# வெளியீட்டு அறிக்கை

Fedora 10
10.0.0
10.0.0
1
0

இந்த Fedora வெளியீடு பற்றிய முக்கியமான தகவல்

2007, 2008
Red Hat, Inc. மற்றும் பிற

Copyright © 2007, 2008 by Red Hat, Inc. and others. This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, v1.0, available at .

FEDORA, FEDORA PROJECT, and the Fedora Logo are trademarks of Red Hat, Inc., are registered or pending registration in the U.S. and other countries, and are used here under license to the Fedora Project.

Red Hat and the Red Hat "Shadow Man" logo are registered trademarks of Red Hat, Inc. in the United States and other countries.

All other trademarks and copyrights referred to are the property of their respective owners.

Documentation, as with software itself, may be subject to export control. Read about Fedora Project export controls at .

Fedora ஆவணமாக்க திட்டம்

## Fedora 10க்கு நல்வரவு

### Fedoraவுக்கு நல்வரவு

Fedora is a Linux-based operating system that showcases the latest in free and open source software. Fedora is always free for anyone to use, modify, and distribute. It is built by people across the globe who work together as a community: the Fedora Project. The Fedora Project is open and anyone is welcome to join. The Fedora Project is out front for you, leading the advancement of free, open software and content.

#### நீங்கள் மேம்படுத்த விரும்பினால், ஃபெடோராவுக்கான சமீபத்திய வெளியீட்டு அறிக்கை பார்க்க .

If you are migrating from a release of Fedora older than the immediately previous one, you should refer to older Release Notes for additional information. You can find older Release Notes at

You can help the Fedora Project community continue to improve Fedora if you file bug reports and enhancement requests. Refer to for more information about bug and feature reporting. Thank you for your participation.

Fedora பற்றிய மேலும் தகவலுக்கு, பின்வரும் இணைய பக்கங்களை பார்க்கவும்:

- Fedora கண்ணோட்டம் -

- Fedora FAQ -

- உதவிகள் மற்றும் விவாதங்கள் -

- Fedora திட்டத்தில் பங்கேற்றல் -

### Fedora 10 கண்ணோட்டம்

As always, Fedora continues to develop () and integrate the latest free and open source software (.) The following sections provide a brief overview of major changes from the last release of Fedora. For more details about other features that are included in Fedora 10, refer to their individual wiki pages that detail feature goals and progress:

Throughout the release cycle, there are interviews with the developers behind key features giving out the inside story:

Fedora 10க்கு பின்வருபவை முக்கியமான வசதிகள்:

- வடமில்லா இணைப்பு பகிர்தல் ad hoc பிணைய பகிர்தலை செயல்படுத்துகிறது --

- Better setup and use of printers through improved management tools --

- மெய்நிகராக்க சேமிப்பக வாய்ப்புகள் உள்ளமை மற்றும் தொலை இணைப்புக்களுக்கு இப்போது எளிதாக உள்ளது --

- SecTool என்பது ஒரு புதிய பாதுகாப்பு தணிக்கை மற்றும் கண்டறியும் அமைப்பாகும் --

- RPM 4.6 is a major update to the powerful, flexible software management libraries --

வேறு சில வசதிகள் இந்த வெளியீட்டில் உள்ளன:

- Glitch free audio and better performance is achieved through a rewrite of the PulseAudio sound server to use timer-based audio scheduling --

- மேம்பட்ட வெப்கேம் சேவை --

- Better support for infrared remote controls makes them easier to connect and work with many applications --

- The paths `/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin` have been added to the `PATH` for normal users, to simplify command-line administration tasks --

- The online account service provides applications with credentials for online accounts listed on or stored in GConf --

Features for Fedora 10 are tracked on the feature list page:

### பின்னூட்டம்

Thank you for taking the time to provide your comments, suggestions, and bug reports to the Fedora community; this helps improve the state of Fedora, Linux, and free software worldwide.

#### Fedora மென்பொருளில் பின்னுட்டங்கள் கொடுக்கிறது

To provide feedback on Fedora software or other system elements, please refer to . A list of commonly reported bugs and known issues for this release is available from .

#### பொதுவான பிழைகள்

No software is without bugs. One of the features of free and open source software is the ability to report bugs, helping to fix or improve the software you use.

A list of common bugs is maintained for each release by the Fedora Project as a good place to start when you are having a problem that might be a bug in the software:

#### வெளியீட்டு அறிக்கையின் பின்னூட்டங்களை கொடுக்கிறது

If you feel these release notes could be improved in any way, you can provide your feedback directly to the beat writers. There are several ways to provide feedback, in order of preference:

- உங்களுக்கு ஒரு Fedora கணக்கு இருந்தால், உள்ளடக்கத்தை நேரடியாக இல் திருத்தலாம்.

- Fill out a bug request using this template: - This link is ONLY for feedback on the release notes themselves. Refer to for details.

- மின்னஞ்சல் .

## நிறுவல் மற்றும் நேரடி உருக்களுக்கு என்ன இருக்கிறது

### நிறுவல் குறிப்புகள்

#### Fedoraஐ நிறுவுவது பற்றி கற்க, ஐ பார்க்கவும்

If you encounter a problem or have a question during installation that is not covered in these release notes, refer to and .

Anaconda is the name of the Fedora installer. This section outlines issues related to Anaconda and installing Fedora 10.

#### நிறுவல் ஊடகம்

##### Fedora DVD ISO உரு ஒரு பெரிய கோப்பாகும்.

If you intend to download the Fedora DVD ISO image, keep in mind that not all file downloading tools can accommodate files larger than 2 GiB in size.

The programs `wget` 1.9.1-16 and above, `curl`, and `ncftpget` do not have this limitation, and can successfully download files larger than 2 GiB. BitTorrent is another method for downloading large files. For information about obtaining and using the torrent file, refer to .

Anaconda asks if it should verify the installation medium when Install or upgrade an existing system is selected during boot from an installation-only media.

For Fedora Live media, press any key during the initial boot countdown, to display a boot option menu. Select Verify and boot to perform the media test. Installation media can be used to verify Fedora Live media. Anaconda asks during the mediacheck if you want to check any other disc than the one Anaconda is running from. To test additional media, select eject to eject the inserted medium, then replace it with the medium you want to test instead.

Perform this test for any new installation or live medium.

The Fedora Project strongly recommends that you perform this test before reporting any installation-related bugs. Many of the bugs reported are actually due to improperly-burned CD or DVDs.

In rare cases, the testing procedure may report some usable discs as faulty. This result is often caused by disc writing software that does not include padding when creating discs from ISO files.

##### BitTorrent Automatically Verifies File Integrity.

If you use BitTorrent, any files you download are automatically validated. If your file completes downloading you do not need to check it. Once you burn your CD or DVD, however, you should still use `mediacheck` to test the integrity of the media.

Another reason for a failure during installation is faulty memory. To perform memory testing before you install Fedora, press any key to enter the boot menu, then select Memory Test. This option runs the Memtest86 standalone memory testing software in place of Anaconda. Memtest86 memory testing continues until you press the Esc key.

Fedora 10 supports graphical FTP and HTTP installations. However, the installer image must either fit in RAM or appear on local storage, such as the installation DVD or Live Media. Therefore, only systems with more than 192MiB of RAM or that boot from the installation DVD or Live Media can use the graphical installer. Systems with 192MiB RAM or less fall back to using the text-based installer automatically. If you prefer to use the text-based installer, type `linux text` at the boot: prompt.

#### அனகோண்டாவில் மாற்றம்

- NetworkManager for Networking -- Anaconda is now using NetworkManager for configuration of network interfaces during installation. The main network interface configuration screen in Anaconda has been removed. Users are only prompted for network configuration details if they are necessary during installation. The settings used during installation are then written to the system.

  மேலும் தகவலுக்கு, ஐ பார்க்கவும்.

- When using `netinst.iso` to boot the installer, Anaconda defaults to using the Fedora mirrorlist URL as the installation source. The method selection screen no longer appears by default. If you do not wish to use the mirrorlist URL, either add `repo=<your installation source>` or add `askmethod` to the installer boot parameters. The `askmethod` option causes the selection screen to appear as it did in previous releases. To add boot parameters, press the Tab key in the initial boot screen and append any new parameters to the existing list. For more information, refer to the `repo=` and `stage2=` descriptions at .

#### நிறுவல் தொடர்பாக சிக்கல்கள்

##### PXE `.iso`லிருந்து துவக்குதல்

When PXE booting and using a `.iso` file mounted via NFS for the installation media, add `method=nfsiso:server:/path` to the command line. This is a new requirement.

##### IDE சாதன பெயர்கள்

Use of `/dev/hdX` on i386 and x86_64 for IDE drives changed to `/dev/sdX` in Fedora 7. If you are upgrading from an earlier version than Fedora 7, you need to research about the importance of labeling devices for upgrades and any partition limitations.

##### IDE RAID

Not all IDE RAID controllers are supported. If your RAID controller is not yet supported by dmraid, you may combine drives into RAID arrays by configuring Linux software RAID. For supported controllers, configure the RAID functions in the computer BIOS.

##### பல NICs மற்றும் PXE நிறுவல்

Some servers with multiple network interfaces may not assign eth0 to the first network interface as BIOS knows it, which can cause the installer to try using a different network interface than was used by PXE. To change this behavior, use the following in `pxelinux.cfg/*` config files:

    	IPAPPEND 2 APPEND
    	  ksdevice=bootif

The configuration options above causes the installer to use the same network interface as BIOS and PXE use. You can also use the following option:

    	ksdevice=link

This option causes the installer to use the first network device it finds that is linked to a network switch.

#### மேம்படுத்தல் தொடர்பான சிக்கல்கள்

Refer to for detailed recommended procedures for upgrading Fedora.

##### SCSI இயக்கி பகிர்வு வரம்புகள்

Whereas older IDE drivers supported up to 63 partitions per device, SCSI devices are limited to 15 partitions per device. Anaconda uses the libata driver in the same fashion as the rest of Fedora, so it is unable to detect more than 15 partitions on an IDE disk during the installation or upgrade process.

If you are upgrading a system with more than 15 partitions, you may need to migrate the disk to Logical Volume Management (LVM). This restriction may cause conflicts with other installed systems if they do not support LVM. Most modern Linux distributions support LVM and drivers are available for other operating systems as well.

##### வட்டு பகிர்வுகள் பெயரிடப்பட வேண்டும்

A change in the way that the Linux kernel handles storage devices means that device names such as `/dev/hdX` or `/dev/sdX` may differ from the values used in earlier releases. Anaconda solves this problem by relying on partition labels or UUIDs for finding devices. If these are not present, then Anaconda presents a warning indicating that partitions need to be labelled and that the upgrade can not proceed. Systems that use Logical Volume Management (LVM) and the device mapper usually do not require relabeling.

###### வட்டு பகிர்வு பெயர்களை சோதிக்க

To view partition labels, boot the existing Fedora installation, and enter the following at a terminal prompt:

    	  /sbin/blkid

Confirm that each volume line in the list has a `LABEL=` value, as shown below:

    	  /dev/hdd1: LABEL="/boot"
    	    UUID="ec6a9d6c-6f05-487e-a8bd-a2594b854406" SEC_TYPE="ext2"
    	    TYPE="ext3"

###### வட்டு பகிர்வு பெயர்களை அமைக்க

பெயர் இல்லாமல் ext2 மற்றும் ext3 பகிர்வுகளுக்கு, பின்வரும் கட்டளையை பயன்படுத்தவும்:

    	  su -c 'e2label /dev/example f7-slash'

For a VFAT file system use `dosfslabel` from the `dosfstools` package, and for NTFS file system use `ntfslabel` from the `ntfsprogs` package. Before rebooting the machine, also update the file system mount entries, and the GRUB kernel root entry.

###### கோப்பு முறைமை ஏற்ற உள்ளீடுகளை மேம்படுத்தல்

If any file system labels were added or modified, then the device entries in `/etc/fstab` must be adjusted to match:

    	  su -c 'cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.orig' su -c 'gedit
    	    /etc/fstab'

An example of a mount by label entry is:

    	  LABEL=f7-slash  /  ext3  defaults  1
    	    1

###### `grub.conf` கர்னல் ரூட் உள்ளீட்டை மேம்படுத்து

If the label for the `/` (root) file system was modified, the kernel boot parameter in the grub configuration file must also be modified:

    	  su -c 'gedit /boot/grub/grub.conf'

ஒரு மாதிரி கர்னல் க்ரப் வரி:

    	  kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.20-1.2948.fc6 ro
    	    root=LABEL=f7-slash rhgb quiet

###### சோதனை மாற்றங்கள் லேபிள்களில் செயப்படுகிறது

If partition labels were adjusted, or the `/etc/fstab` file modified, then boot the existing Fedora installation to confirm that all partitions still mount normally and login is successful. When complete, reboot with the installation media to start the installer and begin the upgrade.

##### மேம்படுத்தல் மற்றும் புதிதாக நிறுவல்கள்

In general, fresh installations are recommended over upgrades. This is particularly true for systems that include software from third-party repositories. Third-party packages remaining from a previous installation may not work as expected on an upgraded Fedora system. If you decide to perform an upgrade anyway, the following information may be helpful:

Before you upgrade, back up the system completely. In particular, preserve `/etc`, `/home`, and possibly `/opt` and `/usr/local` if customized packages are installed there. You may want to use a multi-boot approach with a "clone" of the old installation on alternate partition(s) as a fallback. In that case, create alternate boot media, such as a GRUB boot floppy.

###### கட்டமைப்பு பின்சேமிப்புகள்

Backups of configurations in `/etc` are also useful in reconstructing system settings after a fresh installation.

மேம்படுத்தலை முடித்த பின் பின்வரும் கட்டளையை இயக்கவும்:

    	rpm -qa --last > RPMS_by_Install_Time.txt

Inspect the end of the output for packages that pre-date the upgrade. Remove or upgrade those packages from third-party repositories, or otherwise deal with them as necessary. Some previously installed packages may no longer be available in any configured repository. To list all these packages, use the following command:

    	su -c 'yum list extras'

#### கிக்ஸ்டார்ட் HTTP சிக்கல்

When using a Kickstart configuration file via HTTP, kickstart file retrieval may fail with an error that indicates the file could not be retrieved. Click the OK button several times without making modifications to override this error successfully. As a workaround, use one of the other supported methods to retrieve Kickstart configurations.

#### Firstbootக்கு ரூட் அல்லாத பயனர் தேவைப்படுகிறது

The Firstboot application requires the creation of a non-root user for the system. This is to support gdm no longer allowing the root user to log in to the graphical desktop.

If a network authentication mechanism is chosen during installation, Firstboot does not require creating a non-root local user.

### Fedora நேரடி உருக்கள்

The Fedora 10 release includes several Fedora Live ISO images in addition to the traditional installation images. These ISO images are bootable, and you can burn them to media and use them to try out Fedora. They also include a feature that allows you to install the Fedora Live image content to your hard drive for persistence and higher performance.

#### இருக்கும் உருக்கள்

தற்போதைய கிடைக்கும் ஸ்பின்களின் முழு பட்டியல் மற்றும் தகவல்களுக்கு:

#### பயன்பாடு தகவல்

To boot from the Fedora Live image, insert the media into your computer and restart. To log in and use the desktop environment, enter the username fedora. There is no password on this account. The GNOME-based Fedora Live images automatically login after one minute, so users have time to select a preferred language. After logging in, if you wish to install the contents of the Live image to your hard drive, click on the Install to Hard Drive icon on the desktop.

#### உங்கள் ஊடகத்தை சோதிக்கிறது

To check Fedora Live media, press any key during the initial boot countdown to display a boot option menu. Select Verify and boot to perform the media test.

இந்த சோதனையை எந்த புதிய நேரடி ஊடகத்திற்கும் செய்யவும்

#### உரை முறைமை நிறுவல்

To perform a text mode installation of the Fedora Live image, use the `liveinst` command in the console.

#### USB துவக்குதல்

Another way to use these Fedora Live images is to put them on a USB stick. To do this, use the `liveusb-creator` graphical interface. Use Add/Remove Software to search for and install `liveusb-creator`, or to install using `yum`:

          su -c 'yum install liveusb-creator'

Instead of the graphical tool, you can use the command line interface from the `livecd-tools` package. Then, run the `livecd-iso-to-disk` script:

    /usr/bin/livecd-iso-to-disk /path/to/live.iso /dev/sdb1

உருவை போட வேண்டிய இடத்தில் `/dev/sdb1` ஐ பகிர்வுடன் மாற்றவும்.

This is not a destructive process; any data you currently have on your USB stick is preserved.

A Windows version of this tools is also available that allows users to try out or migrate to Fedora.

#### பிரசிஸ்டன்ட் இல்ல அடைவு

Support for keeping a persistent `/home` with the rest of the system stateless has been added for Fedora 10. This includes support for encrypting `/home` to protect your system if your USB stick is lost or stolen. To use this feature, download the Live image and run the following command:

          livecd-iso-to-disk --home-size-mb 512 /path/to/live.iso /dev/sdb1

உருவை போட வேண்டிய இடத்தில் `/dev/sdb1` ஐ பகிர்வுடன் மாற்றவும்.

Replace `512` with the desired size in megabytes of the persistent `/home`. The `livecd-iso-to-disk` shell script is stored in the `LiveOS` directory at the top level of the CD image. The USB media must have sufficient free space for the Fedora Live image, plus the `/home`, plus any other data to be stored on the media. By default, this encrypts your data and prompts for a passphrase to use. If you want to have an unencrypted `/home`, then you can specify `--unencrypted-home`.

Note that later runs of `livecd-iso-to-disk` preserve the `/home` that is created on the USB stick, continuing to use it even if you change your Live image.

#### நேரடி USB ப்ரசிஸ்டன்ட்

Support for persistent changes with a Fedora Live image exists for Fedora 9 and later. The primary use case is booting from a Fedora Live image on a USB flash drive and storing changes to that same device. To do this, download the Fedora Live image and then run the following command:

    livecd-iso-to-disk --overlay-size-mb 512 /path/to/live.iso /dev/sdb1

உருவை போட வேண்டிய இடத்தில் `/dev/sdb1` ஐ பகிர்வுடன் மாற்றவும்.

Replace `512` with the desired size in megabytes of the persistent data, or overlay. The `livecd-iso-to-disk` shell script is stored in the `LiveOS` directory at the top level of the CD image. The USB media must have sufficient free space for the Fedora Live image, plus the overlay, plus any other data to be stored on the media.

#### Booting a Fedora Live Image from USB on Intel-based Apple Hardware

Fedora 10 includes support for putting the Live image onto a USB image and then booting it on Intel processor-based Apple hardware. Unlike most x86 machines, this hardware requires reformatting the USB stick. To set up a USB stick, run this command:

    /usr/bin/livecd-iso-to-disk --mactel /path/to/live.iso /dev/sdb1

உருவை போட வேண்டிய இடத்தில் `/dev/sdb1` ஐ பகிர்வுடன் மாற்றவும்.

Note that all of the other arguments for the `livecd-iso-to-disk` tool as described above can be used here as well.

#### ஒரு சராசரி Fedora நிறுவலிலிருந்து வித்தியாசங்கள்

Fedora நேரடி உரு ஒரு சாதார Fedora நிறுவலை விட கீழே காட்டியபடி வேறுபட்டது.

- Fedora Live images provide a subset of packages available in the regular DVD image. Both connect to the same repository that has all the packages.

- The SSH daemon sshd is disabled by default. The daemon is disabled because the default username in the Fedora Live images does not have a password. However, installation to hard disk prompts for creating a new username and password.

- Fedora Live image installations do not allow any package selection or upgrade capability since they copy the entire file system from the Live media to the hard disk. After the installation is complete, and your system has been rebooted, you can add and remove packages as desired with the Add/Remove Software tool, `yum`, or the other software management tools.

- Fedora நேரடி உருக்கள் i586 கணினிகளில் வேலை செய்யாது.

### வன்பொருள் கண்ணோட்டம்

Users often request that Fedora provide a hardware compatibility list (HCL), which we have carefully avoided doing. Why? It is a difficult and thankless task that is best handled by the community at large than by one little Linux distribution.

However, because of our stance against closed-source hardware drivers and the problems of binary firmware for hardware, there is some additional information the Fedora Project wants to provide Fedora users.

#### இந்த வெளியீட்டு அறிக்கையிலுள்ள பயனுள்ள வன்பொருள் தகவல்

- 32-bit x86க்கு -

- 64-bit x86க்கு -

- PowerPCக்கு (PPC)-

#### வன்பொருள் நிகழ்வு

இலிருந்து:

- இது உரிமை கொண்டதாக இருந்தால் Fedoraவில் சேர்க்க முடியாது.

- அது சட்டம் சார்ந்ததாக இருந்தால், Fedoraவில் சேர்க்க முடியாது.

- இது அமெரிக்க பெடரல் சட்டத்தை மீறினால் Fedoraவில் சேர்க்க முடியாது.

#### நீங்கள் ஏன் செய்யக்கூடாது?

1. Get active. Tell your hardware vendors you only want free, open source drivers and firmware

2. Use your buying power and only purchase from hardware vendors that support their hardware with open drivers and firmware. Refer to for more information.

### வடிவமைப்பு தொடர்பான குறிப்புகள்

This section provides notes that are specific to the supported hardware architectures of Fedora.

#### RPM multiarch support on 64-bit platforms - x86_64 and ppc64

RPM supports parallel installation of multiple architectures of the same package. A default package listing such as `rpm -qa` might appear to include duplicate packages, since the architecture is not displayed. Instead, use the `repoquery` command, part of the `yum-utils` package, which displays architecture by default. To install `yum-utils`, run the following command:

          su -c 'yum install yum-utils'

To list all packages with their architecture using `rpm`, run the following command:

          rpm -qa --queryformat "%{name}-%{version}-%{release}.%{arch}\n"

This setting changes the default query to list the architecture. Add it to `/etc/rpm/macros` (for a system wide setting) or `~/.rpmmacros` (for a per-user setting).

          %_query_all_fmt %%{name}-%%{version}-%%{release}.%%{arch}

#### Fedoraவுக்கு x86 குறிப்பீடுகள்

இந்த பிரிவு Fedora பற்றிய குறிப்பிட்ட தகவல்களையும் x86 வன்பொருள் தளத்தையும் கொண்டுள்ளது.

##### x86க்கு தேவையான வன்பொருள்

In order to use specific features of Fedora 10 during or after installation, you may need to know details of other hardware components such as video and network cards.

###### செயலி மற்றும் நினைவகம்

The following CPU specifications are stated in terms of Intel processors. Other processors, such as those from AMD, Cyrix, and VIA that are compatible with and equivalent to the following Intel processors, may also be used with Fedora.

Fedora 10 requires an Intel Pentium or better processor, and is optimized for Pentium 4 and later processors.

- பரிந்துரைக்கப்பட்ட உரை முறைமை: 200 MHz Pentium-class அல்லது அதற்கு மேல்

- பரிந்துரைக்கப்பட்ட வரைகலை: 400 MHz Pentium II அல்லது அதற்கு மேல்

- குறைந்தபட்ச RAM உரை முறைமைக்கு: 128MiB

- குறைந்தபட்ச RAM வரைகலைக்கு: 192MiB

- பரிந்துரைக்கப்பட்ட RAM வரைகலைக்கு: 256MiB

###### நிலைவட்டு இடம்

All of the packages from a DVD install can occupy over 9 GB of disk space. The final install size is determined by the installing spin and the packages selected during installation. Additional disk space is required during installation to support the installation environment. The additional disk space corresponds to the size of `/Fedora/base/stage2.img` plus the size of the files in `/var/lib/rpm` on the installed system.

In practical terms the additional space requirements may range from as little as 90 MiB for a minimal installation to as much as an additional 175 MiB for a larger installation.

Additional space is also required for any user data and at least 5% free space should be maintained for proper system operation.

#### x86_64 குறிப்பீடுகள் Fedoraவுக்கு

இந்த பிரிவு Fedora பற்றிய குறிப்பிட்ட தகவல்களையும் x86_64 வன்பொருள் தளத்தையும் கொண்டுள்ளது.

##### x86_64க்கான வன்பொருள் தேவைகள்

In order to use specific features of Fedora 10 during or after installation, you may need to know details of other hardware components such as video and network cards.

###### x86_64க்கான நினைவக தேவைகள்

- குறைந்தபட்ச RAM உரை முறைமைக்கு: 256MiB

- குறைந்தபட்ச RAM வரைகலைக்கு: 384MiB

- பரிந்துரைக்கப்பட்ட RAM வரைகலைக்கு: 512MiB

###### x86_64க்கு தேவையான நிலைவட்டு இடம்

All of the packages from a DVD install can occupy over 9 GB of disk space. The final install size is determined by the installing spin and the packages selected during installation. Additional disk space is required during installation to support the installation environment. The additional disk space corresponds to the size of `/Fedora/base/stage2.img` plus the size of the files in `/var/lib/rpm` on the installed system.

In practical terms the additional space requirements may range from as little as 90 MiB for a minimal installation to as much as an additional 175 MiB for a larger installation.

Additional space is also required for any user data and at least 5% free space should be maintained for proper system operation.

#### PPC குறிப்பீடுகள் Fedoraவுக்கு

This section covers specific information about Fedora and the PPC (Power PC) hardware platform.

##### PPC தேவையான வன்பொருள்

###### செயலி மற்றும் நினைவகம்

- குறைந்தபட்ச CPU: PowerPC G3 / POWER3

- Fedora 10 supports the New World generation of Apple Power Macintosh, shipped from circa 1999 onward. Although Old World machines should work, they require a special bootloader which is not included in the Fedora distribution. Fedora has also been installed and tested on POWER5 and POWER6 machines.

- Fedora 10 supports pSeries and Cell Broadband Engine machines.

- Fedora 10 also supports the Sony PlayStation 3 and Genesi Pegasos II and Efika.

- Fedora 10 includes new hardware support for the P.A. Semiconductor 'Electra' machines.

- Fedora 10 also includes support for Terrasoft Solutions powerstation workstations.

- உரை முறைமைக்கான பரிந்துரைகள்: 233 MHz G3 அல்லது அதற்கு மேல், 128MiB RAM.

- Recommended for graphical: 400 MHz G3 or better, 256MiB RAM.

###### நிலைவட்டு இடம்

The complete packages can occupy over 9 GiB of disk space. Final size is entirely determined by the installing spin and the packages selected during installation. Additional disk space is required during installation to support the installation environment. This additional disk space corresponds to the size of `/Fedora/base/stage2.img` (on Installation Disc 1) plus the size of the files in `/var/lib/rpm` on the installed system.

In practical terms, additional space requirements may range from as little as 90 MiB for a minimal installation to as much as an additional 175 MiB for a larger installation.

Additional space is also required for any user data, and at least 5% free space should be maintained for proper system operation.

##### 4 KiB பக்கங்கள் 64-பிட் கணினிகளில்

After a brief experiment with 64KiB pages in Fedora Core 6, the PowerPC64 kernel has now been switched back to 4KiB pages. The installer should reformat any swap partitions automatically during an upgrade.

##### ஒரு ஆப்பிள் விசைப்பலகை

The Option key on Apple systems is equivalent to the Alt key on the PC. Where documentation and the installer refer to the Alt key, use the Option key. For some key combinations you may need to use the Option key in conjunction with the Fn key, such as OptionFnF3

to switch to virtual terminal tty3.

##### PPC நிறுவல் குறிப்புகள்

Fedora Installation Disc 1 is bootable on supported hardware. In addition, a bootable CD image appears in the `images/` directory of this disc. These images behave differently according to your system hardware:

- On most machines -- The bootloader automatically boots the appropriate 32-bit or 64-bit installer from the install disc.

- 64-bit IBM pSeries (POWER4/POWER5/POWER6), current iSeries models -- After using OpenFirmware to boot the CD, the bootloader, `yaboot`, automatically boots the 64-bit installer.

- IBM "Legacy" iSeries (POWER4) -- So-called "Legacy" iSeries models, which do not use OpenFirmware, require use of the boot image located in the `images/iSeries` directory of the installation tree.

- Genesi Pegasos II / Efika 5200B -- The Fedora kernel supports both Pegasos and Efika without the need to use the "Device Tree Supplement" from powerdeveloper.org. However, the lack of full support for ISO9660 in the firmware means that booting via yaboot from the CD is not possible. Boot the 'netboot' image instead, either from the CD or over the network. Because of the size of the image, you must set the firmware's `load-base` variable to load files at a high address such as 32MiB instead of the default 4MiB:

      	  setenv load-base 0x2000000

  At the OpenFirmware prompt, enter the following command to boot the Efika update, if necessary, or the netboot image from the CD:

      	  boot cd: /images/netboot/ppc32.img

  அல்லது பிணையத்திலிருந்து:

      	  boot eth ppc32.img

  You must also manually configure OpenFirmware to make the installed Fedora system bootable. To do this, set the `boot-device` and `boot-file` environment variables appropriately, to load `yaboot` from the `/boot` partition. For example, a default installation might require the following:

      setenv boot-device hd:0 setenv boot-file
      	    /yaboot/yaboot setenv auto-boot? true

- PA Semi Electra -- The Electra firmware does not yet support yaboot; to install on Electra, you can boot the `ppc64.img` netboot image. After the installation, you will need to manually configure the firmware to load the installed kernel and initrd from the `/boot` partition.

  Refer to the firmware documentation for further details.

- Sony PlayStation 3 -- For installation on PlayStation 3, first update to firmware 1.60 or later. The "Other OS" boot loader must be installed into the flash, following the instructions at . A suitable boot loader image can be found on Sony's "ADDON" CD, available from .

  Once the boot loader is installed, the PlayStation 3 should be able to boot from the Fedora install media. Please note that network installation works best with NFS, since that takes less memory than FTP or HTTP methods. Using the text option also reduces the amount of memory taken by the installer.

  For more info on Fedora and the PlayStation3 or Fedora on PowerPC in general, join the Fedora-PPC mailing list () or the #fedora-ppc channel on FreeNode (.)

- Network booting -- Combined images containing the installer kernel and ramdisk are located in the `images/netboot/` directory of the installation tree. They are intended for network booting with TFTP, but can be used in many ways.

  The `yaboot` loader supports TFTP booting for IBM pSeries and Apple Macintosh. The Fedora Project encourages the use of `yaboot` over the `netboot` images.

###### PPC குறிப்பிடும் தொகுப்புகள்

- The `ppc64-utils` package has been split out into individual packages reflecting upstream packaging (`ps3pf-utils`, `powerpc-utils`, `powerpc-utils-papr`.) Although the `mkzimage` command is no longer supplied, you can use the `wrapper` script from the `kernel-bootwrapper` package:

      wrapper -i initrd-${KERN_VERSION}.img -o
      	zImage-${KERN_VERSION}.img vmlinuz-${KERN_VERSION}

### X விண்டோ அமைப்பு - வரைகலை

இந்த பிரிவு X Window அமைப்பு செயல்படுத்தல், X.Org, ஆகியவற்றை Fedoraவுடன் கொண்டுள்ளது.

#### X கட்டமைப்பு மாற்றங்கள்

Fedora 10 uses the

    evdev

input driver as standard mouse and keyboard driver for the X server. This driver works with HAL to provide a persistent per-device configuration that allows devices to be added or removed at runtime.

#### மூன்றாம் நபர் வீடியோ இயக்கிகள்

Refer to the Xorg third-party drivers page for detailed guidelines on using third-party video drivers.

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Xorg/3rdPartyVideoDrivers

#### மூலங்கள்

http://who-t.blogspot.com/2008/07/input-configuration-in-nutshell.html -- Evdev கட்டமைப்பு.

### Fedora 10 துவக்க நேரம்

Fedora 10 includes multiple boot-time updates, including changes that allow for faster booting and graphic booting changes.

#### GRUB

The GRUB menu is no longer shown at startup, except on dual-boot systems. To bring up the GRUB menu, hold the Shift key before the kernel is loaded. (Any other key works but the Shift key is the safest to use.)

#### Plymouth

Plymouth is the graphical boot up system debuting with Fedora 10.

- Adding `rhgb` on the `grub` command line directs Plymouth to load the appropriate plugin for your hardware.

- The graphical boot splash screen that comes with Plymouth requires kernel mode setting drivers to work best. There are not kernel modesetting drivers available for all hardware yet. To see the graphical splash before the drivers are generally available, add `vga=0x318` to the kernel `grub` command line. This uses `vesafb`, which does not necessarily give the native resolution for a flat panel, and may cause flickering or other weird interactions with X. Without kernel modesetting drivers or `vga=0x318`, Plymouth uses a text-based plugin that is plain but functional.

- Currently, only Radeon R500 and higher users get kernel modesetting by default. There is work in progress to provide modesetting for R100 and R200. Additionally, Intel kernel modesetting drivers are in development, but not turned on by default.

- The kernel modesetting drivers are still in development and buggy. If you end up with nothing but a black screen during boot up, or a screen with nothing but random noise on it, then adding `nomodeset` to the kernel boot prompt in grub disables modesetting.

- Plymouth hides boot messages. To view boot messages, press the Esc key during boot, or view them in `/var/log/boot.log` after boot up. Alternatively, remove `rhgb` from the kernel command line and plymouth displays all boot messages. There is also a status icon on the login screen to view boot warnings.

#### விரைவு துவக்குதல்

Fedora 10 gets a faster boot from improvements in process start-up.

- Readahead is started in parallel with the boot process.

- Udev may appear to be slower but in fact readahead reads all disk buffers needed for the boot process in the background and shortens the whole boot process. Creation of the readahead file list is done monthly and can be triggered manually by touching `/.readahead_collect`. The configuration file `/etc/sysconfig/readahead` can be edited to turn off readahead-collector and/or readahead.

#### கர்னல் முறைமை அமைத்தல்

Kernel modesetting (KMS) can default to either enabled or disabled in the DRM driver and it can be enabled or disabled at boot-time.

- Both Plymouth and the DDX drivers detect whether KMS is present and enabled. If it is present and enabled, Plymouth and DDX drivers will take advantage of them.

- If KMS is not present or it is present but disabled then Plymouth will automatically fall back to the text splash and the DDX driver will automatically fall back to user-space modesetting.

- Allows for faster user switching, seamless X server switching, and graphical panic messages.

## பல்லூடகம் பற்றிய கருத்துக்கள்

### பல்லூடகம்

Fedora includes applications for assorted multimedia functions, including playback, recording, and editing. Additional packages are available through the Fedora Package Collection software repository. For additional information about multimedia in Fedora, refer to the Multimedia section of the Fedora Project website at .

#### பல்லூடக இயக்கிகள்

The default installation of Fedora includes Rhythmbox and Totem for media playback. Many other programs are available in the Fedora repositories, including the popular XMMS player and KDE's Amarok. Both GNOME and KDE have a selection of players that can be used with a variety of formats. Additional programs are available from third parties to handle other formats.

Totem, the default movie player for GNOME, now has the ability to switch playback back-ends without recompilation or switching packages. To install the Xine back-end, use Add/Remove Software to install `totem-xine` or run the following command:

          su -c 'yum install totem-xine'

Totem ஐ Xine back-endஆக இயக்க:

          su -c 'totem-backend -b xine totem'

முழு கணினிக்கும் xineஐ முன்னிருப்பு பின்தளமாக மாற்ற:

          su -c 'totem-backend -b xine'

While using the Xine back-end, it is possible to temporarily use the GStreamer back-end. To use the GStreamer back-end, run the following command:

          su -c 'totem-backend -b gstreamer'

#### Ogg மற்றும் Xiph.Org foundation வடிவங்கள்

Fedora includes complete support for the Ogg media container format and the Vorbis audio, Theora video, Speex audio, and FLAC lossless audio formats. These freely-distributable formats are not encumbered by patent or license restrictions. They provide powerful and flexible alternatives to more popular, restricted formats. The Fedora Project encourages the use of open source formats in place of restricted ones. For more information on these formats and how to use them, refer to:

- Xiph.Org அமைப்பு இல்

#### MP3, DVD, மற்றும் வேறு பல்லூடகங்கள் நீக்கப்பட்டது

Fedora cannot include support for MP3 or DVD video playback or recording. The MP3 formats are patented, and the patent holders have not provided the necessary licenses. DVD video formats are patented and equipped with an encryption scheme. The patent holders have not provided the necessary licenses, and the code needed to decrypt CSS-encrypted discs may violate the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, a copyright law of the United States. Fedora also excludes other multimedia software due to patent, copyright, or license restrictions, including Adobe's Flash Player and Real Media's Real Player. For more on this subject, please refer to .

While other MP3 options may be available for Fedora, Fluendo now offers an MP3 plugin for GStreamer that has the related patents licensed for end users. This plugin enables MP3 support in applications that use the GStreamer framework as a backend. We cannot distribute this plugin in Fedora for licensing reasons, but it offers a new solution for an old problem. For more information refer to these pages:

#### CD மற்றும் DVD உரிமம் மற்றும் எழுதுதல்

Default installations of Fedora and the Desktop Live spin include a built-in feature for CD and DVD burning. Fedora includes a variety of other tools for easily creating and burning CDs and DVDs. Fedora includes graphical programs such as Brasero, GnomeBaker, and K3b. Console programs including `wodim`, readom, and genisoimage. Graphical programs are found under Applications Sound & Video.

#### Screencasts

You can use Fedora to create and play back screencasts, which are recorded desktop sessions, using open technologies. Fedora includes `istanbul`, which creates screencasts using the Theora video format, and `byzanz`, which creates screencasts as animated GIF files. You can play back these videos using one of several players included in Fedora. This is the preferred way to submit screencasts to the Fedora Project for either contributors or end-users. For more comprehensive instructions, refer to the screencasting page:

#### கூடுதல் இணைப்பு மூலம் விரிவாக்கப்பட்ட சேவை

Most of the media players in Fedora support the use of plugins to add support for additional media formats and sound output systems. Some use powerful backends such as the `gstreamer` package to handle media format support and sound output. Fedora offers plugin packages for these backends and for individual applications, and third parties may offer additional plugins to add even greater capabilities.

#### அகச்சிவப்பு தொலை சேவை

A new graphical frontend to LIRC is provided by `gnome-lirc-properties`, making it easy to connect and configure infrared remote controls. LIRC is routinely used in multimedia applications to implement support for infrared remote controls, and using it in Rhythmbox and Totem should be as easy as plugging the remote receiver into your computer, then selecting Auto-detect in the Infrared Remote Control preferences.

If you had a previous setup with LIRC, it is recommended you regenerate the configuration files with `gnome-lirc-properties`. This is required so that a majority of applications work with your new setup.

மேலும் தகவலுக்கு வசதி பக்கத்தை பார்க்கவும்:

#### Glitch-free PulseAudio

The PulseAudio sound server has been rewritten to use timer-based audio scheduling instead of the traditional interrupt-driven approach. This is the approach that is taken by other systems such as Apple's CoreAudio and the Windows Vista audio subsystem. The timer-based audio scheduling has a number of advantages, including reduced power consumption, minimization of drop-outs, and flexible adjustment of the latency for the needs of the application.

#### SELinux Totem மற்றும் பிற GStreamer பயன்பாடுகளில் மறுக்கிறது

Users may experience SELinux denials while using Totem or other GStreamer applications to play multimedia content. The SELinux Troubleshooting tool may produce output similar to the following message:

    SELinux is preventing gst-install-plu from making the program stack executable.

This situation may occur when older versions of the Fluendo MP3 codecs are installed. To solve the issue, install the latest version of the Fluendo MP3 decoder plugin, which does not require an executable stack.

## பணிமேடை பயனர்களுக்கு புதிதாக என்ன இருக்கிறது

### Fedora பணிமேடை

இந்த பிரிவு விவரங்கள் Fedora வரைகலை பணிமேடை பயனர்களை பாதிக்கும்.

#### நல்ல வெப்கேம் சேவை

Fedora 10 வெப்கேம்களுக்கு மேம்பட்ட சேவையுடன் வருகிறது.

This support follows on the improvements to the UVC driver first introduced in Fedora 9 that added support for any webcam with a Windows Vista compliant logo. Fedora 10 features a new V4L2 version of `gspca`, a USB webcam driver framework with support for many different USB webcam bridges and sensors.

Userspace support for webcams has also been improved by adding libv4l and updating all webcam using applications to use libv4l. This support makes these applications understand the manufacturer specific and custom video formats emitted by many webcams, especially by many of the webcams supported by `gspca`.

For a list of all webcams and applications where Fedora 10's new webcam support has been tested refer to . For a list of all webcams supported by the original version of `gspca` refer to the original `gspca` website.

V4L2 பதிப்பு `gspca`க்கு Fedora 10இல் இந்த அனைத்து வெப்கேம்கள் மற்றும் பிறவற்றுக்கு சேவையளிக்கிறது.

#### Plymouth வரைகலை துவக்கும்

புதிய வரைகலை துவக்க முறைமை பற்றி தகவலுக்கு ஐ வாசிக்கவும்.

#### அகச்சிவப்பு தொலை சேவை

New to Fedora 10 is the `gnome-lirc-properties` package with a new graphical front-end for configuring LIRC to use with applications supporting the protocol. For more information refer to .

LIRC is routinely used in multimedia applications to implement support for infrared remote controls, and using it in Rhythmbox and Totem should be as easy as plugging the remote receiver into your computer, then selecting Auto-detect in the Infrared Remote Control preferences. Refer to the feature page for more information:

#### Bluetooth BlueZ 4.0

The Bluetooth support stack, called BlueZ (,) has been updated to version 4.x in Fedora 10. Most changes in this version are useful for application developers, but users can notice the new, easier to use wizard for setting up keyboards, mice, and other supported Bluetooth devices. There is also the ability to turn-off the Bluetooth adapter on most brands of laptops through the preferences. This new version will also allow better support for audio devices in the future, through PulseAudio.

Note that the default Bluetooth kernel driver was also switched to `btusb`, which cuts down power consumption compared to its predecessor `hci_usb`.

#### GNOME

இந்த வெளியீடு GNOME 2.24ஐ கொடுக்கிறது. மேலும் தகவலுக்கு:

##### Empathy உடனடி செய்தியாளர்

Empathy instant messenger is available in this release. It has support for multiple protocols including IRC, XMPP (Jabber), Yahoo, MSN, and others via plugins. It also supports video and voice in the XMPP protocol, with support for other protocols under active development. Empathy uses the `telepathy` framework that has a number of additional plugins:

- `telepathy-gabble` - Jabber/XMPP கூடுதல் இணைப்பு

- `telepathy-idle` - IRC கூடுதல் இணைப்பு

- `telepathy-butterfly` - MSN கூடுதல் இணைப்பு

- `telepathy-sofiasip` - SIP கூடுதல் இணைப்பு

- `telepathy-haze` - Libpurple (Pidgin) library connection manager provides support for other protocols such as Yahoo

Pidgin continues to be available in the Fedora software repository and is retained as the default for users upgrading from previous releases of Fedora.

##### GNOME காட்சி மேலாளர்

The GNOME Display Manager (gdm) has been updated to the latest upstream code, which is a complete rewrite driven by Fedora developers. PolicyKit can be used to control shutdown and reboot. The configuration tool `gdmsetup` is missing currently, and is set to be replaced. For configuration changes, refer to:

##### Codec நிறுவல் உதவியாளர்

The GStreamer codec installation helper `codeina` was replaced by a PackageKit-based solution for Fedora 10. When Totem, Rhythmbox, or another GStreamer application require a plugin to read a film or song, a PackageKit dialog appears, allowing the user to search for the necessary package in the configured repositories.

வசதி பக்கத்தில் மேலும் விவரங்கள் உள்ளன:

#### KDE

This release features KDE 4.1.2. As the `kdevelop` packages is not part of KDE 4.1 and `kdewebdev` is only partially available (no Quanta) in KDE 4.1, the KDE 3.5.10 versions of those packages are shipped. A `kdegames3` package containing the games not yet ported to KDE 4 is also available.

KDE 4.1 is the latest release of KDE 4 and provides several new features, many usability improvements, and bugfixes over KDE 4.0, the first KDE 4 release series. This new release includes a folder view desktop applet (Plasmoid), improvements to Dolphin and Konqueror and many new and improved applications. KDE 4.1.2 is a bugfix release from the KDE 4.1 release series.

Fedora 10 does not include the legacy KDE 3 Desktop. It does include a compatibility KDE 3 Development Platform, which can be used to build and run KDE 3 applications within KDE 4 or any other desktop environment. Refer to the section for more details about what is included.

Fedora 10 includes a snapshot of `knetworkmanager`, which works with the prerelease of NetworkManager 0.7 in Fedora 10. As it was not considered ready for production use, the KDE Live images use `nm-applet` from `NetworkManager-gnome` instead (as in Fedora 8 and 9). The gnome-keyring-daemon facility saves passwords for these encryption technologies. If you wish to try `knetworkmanager`, it can be installed from the repository.

As the native KWin window manager now optionally supports compositing and desktop effects, the KDE Live images no longer include Compiz/Beryl (since Fedora 9). The KWin compositing/effects mode is disabled by default, but can be enabled in systemsettings. Compiz (with KDE 4 integration) is available from the repository by installing the `compiz-kde` package.

##### விரிவாக்கங்கள்

- Plasma is more mature and panel configuration has been extended. The new panel controller makes it easy to customize your panel providing direct visual feedback. The Plasma `folderview` applet provides a view of a directory and thus allows you to store files on the desktop. It is replaces other well known icons on the desktop.

##### தொகுப்பு மற்றும் பயன்பாட்டு மாற்றங்கள்

- Fedora 10 `kdepim`ஐ 3.5.xக்கு பதிலாக 4.1.2ஐ கொடுக்கிறது.

- `libkipi`, `libkexiv2`, and `libkdcraw` have been obsoleted by the KDE 4 versions in the `kdegraphics` package. Accordingly, `kipi-plugins`, `digikam`, and `kphotoalbum` have been updated to KDE 4 versions.

- `kpackagekit`, a KDE frontend to PackageKit, is now available. (It may be made available as an update for Fedora 9 at a later time.)

In addition, the following changes made since the Fedora 9 release, which have been backported to Fedora 9 updates, are also part of Fedora 10:

- KDE பதிப்பு 4.0.3 லிருந்து 4.1.2க்கு மேம்படுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளது.

- `qt` மற்றும் `PyQt4` ஆகியவை 4.3 இலிருந்து 4.4க்கு மேம்படுத்தப்பட்டது.

- `kdewebdev`, `kdevelop`, `kdegames3`, and the KDE 3 backwards-compatibility libraries have been upgraded from KDE 3.5.9 to 3.5.10.

- QtWebKit is now part of the `qt` package. The stand alone `WebKit-qt` package has been obsoleted.

- The new package `qgtkstyle` contains a Qt 4 style using GTK+ for drawing, providing better integration of Qt 4 and KDE 4 applications into GNOME.

- The phonon library, which was part of `kdelibs` in Fedora 9, is now a separate package. An optional GStreamer backend (`phonon-backend-gstreamer`) is now available, but the xine-lib backend, which is now packaged as `phonon-backend-xine`, is still the recommended default backend and is now required by the `phonon` package.

- The `kdegames3` package no longer provides development support for the KDE 3 version of `libkdegames` because nothing in Fedora outside of `kdegames3` itself requires that library any longer.

- தொகுப்பு `okteta` இப்போது `kdeutils`இன் பகுதியாகும்.

- தொகுப்பு `dragonplayer` இப்போது `kdemultimedia`இன் பகுதியாகும்.

- நிரல் `kaider` Lokalizeஎன பெயர் மாற்றப்பட்டு இப்போது `kdesdk`இன் பகுதியாக உள்ளது.

- தொகுப்பு `ksirk` KDE 4 இல் சேர்க்கப்பட்டு இப்போது `kdegames`இன் பகுதியாக உள்ளது.

- The package `extragear-plasma` has been renamed to `kdeplasma-addons`.

#### LXDE

This release of Fedora comes with an additional desktop environment named LXDE. LXDE is a new project that provides a lightweight, fast desktop environment designed to be usable and slim enough to keep resource usage low. To install the LXDE environment, use the Add/Remove Software tool or run:

    su -c 'yum groupinstall LXDE'

If you only need the base components of LXDE, install the lxde-common package:

    su -c 'yum install lxde-common'

#### Sugar பணிமேடை

The Sugar Desktop originated with the OLPC initiative. It allows for Fedora users and developers to do the following.

- ஒன்றிணைக்கப்பட்ட சூழலில் உருவாக்குதல்

- Test out Sugar on an existing Fedora system by selecting the Sugar environment from their display manager.

- Developers interested in working on the Sugar interface or writing activities can have a development platform without needing an XO laptop.

#### இணைய உலாவிகள்

##### ஃபிளாஷ் கூடுதல் இணைப்பை செயல்படுத்தல்

Fedora includes `swfdec` and `gnash`, which are free and open source implementations of Flash. We encourage you to try either of them before seeking out Adobe's proprietary Flash Player plugin software. The Adobe Flash Player plugin uses a legacy sound framework that does not work correctly without additional support. Run the following command to enable this support:

          su -c 'yum install libflashsupport'

If you are using Flash 10, you do not need `libflashsupport` anymore as the usage of ALSA has been fixed in this version.

Users of Fedora x86_64 must install the `nspluginwrapper.i386` package to enable the 32-bit Adobe Flash Player plug-in in Firefox, and the `libflashsupport.i386` package to enable sound from the plugin.

`nspluginwrapper.i386`, `nspluginwrapper.x86_64`, மற்றும் `libflashsupport.i386` தொகுப்புகளை நிறுவவும்:

    su -c 'yum install nspluginwrapper.{i386,x86_64} libflashsupport.i386'

`flash-plugin`ஐ `nspluginwrapper.i386`ஐ நிறுவிய பின் நிறுவவும்:

    	su -c 'yum install libflashsupport'

`mozilla-plugin-config`ஐ ஃபிளாஷ் கூடுதல் இணைப்பை பதிவு செய்ய இயக்கு:

    	su -c 'mozilla-plugin-config -i -g -v'

Close all Firefox windows, and then relaunch Firefox. Type `about:plugins` in the URL bar to ensure the plugin is loaded.

##### கணினி ஸ்பீக்கரை செயல்நீக்குதல்

PC speaker is enabled by default in Fedora. If you do not prefer this, there are two ways to circumvent the sounds:

- Reduce its volume to a acceptable level or completely mute the PC speaker in `alsamixer` with the setting for PC Speak.

- Disable the PC speaker system wide by running the following commands in a console:

      	    su -c 'modprobe -r pcspkr' su -c 'echo "install pcspkr :" >> /etc/modprobe.conf'

### பிணையம்

இந்த பிரிவு Fedora 10இன் பிணைய மாற்றங்களை பற்றிய தகவலை கொண்டுள்ளது.

#### வடமில்லா இணைப்பு பகிர்தல்

The NetworkManager applet `nm-applet` has been updated to provide better connection sharing through the Create New Wireless Network menu item.

Connection sharing makes it possible to easily set up an ad-hoc WiFi network on a machine with a network connection and a spare wireless card. If the machine has a primary network connection (wired, 3G, second wireless card), routing is set up so that devices connected to the ad-hoc WiFi network can share the connection to the outside network.

When you create a new WiFi network, you have to specify the name of the network and what kind of wireless security to use. NetworkManager then sets up the wireless card to work as an ad-hoc WiFi node that others can join. The routing will be set up between the new network and the primary network connection, and DHCP is used for assigning IP addresses on the new shared WiFi network. DNS queries are also forwarded to upstream nameservers transparently.

### அச்சிடுதல்

The print manager (`system-config-printer` or System Administration Printing) user interface has been overhauled to look friendlier and be more in line with modern desktop applications. The `system-config-printer` application no longer needs to be run as the root user.

வேறு மாற்றங்கள்:

- The configuration tool window has been made easier to use. Double-clicking on a printer icon opens a properties dialog window. This replaces the old behavior of a list of printer names on the left and properties for the selected printer on the right.

- The CUPS authentication dialog selects the appropriate user-name and allows it to be altered mid-operation.

- When the configuration tool is running, the list of printers is updated dynamically.

- All jobs queued for a specific printer can be seen by right-clicking on a printer icon and selecting View Print Queue. To see jobs queued on several printers, select the desired printers first before right-clicking. To see all jobs, right-click with no printers selected.

- The job monitoring tool displays a message when a job has failed. The message indicates whether the printer has been stopped as a result shown in the message. A Diagnose button starts the trouble-shooter.

- The job monitoring tool now performs proxy authentication. A submitted job that requires authentication on the CUPS backend now displays an authentication dialog so the job can proceed.

- The print status dialog (for GTK+) gives more feedback about the status of printers. For example, printers that are out of paper show a small warning emblem on their icon. Paused printers also show an emblem, and printers that are rejecting jobs are shown as grayed-out to signify they are not available.

### தொகுப்பு குறிப்புகள்

The following sections contain information regarding software packages that have undergone significant changes for Fedora 10. For easier access, they are generally organized using the same groups that are shown in the installation system.

#### GIMP

Fedora 10 includes version 2.6 of the GNU Image Manipulation Program.

This new version is designed to be backwards compatible, so existing third party plug-ins and scripts should continue to work, with a minor caveat. The included Script-Fu Scheme interpreter no longer accepts variable definitions without an initial value, which is not compliant to the language standard. Scripts included in Fedora packages should not have this problem, but if you use scripts from other sources, please refer to the GIMP release notes for more details and how you can fix scripts that have this problem:

Additionally, the `gimptool` script that is used to build and install third party plug-ins and scripts has been moved from the `gimp` package to the `gimp-devel` package. Install this package if you want to use `gimptool`.

#### சட்ட தகவல்கள்

The following legal information concerns some software in Fedora.

Portions Copyright © 2002-2007 Charlie Poole or Copyright © 2002-2004 James W. Newkirk, Michael C. Two, Alexei A. Vorontsov or Copyright © 2000-2002 Philip A. Craig

### பன்னாட்டு மொழி சேவை

This section includes information on language support under Fedora.

- Localization (translation) of Fedora is coordinated by the Fedora Localization Project --

- Internationalization of Fedora is maintained by the Fedora I18n Project --

#### உள்ளடக்க மொழி

Fedora features a variety of software that is translated in many languages. For a list of languages refer to the translation statistics for the Anaconda module, which is one of the core software applications in Fedora.

##### மொழி சேவை நிறுவல்

To install langpacks and additional language support from the Languages group, run this command:

    	su -c 'yum groupinstall
    	  <language>-support'

In the command above, `<language>` is the actual language name, such as `assamese`, `bengali`, `chinese`, and so on.

SCIM users upgrading from earlier releases of Fedora are strongly urged to install `scim-bridge-gtk`, which works well with third-party C++ applications linked against older versions of `libstdc++`.

##### Transifex

Transifex is Fedora's online tool to facilitate contributing translations to projects hosted on remote and disparate version control systems. Many of the core packages use Transifex to receive translations from numerous contributors.

Through a combination of new web tools (), community growth, and better processes, translators can contribute directly to any upstream project through one translator-oriented web interface. Developers of projects with no existing translation community can easily reach out to Fedora's established community for translations. In turn, translators can reach out to numerous projects related to Fedora to easily contribute translations.

#### எழுத்துருக்கள்

Fonts for most languages are installed by default on the desktop to give good default language coverage.

##### Default language for Han Unification

When not using an Asian locale in GTK-based applications, Chinese characters (that is, Chinese Hanzi, Japanese Kanji, or Korean Hanja) may render with a mixture of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean fonts depending on the text. This happens when Pango does not have sufficient context to know which language is being used. The current default font configuration seems to prefer Chinese fonts. If you normally want to use Japanese or Korean say, you can tell Pango to use it by default by setting the `PANGO_LANGUAGE` environment variable. For example ...

    	export PANGO_LANGUAGE=ja

... tells Pango rendering to assume Japanese text when it has no other indications.

##### ஜப்பானிய

The `fonts-japanese` package has been renamed to `japanese-bitmap-fonts`.

##### கமீர்

Khmer OS Fonts `khmeros-fonts` have been added to Fedora for Khmer coverage in this release.

##### கொரியன்

The `un-core-fonts` packages replaces `baekmuk-ttf-fonts` as the new Hangul default fonts.

##### மாற்றங்களின் மொத்த பட்டியல்

All fonts changes are listed on their dedicated page:

###### Fedora லினக்ஸிலுள்ள எழுத்துருக்கள்

The Fonts SIG () takes loving care of Fedora Linux fonts (). Please join this special interest group if you are interested in creating, improving, packaging, or just suggesting a font. Any help is appreciated.

#### உள்ளீடு முறைகள்

There is a new `yum` group called `input-methods` and input methods for many languages are now installed by default. This allows turning on the default input method system and immediately having the standard input methods for most languages available. It also brings normal installs in line with Fedora Live.

##### im-chooser மற்றும் imsettings

It is now possible to start and stop the use of input methods during runtime thanks to the `imsettings` framework. The `GTK_IM_MODULE` environment variable is no longer needed by default but can still be used to override the `imsettings`.

ஒரு ஆசிய மொழியில் உள்ளீடு முறைகள் முன்னிருப்பாக பணிமேடையில் இயங்கும். தற்போதைய மொழி பட்டியல்: `as`, `bn`, `gu`, `hi`, `ja`, `kn`, `ko`, `ml`, `mr`, `ne`, `or`, `pa`, `si`, `ta`, `te`, `th`, `ur`, `vi`, `zh`. `im-chooser` ஐ கணினிமுன்னுரிமைகள்தனிப்பட்டவைஉள்ளீடு முறை வழியாக உங்கள் பணிமேடையில் உள்ளீடு முறையை செயல்படுத்தல் அல்லது செயல்நீக்கம் செய்யலாம்.

##### புதிய `ibus` உள்ளீடு முறை அமைப்பு

Fedora 10 includes `ibus`, a new input method system that has been developed to overcome some of the limitations of `scim`. It may become the default input method system in Fedora 11.

இது ஏற்கனவே பல உள்ளீடு முறைமை எந்திரம் மற்றும் immoduleகளையும் கொண்டுள்ளது:

- `ibus-anthy` (ஜப்பானியம்)

- `ibus-chewing` (மரபு சீனம்)

- `ibus-gtk` (GTK immodule)

- `ibus-hangul` (கொரியன்)

- `ibus-m17n` (இந்திய மொழி மற்றும் பிற மொழிகள்)

- `ibus-pinyin` (எளிய சீனம்)

- `ibus-qt` (Qt immodule)

- `ibus-table` (சீனம், முதலியவை)

We encourage people to install `ibus`, test it for their language, and report any problems.

#### இந்திய விசைப்பலகை திரை

Fedora 10 includes `iok`, an onscreen virtual keyboard for Indian languages, which allows input using Inscript keymap layouts and other 1:1 key mappings. For more information refer to the homepage:

#### இந்திய வரிசைப்படுத்தும் சேவை

Fedora 10 includes sorting support for Indic languages. This support fixes listing and order of menus in these languages, representing them in sorted order and making it easy to find desired elements.

இந்த மொழிகள் இந்த சேவையில் சேர்க்கப்பட்டுள்ளன:

- குஜராத்தி

- இந்தி

- கன்னடம்

- காஷ்மீரி

- கொங்கினி

- மேத்லி

- மராத்தி

- நேபாளி

- பஞ்சாபி

- சிந்தி

- தெலுங்கு

## விளையாடுபவர்கள், விஞ்ஞானிகள் மற்றும் பொழுதுபோக்காளர்களுக்கு என்ன இருக்கிறது

### விளையாட்டுகள் மற்றும் பொழுதுபோக்கு

Fedora provides a selection of games that cover a variety of genres. Users can install a small package of games for GNOME (`gnome-games`) and KDE (`kdegames`). There are also many additional games that span every major genre available in the repositories.

The Fedora Project website features a section dedicated to games that details many of the available games, including overviews and installation instructions. For more information, refer to:

For a list of other games that are available for installation, select Applications Add/Remove Software, or via the command line:

        yum groupinfo "Games and Entertainment"

For help using `yum` to install the assorted game packages, refer to the guide available at:

### பொழுதுபோக்கு ரேடியோ

Fedora 10 includes a number of applications and libraries that are of interest to amateur radio operators and electronic hobbyists. Many of these applications are included in the Fedora Electronic Lab spin. Fedora also includes a number of VLSI and IC design tools.

- Sound card mode applications include `fldigi`, `gpsk31`, `gmfsk`, `lpsk31`, `xfhell`, and `xpsk31`.

- The `gnuradio` package is a software defined radio framework.

- The `aprsd` and `xastir` packages provide APRS capabilities.

- The gEDA suite consists of an integrated set of schematics applications for capture, net listing, circuit simulation, and PCB layout.

- The `gspiceui`, `ngspice`, and `gnucap` packages provide circuit simulation capabilities.

There are a variety of other tools for learning Morse code, orbit prediction and tracking satellites, producing schematic diagrams and PCB artwork, amateur radio logbook keeping, and other applications of interest to amateur radio and electronics enthusiasts.

## பெரிய பயனர்களுக்கு வசதிகள் மற்றும் பிழைத்திருத்தங்கள்

### சேவையக கருவிகள்

This section highlights changes and additions to the various GUI server and system configuration tools in Fedora 10.

#### முதலுதவி பெட்டி

Firstaidkit is a fully automated recovery application that makes subsystem recovery easier for technical and non-technical users. Firstaidkit is designed to automatically fix problems while focusing on maintaining user data integrity. It is available in rescue mode, on the Fedora Live CD, and on running systems.

- திட்டத்தின் இணைய தளம் --

### கோப்பு முறைமைகள்

#### eCryptfs

Fedora 10 builds on the encrypted file system support that debuted in Fedora 9, and fixes a number of problems that could have resulted in data corruption.

#### EXT4

Fedora 9 featured a preview of ext4 support. Fedora 10 brings a fully ext4-compatible `e2fsprogs`. In addition, the Anaconda partition screen has an ext4 file system option available if you start the installer with the `ext4` option at the boot prompt. Fedora 10 also includes delayed allocation for ext4. However, ext4 in Fedora 10 does not currently support file systems larger than 16 TiB.

#### XFS

XFS is now a supported file system and an option within the partitioning screen of Anaconda.

## வல்லுனர்களுக்கு புதிதாக என்ன உள்ளது

### இயக்க நேரம்

#### Python NSS பைண்டிங்

Python bindings for NSS/NSPR allow Python programs to utilize the NSS cryptographic libraries for SSL/TLS and PKI certificate management. The `python-nss` package provides a Python binding to the NSS and NSPR support libraries.

Network Security Services (NSS) is a set of libraries supporting security-enabled client and server applications. Applications built with NSS can support SSL v2 and v3, TLS, PKCS #5, PKCS #7, PKCS #11, PKCS #12, S/MIME, X.509 v3 certificates and other security standards. NSS has received FIPS 140 validation from NIST.

- -- நூலக ஆவணம்

### ஜாவா

#### Best of breed free software Java implementation

Fedora includes multiple best of breed free software Java(TM) implementations, obtained through active adoption of innovative technology integrations produced by Fedora and others within upstream projects. The implementations integrated into Fedora are based on OpenJDK () and the IcedTea GNU/Linux distribution integration project (), or based on alternatives such as the GNU Compiler for Java (GCJ - and the GNU Classpath core class libraries (). All Fedora innovations are pushed upstream to get the widest possible integration of the technologies in general Java implementations.

The implementation of OpenJDK 6 included in Fedora 10 uses the HotSpot virtual machine runtime compiler on x86, x86_64, and SPARC. On PowerPC (PPC) it uses the zero interpreter, which is slower. On all architectures an alternative implementation based on GCJ and GNU Classpath is included that includes an ahead-of-time compiler to produce native binaries.

Fedora binaries for selected architectures (currently only x86 and x86_64 based on OpenJDK) are tested against the Java Compatibility Kit (JCK) by Red Hat to guarantee 100% compatibility with the Java Specification (JDK 1.6 at this time).

#### Handling Java Applets and web start applications

In Fedora 10 `gcjwebplugin` has been replaced by `IcedTeaPlugin`, which runs untrusted applets safely in a Web browser and works on any architecture. You can see which Applet Plugin is installed by typing `about:plugins` in Firefox. The new plugin adds support for the JavaScript bridge (LiveConnect) that was missing from earlier versions. For more details on the bytecode-to-JavaScript bridge (LiveConnect), refer to the bug report:

Feedback on the security policy is appreciated. If you suspect the security policy may be too restrictive to enable restricted applets, follow this procedure:

- Run the `firefox -g` command in a terminal window to see what is being restricted.

- Then grant the restricted permission in the `/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.6.0-openjdk-1.6.0.0/jre/lib/security/java.policy` file.

- File a bug report, so your exception can be included in the packaged security policy. Packaging these exceptions allows system owners to avoid having to hack the policy file in the future.

Experimental Web Start (`javaws`) support via NetX has been added to the IcedTea repository. When a Java Network Launching Protocol (`.jnlp`) file is embedded on a web page you can open it with the IcedTea Web Start (`/usr/bin/javaws`). For more information on NetX, refer to:

#### New integration with other Fedora technologies

Through the IcedTea project, OpenJDK has been integrated with several new technologies that are also part of Fedora 10.

##### VisualVM NetBeans சட்ட வேலை வழியாக ஒருங்கிணைக்கப்படுகிறது

VisualVM (`jvisualvm`) provides a graphical overview of any local or remotely running Java application, letting you monitor all running threads, classes, and objects allocated by the application by taking thread dumps, heap dumps, and other lightweight profiling tools.

##### PulseAudio `javax.sound`க்கு ஒருங்கிணைக்கப்படுகிறது

PulseAudio integrations provides all the benefits of PulseAudio to any java application using the `javax.sound` package.

##### Mozilla Rhino ஒருங்கிணைப்பு - JavaScript

Rhino is a pure-Java JavaScript implementation from Mozilla providing an easy mixing of Java and JavaScript for developers using the `javax.script` package.

##### வேறு வளர்ச்சிகள்

Also in Fedora 10 Java cryptography (`javax.crypto`) is fully supported without any (regional) restrictions.

#### Fedora மற்றும் JPackage

Fedora 10 JPackage திட்டத்திலிருந்து பல தொகுப்புகளை எடுக்கிறது.

Some of these packages are modified in Fedora to remove proprietary software dependencies, and to make use of GCJ's ahead-of-time compilation feature. Use the Fedora repositories to update these packages, or use the JPackage repository for packages not provided by Fedora. Refer to the JPackage website for more information about the project and the software it provides.

##### Fedora மற்றும் JPackageஇலிருந்து தொகுப்புகளை

Research package compatibility before you install software from both the Fedora and JPackage repositories on the same system. Incompatible packages may cause complex issues.

#### Note on upgrading from Fedora 8 - OpenJDK Replaces IcedTea

Since Fedora 9 the packages called `java-1.7.0-icedtea*` in Fedora 8 have been renamed to `java-1.6.0-openjdk*`. The Fedora 8 IcedTea packages tracked the unstable OpenJDK 7 branch, whereas the `java-1.6.0-openjdk*` packages track the stable OpenJDK 6 branch. All the upstream IcedTea sources are included in the `java-1.6.0-openjdk` SRPM.

If you are upgrading from a system based on Fedora 8 that still has IcedTea installed, the package changeover does not happen automatically. The packages related to IcedTea based on OpenJDK 7 must first be erased, then the new OpenJDK 6 packages installed.

          su -c 'yum erase java-1.7.0-icedtea{,-plugin}' su -c 'yum install java-1.6.0-openjdk{,-plugin}'

Upgrading from Fedora 9 does not require special action.

### கருவிகள்

This section covers various development tools and features.

#### Eclipse

This release of Fedora includes Fedora Eclipse, based on the Eclipse SDK version 3.4. The 3.4 series of releases has a "What's New in 3.4" page:

வெளியீட்டு அறிக்கை 3.4க்கு குறிப்பிட்டதும் கிடைக்கிறது.

Some of the notable features in 3.4 include a number of improvements in handling bookmarks, easier ways to find and install plug-ins, and additional help with refactoring.

##### கூடுதல் இணைப்புகள்

Fedoraவின் இந்த வெளியீடு C/C++ (`eclipse-cdt`), RPM குறிப்பிட்ட தொகுப்பு (`eclipse-rpm-editor`), PHP (`eclipse-phpeclipse`), Subversion (`eclipse-subclipse`), SELinux (`eclipse-slide`) மற்றும் (`eclipse-setools`), இயல்பான சோதனை (`eclipse-quickrex`), Fortran (`eclipse-photran`), Bugzilla integration (`eclipse-mylyn`), Git (`eclipse-egit`), Perl (`eclipse-epic`), Checkstyle (`eclipse-checkstyle`), மற்றும் Python (`eclipse-pydev`) ஆகியவற்றுக்கு கூடுதல் இணைப்பை தருகிறது.

##### Babel திட்டத்திற்கான மொழிபெயர்ப்புகள் - eclipse-nls

This release also includes the Babel language packs, which provide translations for Eclipse and Eclipse plugins in a number of languages. Note that some of the languages have very low coverage: even if you have the translations installed, you will probably still see many strings in English. The Babel project accepts contributions if you would like to help their translation efforts.

##### Fedora 9இலிருந்து மேம்படுத்தல்

Users upgrading from Eclipse 3.3 will need to migrate any plug-ins they have installed from sources other than RPMs. The simplest way to do this is to re-install. For plug-in developers migrating from 3.3, refer to the "Plug-in Migration Guide":

#### Emacs

Fedora 10 Emacs 22.2ஐ சேர்க்கிறது.

In addition to many bugfixes, Emacs 22.2 includes new support for the Bazaar, Mercurial, Monotone, and Git version control systems, new major modes for editing CSS, Vera, Verilog, and BibTeX style files, and improved scrolling support in Image mode.

Emacs செய்திகளை இந்த வெளியீட்டுக்கு கூடுதல் விளக்கத்திற்கு பார்க்கவும் ().

#### GCC கம்பைலர் சேகரிப்பு

Fedoraவின் இந்த வெளியீடு GCC 4.3.2 உடன் உருவாக்கப்பட்டது, இது இந்த விநியோகத்துடன் சேர்க்கப்பட்டுள்ளது.

GCC 4.3 பற்றிய மேலும் தகவலுக்கு:

##### இலக்கு குறிப்பீடு வளர்ச்சிகள்

###### IA-32 x86-64

ABI மாற்றங்கள்

- Starting with GCC 4.3.1, decimal floating point variables are aligned to their natural boundaries when they are passed on the stack for i386.

கட்டளைவரி மாற்றங்கள்

- Starting with GCC 4.3.1, the `-mcld` option has been added to automatically generate a `cld` instruction in the prologue of functions that use string instructions. This option is used for backward compatibility on some operating systems and can be enabled by default for 32-bit x86 targets by configuring GCC with the `--enable-cld` configure option.

#### மேம்படுத்தப்பட்ட Haskell சேவை

Fedora 10 introduces better support for Haskell. With a new set of packaging guidelines and tools, it is incredibly easy to support any Haskell program using the Glasgow Haskell Compiler. Package creation and deployment, leveraging Fedora's quality tools plus a few new friends has never been easier. As support for Haskell grows there will be continued development for Haskell as more libraries are introduced.

Package creation is quite simple. Haskell already provides the infrastructure for compiling and deploying packages consistently. Setting up a package for Fedora takes very little time, meaning code that works in Haskell works in Fedora too.

Fedora also provides tools for enterprise deployment of Fedora packages. With the inclusion of Haskell in Fedora, the developer is now free to write enterprise level applications in Haskell and feel secure knowing the code can be used in Fedora.

#### Extended Objective CAML OCaml Coverage

Fedora 10 contains the OCaml 3.10.2 advanced programming language and a very comprehensive list of packages:

OCaml was available as an update to Fedora 9 but not in the initial release.

#### NetBeans

This release of Fedora includes NetBeans IDE, version 6.1. NetBeans IDE is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for Java, C/C++, Ruby, PHP, etc. Default configuration of the NetBeans IDE (Java SE IDE configuration) supports development of programs for the Java platform, Standard Edition (Java SE), including development of the modules for the NetBeans Platform.

The NetBeans IDE is a modular system and includes facilities for updating and installing plugins. There is a wide spectrum of plugins for the NetBeans IDE that are provided by community members and third-party companies.

##### NetBean மூலங்கள்

- - NetBeans திட்டத்தின் அதிகாரப்பூர்வ இணையதளம்.

- - NetBeans விக்கி பக்கங்கள்.

- - தொகுப்பு சிக்கல்களுக்கான மின்னஞ்சல் குழு.

- - NetBeans IDEக்கான பிழை பட்டியல்.

- - NetBeans தளத்திற்கான பிழை பட்டியல்.

- - Issue Tracker of the NetBeans project. Please, use Component: installer, OS: Linux, Subcomponent: rpm to file the issues related to the NetBeans RPMs.

#### AMQP வடிவாக்கம்

The AMQP Infrastructure package is a subset of the Red Hat Enterprise MRG. The package allows for development of scalable, interoperable, and high-performance enterprise applications.

More specifically it consists of the following.

- AMQP (நெறிமுறை பதிப்பு 0-10) செய்தி வெளியீடும் தரகர்/சேவையகம்

- Client bindings for C++, Python, and Java (using the JMS interface)

- A set of command line interface configuration/management utilities

- A high-performance asynchronous message store for durable messages and messaging configuration.

##### AMQP மூலங்கள்

For more information refer to the following resources:

- Red Hat MRG ஆவணமாக்கம்:

- AMQP திட்ட இணையதளம்:

#### Appliance உருவாக்கும் கருவிகள்

Appliances are pre-installed and pre-configured system images. This package includes tools and meta-data that make it easier for ISVs, developers, OEMS, etc. to create and deploy virtual appliances. The two components of this feature are the ACT (Appliance Creation Tool) and the AOS (The Appliance Operating System). Install the `appliance-tools` package with Add/Remove Software or `` yum.

##### Appliance உருவாக்கும் கருவி

The Appliance Creation Tool is a tool that creates Appliance Images from a kickstart file. This tool uses the Live CD creator API as well as patches to the Live CD API that allow for the creation of multi-partitioned disk images. These disk images can then be booted in a virtual container such as Xen, KVM, and VMware. This tool is included in the `appliance-tools` package. This package contains tools for building appliance images on Fedora based systems including derived distributions such as RHEL, CentOS, and others.

##### Appliance இயக்கத்தளம்

The Appliance Operating System is a scaled down version of Fedora with a small footprint. It contains only the packages necessary to run an appliance. The hardware supported by this spin of Fedora would be limited, primarily focusing on virtual containers such as KVM and VMware. The goal is to create a base on which developers can build their applications, only pulling in packages that their software requires.

##### Appliance உருவாக்கும் கருவிகள் மூலங்கள்

Appliance கருவி திட்ட இணைய தளம்:

### லினக்ஸ் கர்னல்

#### நீக்கப்பட்ட அல்லது காலாவதியான உள்ளடக்கம்?

This content may be deprecated or out of date, it has not been updated since the Fedora 9 release notes.

This section covers changes and important information regarding the 2.6.27 based kernel in Fedora 10.

#### பதிப்பு

Fedora may include additional patches to the kernel for improvements, bug fixes, or additional features. For this reason, the Fedora kernel may not be line-for-line equivalent to the so-called vanilla kernel from the kernel.org web site:

To obtain a list of these patches, download the source RPM package and run the following command against it:

          rpm -qpl kernel-<version>.src.rpm

#### Changelog

To retrieve a log of changes to the package, run the following command:

          rpm -q --changelog kernel-<version>

If you need a user friendly version of the changelog, refer to . A short and full diff of the kernel is available from . The Fedora version kernel is based on the Linus tree.

Customizations made for the Fedora version are available from .

#### கர்னல் மாதிரிகள்

Fedora 10 பின்வரும் கர்னல் உருவாக்கங்களை கொண்டுள்ளது:

- Native kernel, for use in most systems. Configured sources are available in the `kernel-devel` package.

- The kernel-PAE, for use in 32-bit x86 systems with more than 4GB of RAM, or with CPUs that have a NX (No eXecute) feature. This kernel support both uniprocessor and multi-processor systems. Configured sources are available in the `kernel-PAE-devel` package.

- Debugging kernel, for use in debugging some kernel issues. Configured sources are available in the `kernel-debug-devel` package.

You may install kernel headers for all four kernel flavors at the same time. The files are installed in the `/usr/src/kernels/<version>[-PAE|-xen|-kdump]-<arch>/` tree. Use the following command:

          su -c 'yum install kernel{,-PAE,-xen,-kdump}-devel'

Select one or more of these flavors, separated by commas and no spaces, as appropriate. Enter the root password when prompted.

##### x86 கர்னல் Kdumpஐ கொண்டுள்ளது

Both the x86_64 and the i686 kernels are relocatable, so they no longer require a separate kernel for kdump capability. PPC64 still requires a separate kdump kernel.

##### பகுதி மெய்நிகராக்கத்தை கர்னல் கொண்டுள்ளது

Both the x86_64 and the i686 kernels contain `paravirt_ops` support and no longer require a separate kernel for running under a Xen hypervisor. For more information, refer to .

##### முன்னிருப்பு கர்னல் SMPஐ கொடுக்கிறது

There is no separate SMP kernel available for Fedora on i386, x86_64, and ppc64. Multiprocessor support is provided by the native kernel.

##### PowerPC கர்னல் சேவை

There is no support for Xen or kdump for the PowerPC architecture in Fedora. 32-bit PowerPC still has a separate SMP kernel.

#### கர்னல் உருவாக்கத்தை உருவாக்குகிறது

Fedora 10 does not include the `kernel-source` package provided by older versions since only the `kernel-devel` package is required now to build external modules. Configured sources are available, as described in .

##### தனிபயன் கர்னல் உருவாக்கம்

For information on kernel development and working with custom kernels, refer to

#### பிழைகளை அறிக்கையிடுதல்

Refer to for information on reporting bugs in the Linux kernel. You may also use for reporting bugs that are specific to Fedora.

### உட்பொதியப்பட்டது

Fedora 10 includes a number of applications to support embedded development on a variety of targets. Included are assemblers, compilers, debuggers, programmers, IDEs and assorted utilities.

#### AVR

`avrdude`Software for programming Atmel AVR microcontroller

  AVRDUDE is a program for programming Atmel's AVR CPU's. It can program the Flash and EEPROM, and where supported by the serial programming protocol, it can program fuse and lock bits. AVRDUDE also supplies a direct instruction mode allowing one to issue any programming instruction to the AVR chip regardless of whether AVRDUDE implements that specific feature of a particular chip.

`avr-gcc`Cross Compiling GNU GCC targeted at avr

  This is a Cross Compiling version of GNU GCC, which can be used to compile for the AVR platform, instead of for the native i386 platform.

`avr-gcc-c++`Cross Compiling GNU GCC targeted at avr

  This package contains the Cross Compiling version of g++, which can be used to compile c++ code for the AVR platform, instead of for the native i386 platform.

`avr-libc`C library for use with GCC on Atmel AVR microcontrollers

  AVR Libc is a free software project with the goal to provide a high quality C library for use with GCC on Atmel AVR microcontrollers.

  AVR Libc is licensed under a single unified license. This so-called modified Berkeley license is intended to be compatible with most free software licenses such as the GPL, yet impose as little restrictions as possible for the use of the library in closed-source commercial applications.

`avr-binutils`Cross Compiling GNU binutils targeted at avr

  This is a Cross Compiling version of GNU binutils, which can be used to assemble and link binaries for the AVR platform, instead of for the native i386 platform.

`avr-gdb`GDB for (remote) debugging avr binaries

  This is a special version of GDB, the GNU Project debugger, for (remote) debugging AVR binaries. GDB allows you to see what is going on inside another program while it executes or what another program was doing at the moment it crashed.

`avarice`Program for interfacing the Atmel JTAG ICE to GDB

  Program for interfacing the Atmel JTAG ICE to GDB to allow users to debug their embedded AVR target

#### Microchip PIC

`gputils`Development utilities for Microchip (TM) PIC (TM) microcontrollers

  This is a collection of development tools for Microchip (TM) PIC (TM) microcontrollers. This is ALPHA software: there may be serious bugs in it, and it's nowhere near complete. The `gputils` package currently only implements a subset of the features available with Microchip's tools. Refer to the documentation for an up-to-date list of what `gputils` can do.

`gpsim` A simulator for Microchip (TM) PIC (TM) microcontrollers

  The `gpsim` software is a simulator for Microchip (TM) PIC (TM) microcontrollers. It supports most devices in Microchip's 12-bit, 14bit, and 16-bit core families. In addition, gpsim supports dynamically loadable modules such as LED's, LCD's, resistors, and so forth, to extend the simulation environment beyond the PIC.

`ktechlab` Development and simulation of microcontrollers and electronic circuits

  KTechlab is a development and simulation environment for microcontrollers and electronic circuits, distributed under the GNU General Public License. KTechlab consists of several well-integrated components:

  - A circuit simulator, capable of simulating logic, linear devices and some nonlinear devices.

  - Integration with `gpsim`, allowing PICs to be simulated in circuit.

  - A schematic editor, which provides a rich real-time feedback of the simulation.

  - A flowchart editor, allowing PIC programs to be constructed visually.

  - MicroBASIC; a BASIC-like compiler for PICs, written as a companion program to KTechlab.

  - An embedded Kate part, which provides a powerful editor for PIC programs.

  - Integrated assembler and disassembler via `gpasm` and `gpdasm`.

`pikdev` IDE for development of PICmicro based application (under Linux/KDE)

  PiKdev is a simple IDE dedicated to the development of PIC based applications under KDE. Features:

  - இணைக்கப்பட்ட தொகுப்பி

  - திட்ட மேலாண்மை

  - Integrated programming engine for 12, 14 and 16 bits PIC (flash or EPROM technology)

  - Support for parallel and serial port programmers

  - KDE compliant look-and-feel

  The system administrator must read `README.Fedora` file located in the `/usr/share/doc/pikdev-0.9.2` directory to complete the full feature installation.

`piklab` Development environment for applications based on PIC & dsPIC

  Piklab is a graphic development environment for PIC and dsPIC microcontrollers. It interfaces with various toochains for compiling and assembling and it supports several Microchip and direct programmers. The system administrator must refer to the `README.Fedora` file located in the `/usr/share/doc/piklab-0.15.0` directory to complete full feature installation.

`pikloops` Code generator for PIC delays

  PiKLoop generates code to create delays for Microchip PIC microcontrollers. It is a useful companion for Pikdev or Piklab IDE.

#### மற்றவை மற்றும் செயலி

`dfu-programmer` A device firmware update based USB programmer for Atmel chips

  A linux based command-line programmer for Atmel chips with a USB bootloader supporting ISP. This is a mostly Device Firmware Update (DFU) 1.0 compliant user-space application. Currently supported chips: 8051, AVR, at89c51snd1c, at90usb1287, at89c5130, at90usb1286, at89c5131, at90usb647, at89c5132, at90usb646, at90usb162, and at90usb82.

`sdcc` Small Device C Compiler

  The `sdcc-2.6.0-12` package for SDCC is a C compiler for 8051 class and similar microcontrollers. The package includes the compiler, assemblers and linkers, a device simulator, and a core library. The processors supported (to a varying degree) include the 8051, ds390, z80, hc08, and PIC.

`uisp` Atmel AVR மற்றும் 8051 க்கான Universal In-System Programmer

  The `uisp` utility is for downloading/uploading programs to AVR devices. It can also be used for some Atmel 8051 type devices. In addition, `uisp` can erase the device, write lock bits, verify and set the active segment. For use with the following hardware to program the devices: pavr, stk500, Atmel STK500, dapa, Direct AVR Parallel Access, stk200, Parallel Starter Kit, STK200, STK300, abb, Altera, ByteBlasterMV Parallel Port Download Cable, avrisp, Atmel AVR, bsd, fbprg (parallel), dt006 (parallel), dasa serial (RESET=RTS SCK=DTR MOSI=TXD MISO=CTS), dasa2 serial (RESET=!TXD SCK=RTS MOSI=DTR MISO=CTS)

`simcoupe` SAM Coupe emulator (ஸ்பெக்டரம் ஏற்றது)

  SimCoupe emulates an 8bit Z80 based home computer, released in 1989 by Miles Gordon Technology. The SAM Coupe was largely spectrum compatible, with much improved hardware

`sjasm` ஒரு z80 குறுக்கு அசம்பளர்

  SjASM ஒரு இரண்டு பாஸ் macro Z80 குறுக்கு அசம்பளர்

`z88dk` ஒரு Z80 குறுக்கு கம்பைலர்

  The `z88dk` program is a Z80 cross compiler capable of generating binary files for a variety of Z80 based machines (such as the ZX81, Spectrum, Jupiter Ace, and some TI calculators).

### KDE 3 உருவாக்க தளம் மற்றும் நூலகங்கள்

Fedora now features KDE 4, and no longer offers KDE 3 as a full desktop environment. Fedora does provide the following KDE 3.5 library packages to run and build the many existing KDE 3 applications:

- `qt3`, `qt3-devel` (மற்றும் பிற `qt3-*` தொகுப்புகள்): Qt 3.3.8b

- `kdelibs3`, `kdelibs3-devel`: KDE 3 நூலகங்கள்

- `kdebase3`, `kdebase3-pim-ioslaves`, `kdebase3-devel`: KDE 3 கோர் கோப்புகள் சில பயன்பாடுகளால் தேவைப்படுகிறது

Moreover, the KDE 4 `kdebase-runtime` package, which provides `khelpcenter`, also sets up `khelpcenter` as a service for KDE 3 applications, so help in KDE 3 applications works. The KDE 3 version of `khelpcenter` is no longer provided, and the KDE 4 version is used instead.

இந்த தொகுப்புகள் இதற்கு வடிவமைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன:

- Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)க்கு ஏற்றது, மற்றும்

- KDE 4உடன் இணையாக பாதுகாப்பாக, `-devel` தொகுப்புகளுடன் நிறுவ வேண்டும்.

In order to achieve this goal, Fedora KDE SIG members have made two changes to the KDE 4 `kdelibs-devel` packages:

- The library symlinks are installed to `/usr/lib/kde4/devel` or `/usr/lib64/kde4/devel` depending on system architecture.

- The `kconfig_compiler` and `makekdewidgets` tools have been renamed `kconfig_compiler4` and `makekdewidgets4`, respectively.

These changes should be completely transparent to the vast majority of KDE 4 applications that use `cmake` to build, since `FindKDE4Internal.cmake` has been patched to match these changes. The KDE SIG made these changes to the KDE 4 `kdelibs-devel` rather than to `kdelibs3-devel` because KDE 4 stores these locations in a central place, whereas KDE 3 applications usually contain hardcoded copies of the library search paths and executable names.

`kdebase3` பின்வருவனவற்றை சேர்க்கவில்லை என்பதை குறித்து கொள்ளவும்:

- A complete KDE 3 desktop (workspace) which could be used instead of KDE 4; in particular, KDE 3 versions of KWin, KDesktop, Kicker, KSplash and KControl are not included.

- The KDE 3 versions of `kdebase` applications such as Konqueror and KWrite, which are redundant with the KDE 4 versions and would conflict with them.

- The libkdecorations library required for KWin 3 window decorations, as those window decorations cannot be used in the KDE 4 version of KWin.

- The libkickermain library required by some Kicker applets, as there is no Kicker in Fedora 10 and thus Kicker applets cannot be used.

#### legacy API க்கு எதிராக புதிய மென்பொருள் உருவாக்குவது ஊக்கப்படுத்தப்படுவதில்லை.

As with any backwards-compatibility library, you would be developing against a deprecated interface.

## கணினி நிர்வாகிகளுக்கு புதிதாக என்ன இருக்கிறது

### பாதுகாப்பு

இந்த பிரிவு பல்வேறு பாதுகாப்பு உருப்படிகளை Fedoraவிலிருந்து முன்னிலைப்படுத்துகிறது.

#### பாதுகாப்பு விரிவாக்கங்கள்

Fedora continues to improve its many proactive security features.

#### SELinux

The SELinux project pages have troubleshooting tips, explanations, and pointers to documentation and references. Some useful links include the following:

- புதிய SELinux திட்ட பக்கங்கள்:

- பிழைத்திருத்த துணுக்குகள்:

- அடிக்கடி கேட்கப்படும் வினாக்கள்:

- SELinux கட்டளைகளின் பட்டியல்:

- செயற்களத்தின் விவரங்கள்:

#### SELinux விரிவாக்கங்கள்

Different roles are now available, to allow finer-grained access control:

- `guest_t` does not allow running `setuid` binaries, making network connections, or using a GUI.

- `xguest_t` disallows network access except for HTTP via a Web browser, and no `setuid` binaries.

- `user_t` is ideal for office users: prevents becoming root via `setuid` applications.

- `staff_t` is same as `user_t`, except that root-level access via `sudo` is allowed.

- `unconfined_t` provides full access, the same as when not using SELinux.

Browser plug-ins wrapped with `nspluginwrapper`, which is the default, are confined by SELinux policy.

SELinux and the Firefox `mozplugger` infrastructure may not work together as expected, due to fundamentally different goals for each. As a test or solution, to turn off SELinux confinement of `nsplugin`, run this command:

          setsebool -P allow_unconfined_nsplugin_transition =0

#### பாதுகாப்பு தணிக்கை தொகுப்பு

The new sectool provides users with a tool to check their systems for security issues. Included libraries allow for the customization of system tests. More information can be found at the project home:

#### பொது தகவல்கள்

A general introduction to the many proactive security features in Fedora, current status, and policies is available at .

### கணினி சேவைகள்

#### துவக்கம்

Fedora 10 features the Upstart initialization system. All System V `init` scripts should run fine in compatibility mode. However, users who have made customizations to their `/etc/inittab` file need to port those modifications to `upstart`. For information on how `upstart` works, refer to the `init(8)` and `initctl(8)` man pages. For information on writing upstart scripts, refer to the `events(5)` man page, and also the "Upstart Getting Started Guide":

Due to the change of `init` systems, it is recommended that users who do an upgrade on a live file system to Fedora 10, reboot soon afterwards.

#### NetworkManager

Fedora 10 features NetworkManager. NetworkManager 0.7 provides improved mobile broadband support, including GSM and CDMA devices, and now supports multiple devices, ad-hoc networking for sharing connections, and the use of system-wide network configuration. It is now enabled by default on all installations. When using NetworkManager, be aware of the following:

- NetworkManager does not currently support all virtual device types. Users who use bridging, bonding, or VLANs may need to switch to the old `network` service after configuration of those interfaces.

- NetworkManager starts the network asynchronously. Users who have applications that require the network to be fully initialized during boot should set the `NETWORKWAIT` variable in `/etc/sysconfig/network`. Please file bugs about cases where this is necessary, so we can fix the applications in question.

#### Autofs

Autofs is no longer installed by default. Users who wish to use Autofs can choose it from the System Tools group in the installer, or with the package installation tools.

#### Varnish

Varnish, the high-performance HTTP acclerator, has been updated to version 2.0. The VCL syntax has changed from version 1.x. Users who upgrade from 1.x must change their `vcl` files according to `README.redhat`. The most important changes are:

- In `vcl`, the word `insert` must be replaced by `deliver`

- In the `vcl` declaration of backends, `set backend` has been simplified to `backend`, and elements within the backend are now just prefixed with a dot, so the default localhost configuration looks like this:

      	  backend default { .host = "127.0.0.1"; .port = "80"; }

### மெய்நிகராக்கம்

Virtualization in Fedora 10 includes major changes, and new features, that continue to support KVM, Xen, and many other virtual machine platforms.

#### Unified கர்னல் உரு

The `kernel-xen` package has been obsoleted by the integration of paravirtualization operations in the upstream kernel. The `kernel` package in Fedora 10 supports booting as a guest domU, but will not function as a dom0 until such support is provided upstream. The most recent Fedora release with dom0 support is Fedora 8.

Booting a Xen domU guest within a Fedora 10 host requires the KVM based `xenner`. Xenner runs the guest kernel and a small Xen emulator together as a KVM guest.

##### KVMக்கு வன்பொருள் மெய்நிகராக்க வசதியை புரவலன் கணினியில் தேவைப்படுகிறது.

Systems lacking hardware virtualization do not support Xen guests at this time.

மேலும் தகவலுக்கு:

#### மெய்நிகராக்க சேமிப்பக மேலாண்மை

Advances in libvirt now provide the ability to list, create, and delete storage volumes on remote hosts. This includes the ability to create raw sparse and non-sparse files in a directory, allocate LVM logical volumes, partition physical disks, and attach to iSCSI targets.

This enables the `virt-manager` tool to remotely provision new guest domains, and manage the storage associated with them. It provides improved SELinux integration, since the APIs ensure that all storage volumes have the correct SELinux security context when being assigned to a guest.

வசதிகள்

- List storage volumes in a directory, and allocate new volumes, raw files both sparse and non-sparse, and formats supported by `qemu-img` (cow, qcow, qcow2, vmdk, etc)

- List partitions in a disk, and allocate new partitions from free space

- Connect to an iSCSI server and list volumes associated with an exported target

- List logical volumes in an LVM volume group, and allocate new LVM logical volumes

- Automatically assign correct SELinux security context label (`virt_image_t`) to all volumes when associating with a guest.

  மேலும் தகவலுக்கு:

  - -- libvirt சேமிப்பக மேலாண்மை

  - -- virt-manager சேமிப்பக மேலாண்மை

#### மெய்நிகர் கணினிகளுக்கான தொலை நிறுவல்

Improvements in Virtualization storage management have enabled the creation of guests on remote host systems. By leveraging Avahi, systems supporting libvirt can be automatically detected by `virt-manager`. Upon detection guests can be provisioned on the remote system.

Installations can be automated with the help of `cobbler` and `koan`. Cobbler is a Linux installation server that allows for rapid setup of network installation environments. Network installs can be configured for PXE boot, reinstallations, media-based net-installs, and virtualized guest installs. Cobbler uses a helper program, `koan`, for reinstallation and virtualization support.

மேலும் தகவலுக்கு:

- -- virt-manager Discovery

#### வேறு வளர்ச்சிகள்

Fedora பின்வரும் மெய்நிகராக்க வளர்ச்சிகளை கொண்டுள்ளது:

- Utilities in the new `virt-mem` package provide access to process tables, interface information, dmesg, and uname of QEmu and KVM guests from the host system. For more information, refer to .

  ##### `virt-mem` தொகுப்பு ஆய்வுக்கானது.

  32-பிட் விருந்தினர்கள் மட்டுமே இந்த நேரத்தில் துணைபுரிகிறது.

- The new `virt-df` tool provides information on the disk usage of guests from the host system.

- The new experimental `xenwatch` package provides utilities for interacting with `xenstore` on Xen-based virtualization hosts. For more information refer to

##### `libvirt` 0.4.6க்கு மேம்படுத்தப்பட்டது

The `libvirt` package provides an API and tools to interact with the virtualization capabilities of recent versions of Linux (and other OSes). The libvirt software is designed to be a common denominator among all virtualization technologies with support for the following:

- Xen hypervisor லினக்ஸ் மற்றும் Solaris புரவலன்களில் உள்ளது.

- QEMU emulator

- KVM லினக்ஸ் ஹைபர்வைசர்

- LXC லினக்ஸ் கொள் அமைப்பு

- OpenVZ Linux கொள் அமைப்பு

- IDE/SCSI/USB வட்டுகள், FibreChannel, LVM, iSCSI, மற்றும் NFSஇல் சேமிப்பகம்

0.4.2இலிருந்து புதிய வசதிகள் மற்றும் மேம்படுத்தல்கள்:

- விரிவாக்கப்பட்ட OpenVZ சேவை

- Enhanced Linux containers (LXC) சேவை

- சேமிப்பக பூல்கள் API

- மேம்படுத்தப்பட்ட iSCSI சேவை

- USB சாதனம் QEMU மற்றும் KVMக்கு

- QEMU மற்றும் Xenக்கு ஒலி, சீரியல் மற்றும் இணை சாதன சேவை

- NUMA மற்றும் vCPU ஐ QEMUயில் இணைக்க துணை

- Unified XML domain and network parsing for all virtualization drivers

மேலும் தகவலுக்கு:

##### `virt-manager` 0.6.0க்கு மேம்படுத்தப்பட்டது

The `virt-manager` package provides a GUI implementation of `virtinst` and libvirt functionality.

0.5.4இலிருந்து புதிய வசதிகள் மற்றும் வளர்ச்சிகள்:

- Remote storage management and provisioning: view, add, remove, and provision libvirt managed storage. Attach managed storage to a remote VM.

- Remote VM installation support: Install from managed media (CDROM) or PXE. Simple install time storage provisioning.

- VM details and console windows merged: each VM is now represented by a single tabbed window.

- Use Avahi to list `libvirtd` instances on network.

- Hypervisor Autoconnect: Option to connect to hypervisor at `virt-manager` start up.

- Option to add sound device emulation when creating new guests.

- Virtio மற்றும் USB விருப்பங்கள் ஒரு வட்டு சாதனத்தை சேர்க்கும் போது கிடைக்கிறது.

- Allow viewing and removing VM sound, serial, parallel, and console devices.

- Allow specifying a keymap when adding display device.

- Keep app running if manager window is closed but VM window is still open.

- Allow limiting the amount of stored stats history.

மேலும் தகவலுக்கு:

##### `virtinst` 0.400.0க்கு மேம்படுத்தப்பட்டது

The `python-virtinst` package contains tools for installing and manipulating multiple VM guest image formats.

0.300.3இலிருந்து புதிய வசதிகள் மற்றும் வளர்ச்சிகள்:

- New tool `virt-convert`: Allows converting between different types of virt configuration files. Currently only supports `vmx` to `virt-image`.

- New tool `virt-pack`: Converts `virt-image` xml format to `vmx` and packs in a tar.gz. (Note this will likely be merged with `virt-convert` in the future).

- `virt-install` வளர்ச்சிகள்:

  - Support for remote VM installation. Can use install media and disk images on remote host if shared via libvirt. Allows provisioning storage on remote pools.

  - சேவை அமைப்பு CPU QEmu/KVM VMsக்கு தகவலை கொடுக்கிறது

  - `--cpuset=auto` விருப்பம் வழியாக NUMA சேவை

  - புதிய விருப்பங்கள்:

    - `--wait` நிறுவல்களில் கடினமான நேர வரம்பை அனுமதிக்கிறது

    - `--sound` VM ஐ ஒலி அட்டையில் உருவாக்குகிறது

    - `--disk` allows specifying media as a path, storage volume, or a pool to provision storage on, device type, and several other options. Deprecates `--file`, `--size`, `--nonsparse`.

    - `--prompt` Input prompting is no longer the default, this option turns it back on.

- `virt-image` வளர்ச்சிகள்:

  - `--replace` விருப்பம் இருக்கும் VM உரு கோப்பினை மேலெழுதுகிறது

  - Support multiple network interfaces in `virt-image` format

- Use virtio disk/net drivers if chosen guest OS entry supports it (Fedora 9 and 10)

மேலும் தகவலுக்கு:

##### Xen 3.3.0க்கு மேம்படுத்தப்பட்டது

Fedora 10 supports booting as a guest domU, but will not function as a dom0 until such support is provided in the upstream kernel. Support for a `pv_ops` dom0 is targeted for Xen 3.4.

3.2.0இலிருந்து மாற்றங்கள்:

- ஹைபர்வைசரில் (P & C நிலைகள்) மின் மேலாண்மை

- HVM emulation domains (`qemu-on-minios`) for better scalability, performance, and security

- PVGrub: boot PV kernels using real GRUB inside the PV domain

- Better PV performance: domain lock removed from pagetable-update paths

- Shadow3: optimisations to make this the best shadow pagetable algorithm yet, making HVM performance better than ever

- Hardware Assisted Paging enhancements: 2MB page support for better TLB locality

- CPUID feature levelling: allows safe domain migration across systems with different CPU models

- PVSCSI drivers for SCSI access direct into PV guests

- HVM framebuffer optimisations: scan for framebuffer updates more efficiently

- சாதனம் விரிவாக்கங்களுக்கு செல்கிறது

- Full x86 real-mode emulation for HVM guests on Intel VT: supports a much wider range of legacy guest OSes

- புதிய qemu அப்ஸ்ட்ரீம் வளர்ச்சிக்கு இணைக்கப்படுகிறது

- x86 மற்றும IA64 துறைகளுக்கு வேறு பல மாற்றங்களை செய்கிறது

மேலும் தகவலுக்கு:

- -- Xen roadmap

- -- paravirt_ops patch queue

### இணையம் மற்றும் உள்ளடக்க சேவையகங்கள்

#### Drupal

Drupal 6.4க்கு மேம்படுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளது. விவரங்களுக்கு பார்க்கவும்:

உங்கள் நிறுவல் 6.4 பதிப்புக்கு Fedora 9இல் மேம்படுத்தப்பட்டிருந்தால், பின்வரும் படிநிலையை தவிர்க்கவும்.

Before upgrading from earlier versions, remember to log in to your site as the admin user, and disable any third-party modules. After upgrading the package:

1. `/etc/drupal/default/settings.php.rpmsave` ஐ `/etc/drupal/default/settings.php`க்கு நகலெடுத்து, ஏதாவது கூடுதல் தள `settings.php` கோப்புகளை மீண்டும் செய்யவும்.

2. `http://host/drupal/update.php` க்கு உலாவி மேம்படுத்தல் உரையை இயக்கவும்.

Fedora 10இல், `drupal-date`, `-cck`, `-views`, மற்றும் `-service_links` ஆகியவற்றையும் சேர்த்து பல்வேறு தொகுதிகள் உள்ளன.

### Samba - விண்டோஸுக்கு ஏற்றது

This section contains information related to Samba, the suite of software Fedora uses to interact with Microsoft Windows systems.

Fedora 10 includes `samba-3.2.1`. This is only a minor release over the version included in Fedora 9, 3.2.0, so users upgrading from Fedora 9 should see no specific issues. However, users upgrading from earlier versions of Samba are advised to carefully review the Samba 3.2 release notes:

In addition, the news articles on Samba 3.2 also highlight some of the major changes:

### அஞ்சல் சேவையகங்கள்

This section concerns electronic mail servers or mail transfer agents (MTAs).

#### Sendmail

By default, the Sendmail mail transport agent (MTA) does not accept network connections from any host other than the local computer. To configure Sendmail as a server for other clients:

1. Edit `/etc/mail/sendmail.mc` and either change the `DAEMON_OPTIONS` line to also listen on network devices, or comment out this option entirely using the `dnl` comment delimiter.

2. `sendmail-cf` தொகுப்பை நிறுவ: `su -c 'yum install sendmail-cf'`

3. மறு உருவாக்கம் `/etc/mail/sendmail.cf`: `su -c 'make -C /etc/mail'`

### தரவுத்தள சேவையகங்கள்

#### You must do your own research on upgrading database packages.

Consult the release notes for the version of database you are upgrading to. There may be actions you need to do for the upgrade to be successful.

#### MySQL

Fedora 10 MySQL 5.0.67-2ஐ கொண்டுள்ளது.

##### MySQL version in Fedora 10 significantly different from Fedora 9 version

There are a number of changes from the version included in Fedora 9, including some incompatible changes.

The MySQL user is strongly encouraged to study the release notes for MySQL before upgrading his MySQL databases.

#### PostgreSQL

Fedora 10 PostgreSQL 8.3.4-1ஐ கொண்டுள்ளது.

If you are migrating from Fedora 9, no special action should be required. However, migration from versions of PostgreSQL prior to 8.3.1 may require special steps. Be sure to check the PostgreSQL release notes before performing the migration.

### பின்பக்க ஏற்றவை

Fedora provides legacy system libraries for compatibility with older software. This software is part of the Legacy Software Development group, which is not installed by default. Users who require this functionality may select this group either during installation or after the installation process is complete. To install the package group on a Fedora system, use Applications Add/Remove Software or enter the following command in a terminal window:

        su -c 'yum groupinstall "Legacy Software
          Development"'

தெரிவிக்கும் போது ரூட் கணக்கின் கடவுச்சொல்லை உள்ளிடவும்.

#### கைம்பைலர் ஏற்றவை

The `compat-gcc-34` package has been included for compatibility reasons:

#### KDE 3 உருவாக்கம்

ஐ பார்க்கவும்.

### Fedora 10இல் உள்ள மேம்படுத்தப்பட்ட தொகுப்புகள்

This list is automatically generated by checking the difference between the (F10)-1 GOLD tree and the F10 tree on a specific date. The content is posted only on the wiki:

### தொகுப்பு மாற்றங்கள்

#### இந்த பட்டியல் தானாக உருவாக்கப்பட்டது

இந்த பட்டியல் தானாக உருவாக்கப்பட்டது. இது மொழிமாற்றம் செய்யப்படவில்லை.

This list is generated for the release and posted on the wiki only. It is made using the `repodiff` utility from the `yum-utils` package, run as `repodiff --old=<base URL of the old SRPMS repository> --new=<base URL of the new SRPMS repository>>`.

For a list of which packages were updated since the previous release, refer to . You can also find a comparison of major packages between all Fedora versions at .

## சட்டம் மற்றும் மற்றவை

### Fedora திட்டம்

The goal of the Fedora Project is to work with the Linux community to build a complete, general-purpose operating system exclusively from free and open source software. The Fedora Project is driven by the individuals that contribute to it. As a tester, developer, documenter, or translator, you can make a difference. Refer to for details. For information on the channels of communication for Fedora users and contributors, refer to .

இணைய தளத்திற்கு கூடுதலாக, பின்வரும் அஞ்சல் குழுக்கள் இருக்கின்றன.

- , Fedora வெளியீடுகளின் பயனர்களுக்கு

- , Fedora சோதனை பதிப்புகளை சோதிப்பவர்களுக்கு

- , வல்லுனர்களுக்கு

- , ஆவணமாக்க திட்டத்தில் சேருபவர்களுக்கு

To subscribe to any of these lists, send an email with the word "subscribe" in the subject to <listname>-request, where <listname> is one of the above list names. Alternately, you can subscribe to Fedora mailing lists through the Web interface at .

The Fedora Project also uses several IRC (Internet Relay Chat) channels. IRC is a real-time, text-based form of communication, similar to Instant Messaging. With it, you may have conversations with multiple people in an open channel, or chat with someone privately one-on-one. To talk with other Fedora Project participants via IRC, access the Freenode IRC network. Refer to the Freenode website at for more information.

Fedora Project participants frequent the `#fedora` channel on the Freenode network, while Fedora Project developers may often be found on the `#fedora-devel` channel. Some of the larger projects may have their own channels as well. This information may be found on the webpage for the project, and at .

In order to talk on the `#fedora` channel, you need to register your nickname, or nick. Instructions are given when you `/join` the channel.

#### IRC சேனல்கள்

The Fedora Project and Red Hat have no control over the Fedora Project IRC channels or their content.

### Colophon

நாம் பயன்படுத்தும் சொல்லின் படி, colophon:

- கொடையாளர்களை கண்டு அவர்களுக்கு சன்மானம் அளிக்க வேண்டும் மற்றும்

- கருவிகள் மற்றும் தயாரிப்பு முறைகளை விளக்குகிறது

#### கொடையாளர்கள்

- Alain Portal (மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர் - பிரெஞ்சு)

- Albert Felip (translator - Catalan)

- Agusti Grau (translator - Catalan)

- Alfred Fraile (translator - Catalan)

- Amanpreet Singh Alam (மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர் - பஞ்சாபி)

- Andrew Martynov (மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர் - ரஷ்யன்)

- Andrew Overholt (பீட் எழுத்தாளர்)

- Ani Peter (translator - Malayalam)

- Ankitkumar Patel (translator - Gujarati)

- Anthony Green (பீட் எழுத்தாளர்)

- Brandon Holbrook (பீட் எழுத்தாளர்)

- Bob Jensen (பீட் எழுத்தாளர்)

- Chris Lennert (பீட் எழுத்தாளர்)

- Corina Roe (translator - French)

- Dale Bewley (பீட் எழுத்தாளர்)

- Damien Durand (translator - French)

- Daniela Kugelmann (translator - German)

- Dave Malcolm (பீட் எழுத்தாளர்)

- David Eisenstein (பீட் எழுத்தாளர்)

- David Woodhouse (பிட் எழுத்தாளர்)

- Davidson Paulo (translator - Brazilian Portuguese)

- Deepak Bhole (பிட் கொடையாளர்)

- Diego Búrigo Zacarão (translator)

- Dimitris Glezos (பிட் எழுத்தாளர், மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர் - கிரேக்கம்)

- Domingo Becker (மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர் - ஸ்பேனிஷ்)

- Dominik Sandjaja (translator - German)

- Eun-Ju Kim (translator - Korean)

- Fabian Affolter (மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர் - ஜெர்மன்)

- Fernando Villa (translator - Catalan)

- Florent Le Coz (translator - French)

- Francesco Tombolini (மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர் - இத்தாலியன்)

- Francesco Valente (translator - Italian)

- Gatis Kalnins (translator - Latvian)

- Gavin Henry (பீட் எழுத்தாளர்)

- Geert Warrink (மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர் - டச்சு)

- Glaucia Cintra (translator - Brazilian Portuguese)

- Gregory Sapunkov (translator - Russian)

- Guido Grazioli (மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர் - இத்தாலியன்)

- Han Guokai (translator - Simplified Chinese)

- Hugo Cisneiros (மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர் - பிரேசில் போர்த்துகீசியம்)

- I. Felix (translator - Tamil)

- Igor Miletic (மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர் - செர்பியன்)

- Janis Ozolins (translator - Latvian)

- Jason Taylor (பீட் எழுத்தாளர், ஆசிரியர் பயிற்சியில்)

- Jaswinder Singh (translator - Punjabi)

- Jeff Johnston (பீட் கொடையாளர்)

- Jesse Keating (பீட் கொடையாளர்)

- Jens Petersen (பீட் எழுத்தாளர்)

- Joe Orton (பீட் எழுத்தாளர்)

- Jordi Mas (translator - Catalan)

- José Nuno Coelho Pires (translator - Portuguese)

- Josep Mª Brunetti (translator - Catalan)

  Josh Bressers (பீட் எழுத்தாளர்)

- Juan M. Rodriguez (translator - Spanish)

- Kai Werthwein (translator - German)

- Karsten Wade (பீட் எழுத்தாளர், ஆசிரியர், துணை-பதிப்பாளர்)

- Kevin Kofler (பீட் எழுத்தாளர்)

- Kiyoto Hashida (translator - Japanese)

- Krishnababu Krothapalli (translator - Telugu)

- Kushal Das (translator - Bengali India)

- Kyu Lee (பீட் கொடையாளர்)

- Leah Liu (translator - Simplified Chinese)

- Lenka Čelková (translator - Slovak)

- Licio Fonseca (மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர் - பிரேசில் போர்த்துகீசியம்)

- Lubomir Kundrak (பீட் கொடையாளர், மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர் - ஸ்லோவாக்)

- Lukas Brausch (translator - German)

- Luya Tshimbalanga (பீட் எழுத்தாளர்)

- Magnus Larsson (மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர் - சுவீடிஷ்)

- Manojkumar Giri (translator - Oriya)

- Marek Mahut (மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர் - ஸ்லோவாக்)

- Mathieu Schopfer (மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர் - பிரெஞ்சு)

- Matthieu Rondeau (மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர் - பிரெஞ்சு)

- Maxim Dziumanenko (மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர் - உக்ரேனியன்)

- Martin Ball (பீட் எழுத்தாளர்)

- Michaël Ughetto (translator - French)

- Natàlia Girabet (translator - Catalan)

- Nikos Charonitakis (மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர் - கிரேக்கம்)

- Noriko Mizumoto (translation coordinator, translator - Japanese)

- Oriol Miró (translator - Catalan)

- Orion Poplawski (பீட் கொடையாளர்)

- Pablo Martin-Gomez (translator - French)

- Panagiota Bilianou (மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர் - கிரேக்கம்)

- Patrick Barnes (பீட் எழுத்தாளர், ஆசிரியர்)

- Paul W. Frields (கருவிகள், ஆசிரியர்)

- Pavol Šimo (translator - Slovak)

- Pawel Sadowski (மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர் - போலிஷ்)

- Patrick Ernzer (பீட் கொடையாளர்)

- Pedro Angelo Medeiros Fonini (translator - Brazilian Portuguese)

- Pere Argelich (translator - Catalan)

- Peter Reuschlein (translator - German)

- Piotr Drąg (translator - Polish)

- Prosenjit Biswas (translator - Bengali India)

- Rahul Sundaram (பீட் எழுத்தாளர், ஆசிரியர்)

- Rajesh Ranjan (translator - Hindi)

- Robert-André Mauchin (translator - French)

- Roberto Bechtlufft

- Run Du (translator - Simplified Chinese)

- Runa Bhattacharjee (translator - Bengali India)

- Ryuichi Hyugabaru (translator - Japanese)

- Sam Folk-Williams (பீட் எழுத்தாளர்)

- Sandeep Shedmake (translator - Marathi)

- Sekine Tatsuo (மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர் - ஜப்பானிஸ்)

- Shankar Prasad (translator - Kannada)

- Severin Heiniger (translator - German)

- Simos Xenitellis (மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர் - கிரேக்கம்)

- Steve Dickson (பிட் எழுத்தாளர்)

- Sweta Kothari (translator - Gujarati)

- Terry Chuang (translator - Traditional Chinese)

- Teta Bilianou (மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர் - கிரேக்கம்)

- Thomas Canniot (மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர் - ப்ரெஞ்சு)

- Thomas Graf (பீட் எழுத்தாளர்)

- Timo Trinks (translator - German)

- Tommy Reynolds (கருவிகள்)

- Valnir Ferreira Jr. (மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர் - பிரேசிலின் போர்த்துகீசியம்)

- Vasiliy Korchagin (translator - Russian)

- Ville-Pekka Vainio (மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர் - பீனிஷ்)

- Will Woods (பீட் கொடையாளர்)

- Xavier Conde (translator - Catalan)

- Xavier Queralt (translator - Catalan)

- Yoshinari Takaoka (மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர், கருவிகள்)

- Yu Feng (translator - Simplified Chinese

- Yuan Yijun (மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர் - எளிய சீனம்)

- Yulia Poyarkova (translator - Russian)

- Zhang Yang (மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர் - எளிய சீனம்)

... and many more translators. Refer to the Web-updated version of these release notes as we add translators after release:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

#### தயாரிப்பு முறைகள்

Beat writers produce the release notes directly on the Fedora Project wiki. They collaborate with other subject matter experts from Fedora to explain important changes and enhancements. The editorial team ensures consistency and quality of the finished beats, and ports the Wiki material to DocBook XML in a revision control repository. Next, the team of translators produces other language versions of the release notes, which are made available to the general public as part of Fedora. The publication team also makes them, and subsequent errata, available via the Web.