by regulation, for emergency 
allotments to eligible households to replace food destroyed in a 
disaster. The regulations shall provide for replacement of the value of 
food actually lost up to a limit approved by the Secretary not greater 
than the applicable maximum monthly allotment for the household size.
    (B) The Secretary shall adjust reporting and other application 
requirements to be consistent with what is practicable under actual 
conditions in the affected area. In making this adjustment, the 
Secretary shall consider the availability of the State agency's offices 
and personnel and any damage to or disruption of transportation and 
communication facilities.

(i) Attribution of income and resources to sponsored aliens; coverage, 
        computations, etc.

    (1) For purposes of determining eligibility for and the amount of 
benefits under this chapter for an individual who is an alien as 
described in section 2015(f)(2)(B) of this title, the income and 
resources of any person who as a sponsor of such individual's entry into 
the United States executed an affidavit of support or similar agreement 
with respect to such individual, and the income and resources of the 
sponsor's spouse if such spouse is living with the sponsor, shall be 
deemed to be the income and resources of such individual for a period of 
three years after the individual's entry into the United States. Any 
such income deemed to be income of such individual shall be treated as 
unearned income of such individual.
    (2)(A) The amount of income of a sponsor, and the sponsor's spouse 
if living with the sponsor, which shall be deemed to be the unearned 
income of an alien for any year shall be determined as follows:
        (i) the total yearly rate of earned and unearned income of such 
    sponsor, and such sponsor's spouse if such spouse is living with the 
    sponsor, shall be determined for such year under rules prescribed by 
    the Secretary;
        (ii) the amount determined under clause (i) of this subparagraph 
    shall be reduced by an amount equal to the income eligibility 
    standard as determined under subsection (c) of this section for a 
    household equal in size to the sponsor, the sponsor's spouse if 
    living with the sponsor, and any persons dependent upon or receiving 
    support from the sponsor or the sponsor's spouse if the spouse is 
    living with the sponsor; and
        (iii) the monthly income attributed to such alien shall be one-
    twelfth of the amount calculated under clause (ii) of this 
    subparagraph.

    (B) The amount of resources of a sponsor, and the sponsor's spouse 
if living with the sponsor, which shall be deemed to be the resources of 
an alien for any year shall be determined as follows:
        (i) the total amount of the resources of such sponsor and such 
    sponsor's spouse if such spouse is living with the sponsor shall be 
    determined under rules prescribed by the Secretary;
        (ii) the amount determined under clause (i) of this subparagraph 
    shall be reduced by $1,500; and
        (iii) the resources determined under clause (ii) of this 
    subparagraph shall be deemed to be resources of such alien in 
    addition to any resources of such alien.

    (C)(i) Any individual who is an alien shall, during the period of 
three years after entry into the United States, in order to be an 
eligible individual or eligible spouse for purposes of this chapter, be 
required to provide to the State agency such information and 
documentation with respect to the alien's sponsor and sponsor's spouse 
as may be necessary in order for the State agency to make any 
determination required under this section, and to obtain any cooperation 
from such sponsor necessary for any such determination. Such alien shall 
also be required to provide such information and documentation which 
such alien or the sponsor provided in support of such alien's 
immigration application as the State agency may request.
    (ii) The Secretary shall enter into agreements with the Secretary of 
State and the Attorney General whereby any information available to such 
persons and required in order to make any determination under this 
section will be provided by such persons to the Secretary, and whereby 
such persons shall inform any sponsor of an alien, at the time such 
sponsor executes an affidavit of support or similar agreement, of the 
requirements imposed by this section.
    (D) Any sponsor of an alien, and such alien, shall be jointly and 
severably liable for an amount equal to any overpayment made to such 
alien during the period of three years after such alien's entry into the 
United States, on account of such sponsor's failure to provide correct 
information under the provisions of this section, except where such 
sponsor was without fault, or where good cause for such failure existed. 
Any such overpayment which is not repaid shall be recovered in 
accordance with the provisions of section 2022(b)(2) \1\ of this title.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ See References in Text note below.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (E) The provisions of this subsection shall not apply with respect 
to any alien who is a member of the sponsor's household, as defined in 
section 2012(i) of this title.

(j) Resource exemption for otherwise exempt households

    Notwithstanding subsections (a) through (i) of this section, a State 
agency shall consider a household member who receives supplemental 
security income benefits under title XVI of the Social Security Act [42 
U.S.C. 1381 et seq.], aid to the aged, blind, or disabled under title I, 
II, X, XIV, or XVI of such Act [42 U.S.C. 301 et seq., 401 et seq., 1201 
et seq., 1351 et seq., 1381 et seq.], or who receives benefits under a 
State program funded under part A of title IV of the Act (42 U.S.C. 601 
et seq.) to have satisfied the resource limitations prescribed under 
subsection (g) of this section.

(k) Assistance to third parties included; educational benefits; 
        exceptions

    (1) For purposes of subsection (d)(1) of this section, except as 
provided in paragraph (2), assistance provided to a third party on 
behalf of a household by a State or local government shall be considered 
money payable directly to the household if the assistance is provided in 
lieu of--
        (A) a regular benefit payable to the household for living 
    expenses under a State program funded under part A of title IV of 
    the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.); or
        (B) a benefit payable to the household for housing expenses 
    under--
            (i) a State or local general assistance program; or
            (ii) another basic assistance program comparable to general 
        assistance (as determined by the Secretary).

    (2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to--
        (A) medical assistance;
        (B) child care assistance;
        (C) a payment or allowance described in subsection (d)(11) of 
    this section;
        (D) assistance provided by a State or local housing authority;
        (E) emergency assistance for migrant or seasonal farmworker 
    households during the period such households are in the job stream;
        (F) emergency and special assistance, to the extent excluded in 
    regulations prescribed by the Secretary; or
        (G) assistance provided to a third party on behalf of a 
    household under a State or local general assistance program, or 
    another local basic assistance program comparable to general 
    assistance (as determined by the Secretary), if, under State law, no 
    assistance under the program may be provided directly to the 
    household in the form of a cash payment.

    (3) For purposes of subsection (d)(1) of this section, educational 
loans on which payment is deferred, grants, scholarships, fellowships, 
veterans' educational benefits, and the like that are provided to a 
third party on behalf of a household for living expenses shall be 
treated as money payable directly to the household.
    (4) Third party energy assistance payments.--
        (A) Energy assistance payments.--For purposes of subsection 
    (d)(1) of this section, a payment made under a State law (other than 
    a law referred to in paragraph (2)(H)) \1\ to provide energy 
    assistance to a household shall be considered money payable directly 
    to the household.
        (B) Energy assistance expenses.--For purposes of subsection 
    (e)(7) of this section, an expense paid on behalf of a household 
    under a State law to provide energy assistance shall be considered 
    an out-of-pocket expense incurred and paid by the household.

(l) Earnings to participants of on-the-job training programs; exception

    Notwithstanding section 181(a)(2) of the Workforce Investment Act of 
1998 [29 U.S.C. 2931(a)(2)], earnings to individuals participating in 
on-the-job training under title I of the Workforce Investment Act of 
1998 [29 U.S.C. 2801 et seq.] shall be considered earned income for 
purposes of the food stamp program, except for dependents less than 19 
years of age.

(m) Simplified calculation of income for self-employed

                           (1) In general

        Not later than 1 year after August 22, 1996, the Secretary shall 
    establish a procedure by which a State may submit a method, designed 
    to not increase Federal costs, for the approval of the Secretary, 
    that the Secretary determines will produce a reasonable estimate of 
    income excluded under subsection (d)(9) of this section in lieu of 
    calculating the actual cost of producing self-employment income.

      (2) Inclusive of all types of income or limited types of 
                                   income

        The method submitted by a State under paragraph (1) may allow a 
    State to estimate income for all types of self-employment income or 
    may be limited to 1 or more types of self-employment income.

            (3) Differences for different types of income

        The method submitted by a State under paragraph (1) may differ 
    for different types of self-employment income.

(Pub. L. 88-525, Sec. 5, Aug. 31, 1964, 78 Stat. 704; Pub. L. 91-671, 
Sec. 4, Jan. 11, 1971, 84 Stat. 2049; Pub. L. 93-86, Sec. 3(d), (e), 
(g), (h), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 246, 247; Pub. L. 95-113, title XIII, 
Sec. 1301, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 962; Pub. L. 96-58, Sec. 2, Aug. 14, 
1979, 93 Stat. 390; Pub. L. 96-223, title III, Sec. 313(c)(2), Apr. 2, 
1980, 94 Stat. 299; Pub. L. 96-249, title I, Secs. 102-108, 112, 136-
138, May 26, 1980, 94 Stat. 357-359, 361, 369, 370; Pub. L. 97-35, title 
I, Secs. 104(a), 105-107, 115, 116(a)(1), title XXVI, Sec. 2611, Aug. 
13, 1981, 95 Stat. 358-361, 364, 902; Pub. L. 97-98, title XIII, 
Secs. 1305-1309, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1283, 1284; Pub. L. 97-253, 
title I, Secs. 143(b), 145(c), (d), 146-152(a), 153, 189(a), Sept. 8, 
1982, 96 Stat. 773-776, 787; Pub. L. 98-204, Sec. 4, Dec. 2, 1983, 97 
Stat. 1385; Pub. L. 99-198, title XV, Secs. 1507(a)(1), 1508-1513(a), 
1514, 1515, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1567-1572; Pub. L. 99-500, 
Sec. 101(a) [title VI, Sec. 638(a)], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783, 
1783-34, and Pub. L. 99-591, Sec. 101(a) [title VI, Sec. 638(a)], Oct. 
30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341, 3341-34; Pub. L. 100-77, title VIII, 
Secs. 803(a), 804(a), 805(a), 806(a), 807(a), July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 
534, 535; Pub. L. 100-232, Sec. 2(a), Jan. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1566; Pub. 
L. 100-387, title V, Sec. 501(a), Aug. 11, 1988, 102 Stat. 960; Pub. L. 
100-435, title II, Secs. 201, 202(a), title III, Secs. 340-343, 351, 
title IV, Secs. 402, 403, 404(f), Sept. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 1655, 1656, 
1663-1665, 1668; Pub. L. 100-707, title I, Sec. 109(d), Nov. 23, 1988, 
102 Stat. 4708; Pub. L. 101-624, title XVII, Secs. 1714-1718(a), 1719-
1722, 1726(b)(2), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3783-3787; Pub. L. 102-40, 
title IV, Sec. 402(d)(2), May 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 239; Pub. L. 102-237, 
title IX, Secs. 902-906, 941(2), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1884, 1885, 
1892; Pub. L. 102-265, Sec. 1(a), Mar. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 90; Pub. L. 
102-367, title VII, Sec. 702(b), Sept. 7, 1992, 106 Stat. 1113; Pub. L. 
103-66, title XIII, Secs. 13911-13915, 13921, 13922(a), 13923, 13924, 
Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 673-675; Pub. L. 103-225, title I, 
Sec. 101(b)(2), Mar. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 107; Pub. L. 104-193, title I, 
Sec. 109(a), title VIII, Secs. 806-809(a), 810-812, Aug. 22, 1996, 110 
Stat. 2169, 2309, 2313, 2314; Pub. L. 105-277, div. A, Sec. 101(f) 
[title VIII, Sec. 405(d)(2)(A), (f)(2)(A)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 
2681-337, 2681-418, 2681-429; Pub. L. 106-387, Sec. 1(a) [title VIII, 
Secs. 846(a), 847(a)], Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1549, 1549A-65, 1549A-
66.)

                       References in Text

    The Social Security Act, referred to in subsecs. (a), (d)(5), (11), 
(12), (f)(4), (g)(2)(D), (j), and (k)(1)(A), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 
531, 49 Stat. 620, as amended. Titles I, II, X, XIV, and XVI of the 
Social Security Act are classified generally to subchapters I (Sec. 301 
et seq.), II (Sec. 401 et seq.), X (Sec. 1201 et seq.), XIV (Sec. 1351 
et seq.), and XVI (Sec. 1381 et seq.), respectively, of chapter 7 of 
Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Title IV-A (part A of title IV) 
of the Act is classified generally to part A (Sec. 601 et seq.) of 
subchapter IV of chapter 7 of Title 42. For complete classification of 
this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.
    The Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Act of 1981, referred to in 
subsec. (e)(7)(C)(iv), is title XXVI of Pub. L. 97-35, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 
Stat. 893, as amended, which is classified generally to subchapter II 
(Sec. 8621 et seq.) of chapter 94 of Title 42. For complete 
classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out 
under section 8621 of Title 42 and Tables.
    Section 2022(b) of this title, referred to in subsec. (i)(2)(D), was 
amended generally by Pub. L. 104-193, title VIII, Sec. 844(a)(1), Aug. 
22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2332, and, as so amended, provisions formerly 
appearing in section 2022(b)(2) of this title now appear in section 
2022(b)(1) of this title.
    Paragraph (2)(H), referred to in subsec. (k)(4)(A), meaning par. 
(2)(H) of subsec. (k), was redesignated par. (2)(G) by Pub. L. 104-193, 
title VIII, Sec. 811(2), Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2314.
    The Workforce Investment Act of 1998, referred to in subsec. (l), is 
Pub. L. 105-220, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 936, as amended. Title I of the 
Act is classified principally to chapter 30 (Sec. 2801 et seq.) of Title 
29, Labor. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see 
Short Title note set out under section 9201 of Title 20, Education, and 
Tables.

                          Codification

    Pub. L. 99-591 is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99-500.


                               Amendments

    2000--Subsec. (e)(7)(B)(iii) to (vi). Pub. L. 106-387, Sec. 1(a) 
[title VIII, Sec. 846(a)], added cls. (iii) to (vi) and struck out 
former cls. (iii) and (iv) which read as follows:
    ``(iii) for fiscal years 1999 and 2000, $275, $478, $393, $334, and 
$203 per month, respectively; and
    ``(iv) for fiscal year 2001 and each subsequent fiscal year, $300, 
$521, $429, $364, and $221 per month, respectively.''
    Subsec. (g)(2)(B)(iv). Pub. L. 106-387, Sec. 1(a) [title VIII, 
Sec. 847(a)(1)], substituted ``subparagraphs (C) and (D)'' for 
``subparagraph (C)'' and ``to the extent that the fair market value of 
the vehicle exceeds $4,650; and'' for ``to the extent that the fair 
market value of the vehicle exceeds $4,600 through September 30, 1996, 
and $4,650 beginning October 1, 1996; and''.
    Subsec. (g)(2)(D). Pub. L. 106-387, Sec. 1(a) [title VIII, 
Sec. 847(a)(2)], added subpar. (D).
    1998--Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 105-277, Sec. 101(f) [title VIII, 
Sec. 405(f)(2)(A)], substituted ``Notwithstanding section 181(a)(2) of 
the Workforce Investment Act of 1998, earnings to individuals 
participating in on-the-job training under title I of the Workforce 
Investment Act of 1998'' for ``Notwithstanding section 1552(b) of title 
29 or section 181(a)(2) of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998, 
earnings to individuals participating in on-the-job training programs 
under section 1604(b)(1)(C) or 1644(c)(1)(A) of title 29 or in on-the-
job training under title I of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998''.
    Pub. L. 105-277, Sec. 101(f) [title VIII, Sec. 405(d)(2)(A)], 
substituted ``Notwithstanding section 1552(b) of title 29 or section 
181(a)(2) of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998, earnings to 
individuals participating in on-the-job training programs under section 
1604(b)(1)(C) or 1644(c)(1)(A) of title 29 or in on-the-job training 
under title I of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998'' for 
``Notwithstanding section 1552(b) of title 29, earnings to individuals 
participating in on-the-job training programs under section 
1604(b)(1)(C) or section 1644(c)(1)(A) of title 29''.
    1996--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104-193, Sec. 109(a)(1), substituted 
``program funded under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act (42 
U.S.C. 601 et seq.)'' for ``plan approved under part A of title IV of 
the Social Security Act''.
    Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104-193, Sec. 806, inserted heading and 
substituted ``Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, the 
Secretary'' for ``The Secretary''.
    Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 104-193, Sec. 109(a)(2)(A), substituted 
``assistance under a State program funded'' for ``assistance to families 
with dependent children''.
    Subsec. (d)(7). Pub. L. 104-193, Sec. 807, substituted ``17'' for 
``21''.
    Subsec. (d)(11). Pub. L. 104-193, Sec. 808(a), added par. (11) and 
struck out former par. (11) which read as follows: ``any payments or 
allowances made for the purpose of providing energy assistance (A) under 
any Federal law, or (B) under any State or local laws, designated by the 
State or local legislative body authorizing such payments or allowances 
as energy assistance, and determined by the Secretary to be calculated 
as if provided by the State or local government involved on a seasonal 
basis for an aggregate period not to exceed six months in any year even 
if such payments or allowances (including tax credits) are not provided 
on a seasonal basis because it would be administratively infeasible or 
impracticable to do so,''.
    Subsec. (d)(13) to (16). Pub. L. 104-193, Sec. 109(a)(2)(B), 
redesignated pars. (14) to (16) as (13) to (15), respectively, and 
struck out former par. (13) which read as follows: ``at the option of a 
State agency and subject to subsection (m) of this section, child 
support payments that are excluded under section 402(a)(8)(A)(vi) of the 
Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 602(a)(8)(A)(vi)),''.
    Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 104-193, Sec. 809(a), added subsec. (e) and 
struck out former subsec. (e) which provided for deductions in computing 
household income for purposes of determining eligibility and benefit 
levels for households containing an elderly or disabled member and 
determining benefit levels only for all other households.
    Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 104-193, Sec. 810, added par. (2) and struck 
out former par. (2) which read as follows: ``The Secretary shall, in 
prescribing inclusions in, and exclusions from, financial resources, 
follow the regulations in force as of June 1, 1982 (other than those 
relating to licensed vehicles and inaccessible resources), and shall, in 
addition, include in financial resources any boats, snowmobiles, and 
airplanes used for recreational purposes, any vacation homes, any mobile 
homes used primarily for vacation purposes, any licensed vehicle (other 
than one used to produce earned income or that is necessary for 
transportation of a physically disabled household member and any other 
property, real or personal, to the extent that it is directly related to 
the maintenance or use of such vehicle) used for household 
transportation or used to obtain or continue employment to the extent 
that the fair market value of any such vehicle exceeds a level set by 
the Secretary, which shall be $4,500 through August 31, 1994, $4,550 
beginning September 1, 1994, through September 30, 1995, $4,600 
beginning October 1, 1995, through September 30, 1996, and $5,000 
beginning October 1, 1996, as adjusted on such date and on each October 
1 thereafter to reflect changes in the new car component of the Consumer 
Price Index for All Urban Consumers published by the Bureau of Labor 
Statistics for the 12-month period ending on June 30 preceding the date 
of such adjustment and rounded to the nearest $50, and, regardless of 
whether there is a penalty for early withdrawal, any savings or 
retirement accounts (including individual accounts). The Secretary shall 
exclude from financial resources the value of a vehicle that a household 
depends upon to carry fuel for heating or water for home use when such 
transported fuel or water is the primary source of fuel or water for the 
household.''
    Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 104-193, Sec. 109(a)(3), substituted ``program 
funded under part A of title IV of the Act (42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.)'' for 
``plan approved under part A of title IV of such Act (42 U.S.C. 601 et 
seq.)''.
    Subsec. (k)(1). Pub. L. 104-193, Sec. 808(b)(1), in subpar. (A), 
substituted ``State program funded'' for ``State plan for aid to 
families with dependent children approved'' and in subpar. (B), struck 
out ``, not including energy or utility-cost assistance,'' before 
``under'' in introductory provisions.
    Subsec. (k)(2)(C). Pub. L. 104-193, Sec. 808(b)(2), added subpar. 
(C) and struck out former subpar. (C) which read as follows: ``energy 
assistance;''.
    Subsec. (k)(2)(F) to (H). Pub. L. 104-193, Sec. 811, redesignated 
subpars. (G) and (H) as (F) and (G), respectively, and struck out former 
subpar. (F) which read as follows: ``housing assistance payments made to 
a third party on behalf of the household residing in transitional 
housing for the homeless;''.
    Subsec. (k)(4). Pub. L. 104-193, Sec. 808(b)(3), added par. (4).
    Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 104-193, Sec. 812, added subsec. (m).
    Pub. L. 104-193, Sec. 109(a)(4), struck out subsec. (m) which read 
as follows: ``If a State agency excludes payments from income for 
purposes of the food stamp program under subsection (d)(13) of this 
section, such State agency shall pay to the Federal Government, in a 
manner prescribed by the Secretary, the cost of any additional benefits 
provided to households in such State that arise under such program as 
the result of such exclusion.''
    1994--Subsec. (f)(2)(C). Pub. L. 103-225 substituted ``clauses (i), 
(ii), and (iii)'' for ``clauses (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv)''.
    1993--Subsec. (d)(7). Pub. L. 103-66, Sec. 13911, substituted ``who 
is an elementary or secondary school student, and who is 21 years of age 
or younger'' for ``who is a student, and who has not attained his 
eighteenth birthday''.
    Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 103-66, Sec. 13922(a), in cl. (1) of fourth 
sentence, substituted ``$200 a month for each dependent child under 2 
years of age and $175 a month for each other dependent'' for ``$160 a 
month for each dependent'', and struck out ``, regardless of the 
dependent's age,'' before ``when such care enables a household member to 
accept''.
    Pub. L. 103-66, Sec. 13912(a)(1), in fourth sentence struck out ``: 
Provided, That the amount of such excess shelter expense deduction shall 
not exceed $164 a month in the forty-eight contiguous States and the 
District of Columbia, and shall not exceed, in Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, and 
the Virgin Islands of the United States $285, $234, $199, and $121 a 
month, respectively, adjusted on October 1, 1988, and on each October 1 
thereafter, to the nearest lower dollar increment to reflect changes in 
the shelter, fuel, and utilities components of housing costs in the 
Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers published by the Bureau of 
Labor Statistics, as appropriately adjusted by the Bureau of Labor 
Statistics after consultation with the Secretary, for the twelve months 
ending the preceding June 30'' after ``deductions have been allowed''.
    Pub. L. 103-66, Sec. 13912(b)(2), which directed amendment of 
subsec. (e), as amended by section 13912(b)(1) of Pub. L. 103-66, by 
striking out the fifth and sixth sentences, could not be executed in 
view of amendment by Pub. L. 104-193. See 1996 Amendment note above and 
Effective Date of 1993 Amendment note below.
    Pub. L. 103-66, Sec. 13912(b)(1), inserted new fifth and sixth 
sentences: ``In the 15-month period ending September 30, 1995, such 
excess shelter expense deduction shall not exceed $231 a month in the 48 
contiguous States and the District of Columbia, and shall not exceed, in 
Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, and the Virgin Islands of the United States, $402, 
$330, $280, and $171 a month, respectively. In the 15-month period 
ending December 31, 1996, such excess shelter expense deduction shall 
not exceed $247 a month in the 48 contiguous States and the District of 
Columbia, and shall not exceed, in Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, and the Virgin 
Islands of the United States, $429, $353, $300, and $182 a month, 
respectively.''
    Pub. L. 103-66, Sec. 13912(a)(2), in seventh sentence struck out 
``under clause (2) of the preceding sentence'' after ``shelter expense 
deduction''.
    Pub. L. 103-66, Sec. 13921, inserted at end: ``Before determining 
the excess shelter expense deduction, all households shall be entitled 
to a deduction for child support payments made by a household member to 
or for an individual who is not a member of the household if such 
household member was legally obligated to make such payments, except 
that the Secretary is authorized to prescribe by regulation the methods, 
including calculation on a retrospective basis, that State agencies 
shall use to determine the amount of the deduction for child support 
payments.''
    Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 103-66, Sec. 13924, inserted at end: ``The 
Secretary shall exclude from financial resources the value of a vehicle 
that a household depends upon to carry fuel for heating or water for 
home use when such transported fuel or water is the primary source of 
fuel or water for the household.''
    Pub. L. 103-66, Sec. 13923, substituted ``a level set by the 
Secretary, which shall be $4,500 through August 31, 1994, $4,550 
beginning September 1, 1994, through September 30, 1995, $4,600 
beginning October 1, 1995, through September 30, 1996, and $5,000 
beginning October 1, 1996, as adjusted on such date and on each October 
1 thereafter to reflect changes in the new car component of the Consumer 
Price Index for All Urban Consumers published by the Bureau of Labor 
Statistics for the 12-month period ending on June 30 preceding the date 
of such adjustment and rounded to the nearest $50'' for ``$4,500''.
    Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 103-66, Sec. 13913, inserted at end: ``The 
Secretary shall also exclude from financial resources any earned income 
tax credits received by any member of the household for a period of 12 
months from receipt if such member was participating in the food stamp 
program at the time the credits were received and participated in such 
program continuously during the 12-month period.''
    Subsec. (k)(1)(B). Pub. L. 103-66, Sec. 13915, substituted ``housing 
expenses, not including energy or utility-cost assistance,'' for 
``living expenses''.
    Subsec. (k)(2)(F). Pub. L. 103-66, Sec. 13914, amended subpar. (F) 
generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (F) read as follows: ``housing 
assistance payments made to a third party on behalf of a household 
residing in transitional housing for the homeless in an amount equal to 
50 percent of the maximum shelter allowance provided to families not 
residing in such transitional housing under the States' plan for aid to 
families with dependent children approved under part A of title IV of 
the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.), if the State agency 
calculates a shelter allowance to be paid under the State plan separate 
and apart from payments for other household needs even though it may be 
paid in combination with other allowances in some cases;''.
    1992--Subsec. (d)(16). Pub. L. 102-265 substituted ``subparagraph 
(A)(iii) or (B)(iv) of section 1612(b)(4) of the Social Security Act (42 
U.S.C. 1382a(b)(4))'' for ``section 1612(b)(4)(B)(iv) of the Social 
Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1382a(b)(4)(B)(iv))''.
    Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 102-367 substituted ``section 1604(b)(1)(C) or 
section 1644(c)(1)(A) of title 29'' for ``section 1604(5) of title 29''.
    1991--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102-237, Sec. 902, substituted ``based on 
income criteria comparable to or more restrictive than those under 
subsection (c)(2) of this section, and not limited to one-time emergency 
payments that cannot be provided for more than one consecutive month,'' 
for ``appropriate for categorical treatment''.
    Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 102-237, Sec. 941(2)(A), made technical 
amendment to reference to subsection (f) of this section involving 
corresponding provision of original act.
    Subsec. (d)(3)(A). Pub. L. 102-237, Sec. 903(1)(A), substituted 
``awarded to a household member enrolled'' for ``to the extent that they 
are used for tuition and mandatory school fees (including the rental or 
purchase of any equipment, materials, and supplies required to pursue 
the course of study involved)''.
    Subsec. (d)(3)(B). Pub. L. 102-237, Sec. 903(1)(B), inserted ``used 
for or'' after ``amount'' and substituted ``program, or other grantor, 
for tuition and mandatory fees (including the rental or purchase of any 
equipment, materials, and supplies related to the pursuit of the course 
of study involved),'' for ``or program for''.
    Subsec. (d)(12). Pub. L. 102-40 substituted ``section 5312 of title 
38'' for ``section 3112 of title 38''.
    Subsec. (d)(16). Pub. L. 102-237, Sec. 903(2), (3), added par. (16).
    Subsec. (g)(5). Pub. L. 102-237, Sec. 904, inserted at end ``A 
resource shall be so identified if its sale or other disposition is 
unlikely to produce any significant amount of funds for the support of 
the household. The Secretary shall not require the State agency to 
require verification of the value of a resource to be excluded under 
this paragraph unless the State agency determines that the information 
provided by the household is questionable.''
    Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 102-237, Sec. 941(2)(B), made technical 
amendment to references to sections 5170a and 5192 of title 42 to 
reflect change in reference to corresponding provision of original act.
    Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 102-237, Sec. 905, amended subsec. (j) 
generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (j) read as follows: 
``Notwithstanding subsections (a) through (i) of this section, a State 
agency may consider the resources of a household member who receives 
supplemental security income benefits under title XVI of the Social 
Security Act, aid to the aged, blind, or disabled under title I, X, XIV, 
or XVI of the Social Security Act or who receives benefits under a State 
plan approved under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act (42 
U.S.C. 601 et seq.) and whose income does not exceed the applicable 
income standard of eligibility described in subsection (c)(2) of this 
section to be exempt for purposes of satisfying the resource limitations 
prescribed under subsection (g) of this section if the resources are 
considered exempt for purposes of such title.''
    Subsec. (k)(2)(E). Pub. L. 102-237, Sec. 941(2)(C), realigned the 
margin.
    Subsec. (k)(2)(F). Pub. L. 102-237, Sec. 906, inserted before 
semicolon at end ``, if the State agency calculates a shelter allowance 
to be paid under the State plan separate and apart from payments for 
other household needs even though it may be paid in combination with 
other allowances in some cases''.
    1990--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101-624, Sec. 1714(2), inserted after 
second sentence ``Except for sections 2015, 2025(e)(1), and the third 
sentence of section 2012(i) of this title, households in which each 
member receives benefits under a State or local general assistance 
program that complies with standards established by the Secretary for 
ensuring that the program is appropriate for categorical treatment shall 
be eligible to participate in the food stamp program.''
    Pub. L. 101-624, Sec. 1714(1), struck out ``and beginning on 
December 23, 1985,'' before ``households in which each member 
receives''.
    Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 101-624, Sec. 1715(a)(1), inserted ``(A)'' 
after ``the like'' and substituted ``(including the rental or purchase 
of any equipment, materials, and supplies required to pursue the course 
of study involved) at a recognized institution of post-secondary 
education, at a school for the handicapped, in a vocational education 
program, or in a program that provides for completion of a secondary 
school diploma or obtaining the equivalent thereof, (B) to the extent 
that they do not exceed the amount made available as an allowance 
determined by such school, institution, or program for books, supplies, 
transportation, and other miscellaneous personal expenses (other than 
living expenses), of the student incidental to attending such school, 
institution, or program, and (C)'' for ``at an institution of post-
secondary education or school for the handicapped, and''.
    Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 101-624, Sec. 1716, inserted ``and any 
allowance a State agency provides no more frequently than annually to 
families with children on the occasion of those children's entering or 
returning to school or child care for the purpose of obtaining school 
clothes (except that no such allowance shall be excluded if the State 
agency reduces monthly assistance to families with dependent children 
under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 601 et 
seq.) in the month for which the allowance is provided)'' after 
``household''.
    Pub. L. 101-624, Sec. 1715(a)(2), inserted ``and'' after ``1988),'', 
struck out ``non-Federal'' after ``no portion of any'', and struck out 
``and no portion of any Federal educational loan on which payment is 
deferred, grant, scholarship, fellowship, veterans' benefits, and the 
like to the extent it provides income assistance beyond that used for 
tuition and mandatory school fees,'' before ``shall be considered such 
reimbursement''.
    Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101-624, Sec. 1717, inserted before period at 
end of last sentence ``, shall rely on reasonable estimates of the 
member's expected medical expenses for the certification period 
(including changes that can be reasonably anticipated based on available 
information about the member's medical condition, public or private 
medical insurance coverage, and the current verified medical expenses 
incurred by the member), and shall not require further reporting or 
verification of a change in medical expenses if such a change has been 
anticipated for the certification period''.
    Pub. L. 101-624, Sec. 1715(b), inserted ``, amounts made available 
and excluded for the expenses under subsection (d)(3) of this section,'' 
after ``third party'' in fourth sentence.
    Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 101-624, Sec. 1718(a), amended par. (2) 
generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows:
    ``(A) Households not required to submit monthly reports of their 
income and household circumstances under section 2015(c)(1) of this 
title shall have their income calculated on a prospective basis, as 
provided in paragraph (3)(A).
    ``(B) Households required to submit monthly reports of their income 
and household circumstances under section 2015(c)(1) of this title shall 
have their income calculated on a retrospective basis, as provided in 
paragraph (3)(B), except that in the case of the first month, or at the 
option of the State the first and second months, in a continuous period 
in which a household is certified, the State agency shall determine the 
amount of benefits on the basis of the household's income and other 
relevant circumstances in such first or second month.''
    Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 101-624, Sec. 1726(b)(2), inserted before 
period at end of par. (3) ``and nonliquid resources necessary to allow 
the household to carry out a plan for self-sufficiency approved by the 
State agency that constitutes adequate participation in an employment 
and training program under section 2015(d) of this title''.
    Pub. L. 101-624, Sec. 1719(1), designated first through fourth 
sentences as pars. (1) to (4), respectively, and added par. (5).
    Subsec. (h)(3). Pub. L. 101-624, Sec. 1720, added par. (3).
    Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 101-624, Sec. 1719(2), substituted ``the 
resources of a household member who receives supplemental security 
income benefits under title XVI of the Social Security Act, aid to the 
aged, blind, or disabled under title I, X, XIV, or XVI of the Social 
Security Act or who receives'' for ``a household in which all members of 
the household receive'' and ``be exempt for purposes of satisfying the 
resource limitations prescribed under subsection (g) of this section if 
the resources are considered exempt for purposes of such title'' for 
``have satisfied the resource limitations prescribed under subsection 
(g) of this section''.
    Subsec. (k)(2)(F). Pub. L. 101-624, Sec. 1721, added subpar. (F) and 
struck out former subpar. (F) which read as follows: ``housing 
assistance payments made to a third party on behalf of a household 
residing in temporary housing if the temporary housing unit provided for 
the household as a result of such assistance payments lacks facilities 
for the preparation and cooking of hot meals or the refrigerated storage 
of food for home consumption; or''.
    Subsec. (k)(2)(H). Pub. L. 101-624, Sec. 1722, added subpar. (H).
    1988--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100-435, Sec. 201, struck out ``during 
the period'' before ``beginning on December 23, 1985'' and ``and ending 
on September 30, 1989'' after ``beginning on December 23, 1985,''.
    Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 100-435, Sec. 340(2), inserted 
``(notwithstanding its conversion in whole or in part to direct payments 
to households pursuant to any demonstration project carried out or 
authorized under Federal law including demonstration projects created by 
the waiver of provisions of Federal law)'' after ``to a household''.
    Pub. L. 100-435, Sec. 340(1), which directed that ``and except as 
provided in subsection (k),'' be struck out was executed by striking out 
``except as provided in subsection (k),'' as the probable intent of 
Congress.
    Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 100-435, Sec. 404(f), inserted ``(except for 
payments or reimbursements for such expenses made under an employment, 
education, or training program initiated under such title after 
September 19, 1988)'' after ``child care expenses''.
    Subsec. (d)(8). Pub. L. 100-232 inserted ``cash donations based on 
need that are received from one or more private nonprofit charitable 
organizations, but not in excess of $300 in the aggregate in a 
quarter,'' after ``or credits,''.
    Subsec. (d)(11). Pub. L. 100-435, Sec. 343, substituted ``allowances 
made for the purpose of providing energy assistance (A) under any 
Federal law, or (B) under any State or local laws, designated'' for 
``allowances made under (A) any Federal law for the purpose of providing 
energy assistance, or (B) any State or local laws for the purpose of 
providing energy assistance, designated''.
    Subsec. (d)(14). Pub. L. 100-435, Sec. 402, added cl. (14).
    Subsec. (d)(15). Pub. L. 100-435, Sec. 403(a), added cl. (15).
    Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 100-435, Sec. 403(b), in fourth sentence 
inserted ``and expenses that are paid under section 2015(d)(4)(I) of 
this title for dependent care'' after ``third party'' and substituted 
``$160 a month for each dependent'' for ``$160 a month''.
    Pub. L. 100-435, Sec. 351, inserted provisions at end respecting 
method of claiming recurring medical expense deduction.
    Subsec. (f)(1)(A). Pub. L. 100-435, Sec. 341, inserted provisions 
relating to permitted averaging of income and expenses in calculation of 
household income from member self-employed in farming operation and 
substituted ``first'' for ``preceding''.
    Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 100-435, Sec. 202(a), added par. (2) and 
struck out former par. (2) which read as follows:
    ``(A) Household income for--
        ``(i) migrant farmworker households, and
        ``(ii) households--
            ``(I) that have no earned income, and
            ``(II) in which all adult members are elderly or disabled 
        members,
shall be calculated on a prospective basis, as provided in paragraph 
(3)(A).
    ``(B) Household income for households that are permitted to report 
household circumstances at specified intervals less frequent than 
monthly under the first sentence of section 2015(c)(1) of this title, 
may, with the approval of the Secretary, be calculated by a State agency 
on a prospective basis, as provided in paragraph (3)(A) of this 
subsection.
    ``(C) Except as provided in subparagraphs (A) and (B), household 
income for households that have earned income and for households that 
include any member who has recent work history shall be calculated on a 
retrospective basis as provided in paragraph (3)(B).
    ``(D) Household income for all other households may be calculated, 
at the option of the State agency, on a prospective basis as provided in 
paragraph (3)(A) or on a retrospective basis as provided in paragraph 
(3)(B).''
    Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 100-435, Sec. 342, inserted provisions at end 
relating to exclusion of farm property from financial resources.
    Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 100-707 substituted ``sections 5170a and 5192'' 
for ``section 5142(a)''.
    Subsec. (k)(2)(E) to (G). Pub. L. 100-387 added subpar. (E) and 
redesignated former subpars. (E) and (F) as (F) and (G), respectively.
    1987--Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100-77, Sec. 803(a), inserted ``shall be 
adjusted each October 1 and'' after first reference to ``eligibility''.
    Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 100-77, Sec. 804(a), in second sentence 
substituted ``(3)'' for ``and (3)'' and ``October 1, 1986'' for ``each 
October 1 thereafter'', and inserted cl. (4).
    Pub. L. 100-77, Sec. 805(a), inserted at end of third sentence ``, 
except that such additional deduction shall not be allowed with respect 
to earned income that a household willfully or fraudulently fails (as 
proven in a proceeding provided for in section 2015(b) of this title) to 
report in a timely manner''.
    Pub. L. 100-77, Sec. 806(a), amended proviso in fourth sentence 
generally. Prior to amendment, the proviso read as follows: ``That the 
amount of such excess shelter expense deduction shall not exceed $147 a 
month in the forty-eight contiguous States and the District of Columbia, 
and shall not exceed, in Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, and the Virgin Islands of 
the United States, $256, $210, $179, and $109 a month, respectively, 
adjusted on October 1, 1986, and on each October 1 thereafter, to the 
nearest lower dollar increment to reflect changes in the shelter 
(exclusive of homeowners' costs and maintenance and repair component of 
shelter costs), fuel, and utilities components of housing costs in the 
Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers published by the Bureau of 
Labor Statistics, as appropriately adjusted by the Bureau of Labor 
Statistics after consultation with the Secretary, for the twelve months 
ending the preceding June 30.''
    Subsec. (k)(2). Pub. L. 100-77, Sec. 807, temporarily added subpar. 
(E) and redesignated former subpar. (E) as (F). See Effective and 
Termination Dates of 1987 Amendment note below.
    1986--Subsec. (e)(B). Pub. L. 99-500 and Pub. L. 99-591 substituted 
``contained in clause (1)'' for ``for the excess shelter expense 
deduction contained in clause (2)''.
    1985--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1507(a)(1), inserted 
sentence providing that, notwithstanding any other provisions of this 
chapter except sections 2015(b), 2015(d)(2), and 2015(g) and the third 
sentence of section 2012(i) of this title, and during the period 
beginning on December 23, 1985, and ending on September 30, 1989, 
households in which each member receives benefits under a State plan 
approved under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act, 
supplemental security income benefits under title XVI of the Social 
Security Act, or aid to the aged, blind, or disabled under title I, X, 
XIV, or XVI of the Social Security Act, shall be eligible to participate 
in the food stamp program.
    Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1508(1), inserted ``except as 
provided in subsection (k) of this section,'' after ``payable directly 
to a household,''. Such amendment was duplicated exactly by section 
1509(a)(1) of Pub. L. 99-198 except that the amendment by section 
1509(a)(1) inserted an ``and'' at beginning of phrase inserted.
    Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1509(a)(1), which directed that ``and except as 
provided in subsection (k) of this section,'' be inserted after 
``payable directly to a household,'', was not executed to text because 
it exactly duplicates the amendment made by section 1508(1) of Pub. L. 
99-198 except that the amendment by section 1508(1) of Pub. L. 99-198 
does not contain the ``and'' at beginning of phrase inserted.
    Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1509(a)(2), substituted ``post-
secondary education'' for ``higher education'' and inserted ``and to the 
extent loans include any obligation fees and insurance premiums,''.
    Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1509(a)(3), inserted ``no 
portion of any non-Federal educational loan on which payment is 
deferred, grant, scholarship, fellowship, veterans' benefits, and the 
like that are provided for living expenses, and no portion of any 
Federal educational loan on which payment is deferred, grant, 
scholarship, fellowship, veterans' benefits, and the like to the extent 
it provides income assistance beyond that used for tuition and mandatory 
school fees,'' after ``child care expenses,''.
    Subsec. (d)(9). Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1509(a)(4), inserted ``, but 
household income that otherwise is included under this subsection shall 
be reduced by the extent that the cost of producing self-employment 
income exceeds the income derived from self-employment as a farmer''.
    Subsec. (d)(10). Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1509(a)(5), inserted ``except 
as otherwise provided in subsection (k) of this section''.
    Subsec. (d)(13). Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1510(1), added cl. (13).
    Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1511(1), substituted ``homeowners' 
costs and maintenance and repair component'' for ``homeownership 
component'' in second sentence.
    Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1511(2), substituted ``20 per centum'' for ``18 
per centum'' in third sentence.
    Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1511(3)(B), in cl. (1) of the fourth sentence 
substituted ``$160 a month'' for ``the same as that for the excess 
shelter expense deduction contained in clause (2) of this subsection''.
    Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1511(3)(C), substituted ``and (2)'' for ``, or 
(2)'' in fourth sentence.
    Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1511(3)(A), amended proviso in cl. (2) 
generally. Prior to amendment, proviso read as follows: ``That the 
amount of such excess shelter expense deduction shall not exceed $115 a 
month in the forty-eight contiguous States and the District of Columbia, 
and shall not exceed, in Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, and the Virgin Islands of 
the United States, $200, $165, $140, and $85, respectively, adjusted (i) 
on October 1, 1983, to the nearest lower dollar increment to reflect 
changes in the shelter (exclusive of homeownership costs), fuel, and 
utilities components of housing costs in the Consumer Price Index for 
all urban consumers published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, as 
appropriately adjusted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics after 
consultation with the Secretary, for the fifteen months ending the 
preceding March 31, (ii) on October 1, 1984, to the nearest lower dollar 
increment to reflect such changes for the fifteen months ending the 
preceding June 30, and (iii) on October 1, 1985, and each October 1 
thereafter, to the nearest lower dollar increment to reflect such 
changes for the twelve months ending the preceding June 30,''.
    Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1511(3)(D), in fourth sentence struck out ``, 
or (3) a deduction combining the dependent care and excess shelter 
expense deductions under clauses (1) and (2) of this subsection, the 
maximum allowable level of which shall not exceed the maximum allowable 
deduction under clause (2) of this subsection, on January 1, 1981, 
adjusted to the nearest $5 increment to reflect such changes for the 
eighteen-month period ending the preceding September 30, and, on January 
1, 1982, adjusted to the nearest $5 to reflect such changes for the 
twelve months ending the preceding September 30 and the subsequent three 
months ending December 31 as projected by the Secretary in light of the 
best available data, and, on every January 1 thereafter, adjusted 
annually to the nearest $5 increment to reflect such changes for the 
nine months ending the preceding September 30 and the subsequent three 
months ending December 31 projected by the Secretary in light of the 
best available data''.
    Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1511(4), inserted five new sentences after the 
existing seventh sentence beginning, respectively, ``If a State 
agency'', ``A State agency may use'', ``A State agency not electing'', 
``For purposes of'', and ``A State agency shall allow'', thereby 
repositioning existing sentence beginning ``Households containing an 
elderly or disabled member'' to a new position as 13th sentence of 
subsec. (e).
    Subsec. (f)(1)(A). Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1512, inserted sentence at 
end providing that notwithstanding preceding sentence, if the averaged 
amount does not accurately reflect the household's actual monthly 
circumstances because the household has experienced a substantial 
increase or decrease in business earnings, the State agency shall 
calculate the self-employment income based on anticipated earnings.
    Subsec. (f)(2)(A). Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1513(a)(1), amended subpar. 
(A) generally, inserting reference to households that have no earned 
income and in which all adult members are elderly or disabled members.
    Subsec. (f)(2)(B). Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1513(a)(2), substituted 
``households that are permitted to report household circumstances at 
specified intervals less frequent than monthly under the first sentence 
of section 2015(c)(1) of this title, may, with the approval'' for 
``households that (i) are permitted to report household circumstances at 
specified intervals less frequent than monthly under section 2015(c)(1) 
of this title, (ii) have no earned income and in which all adult members 
are elderly or disabled members, or (iii) are any other households, 
other than a migrant household, not required to report monthly or at 
less frequent intervals under section 2015(c)(1) of this title, may, 
with the approval''.
    Subsec. (f)(2)(C). Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1513(a)(3), substituted 
``Except as provided in subparagraphs (A) and (B), household income for 
households that have earned income and for households that include any 
member who has recent work history shall be calculated on a 
retrospective basis as provided in paragraph (3)(B)'' for ``Household 
income for all other households shall be calculated on a retrospective 
basis as provided in paragraph (3)(B)''.
    Subsec. (f)(2)(D). Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1513(a)(3), added subpar. 
(D).
    Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1514(1), substituted ``$2,000, or, 
in the case of a household which consists of or includes a member who is 
60 years of age or older, if its resources exceed $3,000'' for ``$1,500, 
or, in the case of a household consisting of two or more persons, one of 
whom is age 60 or over, if its resources exceed $3,000''.
    Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1514(2), (3), inserted in second sentence ``and 
inaccessible resources'' after ``relating to licensed vehicles'' and 
``and any other property, real or personal, to the extent that it is 
directly related to the maintenance or use of such vehicle'' after 
``physically disabled household member'', and inserted provision 
directing the Secretary to exclude from financial resources the value of 
a burial plot for each member of a household.
    Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1515, amended par. (2) 
generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: ``The Secretary 
shall establish a Food Stamp Disaster Task Force, to assist States in 
implementing and operating the disaster program, which shall be 
available to go into a disaster area and provide direct assistance to 
State and local officials.''
    Subsec. (k)(1), (2). Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1508(2), added subsec. (k) 
consisting of pars. (1) and (2).
    Subsec. (k)(3). Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1509(b), added par. (3).
    Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1509(c), added subsec. (l).
    Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 99-198, Sec. 1510(2), added subsec. (m).
    1983--Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 98-204 added subpar. (B), and 
redesignated former subpar. (B) as (C).
    1982--Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97-253, Secs. 145(c), 146(a), substituted 
provisions that the income standards of eligibility shall render a 
household ineligible for food stamps if the household's income, after 
certain exclusions and deductions, exceeds the poverty line, or, in the 
case of a household not including an elderly or disabled member (after 
the exclusions provided for in subsec. (d) but before the deductions 
provided for in subsec. (e)) exceeds such poverty line by more than 30 
per centum, for former provisions that the income standards of 
eligibility were, for households containing a member who was sixty years 
of age or over or a member who received supplemental security income 
benefits under title XVI of the Social Security Act or disability and 
blindness payments under titles I, II, X, XIV, and XVI of the Social 
Security Act, 100 per centum, and for all other households, 130 per 
centum, of the nonfarm income poverty guidelines prescribed by the 
Office of Management and Budget adjusted annually pursuant to section 
2971d of title 42, for the forty-eight States and the District of 
Columbia, Alaska, Hawaii, the Virgin Islands of the United States, and 
Guam, respectively.
    Subsec. (d)(12). Pub. L. 97-253, Sec. 147, added par. (12).
    Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 97-253, Secs. 143(b), 145(d), 146(b), 148, 149, 
in first sentence substituted reference for households containing an 
elderly or disabled member for reference to households described in 
subsec. (c)(1) of this section, substituted reference to October 1, 
1983, for reference to July 1, 1983, and reference to the nearest lower 
dollar increment for reference to the nearest $5 increment, 
respectively, wherever appearing in second sentence and in the proviso 
of cl. (2) of fourth sentence, respectively, in fourth and seventh 
sentences and in par. (A) substituted reference to elderly or disabled 
members for references to members who were sixty years of age or over or 
who received supplemental security income benefits under title XVI of 
the Social Security Act or disability and blindness payments under 
titles I, II, X, XIV, and XVI of the Social Security Act, in par. (B) 
substituted reference to the fourth sentence of this subsection for 
former reference to the preceding sentence of this subsection, and 
inserted provisions that in computing the excess shelter expense 
deduction under cl. (2) of the preceding sentence, a State agency may 
use a standard utility allowance in accordance with regulations 
promulgated by the Secretary, except that a State agency may use an 
allowance which does not fluctuate within a year to reflect seasonal 
variations, and that an allowance for a heating or cooling expense may 
not be used for a household that does not incur a heating or cooling 
expense, as the case may be, or does incur a heating or cooling expense 
but is located in a public housing unit which has central utility meters 
and charges households, with regard to such expense, only for excess 
utility costs, and that no such allowance may be used for a household 
that shares such expense with, and lives with, another individual not 
participating in the food stamp program, another household participating 
in the food stamp program, or both, unless the allowance is prorated 
between the household and the other individual, household, or both.
    Subsec. (f)(2)(A). Pub. L. 97-253, Sec. 189(a), corrected a 
typographical error by substituting ``prospective'' for ``propsective''.
    Subsec. (f)(4). Pub. L. 97-253, Sec. 150, inserted ``(except the 
provisions of paragraph (2)(A))'' after ``of this subsection''.
    Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 97-253, Secs. 151, 152(a), substituted ``June 
1, 1982'' for ``June 1, 1977'', substituted ``any licensed vehicle'' for 
``and any licensed vehicle'', struck out the designation ``(1)'' before 
``include in financial resources'', substituted ``$4,500, and, 
regardless of whether there is a penalty for early withdrawal, any 
savings or retirement accounts (including individual accounts).'' for 
``$4,500,'' and struck out provision requiring the Secretary to study 
and develop means of improving the effectiveness of the resource 
requirements adopted under this subsection in limiting participation to 
households in need of food assistance, and implement and report the 
results of such study and the Secretary's plans to the Committee on 
Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate no later than June 1, 
1978.
    Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 97-253, Sec. 153, added subsec. (j).
    1981--Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97-35, Sec. 116(a)(1), struck out 
reference to Puerto Rico.
    Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97-35, Secs. 104(a)(1), 116(a)(1), added cls. 
(1) and (2) and struck out reference to Puerto Rico.
    Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97-98, Secs. 1305, 1306, inserted in cl. (5) a 
proviso that no portion of benefits provided under title IV-A of the 
Social Security Act, to the extent it is attributable to an adjustment 
for work-related or child care expenses, be considered such 
reimbursement, substituted in cl. (10) ``any other Federal law'' for 
``any other law'', and inserted in cl. (11) provision requiring that 
State and local laws be designated as energy assistance and determined 
by the Secretary to be calculated as if provided on a seasonal basis for 
an aggregate period not to exceed six months in any year even if not so 
provided on such basis.
    Pub. L. 97-35, Secs. 107(c), 2611, struck out ``(2)'' after ``(f)'' 
in cl. (2), struck out cl. (10) relating to increased home energy costs 
during fiscal year 1981, and redesignated cl. (11), relating to income 
specifically excluded from consideration by any other law, as cl. (10).
    Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 97-98, Sec. 1307, inserted ``, with respect to 
expenses other than expenses paid on behalf of the household by a third 
party,'' after ``entitled'' in two places.
    Pub. L. 97-35, Secs. 104(a)(2), 105, 106, 115, 116(a)(1), completely 
revised and reorganized provisions to provide for computation of 
standard deduction of $85 per month instead of standard deduction of $60 
per month and accompanying determinations respecting adjustments, 
applicability, etc., for computation.
    Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 97-35, Sec. 107(a), completely revised and 
reorganized provisions to provide for calculation of household income 
through a prospective or retrospective basis instead of calculation of 
household income by the State agency, and accompanying determination 
respecting criteria, methodologies, etc., for calculation.
    Subsec. (f)(2)(B). Pub. L. 97-35, Sec. 107(b), substituted 
provisions requiring calculation on a retrospective basis, for 
provisions requiring calculation on either a retrospective or 
prospective basis as elected by the State agency.
    Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 97-98, Sec. 1309, inserted ``(other than those 
relating to licensed vehicles)'' after ``June 1, 1977''.
    Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 97-98, Sec. 1308, added subsec. (i).
    1980--Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96-249, Sec. 137, struck out provisions 
requiring that the income poverty guidelines for the period commencing 
July 1, 1978, be made as up to date as possible by multiplying the 
income poverty guidelines for 1977 by the change between the average 
1977 Consumer Price Index and the Consumer Price Index for March 1978, 
utilizing the most current procedures which have been used by the Office 
of Management and Budget, and that the income poverty guidelines for 
future periods be similarly adjusted.
    Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 96-249, Secs. 102, 112, inserted in cl. (2) 
``subject to modification by the Secretary in light of subsection (f)(2) 
of this section,'' after ``quarter,'' and added cl. (11), relating to 
energy assistance payments or allowances.
    Pub. L. 96-223 added cl. (10) and redesignated former cl. (10), 
relating to income specifically excluded from consideration by any other 
law, as cl. (11).
    Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 96-249, Secs. 103, 136, substituted provisions 
requiring that the standard deduction be adjusted every Jan. 1 to the 
nearest $5 to reflect changes in the Consumer Price Index for all urban 
consumers for items other than food for the last 12 months ending the 
preceding Sept. 30 for provisions requiring that the standard deduction 
be adjusted every July 1 and Jan. 1 and provisions requiring that the 
excess shelter expense deduction be adjusted every Jan. 1 to the nearest 
$5 increment to reflect changes in the shelter, fuel, and utilities 
components of housing costs in the Consumer Price Index for all urban 
consumers for provisions requiring that the excess shelter expense 
deduction be adjusted annually as of July 1.
    Pub. L. 96-249, Secs. 104, 105, increased monthly maximum deduction 
per household for dependent care expenses related to employment, or 
employment related training or education from $75 to $90, decreased the 
threshold amount of the excess medical expense for the elderly, blind, 
and disabled from $35 to $25, and extended availability of the excess 
medical expense deduction to blind and disabled persons and their 
spouses in Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands, when they receive 
cash welfare payments through programs equivalent to the Social Security 
Income program. See Repeals note below.
    Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 96-249, Sec. 107, inserted provisions giving 
States the option of determining program eligibility and benefits by 
using income received in a previous month, following standards 
prescribed by the Secretary.
    Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 96-249, Secs. 108, 138, substituted ``$1,500'' 
for ``$1,750'', inserted ``or that is necessary for transportation of a 
physically disabled household member'' after ``used to produce earned 
income'', and struck out ``or to transport disabled household members'' 
after ``or continue employment''.
    1979--Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 96-58 inserted provisions allowing for an 
excess medical expense deduction, a dependent care deduction, and an 
excess shelter expense deduction for elderly persons and persons 
receiving supplemental security income benefits or disability payments 
under the Social Security Act.
    1977--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95-113 substituted reference to a more 
nutritious diet for reference to a nutritionally adequate diet, inserted 
provision that assistance under the program be furnished to all eligible 
households making application for participation, inserted reference to 
other financial resources held singly or in joint ownership, and struck 
out provisions excepting the limitation of the section in the case of 
disaster victims.
    Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95-113 inserted parenthetical reference to 
income standards for Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin 
Islands of the United States established pursuant to subsecs. (c) and 
(e) of this section, inserted provision that no State agency may impose 
standards for participation in the program additional to those meeting 
the eligibility standards established by the Secretary, and struck out 
provisions that had dealt with specific areas of income and financial 
resources for eligible households. See subsecs. (d) to (h).
    Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95-113 substituted provisions covering 
guidelines with regard to income standards for provisions covering 
employment of able-bodied adults in eligible households.
    Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95-113 substituted provisions specifying the 
specific items making up household income for provisions that required 
that the Secretary establish uniform national standards.
    Subsecs. (e) to (h). Pub. L. 95-113 added subsecs. (e) to (h).
    1973--Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93-86, Sec. 3(g), (h), inserted provisos 
relating to payments in kind received from an employer by members of a 
household as bearing upon the promulgation of uniform national 
standards, provision limiting the authority of the Secretary to 
establish temporary emergency standards of eligibility to the duration 
of the emergency, and the provision authorizing such standards for 
households that are victims of a mechanical disaster disrupting the 
distribution of coupons.
    Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93-86, Sec. 3(e), inserted definition of 
``able-bodied adult person''.
    Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 93-86, Sec. 3(d), added subsec. (d).
    1971--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91-671 inserted introductory phrase 
``Except for the temporary participation of households that are victims 
of a disaster as provided in subsection (b) of this section'' and 
provision respecting other financial resources as being a limitation 
factor and substituted ``in permitting them to purchase'' for ``in the 
attainment of''.
    Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91-671 substituted provisions for establishment 
of uniform national standards of eligibility for participation by 
households in the food stamp program and minimum criteria of 
eligibility, ineligibility of any household which includes a member 
claimed as a dependent child for Federal income tax purposes by a 
taxpayer who is not a member of an eligible household, temporary 
emergency standards of eligibility, and special standards of eligibility 
and coupon allotment schedules in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, 
not exceeding standards of eligibility or coupon allotment schedules of 
the States for prior establishment of standards of eligibility by the 
State agency, including maximum income limitations and limitation on 
resources to be allowed eligible households, and approval of such 
standards by the Secretary.
    Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91-671 added subsec. (c).


                    Effective Date of 2000 Amendment

    Pub. L. 106-387, Sec. 1(a) [title VIII, Sec. 846(b)], Oct. 28, 2000, 
114 Stat. 1549, 1549A-66, provided that:
    ``(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendment made by 
this section [amending this section] shall take effect on March 1, 2001.
    ``(2) The amendment made by this section shall not apply with 
respect to certification periods beginning before March 1, 2001.''
    Pub. L. 106-387, Sec. 1(a) [title VIII, Sec. 847(b)], Oct. 28, 2000, 
114 Stat. 1549, 1549A-66, provided that:
    ``(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by 
this section [amending this section] shall take effect on July 1, 2001.
    ``(2) The amendments made by this section shall not apply with 
respect to certification periods beginning before July 1, 2001.''


                    Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

    Amendment by section 101(f) [title VIII, Sec. 405(d)(2)(A)] of Pub. 
L. 105-277 effective Oct. 21, 1998, and amendment by section 101(f) 
[title VIII, Sec. 405(f)(2)(A)] of Pub. L. 105-277 effective July 1, 
2000, see section 101(f) [title VIII, Sec. 405(g)(1), (2)(B)] of Pub. L. 
105-277, set out as a note under section 3502 of Title 5, Government 
Organization and Employees.


                    Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

    Amendment by section 109(a) of Pub. L. 104-193 effective July 1, 
1997, with transition rules relating to State options to accelerate such 
date, rules relating to claims, actions, and proceedings commenced 
before such date, rules relating to closing out of accounts for 
terminated or substantially modified programs and continuance in office 
of Assistant Secretary for Family Support, and provisions relating to 
termination of entitlement under AFDC program, see section 116 of Pub. 
L. 104-193, as amended, set out as an Effective Date note under section 
601 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.


                    Effective Date of 1993 Amendment

    Amendment by section 13923 of Pub. L. 103-66 effective, and to be 
implemented beginning on, Oct. 1, 1993, see section 13971(a) of Pub. L. 
103-66, set out as a note under section 2025 of this title.
    Amendment by section 13912(a), (b)(1) of Pub. L. 103-66 effective, 
and to be implemented beginning on, July 1, 1994, see section 
13971(b)(3) of Pub. L. 103-66, set out as a note under section 2025 of 
this title.
    Amendment by sections 13911, 13913 to 13915, 13922(a), and 13924 of 
Pub. L. 103-66 effective, and to be implemented beginning on, Sept. 1, 
1994, see section 13971(b)(4) of Pub. L. 103-66, set out as a note under 
section 2025 of this title.
    Amendment by section 13921 of Pub. L. 103-66 effective, and to be 
implemented beginning on, Sept. 1, 1994, except that State agencies to 
implement such amendment not later than Oct. 1, 1995, see section 
13971(b)(5) of Pub. L. 103-66, set out as a note under section 2025 of 
this title.
    Amendment by section 13912(b)(2) of Pub. L. 103-66, effective, and 
to be implemented beginning on, Jan. 1, 1997, see section 13971(b)(6) of 
Pub. L. 103-66, set out as a note under section 2025 of this title.


                    Effective Date of 1992 Amendments

    Amendment by Pub. L. 102-367 effective July 1, 1993, see section 
701(a) of Pub. L. 102-367, formerly set out as a note under section 1501 
of Title 29, Labor.
    Section 1(b) of Pub. L. 102-265 provided that:
    ``(1) In general.--The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending 
this section] shall take effect on the earlier of--
        ``(A) December 13, 1991;
        ``(B) October 1, 1990, for food stamp households for which the 
    State agency knew, or had notice, that a member of the household had 
    a plan for achieving self-support as provided under section 
    1612(b)(4)(A)(iii) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 
    1382a(b)(4)(A)(iii)); or
        ``(C) beginning on the date that a fair hearing was requested 
    under the Food Stamp Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.) contesting 
    the denial of an exclusion for food stamp purposes for amounts 
    necessary for the fulfillment of such a plan for achieving self-
    support.
    ``(2) Limitation on application of section.--Notwithstanding section 
11(b) of the Food Stamp Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 2020(b)), no State agency 
shall be required to search its files for cases to which the amendment 
made by subsection (a) applies, except where the excludability of 
amounts described in section 5(d)(16) of the Food Stamp Act of 1977 (7 
U.S.C. 2014(d)(16)) was raised with the State agency prior to December 
13, 1991.''


                    Effective Date of 1991 Amendment

    Amendment by sections 902, 903(1), (2), 904-906, and 941(2) of Pub. 
L. 102-237 effective and to be implemented no later than Feb. 1, 1992, 
and amendment by section 903(3) of Pub. L. 102-237 effective on the 
earlier of Dec. 13, 1991, Oct. 1, 1990, for certain food stamp 
households, or beginning on date of request for hearing where exclusion 
of certain amounts for food stamp purposes was denied, with limitation 
on application of amendment, see section 1101(d)(1), (2) of Pub. L. 102-
237, set out as a note under section 1421 of this title.


                    Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

    Amendment by sections 1714(1), 1715, 1717, 1719, 1720, and 
1726(b)(2) of Pub. L. 101-624 effective and implemented first day of 
month beginning 120 days after publication of implementing regulations 
to be promulgated not later than Oct. 1, 1991, amendment by section 
1714(2) of Pub. L. 101-624 effective and implemented first day of month 
beginning 120 days after promulgation of implementing regulations to be 
promulgated not later than Oct. 1, 1991, in case of State general 
assistance program, and Apr. 1, 1992, in case of local general 
assistance program, amendment by sections 1716 and 1722 of Pub. L. 101-
624 effective and implemented first day of month beginning 120 days 
after promulgation of implementing regulations to be promulgated not 
later than Apr. 1, 1991, amendment by section 1718(a) of Pub. L. 101-624 
effective Nov. 28, 1990, and amendment by section 1721 of Pub. L. 101-
624 effective Oct. 1, 1990, see section 1781 of Pub. L. 101-624, set out 
as a note under section 2012 of this title.


                    Effective Date of 1988 Amendments

    Amendment by sections 201, 202(a), 403, and 404(f) of Pub. L. 100-
435 to be effective and implemented on Oct. 1, 1988, amendment by 
sections 340 to 342 and 351 of Pub. L. 100-435 to be effective and 
implemented on July 1, 1989, amendment by section 343 of Pub. L. 100-435 
to be effective and implemented on Sept. 19, 1988, and amendment by 
section 402 of Pub. L. 100-435 to be effective and implemented on Jan. 
1, 1989, except that amendment by sections 201, 341, 342, 351, 402, 403, 
and 404(f) of Pub. L. 100-435 to become effective and implemented on 
Oct. 1, 1989, if final order is issued under section 902(b) of Title 2, 
The Congress, for fiscal year 1989 making reductions and sequestrations 
specified in the report required under section 901(a)(3)(A) of Title 2, 
see section 701(a), (b)(1), (2), (4), (c)(2) of Pub. L. 100-435, set out 
as a note under section 2012 of this title.
    Section 501(b) of Pub. L. 100-387 provided that:
    ``(1) The amendments made by this section [amending this section] 
shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 11, 1988].
    ``(2) The amendments made by this section shall not apply with 
respect to allotments issued under the Food Stamp Act of 1977 [this 
chapter] to any household for any month beginning before the effective 
period of this section begins.''
    Section 2(b) of Pub. L. 100-232 provided that:
    ``(1) Effective Date.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the 
amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall become 
effective upon the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 5, 1988].
    ``(2) Application of Amendment.--The amendment made by this section 
shall not apply with respect to allotments issued under the Food Stamp 
Act of 1977 [this chapter] to any household for any month beginning 
before the date of enactment of this Act.''


            Effective and Termination Dates of 1987 Amendment

    Section 803(b) of Pub. L. 100-77 provided that: ``The amendment made 
by this section [amending this section] shall become effective on July 
1, 1988.''
    Section 804(b) of Pub. L. 100-77 provided that: ``The amendments 
made by this section [amending this section] shall become effective on 
October 1, 1987.''
    Section 805(b) of Pub. L. 100-77 provided that:
    ``(1) The amendment made by this section [amending this section] 
shall become effective and shall be implemented 45 days after the date 
of enactment of this Act [July 22, 1987].
    ``(2) The amendment made by this section shall not apply with 
respect to allotments issued under the Food Stamp Act of 1977 [this 
chapter] to any household for any month beginning before the effective 
date of the amendment.''
    Section 806(b) of Pub. L. 100-77 provided that:
    ``(1) The amendment made by this section [amending this section] 
shall become effective on October 1, 1987.
    ``(2) The amendment made by this section shall not apply with 
respect to an allotment issued under the Food Stamp Act of 1977 [this 
chapter] to a household for a certification period beginning before 
October 1, 1987.''
    Section 807(b) of Pub. L. 100-77, as amended by Pub. L. 101-220, 
Sec. 10, Dec. 12, 1989, 103 Stat. 1882, provided that:
    ``(1) The amendments made by this section [amending this section] 
shall be effective and shall be implemented for the period beginning 90 
days after the date of enactment of this Act [July 22, 1987] and ending 
September 30, 1990.
    ``(2) The Secretary shall adjust the level of benefits provided to 
households under the Food Stamp Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.) 
during the period between September 30, 1989 and the effective date of 
this paragraph [Dec. 12, 1989] to ensure that the level of such benefits 
is no less than the level determined in accordance with the provisions 
of section 5(k)(2)(F) of the Food Stamp Act of 1977 [7 U.S.C. 
2014(k)(2)(F)].
    ``(3) The amendments made by this section shall not apply with 
respect to allotments issued under the Food Stamp Act of 1977 [this 
chapter] to any household for any month beginning before the effective 
period of this section begins.''


                    Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

    Section 101(a) [title VI, Sec. 638(b)] of Pub. L. 99-500 and Pub. L. 
99-591 provided that:
    ``(1) Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3), the amendment 
made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall become effective 30 
days after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 18, 1986].
    ``(2) Except as provided in paragraph (3), the amendment made by 
subsection (a) shall not apply to an allotment issued to any eligible 
household under the Food Stamp Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.) for 
any month beginning before the effective date of this subsection.
    ``(3) If a State elected before the date of enactment of this Act to 
compute household income in accordance with section 5(e) of the Food 
Stamp Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 2014(e)) (as amended by subsection (a)), the 
amendment made by subsection (a) shall become effective on May 1, 
1986.''


                    Effective Date of 1985 Amendment

    Sections 1511(2), (3) and 1514(1) of Pub. L. 99-198 provided that 
the amendments made by those sections are effective May 1, 1986.


                    Effective Date of 1982 Amendment

    Amendment by Pub. L. 97-253 effective Sept. 8, 1982, see section 
193(a) of Pub. L. 97-253, set out as a note under section 2012 of this 
title.


                    Effective Date of 1981 Amendments

    Amendment by Pub. L. 97-35, except section 107(b) of Pub. L. 97-35 
(which amended this section), effective on earlier of Sept. 8, 1982, or 
date such amendment became effective pursuant to section 117 of Pub. L. 
97-35, set out as a note under section 2012 of this title, see section 
192(a) of Pub. L. 97-253, set out as a note under section 2012 of this 
title.
    Amendment by Pub. L. 97-98 effective on earlier of Sept. 8, 1982, or 
date such amendment became effective pursuant to section 1338 of Pub. L. 
97-98, set out as a note under section 2012 of this title. See section 
192(b) of Pub. L. 97-253, set out as a note under section 2012 of this 
title.
    Amendment by Pub. L. 97-98 effective upon such date as Secretary of 
Agriculture may prescribe, taking into account need for orderly 
implementation, see section 1338 of Pub. L. 97-98, set out as a note 
under section 2012 of this title.
    Section 116(a) of Pub. L. 97-35 provided that the amendment made by 
that section is effective July 1, 1982.
    Amendment by sections 104(a), 105, 106, 107(a), (c), and 115 of Pub. 
L. 97-35 effective and implemented upon such dates as Secretary of 
Agriculture may prescribe, taking into account need for orderly 
implementation, see section 117 of Pub. L. 97-35, set out as a note 
under section 2012 of this title.
    Section 107(b) of Pub. L. 97-35 provided that the amendment made by 
that section is effective Oct. 1, 1983.
    Section 2611 of Pub. L. 97-35 provided that the amendment made by 
that section is effective Oct. 1, 1981.


                    Effective Date of 1980 Amendment

    Sections 104 to 106 of Pub. L. 96-249 provided that the amendments 
made by those sections are effective Oct. 1, 1981.


                    Effective Date of 1979 Amendment

    Amendment by Pub. L. 96-58 to be implemented in all States by Jan. 
1, 1980, but not to affect the rights or liabilities of Secretary, 
States, and applicant or participant households under provisions of this 
chapter as in effect on July 1, 1979, until implemented, see section 
10(a) of Pub. L. 96-58, set out as a note under section 2012 of this 
title.


                    Effective Date of 1977 Amendment

    Section 1301 of Pub. L. 95-113 provided that the amendments made by 
that section are effective Oct. 1, 1977.


    Inapplicability of Subsection (j) Between December 23, 1985, and 
                           September 30, 1989

    Section 1507(a)(2) of Pub. L. 99-198 provided that: ``During the 
period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 
1985] and ending on September 30, 1989, section 5(j) of the Food Stamp 
Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 2014(j)) shall not apply.''


                                 Repeals

    Sections 104 and 105 of Pub. L. 96-249, cited as a credit to this 
section, were repealed by Pub. L. 97-35, title I, Sec. 115, Aug. 13, 
1981, 95 Stat. 364.
    Section 313(c)(2) of Pub. L. 96-223, cited as a credit to this 
section, was repealed by Pub. L. 97-35, title XXVI, Sec. 2611, Aug. 13, 
1981, 95 Stat. 902, effective Oct. 1, 1981.


                     Calculation of Household Income

    Section 1718(b) of Pub. L. 101-624 provided that:
    ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, 
during the period beginning October 1, 1988, and ending on the first day 
of the first month beginning at least 120 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act [Nov. 28, 1990], a State agency may elect to 
implement the amendment to section 5(f)(2) of the Food Stamp Act of 1977 
(7 U.S.C. 2014(f)(2)) made by section 202(a) of the Hunger Prevention 
Act of 1988 (Public Law 100-435; 102 Stat. 1656) (with respect to the 
requirement that income be calculated on a prospective basis in the case 
of households that are not required to report monthly on their income 
and household circumstances).
    ``(2) Payment error rates.--Notwithstanding section 16(c) of the 
Food Stamp Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 2025(c)), during the period referred to 
in paragraph (1), errors resulting solely from implementation by a State 
agency of the amendment referred to in paragraph (1) shall not be 
included in payment error rates determined under section 16(c) of such 
Act.''


   Study and Report to Congressional Committees on Implementation of 
              Amendment to Subsection (a) by Pub. L. 99-198

    Section 1507(c) of Pub. L. 99-198 provided that: ``Not later than 2 
years after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 1985], the 
Secretary shall--
        ``(1) evaluate the implementation of the second sentence of 
    section 5(a) of the Food Stamp Act of 1977 [7 U.S.C. 2014(a)], as 
    amended by subsection (a) of this section; and
        ``(2) submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and 
    Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House 
    of Representatives a report summarizing the results of such 
    evaluation.''


 Study and Report Respecting Restricting Benefits of Food Stamp Program 
                Based on Value of Assets of Participants

    Pub. L. 96-243, May 16, 1980, 94 Stat. 345, directed the Department 
of Agriculture to study the effects of regulations which would limit 
benefits to participants in the food stamp program based upon value of 
the participants' assets, to recommend an appropriate level of asset 
value which would deny or reduce benefits to a participant and analyze 
the impacts of such a restriction, to consider appropriate exemptions to 
this restriction, to analyze the administrative burden which this will 
impose upon the States, and to report to Congress its findings in this 
matter not later than Jan. 15, 1981.


   Study and Report of Impact and Advisability of Counting for Income 
 Eligibility in Food Stamp Program Educational Loans, etc. Received by 
                         Individual or Household

    Pub. L. 96-243, May 16, 1980, 94 Stat. 345, provided for the 
Secretary of Agriculture to study the impact and advisability of 
counting, for the purposes of income in determining eligibility: all 
educational loans on which payment is deferred; grants, fellowships, 
scholarships, and veteran's educational benefits used for the payment of 
tuition and mandatory fees at any educational institution of higher 
learning; and all housing subsidies including, but not limited to 
payments made by an outside party on behalf of an individual or 
household, and further provided for the Department of Agriculture to 
report to Congress its findings in this matter not later than Jan. 15, 
1981.

                  Section Referred to in Other Sections

    This section is referred to in sections 2012, 2015, 2017, 2020, 
2025, 2026, 2027, 2031, 2035; title 42 sections 1396r-5, 8624; title 43 
section 1626.
