
From the U.S. Code Online via GPO Access
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[Laws in effect as of January 2, 2001]
[Document not affected by Public Laws enacted between
  January 2, 2001 and January 28, 2002]
[CITE: 7USC3103]

 
                          TITLE 7--AGRICULTURE
 
       CHAPTER 64--AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND TEACHING
 
            SUBCHAPTER I--FINDINGS, PURPOSES, AND DEFINITIONS
 
Sec. 3103. Definitions

    When used in this chapter:
        (1) The term ``Advisory Board'' means the National Agricultural 
    Research, Extension, Education, and Economics Advisory Board.
        (2) The term ``agricultural research'' means research in the 
    food and agricultural sciences.
        (3) The term ``aquaculture'' means the propagation and rearing 
    of aquacultural species, including, but not limited to, any species 
    of finfish, mollusk, or crustacean (or other aquatic invertebrate), 
    amphibian, reptile, ornamental fish, or aquatic plant, in controlled 
    or selected environments.
        (4) The terms ``college'' and ``university'' mean an educational 
    institution in any State which (A) admits as regular students only 
    persons having a certificate of graduation from a school providing 
    secondary education, or the recognized equivalent of such a 
    certificate, (B) is legally authorized within such State to provide 
    a program of education beyond secondary education, (C) provides an 
    educational program for which a bachelor's degree or any other 
    higher degree is awarded, (D) is a public or other nonprofit 
    institution, and (E) is accredited by a nationally recognized 
    accrediting agency or association.
        (5) The term ``cooperative extension services'' means the 
    organizations established at the land-grant colleges and 
    universities under the Smith-Lever Act of May 8, 1914 (38 Stat. 372-
    374, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 341-349), and section 209(b) of the Act of 
    October 26, 1974 (88 Stat. 1428, as amended; D.C. Code, sec. 31-
    1719(b)).
        (6) The term ``Department of Agriculture'' means the United 
    States Department of Agriculture.
        (7) The term ``extension'' means the informal education programs 
    conducted in the States in cooperation with the Department of 
    Agriculture.
        (8) Food and agricultural sciences.--The term ``food and 
    agricultural sciences'' means basic, applied, and developmental 
    research, extension, and teaching activities in food and fiber, 
    agricultural, renewable natural resources, forestry, and physical 
    and social sciences, including activities relating to the following:
            (A) Animal health, production, and well-being.
            (B) Plant health and production.
            (C) Animal and plant germ plasm collection and preservation.
            (D) Aquaculture.
            (E) Food safety.
            (F) Soil and water conservation and improvement.
            (G) Forestry, horticulture, and range management.
            (H) Nutritional sciences and promotion.
            (I) Farm enhancement, including financial management, input 
        efficiency, and profitability.
            (J) Home economics.
            (K) Rural human ecology.
            (L) Youth development and agricultural education, including 
        4-H clubs.
            (M) Expansion of domestic and international markets for 
        agricultural commodities and products, including agricultural 
        trade barrier identification and analysis.
            (N) Information management and technology transfer related 
        to agriculture.
            (O) Biotechnology related to agriculture.
            (P) The processing, distributing, marketing, and utilization 
        of food and agricultural products.

        (9) The term ``Hispanic-serving institution'' has the meaning 
    given the term by section 1059c(b)(1) \1\ of title 20.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ See References in Text note below.
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        (10) The term ``land-grant colleges and universities'' means 
    those institutions eligible to receive funds under the Act of July 
    2, 1862 (12 Stat. 503-505, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 301-305, 307 and 
    308), or the Act of August 30, 1890 (26 Stat. 417-419, as amended; 7 
    U.S.C. 321-326 and 328), including Tuskegee University.
        (11) The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of Agriculture 
    of the United States.
        (12) The term ``State'' means any one of the fifty States, the 
    Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth 
    of the Northern Marianas, the Trust Territory of the Pacific 
    Islands, the Virgin Islands of the United States, and the District 
    of Columbia.
        (13) The term ``State agricultural experiment stations'' means 
    those institutions eligible to receive funds under the Act of March 
    2, 1887 (24 Stat. 440-442, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 361a-361i).
        (14) Teaching and education.--The terms ``teaching'' and 
    ``education'' mean formal classroom instruction, laboratory 
    instruction, and practicum experience in the food and agricultural 
    sciences and matters relating thereto (such as faculty development, 
    student recruitment and services, curriculum development, 
    instructional materials and equipment, and innovative teaching 
    methodologies) conducted by colleges and universities offering 
    baccalaureate or higher degrees.
        (15) The term ``cooperating forestry schools'' means those 
    institutions eligible to receive funds under the Act of October 10, 
    1962 (16 U.S.C. 582a et seq.), commonly known as the McIntire-
    Stennis Act of 1962.
        (16) The term ``State cooperative institutions'' or ``State 
    cooperative agents'' means institutions or agents designated by--
            (A) the Act of July 2, 1862 (7 U.S.C. 301 et seq.), commonly 
        known as the First Morrill Act;
            (B) the Act of August 30, 1890 (7 U.S.C. 321 et seq.), 
        commonly known as the Second Morrill Act, including Tuskegee 
        University;
            (C) the Act of March 2, 1887 (7 U.S.C. 361a et seq.), 
        commonly known as the Hatch Act of 1887;
            (D) the Act of May 8, 1914 (7 U.S.C. 341 et seq.), commonly 
        known as the Smith-Lever Act;
            (E) the Act of October 10, 1962 (16 U.S.C. 582a et seq.), 
        commonly known as the McIntire-Stennis Act of 1962; and
            (F) subchapters V, VI, XI, and XII of this chapter.

        (17) The term ``sustainable agriculture'' means an integrated 
    system of plant and animal production practices having a site-
    specific application that will, over the long-term--
            (A) satisfy human food and fiber needs;
            (B) enhance environmental quality and the natural resource 
        base upon which the agriculture economy depends;
            (C) make the most efficient use of nonrenewable resources 
        and on-farm resources and integrate, where appropriate, natural 
        biological cycles and controls;
            (D) sustain the economic viability of farm operations; and
            (E) enhance the quality of life for farmers and society as a 
        whole.

(Pub. L. 95-113, title XIV, Sec. 1404, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 983; 
Pub. L. 97-98, title XIV, Sec. 1404, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1297; Pub. 
L. 99-198, title XIV, Sec. 1403, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1544; Pub. L. 
101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1603, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3705; Pub. L. 
102-237, title IV, Sec. 402(3), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1863; Pub. L. 
104-127, title VIII, Secs. 802(b)(1), 815(b), 820(a), 853(b)(1), Apr. 4, 
1996, 110 Stat. 1159, 1167, 1168, 1172; Pub. L. 105-185, title II, 
Secs. 221, 226(c)(1), June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 537, 543.)

                       References in Text

    For definition of ``this chapter'', referred to in text, see note 
set out under section 3102 of this title.
    The Smith-Lever Act of May 8, 1914, referred to in pars. (5) and 
(16)(D), is act May 8, 1914, ch. 79, 38 Stat. 372, as amended, which is 
classified generally to subchapter IV (Sec. 341 et seq.) of chapter 13 
of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see 
Short Title note set out under section 341 of this title and Tables.
    Section 1059c of title 20, referred to in par. (9), was amended 
generally by Pub. L. 105-244, title III, Sec. 303(e), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 
Stat. 1639, and, as so amended, no longer relates to Hispanic-serving 
institutions.
    Act of July 2, 1862, 12 Stat. 503, referred to in pars. (10) and 
(16)(A), is popularly known as the ``Morrill Act'' and also as the 
``First Morrill Act'', which is classified generally to subchapter I 
(Sec. 301 et seq.) of chapter 13 of this title. For complete 
classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out 
under 301 of this title and Tables.
    Act of August 30, 1890, 26 Stat. 417, referred to in pars. (10) and 
(16)(B), is popularly known as the ``Agricultural College Act of 1890'' 
and also as the ``Second Morrill Act'', which is classified generally to 
subchapter II (Sec. 321 et seq.) of chapter 13 of this title. For 
complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note 
set out under section 321 of this title and Tables.
    Act of March 2, 1887, referred to in pars. (13) and (16)(C), is act 
Mar. 2, 1887, ch. 314, 24 Stat. 440, as amended, popularly known as the 
Hatch Act of 1887, which is classified generally to sections 361a to 
361i of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, 
see Short Title note set out under section 361a of this title and 
Tables.
    Act of October 10, 1962, referred to in pars. (15) and 16(E), is 
Pub. L. 87-788, Oct. 10, 1962, 76 Stat. 806, as amended, known as the 
McIntire-Stennis Act of 1962, which is classified generally to 
subchapter III (Sec. 582a et seq.) of chapter 3 of Title 16, 
Conservation. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see 
Tables.


                               Amendments

    1998--Pub. L. 105-185, Sec. 221(c)(1), substituted ``chapter:'' for 
``chapter--'' in introductory provisions.
    Pars. (1) to (3). Pub. L. 105-185, Sec. 221(c)(2), (5), substituted 
``The term'' for ``the term'' and period for semicolon at end.
    Par. (4). Pub. L. 105-185, Sec. 221(c)(3), (5), substituted ``The 
terms'' for ``the terms'' and period for semicolon at end.
    Pars. (5) to (7). Pub. L. 105-185, Sec. 221(c)(2), (5), substituted 
``The term'' for ``the term'' and period for semicolon at end.
    Par. (8). Pub. L. 105-185, Sec. 221(a), added par. (8) and struck 
out former par. (8) which defined term ``food and agricultural 
sciences'' in broadest sense of terms, including but not limited to 
activities relating to agriculture, food processing, forestry, 
acquaculture, home economics, rural community welfare, youth 
development, market expansion, improvement of productivity, and 
international food and agricultural issues.
    Par. (9). Pub. L. 105-185, Sec. 221(c)(4), (5), substituted ``The 
term'' for ``the term'' after ``(9)'' and substituted period for 
semicolon at end.
    Par. (10). Pub. L. 105-185, Secs. 221(c)(2), (5), 226(c)(1), 
substituted ``The term'' for ``the term'', ``Tuskegee University'' for 
``the Tuskegee Institute'', and period for semicolon at end.
    Pars. (11) to (13). Pub. L. 105-185, Sec. 221(c)(2), (5), 
substituted ``The term'' for ``the term'' and period for semicolon at 
end.
    Par. (14). Pub. L. 105-185, Sec. 221(b), (c)(5), inserted par. 
heading, substituted ``The terms `teaching' and `education' mean'' for 
``the term `teaching' means'', and substituted period for semicolon at 
end.
    Par. (15). Pub. L. 105-185, Sec. 221(c)(2), (5), substituted ``The 
term'' for ``the term'' and period for semicolon at end.
    Par. (16). Pub. L. 105-185, Sec. 221(c)(2), substituted ``The term'' 
for ``the term'' in introductory provisions.
    Par. (16)(B). Pub. L. 105-185, Sec. 226(c)(1), substituted 
``Tuskegee University'' for ``the Tuskegee Institute''.
    Par. (16)(F). Pub. L. 105-185, Sec. 221(c)(6), substituted period 
for ``; and'' at end.
    Par. (17). Pub. L. 105-185, Sec. 221(c)(2), substituted ``The term'' 
for ``the term''.
    1996--Par. (1). Pub. L. 104-127, Sec. 802(b)(1), substituted 
``National Agricultural Research, Extension, Education, and Economics 
Advisory Board'' for ``National Agricultural Research and Extension 
Users Advisory Board''.
    Par. (3). Pub. L. 104-127, Sec. 820(a), inserted ``ornamental 
fish,'' after ``reptile,''.
    Par. (9). Pub. L. 104-127, Sec. 815(b), amended par. (9) generally. 
Prior to amendment, par. (9) read as follows: ``the term `Joint Council' 
means the Joint Council on Food and Agricultural Sciences;''.
    Pars. (16) to (18). Pub. L. 104-127, Sec. 853(b)(1), inserted 
``and'' at end of par. (16), substituted a period for ``; and'' at end 
of par. (17), and struck out par. (18) which read as follows: ``the term 
`Technology Board' means the Agricultural Science and Technology Review 
Board established in section 3123a of this title.''
    1991--Par. (18). Pub. L. 102-237 inserted ``and'' after ``Science''.
    1990--Par. (16)(F). Pub. L. 101-624, Sec. 1603(2), inserted 
reference to subchapter VI of this chapter.
    Pars. (17), (18). Pub. L. 101-624, Sec. 1603(1), (3), added pars. 
(17) and (18).
    1985--Par. (8)(J). Pub. L. 99-198 added subpar. (J).
    1981--Par. (8). Pub. L. 97-98, Sec. 1404(1), substituted in 
provision preceding subpar. (A) ``basic, applied, and developmental 
research, extension, and teaching activities in the food, agricultural, 
renewable natural resources, forestry, and physical and social sciences, 
in the broadest sense of these terms, including but not limited to, 
activities relating to'' for ``sciences relating to food and agriculture 
in the broadest sense, including the social, economic, and political 
considerations of'', in subpar. (E) ``including consumer affairs, food 
and nutrition, clothing and textiles, housing, and family well-being and 
financial management;'' for ``human nutrition, and family life; and'', 
and in subpar. (F) ``community welfare and development'' for ``and 
community development'', and added subpars. (G) to (I).
    Par. (12). Pub. L. 97-98, Sec. 1404(2), struck out ``except as 
provided in subchapter VII of this chapter,'' before ``the term'' and 
included within term ``State'' American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the 
Northern Marianas, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.
    Par. (14). Pub. L. 97-98, Sec. 1404(4), struck out reference to 
laboratory training, inserted reference to practicum experience and 
matters relating to formal classroom instruction, laboratory 
instruction, and practicum experience, and substituted provision that 
the teaching be conducted at colleges or universities offering 
baccalaureate or higher degrees for provision that the teaching be 
conducted at colleges and universities leading to a baccalaureate and 
other recognized degrees.
    Pars. (15), (16). Pub. L. 97-98, Sec. 1404(5), added pars. (15) and 
(16).


                    Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

    Amendment by Pub. L. 97-98 effective Dec. 22, 1981, see section 1801 
of Pub. L. 97-98, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4301 
of this title.


                             Effective Date

    Section effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95-113, 
set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 1307 
of this title.

          Termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands

    For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note 
set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular 
Possessions.

                  Section Referred to in Other Sections

    This section is referred to in sections 390, 450i, 2027, 3319, 5801, 
7626 of this title.
