
From the U.S. Code Online via GPO Access
[wais.access.gpo.gov]
[Laws in effect as of January 2, 2001]
[Document affected by Public Law 107-56 Section 411(b)(1)]
[CITE: 8USC1227]

 
                     TITLE 8--ALIENS AND NATIONALITY
 
                 CHAPTER 12--IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY
 
                       SUBCHAPTER II--IMMIGRATION
 
 Part IV--Inspection, Apprehension, Examination, Exclusion, and Removal
 
Sec. 1227. Deportable aliens


(a) Classes of deportable aliens

    Any alien (including an alien crewman) in and admitted to the United 
States shall, upon the order of the Attorney General, be removed if the 
alien is within one or more of the following classes of deportable 
aliens:

    (1) Inadmissible at time of entry or of adjustment of status 
                             or violates status

        (A) Inadmissible aliens

            Any alien who at the time of entry or adjustment of status 
        was within one or more of the classes of aliens inadmissible by 
        the law existing at such time is deportable.

        (B) Present in violation of law

            Any alien who is present in the United States in violation 
        of this chapter or any other law of the United States is 
        deportable.

        (C) Violated nonimmigrant status or condition of entry

            (i) Nonimmigrant status violators

                Any alien who was admitted as a nonimmigrant and who has 
            failed to maintain the nonimmigrant status in which the 
            alien was admitted or to which it was changed under section 
            1258 of this title, or to comply with the conditions of any 
            such status, is deportable.
            (ii) Violators of conditions of entry

                Any alien whom the Secretary of Health and Human 
            Services certifies has failed to comply with terms, 
            conditions, and controls that were imposed under section 
            1182(g) of this title is deportable.

        (D) Termination of conditional permanent residence

            (i) In general

                Any alien with permanent resident status on a 
            conditional basis under section 1186a of this title 
            (relating to conditional permanent resident status for 
            certain alien spouses and sons and daughters) or under 
            section 1186b of this title (relating to conditional 
            permanent resident status for certain alien entrepreneurs, 
            spouses, and children) who has had such status terminated 
            under such respective section is deportable.
            (ii) Exception

                Clause (i) shall not apply in the cases described in 
            section 1186a(c)(4) of this title (relating to certain 
            hardship waivers).

        (E) Smuggling

            (i) In general

                Any alien who (prior to the date of entry, at the time 
            of any entry, or within 5 years of the date of any entry) 
            knowingly has encouraged, induced, assisted, abetted, or 
            aided any other alien to enter or to try to enter the United 
            States in violation of law is deportable.
            (ii) Special rule in the case of family 
                    reunification

                Clause (i) shall not apply in the case of alien who is 
            an eligible immigrant (as defined in section 301(b)(1) of 
            the Immigration Act of 1990), was physically present in the 
            United States on May 5, 1988, and is seeking admission as an 
            immediate relative or under section 1153(a)(2) of this title 
            (including under section 112 of the Immigration Act of 1990) 
            or benefits under section 301(a) of the Immigration Act of 
            1990 if the alien, before May 5, 1988, has encouraged, 
            induced, assisted, abetted, or aided only the alien's 
            spouse, parent, son, or daughter (and no other individual) 
            to enter the United States in violation of law.
            (iii) Waiver authorized

                The Attorney General may, in his discretion for 
            humanitarian purposes, to assure family unity, or when it is 
            otherwise in the public interest, waive application of 
            clause (i) in the case of any alien lawfully admitted for 
            permanent residence if the alien has encouraged, induced, 
            assisted, abetted, or aided only an individual who at the 
            time of the offense was the alien's spouse, parent, son, or 
            daughter (and no other individual) to enter the United 
            States in violation of law.

        (F) Repealed. Pub. L. 104-208, div. C, title VI, 
                Sec. 671(d)(1)(C), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009-723

        (G) Marriage fraud

            An alien shall be considered to be deportable as having 
        procured a visa or other documentation by fraud (within the 
        meaning of section 1182(a)(6)(C)(i) of this title) and to be in 
        the United States in violation of this chapter (within the 
        meaning of subparagraph (B)) if--
                (i) the alien obtains any admission into the United 
            States with an immigrant visa or other documentation 
            procured on the basis of a marriage entered into less than 2 
            years prior to such admission of the alien and which, within 
            2 years subsequent to any admission of the alien in the 
            United States, shall be judicially annulled or terminated, 
            unless the alien establishes to the satisfaction of the 
            Attorney General that such marriage was not contracted for 
            the purpose of evading any provisions of the immigration 
            laws, or
                (ii) it appears to the satisfaction of the Attorney 
            General that the alien has failed or refused to fulfill the 
            alien's marital agreement which in the opinion of the 
            Attorney General was made for the purpose of procuring the 
            alien's admission as an immigrant.

        (H) Waiver authorized for certain misrepresentations

            The provisions of this paragraph relating to the removal of 
        aliens within the United States on the ground that they were 
        inadmissible at the time of admission as aliens described in 
        section 1182(a)(6)(C)(i) of this title, whether willful or 
        innocent, may, in the discretion of the Attorney General, be 
        waived for any alien (other than an alien described in paragraph 
        (4)(D)) who--
                (i)(I) is the spouse, parent, son, or daughter of a 
            citizen of the United States or of an alien lawfully 
            admitted to the United States for permanent residence; and
                (II) was in possession of an immigrant visa or 
            equivalent document and was otherwise admissible to the 
            United States at the time of such admission except for those 
            grounds of inadmissibility specified under paragraphs (5)(A) 
            and (7)(A) of section 1182(a) of this title which were a 
            direct result of that fraud or misrepresentation.
                (ii) is an alien who qualifies for classification under 
            clause (iii) or (iv) of section 1154(a)(1)(A) of this title 
            or clause (ii) or (iii) of section 1154(a)(1)(B) of this 
            title.

        A waiver of removal for fraud or misrepresentation granted under 
        this subparagraph shall also operate to waive removal based on 
        the grounds of inadmissibility directly resulting from such 
        fraud or misrepresentation.

                        (2) Criminal offenses

        (A) General crimes

            (i) Crimes of moral turpitude

                Any alien who--
                    (I) is convicted of a crime involving moral 
                turpitude committed within five years (or 10 years in 
                the case of an alien provided lawful permanent resident 
                status under section 1255(j) of this title) after the 
                date of admission, and
                    (II) is convicted of a crime for which a sentence of 
                one year or longer may be imposed,

          is deportable.
            (ii) Multiple criminal convictions

                Any alien who at any time after admission is convicted 
            of two or more crimes involving moral turpitude, not arising 
            out of a single scheme of criminal misconduct, regardless of 
            whether confined therefor and regardless of whether the 
            convictions were in a single trial, is deportable.
            (iii) Aggravated felony

                Any alien who is convicted of an aggravated felony at 
            any time after admission is deportable.
            (iv) High speed flight

                Any alien who is convicted of a violation of section 758 
            of title 18 (relating to high speed flight from an 
            immigration checkpoint) is deportable.
            (v) Waiver authorized

                Clauses (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv) shall not apply in 
            the case of an alien with respect to a criminal conviction 
            if the alien subsequent to the criminal conviction has been 
            granted a full and unconditional pardon by the President of 
            the United States or by the Governor of any of the several 
            States.

        (B) Controlled substances

            (i) Conviction

                Any alien who at any time after admission has been 
            convicted of a violation of (or a conspiracy or attempt to 
            violate) any law or regulation of a State, the United 
            States, or a foreign country relating to a controlled 
            substance (as defined in section 802 of title 21), other 
            than a single offense involving possession for one's own use 
            of 30 grams or less of marijuana, is deportable.
            (ii) Drug abusers and addicts

                Any alien who is, or at any time after admission has 
            been, a drug abuser or addict is deportable.

        (C) Certain firearm offenses

            Any alien who at any time after admission is convicted under 
        any law of purchasing, selling, offering for sale, exchanging, 
        using, owning, possessing, or carrying, or of attempting or 
        conspiring to purchase, sell, offer for sale, exchange, use, 
        own, possess, or carry, any weapon, part, or accessory which is 
        a firearm or destructive device (as defined in section 921(a) of 
        title 18) in violation of any law is deportable.

        (D) Miscellaneous crimes

            Any alien who at any time has been convicted (the judgment 
        on such conviction becoming final) of, or has been so convicted 
        of a conspiracy or attempt to violate--
                (i) any offense under chapter 37 (relating to 
            espionage), chapter 105 (relating to sabotage), or chapter 
            115 (relating to treason and sedition) of title 18 for which 
            a term of imprisonment of five or more years may be imposed;
                (ii) any offense under section 871 or 960 of title 18;
                (iii) a violation of any provision of the Military 
            Selective Service Act (50 U.S.C. App. 451 et seq.) or the 
            Trading With the Enemy Act (50 U.S.C. App. 1 et seq.); or
                (iv) a violation of section 1185 or 1328 of this title,

        is deportable.

        (E) Crimes of domestic violence, stalking, or violation of 
                protection order, crimes against children and

            (i) Domestic violence, stalking, and child abuse

                Any alien who at any time after admission is convicted 
            of a crime of domestic violence, a crime of stalking, or a 
            crime of child abuse, child neglect, or child abandonment is 
            deportable. For purposes of this clause, the term ``crime of 
            domestic violence'' means any crime of violence (as defined 
            in section 16 of title 18) against a person committed by a 
            current or former spouse of the person, by an individual 
            with whom the person shares a child in common, by an 
            individual who is cohabiting with or has cohabited with the 
            person as a spouse, by an individual similarly situated to a 
            spouse of the person under the domestic or family violence 
            laws of the jurisdiction where the offense occurs, or by any 
            other individual against a person who is protected from that 
            individual's acts under the domestic or family violence laws 
            of the United States or any State, Indian tribal government, 
            or unit of local government.
            (ii) Violators of protection orders

                Any alien who at any time after admission is enjoined 
            under a protection order issued by a court and whom the 
            court determines has engaged in conduct that violates the 
            portion of a protection order that involves protection 
            against credible threats of violence, repeated harassment, 
            or bodily injury to the person or persons for whom the 
            protection order was issued is deportable. For purposes of 
            this clause, the term ``protection order'' means any 
            injunction issued for the purpose of preventing violent or 
            threatening acts of domestic violence, including temporary 
            or final orders issued by civil or criminal courts (other 
            than support or child custody orders or provisions) whether 
            obtained by filing an independent action or as a pendente 
            lite order in another proceeding.

       (3) Failure to register and falsification of documents

        (A) Change of address

            An alien who has failed to comply with the provisions of 
        section 1305 of this title is deportable, unless the alien 
        establishes to the satisfaction of the Attorney General that 
        such failure was reasonably excusable or was not willful.

        (B) Failure to register or falsification of documents

            Any alien who at any time has been convicted--
                (i) under section 1306(c) of this title or under section 
            36(c) of the Alien Registration Act, 1940,
                (ii) of a violation of, or an attempt or a conspiracy to 
            violate, any provision of the Foreign Agents Registration 
            Act of 1938 (22 U.S.C. 611 et seq.), or
                (iii) of a violation of, or an attempt or a conspiracy 
            to violate, section 1546 of title 18 (relating to fraud and 
            misuse of visas, permits, and other entry documents),

        is deportable.

        (C) Document fraud

            (i) In general

                An alien who is the subject of a final order for 
            violation of section 1324c of this title is deportable.
            (ii) Waiver authorized

                The Attorney General may waive clause (i) in the case of 
            an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence if no 
            previous civil money penalty was imposed against the alien 
            under section 1324c of this title and the offense was 
            incurred solely to assist, aid, or support the alien's 
            spouse or child (and no other individual). No court shall 
            have jurisdiction to review a decision of the Attorney 
            General to grant or deny a waiver under this clause.

        (D) Falsely claiming citizenship

            (i) In general

                Any alien who falsely represents, or has falsely 
            represented, himself to be a citizen of the United States 
            for any purpose or benefit under this chapter (including 
            section 1324a of this title) or any Federal or State law is 
            deportable.
            (ii) Exception

                In the case of an alien making a representation 
            described in clause (i), if each natural parent of the alien 
            (or, in the case of an adopted alien, each adoptive parent 
            of the alien) is or was a citizen (whether by birth or 
            naturalization), the alien permanently resided in the United 
            States prior to attaining the age of 16, and the alien 
            reasonably believed at the time of making such 
            representation that he or she was a citizen, the alien shall 
            not be considered to be deportable under any provision of 
            this subsection based on such representation.

                  (4) Security and related grounds

        (A) In general

            Any alien who has engaged, is engaged, or at any time after 
        admission engages in--
                (i) any activity to violate any law of the United States 
            relating to espionage or sabotage or to violate or evade any 
            law prohibiting the export from the United States of goods, 
            technology, or sensitive information,
                (ii) any other criminal activity which endangers public 
            safety or national security, or
                (iii) any activity a purpose of which is the opposition 
            to, or the control or overthrow of, the Government of the 
            United States by force, violence, or other unlawful means,

        is deportable.

        (B) Terrorist activities

            Any alien who has engaged, is engaged, or at any time after 
        admission engages in any terrorist activity (as defined in 
        section 1182(a)(3)(B)(iii) of this title) is deportable.

        (C) Foreign policy

            (i) In general

                An alien whose presence or activities in the United 
            States the Secretary of State has reasonable ground to 
            believe would have potentially serious adverse foreign 
            policy consequences for the United States is deportable.
            (ii) Exceptions

                The exceptions described in clauses (ii) and (iii) of 
            section 1182(a)(3)(C) of this title shall apply to 
            deportability under clause (i) in the same manner as they 
            apply to inadmissibility under section 1182(a)(3)(C)(i) of 
            this title.

        (D) Assisted in Nazi persecution or engaged in genocide

            Any alien described in clause (i) or (ii) of section 
        1182(a)(3)(E) of this title is deportable.

                          (5) Public charge

        Any alien who, within five years after the date of entry, has 
    become a public charge from causes not affirmatively shown to have 
    arisen since entry is deportable.

                         (6) Unlawful voters

        (A) In general

            Any alien who has voted in violation of any Federal, State, 
        or local constitutional provision, statute, ordinance, or 
        regulation is deportable.

        (B) Exception

            In the case of an alien who voted in a Federal, State, or 
        local election (including an initiative, recall, or referendum) 
        in violation of a lawful restriction of voting to citizens, if 
        each natural parent of the alien (or, in the case of an adopted 
        alien, each adoptive parent of the alien) is or was a citizen 
        (whether by birth or naturalization), the alien permanently 
        resided in the United States prior to attaining the age of 16, 
        and the alien reasonably believed at the time of such violation 
        that he or she was a citizen, the alien shall not be considered 
        to be deportable under any provision of this subsection based on 
        such violation.

             (7) Waiver for victims of domestic violence

        (A) In general

            The Attorney General is not limited by the criminal court 
        record and may waive the application of paragraph (2)(E)(i) 
        (with respect to crimes of domestic violence and crimes of 
        stalking) and (ii) in the case of an alien who has been battered 
        or subjected to extreme cruelty and who is not and was not the 
        primary perpetrator of violence in the relationship--
                (i) upon a determination that--
                    (I) the alien was acting is \1\ self-defense;
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ So in original. Probably should be ``in''.
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                    (II) the alien was found to have violated a 
                protection order intended to protect the alien; or
                    (III) the alien committed, was arrested for, was 
                convicted of, or pled guilty to committing a crime--
                        (aa) that did not result in serious bodily 
                    injury; and
                        (bb) where there was a connection between the 
                    crime and the alien's having been battered or 
                    subjected to extreme cruelty.

        (B) Credible evidence considered

            In acting on applications under this paragraph, the Attorney 
        General shall consider any credible evidence relevant to the 
        application. The determination of what evidence is credible and 
        the weight to be given that evidence shall be within the sole 
        discretion of the Attorney General.

(b) Deportation of certain nonimmigrants

    An alien, admitted as a nonimmigrant under the provision of either 
section 1101(a)(15)(A)(i) or 1101(a)(15)(G)(i) of this title, and who 
fails to maintain a status under either of those provisions, shall not 
be required to depart from the United States without the approval of the 
Secretary of State, unless such alien is subject to deportation under 
paragraph (4) of subsection (a) of this section.

(c) Waiver of grounds for deportation

    Paragraphs (1)(A), (1)(B), (1)(C), (1)(D), and (3)(A) of subsection 
(a) of this section (other than so much of paragraph (1) as relates to a 
ground of inadmissibility described in paragraph (2) or (3) of section 
1182(a) of this title) shall not apply to a special immigrant described 
in section 1101(a)(27)(J) of this title based upon circumstances that 
existed before the date the alien was provided such special immigrant 
status.

(June 27, 1952, ch. 477, title II, ch. 4, Sec. 237, formerly ch. 5, 
Sec. 241, 66 Stat. 204; July 18, 1956, ch. 629, title III, Sec. 301(b), 
(c), 70 Stat. 575; Pub. L. 86-648, Sec. 9, July 14, 1960, 74 Stat. 505; 
Pub. L. 87-301, Sec. 16, Sept. 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 655; Pub. L. 89-236, 
Sec. 11(e), Oct. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 918; Pub. L. 94-571, Sec. 7(e), Oct. 
20, 1976, 90 Stat. 2706; Pub. L. 95-549, title I, Sec. 103, Oct. 30, 
1978, 92 Stat. 2065; Pub. L. 97-116, Sec. 8, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 
1616; Pub. L. 99-570, title I, Sec. 1751(b), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 
3207-47; Pub. L. 99-603, title III, Sec. 303(b), Nov. 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 
3431; Pub. L. 99-639, Sec. 2(b), Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3541; Pub. L. 
99-653, Sec. 7(c), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3657; Pub. L. 100-525, 
Secs. 2(n)(2), 9(m), Oct. 24, 1988, 102 Stat. 2613, 2620; Pub. L. 100-
690, title VII, Secs. 7344(a), 7348(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4470, 
4473; Pub. L. 101-649, title I, Sec. 153(b), title V, Secs. 505(a), 
508(a), 544(b), title VI, Sec. 602(a), (b), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 
5006, 5050, 5051, 5061, 5077, 5081; Pub. L. 102-232, title III, 
Secs. 302(d)(3), 307(h), (k), Dec. 12, 1991, 105 Stat. 1745, 1755, 1756; 
Pub. L. 103-322, title XIII, Sec. 130003(d), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 
2026; Pub. L. 103-416, title II, Secs. 203(b), 219(g), Oct. 25, 1994, 
108 Stat. 4311, 4317; Pub. L. 104-132, title IV, Secs. 414(a), 435(a), 
Apr. 24, 1996, 110 Stat. 1270, 1274; renumbered ch. 4, Sec. 237, and 
amended Pub. L. 104-208, div. C, title I, Sec. 108(c), title III, 
Secs. 301(d), 305(a)(2), 308(d)(2), (3)(A), (e)(1)(E), (2)(C), 
(f)(1)(L)-(N), (5), 344(b), 345(b), 347(b), 350(a), 351(b), title VI, 
Sec. 671(a)(4)(B), (d)(1)(C), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009-558, 3009-
579, 3009-598, 3009-617, 3009-619 to 3009-622, 3009-637 to 3009-640, 
3009-721, 3009-723; Pub. L. 106-386, div. B, title V, Sec. 1505(b)(1), 
(c)(2), Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1525, 1526; Pub. L. 106-395, title II, 
Sec. 201(c)(1), (2), Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1634, 1635.)

                       References in Text

    Section 301 of the Immigration Act of 1990, referred to in subsec. 
(a)(1)(E)(ii), is section 301 of Pub. L. 101-649, which is set out as a 
note under section 1255a of this title.
    Section 112 of the Immigration Act of 1990, referred to in subsec. 
(a)(1)(E)(ii), is section 112 of Pub. L. 101-649, which is set out as a 
note under section 1153 of this title.
    The Military Selective Service Act, referred to in subsec. 
(a)(2)(D)(iii), is act June 24, 1948, ch. 625, 62 Stat. 604, as amended, 
which is classified principally to section 451 et seq. of Title 50, 
Appendix, War and National Defense. For complete classification of this 
Act to the Code, see References in Text note set out under section 451 
of Title 50, Appendix, and Tables.
    The Trading With the Enemy Act, referred to in subsec. 
(a)(2)(D)(iii), is act Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 106, 40 Stat. 411, as amended, 
which is classified to sections 1 to 6, 7 to 39 and 41 to 44 of Title 
50, Appendix. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see 
Tables.
    The Alien Registration Act, 1940, referred to in subsec. 
(a)(3)(B)(i), is act June 28, 1940, ch. 439, 54 Stat. 670, as amended. 
Section 36(a) of that act was classified to section 457(c) of this title 
and was repealed by section 403(a)(39) of act June 27, 1952.
    The Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, referred to in subsec. 
(a)(3)(B)(ii), is act June 8, 1938, ch. 327, 52 Stat. 631, as amended, 
which is classified generally to subchapter II (Sec. 611 et seq.) of 
chapter 11 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. For complete 
classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out 
under section 611 of Title 22 and Tables.

                          Codification

    Section was formerly classified to section 1251 of this title prior 
to renumbering by Pub. L. 104-208.


                            Prior Provisions

    A prior section 1227, acts June 27, 1952, ch. 477, title II, ch. 4, 
Sec. 237, 66 Stat. 201; Dec. 29, 1981, Pub. L. 97-116, Sec. 7, 95 Stat. 
1615; Oct. 18, 1986, Pub. L. 99-500, Sec. 101(b) [title II, 
Sec. 206(b)(2)], as added Oct. 24, 1988, Pub. L. 100-525, Sec. 4(b)(4), 
102 Stat. 2615; Oct. 24, 1988, Pub. L. 100-525, Sec. 9(l), 102 Stat. 
2620; Nov. 29, 1990, Pub. L. 101-649, title V, Sec. 543(a)(2), 104 Stat. 
5057; Dec. 12, 1991, Pub. L. 102-232, title III, Sec. 306(c)(4)(B), 105 
Stat. 1752; Apr. 24, 1996, Pub. L. 104-132, title IV, Sec. 422(b), 110 
Stat. 1272; Sept. 30, 1996, Pub. L. 104-208, div. C, title III, 
Sec. 308(d)(5), 110 Stat. 3009-619, related to immediate deportation of 
aliens excluded from admission or entering in violation of law, prior to 
repeal by Pub. L. 104-208, div. C, title III, Secs. 305(a)(1), 309, 
Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009-597, 3009-625, effective, with certain 
transitional provisions, on the first day of the first month beginning 
more than 180 days after Sept. 30, 1996. See section 1231 of this title.


                               Amendments

    2000--Subsec. (a)(1)(H). Pub. L. 106-386, Sec. 1505(c)(2), 
redesignated cls. (i) and (ii) as subcls. (I) and (II), respectively, of 
cl. (i), and added cl. (ii).
    Subsec. (a)(3)(D). Pub. L. 106-395, Sec. 201(c)(2), amended heading 
and text of subpar. (D) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as 
follows: ``Any alien who falsely represents, or has falsely represented, 
himself to be a citizen of the United States for any purpose or benefit 
under this chapter (including section 1324a of this title) or any 
Federal or State law is deportable.''
    Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 106-395, Sec. 201(c)(1), amended heading and 
text of par. (6) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: 
``Any alien who has voted in violation of any Federal, State, or local 
constitutional provision, statute, ordinance, or regulation is 
deportable.''
    Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 106-386, Sec. 1505(b)(1), added par. (7).
    1996--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 308(e)(2)(C), substituted 
``removed'' for ``deported'' in introductory provisions.
    Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 301(d)(1), substituted ``in and admitted to 
the United States'' for ``in the United States'' in introductory 
provisions.
    Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 301(d)(2), substituted 
``Inadmissible'' for ``Excludable'' in par. heading.
    Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 104-208, Secs. 301(d)(3), 308(d)(3)(A), 
amended subpar. (A) identically, substituting ``inadmissible'' for 
``excludable''.
    Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 301(d)(2), substituted ``Inadmissible'' for 
``Excludable'' in subpar. heading.
    Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 301(d)(4), amended heading 
and text of subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as 
follows: ``Any alien who entered the United States without inspection or 
at any time or place other than as designated by the Attorney General or 
is in the United States in violation of this chapter or any other law of 
the United States is deportable.''
    Subsec. (a)(1)(E)(iii). Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 351(b), inserted ``an 
individual who at the time of the offense was'' after ``aided only''.
    Subsec. (a)(1)(F). Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 671(d)(1)(C), struck out 
heading and text of subpar. (F). Text read as follows: ``Any alien who 
obtains the status of an alien lawfully admitted for temporary residence 
under section 1161 of this title who fails to meet the requirement of 
section 1161(d)(5)(A) of this title by the end of the applicable period 
is deportable.''
    Subsec. (a)(1)(G). Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 308(f)(1)(L), substituted 
``admission'' for ``entry'' wherever appearing.
    Subsec. (a)(1)(H). Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 308(f)(5), which directed 
amendment of subsec. (a)(1)(H)(ii) by striking ``at entry'', was 
executed by striking ``at entry'' after ``grounds of inadmissibility'' 
in concluding provisions of subpar. (H) to reflect the probable intent 
of Congress.
    Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 308(f)(1)(M), substituted ``admission as 
aliens'' for ``entry as aliens'' in introductory provisions and ``such 
admission'' for ``such entry'' in cl. (ii).
    Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 308(e)(1)(E), substituted ``removal'' for 
``deportation'' wherever appearing.
    Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 308(d)(2)(A), (3)(A), amended subpar. (H) 
identically, substituting ``inadmissible'' for ``excludable'' in 
introductory provisions.
    Subsec. (a)(2)(A)(i)(I). Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 671(a)(4)(B), 
substituted ``1255(j)'' for ``1255(i)''.
    Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 308(f)(1)(N), substituted ``admission'' for 
``entry''.
    Subsec. (a)(2)(A)(i)(II). Pub. L. 104-132, Sec. 435(a), amended 
subcl. (II) generally. Prior to amendment, subcl. (II) read as follows: 
``either is sentenced to confinement or is confined therefor in a prison 
or correctional institution for one year or longer,''.
    Subsec. (a)(2)(A)(ii), (iii). Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 308(f)(1)(N), 
substituted ``admission'' for ``entry''.
    Subsec. (a)(2)(A)(iv). Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 108(c)(2), added cl. 
(iv). Former cl. (iv) redesignated (v).
    Subsec. (a)(2)(A)(v). Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 108(c)(3), substituted 
``(iii), and (iv)'' for ``and (iii)''.
    Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 108(c)(1), redesignated cl. (iv) as (v).
    Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 308(f)(1)(N), substituted 
``admission'' for ``entry'' in cls. (i) and (ii).
    Subsec. (a)(2)(C). Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 308(f)(1)(N), substituted 
``admission'' for ``entry''.
    Subsec. (a)(2)(E). Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 350(a), added subpar. (E).
    Subsec. (a)(2)(E)(i), (ii). Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 308(f)(1)(N), 
substituted ``admission'' for ``entry''.
    Subsec. (a)(3)(C). Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 345(b), amended heading and 
text of subpar. (C) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: 
``Any alien who is the subject of a final order for violation of section 
1324c of this title is deportable.''
    Subsec. (a)(3)(D). Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 344(b), added subpar. (D).
    Subsec. (a)(4)(A), (B). Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 308(f)(1)(N), 
substituted ``admission'' for ``entry''.
    Subsec. (a)(4)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 308(d)(2)(B), 
substituted ``inadmissibility'' for ``excludability''.
    Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 347(b), added par. (6).
    Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 308(d)(2)(C), substituted 
``inadmissibility'' for ``exclusion''.
    Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 308(d)(2)(D), struck out subsec. 
(d) which read as follows: ``Notwithstanding any other provision of this 
subchapter, an alien found in the United States who has not been 
admitted to the United States after inspection in accordance with 
section 1225 of this title is deemed for purposes of this chapter to be 
seeking entry and admission to the United States and shall be subject to 
examination and exclusion by the Attorney General under part IV of this 
subchapter. In the case of such an alien the Attorney General shall 
provide by regulation an opportunity for the alien to establish that the 
alien was so admitted.''
    Pub. L. 104-132, Sec. 414(a), added subsec. (d).
    1994--Subsec. (a)(2)(A)(i)(I). Pub. L. 103-322 inserted ``(or 10 
years in the case of an alien provided lawful permanent resident status 
under section 1255(i) of this title)'' after ``five years''.
    Subsec. (a)(2)(C). Pub. L. 103-416, Sec. 203(b)(1), substituted ``, 
or of attempting or conspiring to purchase, sell, offer for sale, 
exchange, use, own, possess, or carry,'' for ``in violation of any 
law,'' and inserted ``in violation of any law'' after ``title 18)''.
    Subsec. (a)(3)(B)(ii), (iii). Pub. L. 103-416, Sec. 203(b)(2), 
inserted ``an attempt or'' before ``a conspiracy''.
    Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103-416, Sec. 219(g), substituted ``and (3)(A) 
of subsection (a)'' for ``or (3)(A) of subsection (a)''.
    1991--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102-232, Sec. 307(h)(1), substituted ``if 
the alien is within one or more of the following classes of deportable 
aliens'' for ``if the alien is deportable as being within one or more of 
the following classes of aliens''.
    Subsec. (a)(1)(D)(i). Pub. L. 102-232, Sec. 307(h)(2), inserted 
``respective'' after ``terminated under such''.
    Subsec. (a)(1)(E)(i). Pub. L. 102-232, Sec. 307(h)(3), inserted 
``any'' after ``at the time of'' and after ``within 5 years of the date 
of'' in parenthetical provision.
    Subsec. (a)(1)(E)(ii), (iii). Pub. L. 102-232, Sec. 307(h)(4), added 
cl. (ii) and redesignated former cl. (ii) as (iii).
    Subsec. (a)(1)(G). Pub. L. 102-232, Sec. 307(h)(5), substituted 
``section 1182(a)(6)(C)(i)'' for ``section 1182(a)(5)(C)(i)''.
    Subsec. (a)(1)(H). Pub. L. 102-232, Sec. 307(h)(6), substituted 
``paragraph (4)(D)'' for ``paragraph (6) or (7)''.
    Subsec. (a)(2)(D). Pub. L. 102-232, Sec. 307(h)(7), inserted ``or 
attempt'' after ``conspiracy''.
    Subsec. (a)(3)(C). Pub. L. 102-232, Sec. 307(h)(8), added subpar. 
(C).
    Subsec. (a)(4)(A), (B). Pub. L. 102-232, Sec. 307(h)(9), substituted 
``after entry engages'' for ``after entry has engaged''.
    Subsec. (a)(4)(C). Pub. L. 102-232, Sec. 307(h)(10), substituted 
``excludability'' for ``excluability''.
    Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102-232, Sec. 307(k)(2), redesignated subsec. 
(h) as (c) and substituted ``existed'' for ``exist''.
    Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102-232, Sec. 307(k)(1), struck out subsec. (d) 
which related to applicability of this section to aliens belonging to 
any of the classes enumerated in subsection (a) of this section.
    Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 102-232, Sec. 307(k)(2), redesignated subsec. 
(h) as (c).
    Pub. L. 102-232, Sec. 302(d)(3), struck out comma after ``(3)(A)''.
    1990--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101-649, Sec. 602(a), amended subsec. (a) 
generally, consolidating 20 categories of excludable aliens into 5 
broader classes.
    Pub. L. 101-649, Sec. 544(b), added par. (21) which read as follows: 
``is the subject of a final order for violation of section 1324c of this 
title.''
    Pub. L. 101-649, Sec. 508(a), substituted ``conspiracy or attempt'' 
for ``conspiracy'' in par. (11).
    Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101-649, Sec. 602(b), redesignated subsec. (e) 
as (b), substituted ``paragraph (4) of subsection (a) of this section'' 
for ``subsection (a)(6) or (7) of this section'' and struck out former 
subsec. (b) which related to nonapplicability of subsec. (a)(4) of this 
section.
    Pub. L. 101-649, Sec. 505(a), struck out ``(1)'' after ``crimes 
shall not apply'' and ``, or (2) if the court sentencing such alien for 
such crime shall make, at the time of first imposing judgment or passing 
sentence, or within thirty days thereafter, a recommendation to the 
Attorney General that such alien not be deported, due notice having been 
given prior to making such recommendation to representatives of the 
interested State, the Service, and prosecution authorities, who shall be 
granted an opportunity to make representations in the matter'' at end of 
first sentence, and inserted ``or who has been convicted of an 
aggravated felony'' after ``subsection (a)(11) of this section'' in 
second sentence.
    Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101-649, Sec. 602(b)(1), struck out subsec. (c) 
which related to fraudulent entry.
    Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101-649, Sec. 602(b)(2)(B), redesignated 
subsec. (e) as (b).
    Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 101-649, Sec. 602(b)(1), struck out 
subsecs. (f) and (g) which related to waiver of deportation in specified 
cases and hardship waivers, respectively.
    Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 101-649, Sec. 153(b)(2), amended subsec. (h) 
generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (h) read as follows: ``Paragraphs 
(1), (2), (5), (9), or (12) of subsection (a) of this section (other 
than so much of paragraph (1) as relates to a ground of exclusion 
described in paragraph (9), (10), (23), (27), (29), or (33) of section 
1182(a) of this title) shall not apply to a special immigrant described 
in section 1101(a)(27)(J) of this title based upon circumstances that 
exist before the date the alien was provided such special immigrant 
status.''
    Pub. L. 101-649, Sec. 153(b)(1), added subsec. (h).
    1988--Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 7344(a), inserted cl. 
(B).
    Subsec. (a)(14). Pub. L. 100-690 inserted ``any firearm or 
destructive device (as defined in paragraphs (3) and (4)), respectively, 
of section 921(a) of title 18, or any revolver or'' after ``law''.
    Subsec. (a)(17). Pub. L. 100-525, Sec. 9(m), substituted 
``amendment, thereof, known as the Trading With the Enemy Act'' for 
``amendment thereof; the Trading With the Enemy Act''.
    Subsec. (a)(20). Pub. L. 100-525, Sec. 2(n)(2), substituted ``an 
alien lawfully admitted'' for ``an alien who becomes lawfully 
admitted''.
    1986--Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 99-639, Sec. 2(b)(1), designated 
existing provisions as cl. (A) and added cl. (B).
    Subsec. (a)(10). Pub. L. 99-653 repealed par. (10). Prior to repeal, 
par. (10) read as follows: ``entered the United States from foreign 
contiguous territory or adjacent islands, having arrived there on a 
vessel or aircraft of a nonsignatory transportation company under 
section 1228(a) of this title and was without the required period of 
stay in such foreign contiguous territory or adjacent islands following 
such arrival (other than an alien described in section 1101(a)(27)(A) of 
this title and aliens born in the Western Hemisphere);''.
    Subsec. (a)(11). Pub. L. 99-570 substituted ``any law or regulation 
of a State, the United States, or a foreign country relating to a 
controlled substance (as defined in section 802 of title 21)'' for ``any 
law or regulation relating to the illicit possession of or traffic in 
narcotic drugs or marihuana, or who has been convicted of a violation 
of, or a conspiracy to violate, any law or regulation governing or 
controlling the taxing, manufacture, production, compounding, 
transportation, sale, exchange, dispensing, giving away, importation, 
exportation, or the possession for the purpose of the manufacture, 
production, compounding, transportation, sale, exchange, dispensing, 
giving away, importation, or exportation of opium, coca leaves, heroin, 
marihuana, any salt derivative or preparation of opium or coca leaves or 
isonipecaine or any addiction-forming or addiction-sustaining opiate''.
    Subsec. (a)(20). Pub. L. 99-603 added par. (20).
    Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 99-639, Sec. 2(b)(2), added subsec. (g).
    1981--Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 97-116 designated existing provision as 
par. (1)(A), substituted provision authorizing discretionary waiver of 
deportation based on visa fraud or misrepresentation in the case of an 
alien, other than an alien described in subsec. (a)(19) of this section, 
who is the spouse, parent, or child of a citizen of the United States or 
of an alien lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent 
residence and who was in possession of an immigrant visa or equivalent 
document and was otherwise admissible to the United States at the time 
of such entry except for those grounds specified in section 1182(a)(14), 
(20), and (21) of this title which were a direct result of that fraud or 
misrepresentation, with relief available to those who have made 
innocent, as well as fraudulent, misrepresentations, for provision 
requiring mandatory waiver of deportation based on visa fraud or 
misrepresentation at the time of entry in the case of an alien who is 
the spouse, parent, or child of a United States citizen or of an alien 
lawfully admitted for permanent residence who is otherwise admissible, 
and added pars. (1)(B) and (2).
    1978--Subsec. (a)(19). Pub. L. 95-549 added par. (19).
    1976--Subsec. (a)(10). Pub. L. 94-571 substituted ``(other than an 
alien described in section 1101(a)(27)(A) of this title and aliens born 
in the Western Hemisphere)'' for ``(other than an alien who is a native-
born citizen of any of the countries enumerated in section 
1101(a)(27)(A) of this title and an alien described in section 
1101(a)(27)(B) of this title)''.
    1965--Subsec. (a)(10). Pub. L. 89-236 substituted ``section 
1101(a)(27)(A) of this title'' for ``section 1101(a)(27)(C) of this 
title''.
    1961--Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 87-301 added subsec. (f).
    1960--Subsec. (a)(11). Pub. L. 86-648 inserted ``or marihuana'' 
after ``narcotic drugs''.
    1956--Subsec. (a)(11). Act July 18, 1956, Sec. 301(b), included 
conspiracy to violate any narcotic law, and the illicit possession of 
narcotics, as additional grounds for deportation.
    Subsec. (b). Act July 18, 1956, Sec. 301(c), inserted at end ``The 
provisions of this subsection shall not apply in the case of any alien 
who is charged with being deportable from the United States under 
subsection (a)(11) of this section.''


                    Effective Date of 2000 Amendment

    Pub. L. 106-395, title II, Sec. 201(c)(3), Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 
1635, provided that: ``The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending 
this section] shall be effective as if included in the enactment of 
section 347 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant 
Responsibility Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-208; 110 Stat. 3009-638) and 
shall apply to voting occurring before, on, or after September 30, 1996. 
The amendment made by paragraph (2) [amending this section] shall be 
effective as if included in the enactment of section 344 of the Illegal 
Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (Public Law 
104-208; 110 Stat. 3009-637) and shall apply to representations made on 
or after September 30, 1996. Such amendments shall apply to individuals 
in proceedings under the Immigration and Nationality Act [8 U.S.C. 1101 
et seq.] on or after September 30, 1996.''


                    Effective Date of 1996 Amendments

    Amendment by sections 301(d), 305(a)(2), and 308(d)(2)(A)-(C), 
(3)(A), (e)(1)(E), (2)(C), (f)(1)(L)-(N), (5) of Pub. L. 104-208 
effective, with certain transitional provisions, on the first day of the 
first month beginning more than 180 days after Sept. 30, 1996, see 
section 309 of Pub. L. 104-208, set out as a note under section 1101 of 
this title.
    Section 308(d)(2)(D) of div. C of Pub. L. 104-208 provided that the 
amendment made by that section is effective Sept. 30, 1996.
    Amendment by section 344(b) of Pub. L. 104-208 applicable to 
representations made on or after Sept. 30, 1996, see section 344(c) of 
Pub. L. 104-208, set out as a note under section 1182 of this title.
    Amendment by section 347(b) of Pub. L. 104-208 applicable to voting 
occurring before, on, or after Sept. 30, 1996, see section 347(c) of 
Pub. L. 104-208, set out as a note under section 1182 of this title.
    Section 350(b) of div. C of Pub. L. 104-208 provided that: ``The 
amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to 
convictions, or violations of court orders, occurring after the date of 
the enactment of this Act [Sept. 30, 1996].''
    Amendment by section 351(b) of Pub. L. 104-208 applicable to 
applications for waivers filed before, on, or after Sept. 30, 1996, but 
not applicable to such an application for which a final determination 
has been made as of Sept. 30, 1996, see section 351(c) of Pub. L. 104-
208, set out as a note under section 1182 of this title.
    Amendment by section 671(a)(4)(B) of Pub. L. 104-208 effective as if 
included in the enactment of the Violent Crime Control and Law 
Enforcement Act of 1994, Pub. L. 103-322, see section 671(a)(7) of Pub. 
L. 104-208, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.
    Section 414(b) of Pub. L. 104-132 provided that: ``The amendment 
made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on the 
first day of the first month beginning more than 180 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act [Apr. 24, 1996].''
    Section 435(b) of Pub. L. 104-132 provided that: ``The amendment 
made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to aliens 
against whom deportation proceedings are initiated after the date of the 
enactment of this Act [Apr. 24, 1996].''


                    Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

    Amendment by section 203(b) of Pub. L. 103-416 applicable to 
convictions occurring before, on, or after Oct. 25, 1994, see section 
203(c) of Pub. L. 103-416, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates 
of 1994 Amendments note under section 1182 of this title.
    Amendment by section 219(g) of Pub. L. 103-416 effective as if 
included in the enactment of the Immigration Act of 1990, Pub. L. 101-
649, see section 219(dd) of Pub. L. 103-416, set out as a note under 
section 1101 of this title.


                    Effective Date of 1991 Amendment

    Amendment by sections 302(d)(3), 307(h) of Pub. L. 102-232 effective 
as if included in the enactment of the Immigration Act of 1990, Pub. L. 
101-649, see section 310(1) of Pub. L. 102-232, set out as a note under 
section 1101 of this title.
    Section 307(k) of Pub. L. 102-232 provided that the amendment made 
by that section is effective as if included in section 602(b) of the 
Immigration Act of 1990, Pub. L. 101-649.


                    Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

    Amendment by section 153(b)(1) of Pub. L. 101-649 effective Nov. 29, 
1990, and (unless otherwise provided) applicable to fiscal year 1991, 
see section 161(b) of Pub. L. 101-649, set out as a note under section 
1101 of this title.
    Section 153(b)(2) of Pub. L. 101-649 provided that the amendment of 
the subsec. (h) added by section 153(b)(1) of Pub. L. 101-649 is 
effective on the date the amendments by section 602 of Pub. L. 101-649 
become effective. See section 602(d) of Pub. L. 101-649, set out below.
    Section 505(b) of Pub. L. 101-649 provided that: ``The amendments 
made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on the 
date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 29, 1990] and shall apply to 
convictions entered before, on, or after such date.''
    Section 508(b) of Pub. L. 101-649 provided that: ``The amendment 
made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to 
convictions occurring on or after the date of the enactment of this Act 
[Nov. 29, 1990].''
    Section 544(d), formerly (c), of Pub. L. 101-649, as redesignated by 
Pub. L. 102-232, title III, Sec. 306(c)(5)(B), Dec. 12, 1991, 105 Stat. 
1752, provided that: ``The amendments made by this section [enacting 
section 1324c of this title and amending this section] shall apply to 
persons or entities that have committed violations on or after the date 
of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 29, 1990].''
    Section 602(d) of Pub. L. 101-649 provided that: ``The amendments 
made by this section, and by section 603(b) of this Act [amending this 
section, sections 1161, 1252, 1253, and 1254 of this title, and section 
402 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare], shall not apply to 
deportation proceedings for which notice has been provided to the alien 
before March 1, 1991.''


                    Effective Date of 1988 Amendments

    Section 7344(b) of Pub. L. 100-690 provided that: ``The amendments 
made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to any alien 
who has been convicted, on or after the date of the enactment of this 
Act [Nov. 18, 1988], of an aggravated felony.''
    Section 7348(b) of Pub. L. 100-690 provided that: ``The amendment 
made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to any alien 
convicted, on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 18, 
1988], of possessing any firearm or destructive device referred to in 
such subsection.''
    Amendment by section 2(n)(2) of Pub. L. 100-525 effective as if 
included in enactment of Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, 
Pub. L. 99-603, see section 2(s) of Pub. L. 100-525, set out as a note 
under section 1101 of this title.


                    Effective Date of 1986 Amendments

    Amendment by Pub. L. 99-653 applicable to visas issued, and 
admissions occurring, on or after Nov. 14, 1986, see section 23(a) of 
Pub. L. 99-653, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.
    Amendment by Pub. L. 99-570 applicable to convictions occurring 
before, on, or after Oct. 27, 1986, see section 1751(c) of Pub. L. 99-
570, set out as a note under section 1182 of this title.


                    Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

    Amendment by Pub. L. 97-116 effective Dec. 29, 1981, see section 
21(a) of Pub. L. 97-116, set out as a note under section 1101 of this 
title.


                    Effective Date of 1976 Amendment

    Amendment by Pub. L. 94-571 effective on first day of first month 
which begins more than sixty days after Oct. 20, 1976, see section 10 of 
Pub. L. 94-571, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.


                    Effective Date of 1965 Amendment

    For effective date of amendment by Pub. L. 89-236 see section 20 of 
Pub. L. 89-236, set out as a note under section 1151 of this title.


                    Effective Date of 1956 Amendment

    Amendment by act July 18, 1956, effective July 19, 1956, see section 
401 of act July 18, 1956.


                            Savings Provision

    Section 602(c) of Pub. L. 101-649 provided that: ``Notwithstanding 
the amendments made by this section [amending this section], any alien 
who was deportable because of a conviction (before the date of the 
enactment of this Act [Nov. 29, 1990]) of an offense referred to in 
paragraph (15), (16), (17), or (18) of section 241(a) [now 237] of the 
Immigration and Nationality Act [8 U.S.C. 1227], as in effect before the 
date of the enactment of this Act, shall be considered to remain so 
deportable. Except as otherwise specifically provided in such section 
and subsection (d) [set out as a note above], the provisions of such 
section, as amended by this section, shall apply to all aliens described 
in subsection (a) thereof notwithstanding that (1) any such alien 
entered the United States before the date of the enactment of this Act, 
or (2) the facts, by reason of which an alien is described in such 
subsection, occurred before the date of the enactment of this Act.''


                        Report on Criminal Aliens

    Section 510 of Pub. L. 101-649, as amended by Pub. L. 102-232, title 
III, Sec. 306(a)(8), (9), Dec. 12, 1991, 105 Stat. 1751, provided that 
the Attorney General was to submit to appropriate Committees of 
Congress, by not later than Dec. 1, 1991, a report describing efforts of 
Immigration and Naturalization Service to identify, apprehend, detain, 
and remove from the United States aliens who have been convicted of 
crimes in the United States and including a criminal alien census and 
removal plan.

                  Section Referred to in Other Sections

    This section is referred to in sections 1154, 1158, 1226, 1228, 
1229a, 1229b, 1229c, 1231, 1252, 1253, 1255, 1259, 1364, 1367, 1371, 
1531 of this title; title 42 sections 402, 1004.
