# Accurate gene consensus at low nanopore coverage

Rocio Espada1

1ESPCI Paris

#### 1 May 2024

#### Abstract

This file contains the full code for replicating the analysis on our manuscript.

#### Package

single 1.8.0

# Contents

This code reproduces the analysis made on our manuscript “Accurate gene consensus at low nanopore coverage”, from the raw fast5 files returned by the Nanopore Sequencer to final figures.

Here, we applied SINGLe to the gene of KlenTaq, a truncated variant of the well-known Taq polymerase, of approximately 1.7 kb in length. We first tested it on a small set of seven known mutants containing 2 to 9 point mutations (Small Set, or KT7), and later a larger library of approximately 1200 variants (KTLib).

Make sure that in the path were you are running this code there is:

- Folder 1_ReferenceFiles that has:
  - KT7_sequences_aligned.fasta
  - KTrefamplicon.fasta
  - KTB_digested.fasta
  - KTrefORF_1662.fasta
- Folder 2_NanoporeRawReads that has:
  - SmallSet_fast5 (a folder. If you have the tar, un tar it)
  - LargeSet_fast5 (a folder. If you have the tar, un tar it)
- Replace the path in the previous chunk by the correct root.dir

The chunks on the general inputs section load packages, functions and variables that are needed for different chunks below. They do not use a lot of memory, so I’d recommend running them all before running the particular section you are interested in.

Also, sections are not independent between them. The clearest example is the single_train variable that it is obtained in the Single correction for the small library and then it is used for the correction of the large library long after.

You’ll need to have installed the following software:

- minimap2 (https://github.com/lh3/minimap2)
- ont_fast5_api (https://github.com/nanoporetech/ont_fast5_api)
- nanopolish (https://github.com/jts/nanopolish)
- racon (https://github.com/isovic/racon)
- medaka (https://github.com/nanoporetech/medaka)
- samtools (http://www.htslib.org/)

# 1 General inputs

This includes loading needed packages, defining functions and loading data that will be used in some parts of the code. It’s fast and light, so just run all chunks before going on.

Packages

    require(single)
    suppressPackageStartupMessages(require(plyr))
    suppressPackageStartupMessages(require(dplyr))
    options(dplyr.summarise.inform=F)
    suppressPackageStartupMessages(require(reshape2))
    suppressPackageStartupMessages(require(foreach))
    suppressPackageStartupMessages(require(ggplot2))
    suppressPackageStartupMessages(require(ggbreak))
    suppressPackageStartupMessages(require(grid))
    suppressPackageStartupMessages(require(gridExtra))
    suppressPackageStartupMessages(require(stringr))
    suppressPackageStartupMessages(library(Biostrings))
    suppressPackageStartupMessages(require(cowplot))
    suppressPackageStartupMessages(library(e1071))

Functions

    detect_homopolymer_positions <- function(sequence){
      l <- length(sequence)
      homopolymer_positions <- list()
      aux_positions <- 1
      counter <- 0
      for(i in seq_along(sequence)[-l]){
        if (sequence[i+1]==sequence[i]){
          aux_positions <- c(aux_positions,i+1)
        }else{
          counter <- counter+1
          homopolymer_positions[[counter]] <- aux_positions
          aux_positions <- i+1
        }
      }
      if(sequence[i+1]==sequence[i]){
        counter <- counter+1
        homopolymer_positions[[counter]] <- aux_positions
      }
      return(homopolymer_positions)
    }
    biostr_to_char <- function(x){
        y <- strsplit(as.character(x), split="")[[1]]
        return(y)
    }
    detect_mutations <- function(sequence,reference){
        ind <- which(sequence != reference)
        muts <- paste0(reference[ind],ind,sequence[ind])
        return(muts)
    }
    replace_str_in_pos   <- function(string, pos, replacement){
      if(pos>nchar(string)){stop('Replacement intended outsife string')}
      string_vec   <- strsplit(string, split="")[[1]]
      string_vec[pos] <- replacement
      string_out <- paste(string_vec, collapse = "")
      return(string_out)
    }
    bc_one_mutation    <- function(x){
      bases <- c("A","C","G","T")
      y <- c()
      n <- 0
      for(i in 1:nchar(x)){
        n <- n+1
        non_wt <- setdiff(bases, substr(x, i,i))
        non_wt <- paste0(non_wt, collapse = "")
        non_wt <- paste0("[",non_wt, "]", collapse = "")
        y[n] <- replace_str_in_pos(x, i, non_wt)
      }
      for(i in 2:(nchar(x)-1)){
        n <- n+1
        y[n] <- paste0(substr(x,1,(i-1)),substr(x,(i+1), nchar(x)))
      }
      y <- unique(y)
      return(y)
    }
    dna_reverse_complement_vector <- function(x){
      y <- rev(dna_complement_vector(x))
      return(y)
    }
    dna_complement <- function(x){
      if(length(x)>1){stop("dna_complement: x has length > 1")}
      if(x=="A" | x=="a"){ y <- "T"}
      if(x=="C" | x=="c"){ y <- "G"}
      if(x=="G" | x=="g"){ y <- "C"}
      if(x=="T" | x=="t"){ y <- "A"}

      return(y)
    }
    dna_complement_vector <- function(x){
      y <- vapply(x, dna_complement, USE.NAMES = F)
      return(y)
    }
    dna_complement_string <- function(x){
      x <- strsplit(x, split="")[[1]]
      y <- dna_complement_vector(x)
      y <- paste(y, collapse = "")
      return(y)
    }
    dna_reverse_complement_string <- function(x){
      x <- strsplit(x, split="")[[1]]
      y <- dna_reverse_complement_vector(x)
      y <- paste(y, collapse = "")
      return(y)
    }

Paths

    path_references  <- "1_ReferenceFiles/"
    path_raw_data <- "2_NanoporeRawReads/"
    path_save_figures <- "6_Figures/"
    path_analysis_lib7 <- "3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/"
    path_analysis_lib <- "3_Analysis/KTLib/"

    if(!dir.exists(path_save_figures)){dir.create(path_save_figures)}
    if(!dir.exists(path_analysis_lib7)){dir.create(path_analysis_lib7)}
    if(!dir.exists(path_analysis_lib)){dir.create(path_analysis_lib)}

Colors

    red      <- rgb(218,0,0,maxColorValue = 255)
    green    <- rgb(0,122,0,maxColorValue = 255)
    red_tr   <- rgb(230,0,0,alpha = 200, maxColorValue = 255)
    blue_tr  <- rgb(0,0,218,alpha = 250, maxColorValue = 255)
    green_tr <- rgb(0,122,0,alpha = 200, maxColorValue = 255)
    blue     <- rgb(0,0,250, maxColorValue = 255)

    single_color     <- "#2727fa"
    medaka_color     <- "#26a026"
    guppy_color      <- "#fa2929"
    nanopolish_color <- "#fa8c28"
    noweights_color  <- "#8c26fa"
    racon_color      <- "#dcdc26"
    nextpolish_color <- grey(.6)
    colors_vector <- c(single_color,medaka_color,guppy_color,nanopolish_color,noweights_color, racon_color,nextpolish_color)
    names(colors_vector) <- c("single","medaka","nanopore","nanopolish","no_weights", "racon","nextpolish")

    colors_vector_capital <- colors_vector
    names(colors_vector_capital) <- c("SINGLe","Medaka","Guppy","Nanopolish","No weights","Racon","NextPolish")

    methods_capital <- setNames(c("Nanopolish","Medaka","Racon","SINGLe","Guppy","No weights","NextPolish"),
                                                  c("nanopolish","medaka","racon","single","nanopore","no_weights","nextpolish"))

Plotting themes

    theme_plot <- theme_bw()+
        theme(line=element_line(colour = "black",
                                size = 0.5, linetype = "dashed",lineend = "square"),
              rect= element_rect(fill = NULL, colour = NULL,
                                 size = 1,linetype = "solid",inherit.blank = FALSE),
              text=element_text(size = 10),title = element_text(size=10),
              axis.title = element_text(size=rel(1)),
              axis.text.x=element_text(angle=0, size=rel(.8)),
              axis.text.y=element_text(angle=0, size=rel(.8)),
              plot.tag = element_text(size=rel(1), face = "bold", vjust=-1),
              panel.grid = element_blank(), panel.border = element_rect(size=1),
              legend.background = element_blank(),
              plot.margin=margin(t=0,r=3,l=0,b=0, unit="pt"),
              strip.background = element_rect(fill="white"),
              legend.text = element_text(size=rel(0.8))
        )

    theme_set(theme_plot)

Reference sequence

    reference_file <-  "1_ReferenceFiles/KTrefORF_1662.fasta"
    wildtypye_bstr <- readDNAStringSet(reference_file)
    wildtype <- toupper(biostr_to_char(wildtypye_bstr))

    wt_homopolymers <- detect_homopolymer_positions(wildtype)
    wt_homopolymers <- wt_homopolymers[vapply(wt_homopolymers,length)>1]
    pos_wt_homopolymers <- unlist(wt_homopolymers)

Experimental data for set of KlenTaq’s 7 variants

    kt7_barcodes <- paste0("barcode",c("05","06","07","08","09","10","11"))
    kt7_true_mutants <- data.frame(
                            Barcode = kt7_barcodes,
                            true_consensus = c("C867G G1120A C1214T G1316A",
                                "G23A C245T",
                                "G94C A378G A905G G1023T A1381T",
                                "T425A G846A C851T G1403A",
                                "G307A G490- T659A T675A G993A A1554G",
                                "A41T G331T G349A C772T C879T C1474A C1475T G1530-",
                                "G303A G376A C517G T857A T1056A G1550A"))

    kt7_bc2mut <- c("#1 - 2sub","#2 - 4sub","#3 - 4sub","#4 - 5sub","#5 - 6sub","#6 - 7sub 1del","#7 - 5sub 1del")
    names(kt7_bc2mut) <- paste0("barcode",c("06","05","08","07","11","10","09"))

    mutant_sequences   <- readDNAStringSet("1_ReferenceFiles/KT7_sequences_aligned.fasta") #known sequences of mutants (different from reference_sequence)
    kt_true_mutations <- list()
    for(i in 1:length(mutant_sequences)){
        mutant_seq <- toupper(stringr::str_split(as.character(mutant_sequences[[i]]), pattern = "")[[1]])
        index <- which (mutant_seq!= wildtype)
        kt_true_mutations[[i]] <- data.frame(sequence_id=rep(names(mutant_sequences)[i], length(index)),
                                          position = index,  nucleotide =mutant_seq[index])
    }
    kt_true_mutations <- do.call(rbind,kt_true_mutations)

Others

    subsets       <- c(seq(3,9,by=1),seq(10,50,by=5))
    n_repetitions <- 50

# 2 Wild type and small set of 7 variants of KlenTaq

## 2.1 Experiment

In a unique sequencing run we used a barcoding kit to measure several samples at the same time. The table below indicates the number of the barcode (that will be returned by guppy_barcoder) and it’s content

BarcodeID | VariantID | Mutations
--- | --- | ---
BC01 |  | wildtype
BC05 | Variant 2 | C867G G1120A C1214T C1316A
BC06 | Variant 1 | G23A C245T
BC07 | Variant 4 | G94C A378G A905G G1023T A1381T
BC08 | Variant 3 | T425A G846A C851T G1403A
BC09 | Variant 7 | G307A T659A T675A G993A A1554G G490
BC10 | Variant 6 | A41T G331T G349A C772T A785G C879T C1474A C1475T G1530
BC11 | Variant 5 | G303A G376A C517G T857A T1056A G1550A

## 2.2 Basecalling, demultiplexing and aligning to reference

Basecalling was done with the following command lines in bash (replace paths if needed)

    ## BASECALL USING GUPPY
    guppy_basecaller -i 2_NanoporeRawReads/SmallSet_fast5/ -s 3_Analysis/SmallSet_SUP/ -c dna_r9.4.1_450bps_sup.cfg -x 'cuda:0' -r

    #Merge all files in a unique file
    cat 3_Analysis/SmallSet_SUP/pass/*fastq > 3_Analysis/KT7.fastq
    # for example: cat SmallSet_SUP/pass/*fastq > SmallSet.fastq

    #Filter sequences by length (1700 to 2100 bp)
    mkdir 3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100
    awk 'NR % 4 ==2 && length($0) > 1700 && length($0) < 2100 {print f  "\n" $0;getline;print;getline;print}  {f=$0}' 3_Analysis/KT7.fastq > 3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/KT7_1700_2100.fastq

    #Demultiplexing by Guppy
    guppy_barcoder -i 3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/ -s 3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100

    #Merge files to one file per barcode
    cat 3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/barcode01/*fastq >> 3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/barcode01.fastq
    cat 3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/barcode05/*fastq >> 3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/barcode05.fastq
    cat 3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/barcode06/*fastq >> 3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/barcode06.fastq
    cat 3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/barcode07/*fastq >> 3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/barcode07.fastq
    cat 3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/barcode08/*fastq >> 3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/barcode08.fastq
    cat 3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/barcode09/*fastq >> 3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/barcode09.fastq
    cat 3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/barcode10/*fastq >> 3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/barcode10.fastq
    cat 3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/barcode11/*fastq >> 3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/barcode11.fastq

Align using minimap2 and create count files.

    #!/bin/bash
    minimap2 -ax map-ont --sam-hit-only  1_ReferenceFiles/KTrefamplicon.fasta 3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/barcode01.fastq > 3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/barcode01.sam
    samtools view -S -b 3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/barcode01.sam > 3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/barcode01.bam #TRANSFORM TO BAM
    samtools sort 3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/barcode01.bam -o 3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/barcode01.sorted.bam #SORT BAM FILE

    for (( counter=5; counter<12; counter++ ))
        do
    if [ $counter -lt 10 ];
    then
    bc=0$counter
    else
        bc=$counter
    fi
    name=barcode$bc
    minimap2 -ax map-ont --sam-hit-only  1_ReferenceFiles/KTrefamplicon.fasta 3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/$name.fastq >3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/$name.sam
    samtools view -S -b 3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/$name.sam > 3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/$name.bam # TRANSFORM TO BAM
    samtools sort 3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/$name.bam -o 3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/$name.sorted.bam # SORT BAM FILE

    echo -n "$bc "
    done
    printf "\n"

## 2.3 SINGLe correction

    pos_start <- 60
    pos_end <- 1721

    tic <- proc.time()

    ## TRAIN
    #Forward
    single_train <- single_train(bamfile= "3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/barcode01.sorted.bam",
                   output = "3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/barcode01_5d4" ,
                   mean.n.mutations = 5.4,verbose = T,
                   rates.matrix = mutation_rate,
                   refseq_fasta = reference_file,
                   pos_start = pos_start, pos_end = pos_end,
                   save_partial=T, save_final=T)

    ## EVALUATE
    cl <- parallel::makeForkCluster(7)
    doParallel::registerDoParallel(cl)
    foreach(n = 5:11)%dopar%{
        if(n<10){x=paste0("0",n)}else{x=n}
        single_evaluate(bamfile = paste0("3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/barcode",x,".sorted.bam"),
                         single_fits   = single_train,
                         output_file = paste0("3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/barcode",x,"_SINGLe.fastq"),
                         refseq_fasta= reference_file,
                         pos_start=pos_start,pos_end=pos_end,
                         verbose=T,gaps_weights="minimum",
                         save_original_scores = T,
                         save=T)
    }

    toc <- proc.time()

    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

## 2.4 Analysis of error rate

Compute error rate on wild type reads

    tic <- proc.time()
    reads_wt <- read.table(paste0(path_analysis_lib7,"barcode01_5d4_SINGLe_countsPNQ.txt"), header=T)
    reads_wt <- reads_wt %>%
        mutate(isWT= nucleotide==wildtype[pos]) %>%
        dplyr::rename(Position=pos, Nucleotide=nucleotide, counts=count)

    total_error_rate <- reads_wt %>% group_by(isWT) %>% dplyr::summarise(counts=sum(counts))
    total_error_perc <- total_error_rate[1,2]/sum(total_error_rate$counts)*100
    cat("Error rate:", as.numeric(round(total_error_perc,2)),"%")

    ## Qscore distribution
    reads_wt_qscore_per_position <- reads_wt %>%
        group_by(QUAL, isWT) %>%
        dplyr::summarise(Counts=sum(counts))

    ## Errors per position
    reads_wt_errors_by_position <- reads_wt %>%
        group_by(Position, Nucleotide,isWT) %>%
        dplyr::summarise(Counts=sum(counts)) %>%
        mutate(n_plot =  floor(Position/300))
    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

### 2.4.1 Figure 1A

    Figure_1A <- ggplot(reads_wt_qscore_per_position,aes(x=QUAL,y=Counts/(10^5),col=isWT))+
        geom_line(lwd=0.5)+
        xlab(expression(Q[score]))+ylab(bquote('Counts'~(x10^5)))+
        scale_color_manual(breaks=c(TRUE,FALSE), labels=c("Correct","Error"),values=c(green_tr,red_tr))+
        theme_plot+
        theme(legend.direction="vertical",
              legend.position = c(.7,.8),
              legend.spacing.y = unit(0.05,"line"),
              legend.key.height = unit(0.5,"line"),
              legend.key.width = unit(0.6,"line"),
              legend.text=element_text(size=rel(.8)),
              legend.title=element_blank(),
              legend.background = element_blank(),
              plot.margin = margin(t=0,r = 0,b = 0,l=0))+
        labs(tag = "A")

    Figure_1A

### 2.4.2 Figure S1 (equivalent to Fig1A normalized)

    Figure_1A_norm <- ggplot(reads_wt_qscore_per_position %>% dplyr::group_by(isWT) %>% dplyr::mutate(NormCounts=Counts/sum(Counts)),aes(x=QUAL,y=NormCounts,col=isWT))+
        geom_line(lwd=0.5)+
        xlab(expression(Q[score]))+ylab('Normalized counts')+
        scale_color_manual(breaks=c(TRUE,FALSE), labels=c("Correct","Error"),values=c(green_tr,red_tr))+
        theme_plot+
        theme(legend.direction="vertical",
              legend.position = c(.7,.7),
              legend.spacing.y = unit(0.05,"line"),
              legend.key.height = unit(1,"line"),
              legend.text=element_text(size=rel(1)),
              legend.title=element_blank(),
              legend.background = element_blank())

    Figure_1A_norm
    ggsave(Figure_1A_norm, filename = paste0(path_save_figures,"Figure1Asuppl.png"),width =8 ,height = 8,dpi='print',units = "cm")

### 2.4.3 Figure 1B

    Figure_1B <- ggplot(reads_wt_errors_by_position %>%
                            filter(!isWT & Nucleotide !="-" & Position >100 & Position < 150),
                        aes(x=Position,y=Counts,fill=Nucleotide))+
        guides(fill=guide_legend(ncol=2))+
        geom_col()+
        scale_x_continuous(breaks=seq(100,150,by=25))+
        theme_plot+
        theme(legend.direction="horizontal",
              legend.position = c(.3,.85),
              legend.key.size =  unit(.5,units = "line"),
              legend.box = "vertical" ,
              legend.background = element_blank(),
              legend.text=element_text(size=rel(.8)),
              legend.title=element_blank(),
              plot.margin = margin(t=0,r = 0,b = 0,l=0)
        )+
        labs(tag = "B")
    Figure_1B

### 2.4.4 Figure S2 (extended Fig 1B)

    Figure_S2 <- ggplot(reads_wt_errors_by_position %>% filter(!isWT & Nucleotide !="-"),
                                         aes(x=Position, y=Counts,fill=Nucleotide))+
        geom_col()+facet_wrap(~n_plot, ncol=1, scales="free_x")+
        theme_plot+
        theme(strip.background = element_blank(), strip.text.x = element_blank(),
              legend.direction="horizontal", legend.position = "top",
              rect= element_rect(fill = NULL, colour = NULL, size = 1,linetype = "solid",inherit.blank = FALSE)
        )

    Figure_S2
    ggsave(Figure_S2, file=paste0(path_save_figures,"FigureS2.png"), dpi = 'print', width = 16, height=22,units="cm")

Choose example of fits

    tic <- proc.time()
    ## Example of fit
    data_fits <- read.table("3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/barcode01_5d4_SINGLe_fits.txt", header = T)
    data_mut <- read.table("3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100/barcode01_5d4_SINGLe_data.txt", header = T)

    position <-  547             #   Choose position to plot, 547 in manuscript
    mut.base <- "A"         #   Choose nucleotide to plot, A in manuscript
    str <- "+"

    #Filter all data by position and base
    data_chosen_pos_base <- data_mut %>%
        filter(pos==position & nucleotide==mut.base & strand==str) %>%
        filter(count>0 | counts.wt>0) %>%
        mutate(ratio=counts.wt/(count+counts.wt),
               ratio_scaled =counts.wt.scaled/(counts.wt.scaled+counts.scaled))
    wt  <- as.character(data_chosen_pos_base$wt.base[1])

    #Filter all fits' data by position and base
    data_fits_chosen_pos_base <- data_fits %>%
        filter(pos==position & (nucleotide==mut.base | nucleotide==wt) & strand==str)
    class_fit_prior <- vapply(data_fits_chosen_pos_base$priors, class)
    if(any(class_fit_prior=="numeric")){
        ind_out <- which(class_fit_prior=="numeric");
        data_fits_chosen_pos_base <- data_fits_chosen_pos_base[-ind_out,]
    }

    #Construct fitting curves
    quality_range <- 0:35   #* You'll draw the fitted curves for this Qscores (x-values)

    curve_fitted_corrected <- data.frame(quality=quality_range,
                                         value=glm.predict.(quality_range, slope = data_fits_chosen_pos_base$prior_slope,
                                                            intercept =data_fits_chosen_pos_base$prior_intercept))

    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

### 2.4.5 Figure 1D

    Figure_1D <- ggplot(data_chosen_pos_base)+
        geom_point(aes(x=QUAL, y=ratio_scaled), size=.5)+
        geom_line(data=curve_fitted_corrected, aes(x=quality, y=value), linetype="dashed", color=single_color)+
        scale_y_continuous(breaks=c(0,0.5,1), limits = c(0,1))+scale_x_continuous(limits=c(0,35))+
        xlab(expression(Q[score]))+ylab(expression(N[correct]))+ggtitle("SINGLe")+
        theme_plot+
        theme(plot.title = element_text(size=8))+
        labs(tag = "D")

    Figure_1D

### 2.4.6 Figure 1C

    fit_nopriors <- stats::glm(data_chosen_pos_base$ratio~ data_chosen_pos_base$QUAL,family = "quasibinomial")
    fit_nopriors_coeff       <- stats::coefficients(fit_nopriors)
    curve_fitted_corrected <- data.frame(quality=quality_range,
                                         value=glm.predict.(quality_range, slope = fit_nopriors_coeff[2],
                                                            intercept =fit_nopriors_coeff[1]))

    Figure_1C <-  ggplot(data_chosen_pos_base, aes(x=QUAL, y=ratio))+geom_point()+
        geom_line(data=curve_fitted_corrected, aes(x=quality, y=value), linetype="dashed", color=guppy_color)+
        scale_y_continuous(breaks=c(0,0.5,1),limits = c(0,1))+scale_x_continuous(limits=c(0,35))+
        xlab(expression(Q[score]))+ylab(expression(N[correct]))+ggtitle("Guppy")+
        theme_plot+
        theme(plot.title = element_text(size=8), plot.margin = margin(t=0.5, l=0.5))+
        labs(tag = "C")
    Figure_1C

### 2.4.7 Figure 1 composition

    Figure1 <- ( Figure_1A | Figure_1B ) / (Figure_1C | Figure_1D)
    Figure1
    ggsave(Figure1, file=paste0(path_save_figures,"Figure1.png"),
           dpi = 'print', width = 8.5, height=8.5,units="cm")

## 2.5 Strand bias analysis

    tic <- proc.time()
    reads_wt <- read.table(paste0(path_analysis_lib7,"barcode01_5d4_SINGLe_countsPNQ.txt"), header=T) %>%
        dplyr::rename(Strand=strand) %>%
        mutate(isWT = nucleotide==wildtype[pos])

    # mean Qscore is similar
    tot_counts_for <- sum(reads_wt %>% filter(Strand=="+") %>% select(count))
    mean_qscore_forward <- reads_wt %>% filter(Strand=="+") %>% summarise( sum(count*QUAL)/tot_counts_for)

    tot_counts_rev <-sum(reads_wt %>% filter(Strand=="-") %>% select(count))
    mean_qscore_reverse <- reads_wt %>% filter(Strand=="-") %>% summarise( sum(count*QUAL)/tot_counts_rev)

    # Qscore distributions are similar:
    counts_hist <- reads_wt %>%
        dplyr::group_by(QUAL,Strand) %>%
        dplyr::summarise(counts=sum(count)) %>%
        ungroup()%>%
        mutate(Proportion = counts/sum(counts)) %>%
        dplyr::rename(Qscore=QUAL) %>%
        mutate(Strand =ifelse(Strand=="+", "Forward","Reverse"))

    # Percentage of errors are similar
    perc_errors <- reads_wt %>%
        group_by(Strand, isWT) %>%
        summarise(counts = sum(count)) %>%
        mutate(isWT = c("yes","no")[2-as.numeric(isWT)])%>%
        reshape2::dcast(formula = Strand ~  isWT) %>%
        mutate(perc_error = no/(yes+no)*100)

    # Percentages of errors per position are different
    perc_errors_perpos <- reads_wt %>%
        group_by(Strand, isWT,pos) %>%
        summarise(counts = sum(count)) %>%
        mutate(isWT = c("yes","no")[2-as.numeric(isWT)])%>%
        reshape2::dcast(formula = Strand +pos ~  isWT) %>%
        mutate(perc_error = no/(yes+no)*100)

    perc_errors_perpos_cast <- reshape2::dcast(perc_errors_perpos,formula=pos~Strand)%>%
        dplyr::rename(Forward="+", Reverse="-")

    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

### 2.5.1 Figure S11

    FigS11A <- ggplot(counts_hist, aes(x=Qscore, y=Proportion,linetype=Strand))+
        geom_line()+theme(legend.position = c(.7,.7))
    FigS11B <- ggplot(perc_errors_perpos_cast, aes(x=Forward,y=Reverse))+
        geom_point(col=rgb(0,0,0,0.3))+
        scale_x_log10(limits=c(00.1,100))+
        scale_y_log10(limits=c(00.1,100))+
        xlab("Error (%) - forward strand")+
        ylab("Error (%) - reverse strand")

    # Thus fits are different
    all_fits <- read.table(paste0(path_analysis_lib7,"/barcode01_5d4_SINGLe_fits.txt"), header = T)
    forward_fits <- all_fits %>% filter(strand=="+")
    reverse_fits <- all_fits %>% filter(strand=="-")
    qval <- seq(0,40,by=0.1)
    par(mfrow=c(1,4), mar=c(4,4,1,1),mgp=c(2,.7,0), las=1)
    first <- T
    for(n in c(1278:1281)+4*7-1){
      y_for <- glm.predict.(x=qval, slope = forward_fits$prior_slope[n], intercept = forward_fits$prior_intercept[n])
      y_rev <- glm.predict.(x=qval, slope = reverse_fits$prior_slope[n], intercept = reverse_fits$prior_intercept[n])
      name <- paste(forward_fits$pos[n], forward_fits$nucleotide[n])
      if(first){
        df <- rbind(data.frame(Qscore=qval,Sense="Forward",Fit=y_for,n=name),
                    data.frame(Qscore=qval,Sense="Reverse",Fit=y_rev,n=name))
        first <- F
      }else{
          df <- rbind(df,
                      rbind(data.frame(Qscore=qval,Sense="Forward",Fit=y_for,n=name),
                            data.frame(Qscore=qval,Sense="Reverse",Fit=y_rev,n=name))
                      )}
    }
    plot_fits_examples <- ggplot(df, aes(x=Qscore,y=Fit,lty=Sense))+geom_line()+facet_wrap(~n,nrow=1)

    FigS11up <- plot_grid(FigS11A,FigS11B+theme(plot.margin=margin(l=10,r=5.5,t=7,b=5.5)),labels=c("A","B"),hjust = 0.1,vjust=1)
    FigS11C <- plot_grid(plot_fits_examples,labels="C",hjust = 0.1)
    FigS11 <-
        plot_grid(FigS11up, FigS11C, nrow=2,hjust = -1)
    ggsave(paste0(path_save_figures,"FigS11_strandsense.png"),
           width = 7.62,height = 5.68,units = "in",dpi = 300)
    FigS11

## 2.6 Compare signal to noise with p_right cut off

For Guppy and SINGLe, compare how does the signal and noise change if we accept as truth only the nucleotides with a p_right higher than a cut off.

Computation (takes ~ 1min).

    tic <- proc.time()
    # Identify errors and correct reads (signal and noise)
    n <- 0
    for(bc_i in kt7_barcodes){
        message('Proccessing ', bc_i, '\n')
        n<- n+1
        #Barcode info
        actual_mutations <- kt_true_mutations%>%                   #mutations present in this barcode
            filter(sequence_id==bc_i)%>% select(nucleotide, position)
        actual_mutations <- actual_mutations[which(actual_mutations$nucleotide!="-"),]

        #Load corrected data
        seqs_single <- readQualityScaledDNAStringSet(paste0(path_analysis_lib7, bc_i,"_SINGLe.fastq"))
        aux_seqs <- vapply(as.character(seqs_single),strsplit, split="")
        aux_quals <- 1-as(quality(seqs_single),"NumericList")
        aux_pos <- lapply(aux_seqs, seq_along)
        aux_names <- c(vapply(names(seqs_single),rep, each=1662))
        data_single <- data.frame(nucleotide = unlist(aux_seqs),
                                    p_SINGLe=unlist(aux_quals),
                                    position=unlist(aux_pos) ,
                                seq_id=aux_names)
        rownames(data_single)<-NULL

        #Load original data
        bf <- Rsamtools::BamFile(paste0(path_analysis_lib7, bc_i,".bam"))
        reads <- Rsamtools::scanBam(bf)
        #keep sequences that start at least at pos_start
        index <- which(reads[[1]]$pos<=pos_start)
        reads[[1]] <- vapply(reads[[1]], function(x){x[index]})

        seqs_guppy <- GenomicAlignments::sequenceLayer(reads[[1]]$seq,
                                    reads[[1]]$cigar,to = "reference")
        names(seqs_guppy) <- reads[[1]]$qname
        scores_guppy <- GenomicAlignments::sequenceLayer(reads[[1]]$qual,
                                    reads[[1]]$cigar,to = "reference")
        names(scores_guppy) <- reads[[1]]$qname

        #Fill with gaps at the end of sequences shorter than pos_end
        index_short_sequences <- which(width(seqs_guppy)<pos_end)
        for(i in index_short_sequences){
            seqs_guppy[i] <- paste0(as.character(seqs_guppy[i]),
                                       paste0(rep("-", pos_end-width(seqs_guppy[i])),
                                              collapse = ""),
                                       collapse = "")
            scores_guppy[i] <- paste0(as.character(scores_guppy[i]),
                                        paste0(rep("-", pos_end-width(scores_guppy[i])),
                                               collapse = ""),
                                        collapse = "")
        }
        seqs_guppy <- subseq(seqs_guppy, start=pos_start+1-reads[[1]]$pos,end=pos_end+1-reads[[1]]$pos)
        scores_guppy <- subseq(scores_guppy, start=pos_start+1-reads[[1]]$pos,end=pos_end+1-reads[[1]]$pos)

        aux_seqs <- vapply(as.character(seqs_guppy),strsplit, split="")
        aux_quals <- 1-as(scores_guppy,"NumericList")
        aux_pos <- lapply(aux_seqs, seq_along)
        aux_names <- c(vapply(names(seqs_guppy),rep, each=1662))
        data_guppy <- data.frame(seq_id=aux_names,
                                position=unlist(aux_pos),
                                nucleotide = unlist(aux_seqs),
                                p_Guppy=unlist(aux_quals)
                                )
        rownames(data_guppy)<-NULL

        data <- full_join(data_single,data_guppy, by=c("seq_id","nucleotide","position")) %>%
            mutate(isWT = nucleotide==wildtype[position]) %>%
            filter(isWT==0 & nucleotide!="-") %>%
            group_by(position, nucleotide, p_Guppy,p_SINGLe) %>%
            dplyr::summarise(counts=n())

        signal_data_aux <- left_join(actual_mutations, data,by = c("nucleotide", "position"))
        noise_data_aux  <- anti_join(data, actual_mutations,by = c("nucleotide", "position"))

        if(nrow(signal_data_aux)+nrow(noise_data_aux) != nrow(data)){stop('Check joins of data')}

        #Store data
        if(n==1){
            signal_data <- signal_data_aux
            noise_data  <- noise_data_aux
        }else{
            signal_data <- rbind(signal_data,signal_data_aux)
            noise_data  <- rbind(noise_data, noise_data_aux)
        }
        rm(signal_data_aux, noise_data_aux, seqs_single, seqs_guppy, data, aux_seqs, aux_quals, aux_pos)
    }

    #Compute signal and noise for different cut-offs
    p_cutoff_vec <- sort(c(0,10^seq(-10,-1, by=.5),seq(0.1,.99, by=0.01)))

    signal_tp <- data.frame(matrix(NA, ncol=5, nrow=length(p_cutoff_vec)))
    colnames(signal_tp) <- c("pcutoff", "Guppy", "SINGLe", "Guppy - weighted", "SINGLe - weighted")
    signal_fn <- noise_tn <- noise_fp <- signal_tp

    noise_data <- noise_data%>% ungroup()
    signal_data <- signal_data %>% ungroup()
    for(i in seq_along(p_cutoff_vec)){
        p_cutoff <- p_cutoff_vec[i]

        signal_tp_aux <-  signal_data %>%
            dplyr::summarise(counts_guppy = sum(counts[p_Guppy       >= p_cutoff]),
                             counts_single = sum(counts[p_SINGLe >= p_cutoff]),
                             counts_guppy_w = sum( (counts*p_Guppy)       [p_Guppy       >= p_cutoff]),
                             counts_single_w = sum( (counts*p_SINGLe) [p_SINGLe >= p_cutoff])
            )

        signal_fn_aux <-  signal_data %>%
            dplyr::summarise(counts_guppy = sum(counts[p_Guppy       < p_cutoff]),
                             counts_single = sum(counts[p_SINGLe < p_cutoff]),
                             counts_guppy_w = sum( (counts*p_Guppy)       [p_Guppy       < p_cutoff]),
                             counts_single_w = sum( (counts*p_SINGLe) [p_SINGLe < p_cutoff])
            )

        noise_fp_aux <-  noise_data %>%
            dplyr::summarise(counts_guppy = sum(counts[p_Guppy       >= p_cutoff]),
                             counts_single = sum(counts[p_SINGLe >= p_cutoff]),
                             counts_guppy_w = sum( (counts*p_Guppy)       [p_Guppy       >= p_cutoff]),
                             counts_single_w = sum( (counts*p_SINGLe) [p_SINGLe >= p_cutoff])
            )

        noise_tn_aux <-  noise_data %>%
            dplyr::summarise(counts_guppy = sum(counts[p_Guppy       < p_cutoff]),
                             counts_single = sum(counts[p_SINGLe < p_cutoff]),
                             counts_gupy_w = sum( (counts*p_Guppy)       [p_Guppy       < p_cutoff]),
                             counts_single_w = sum( (counts*p_SINGLe) [p_SINGLe < p_cutoff])
            )

        signal_tp[i,] <- c(p_cutoff, unlist(signal_tp_aux))
        noise_fp [i,] <- c(p_cutoff, unlist(noise_fp_aux))
        signal_fn[i,] <- c(p_cutoff, unlist(signal_fn_aux))
        noise_tn [i,] <- c(p_cutoff, unlist(noise_tn_aux))
    }

    aux_tp <- melt(signal_tp, id.vars = "pcutoff", value.name = "signal_tp")
    aux_fp <- melt(noise_fp, id.vars = "pcutoff", value.name = "noise_fp")
    aux_fn <- melt(signal_fn, id.vars = "pcutoff", value.name = "signal_fn")
    aux_tn <- melt(noise_tn, id.vars = "pcutoff", value.name = "noise_tn")
    rates <- aux_tp %>% full_join(aux_fp,by = c("pcutoff", "variable"))%>% full_join(aux_fn,by = c("pcutoff", "variable"))%>%full_join(aux_tn,by = c("pcutoff", "variable"))
    rates <- rates %>%
        mutate(ratio = signal_tp / noise_fp)%>%
        mutate(tpr   = signal_tp / (signal_tp + signal_fn))%>%
        mutate(fpr   = noise_fp /  (noise_fp + noise_tn))

    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

### 2.6.1 Figure 2A and 2B

    Figure_2A <- ggplot(rates %>% filter(variable=="Guppy" | variable=="SINGLe"), aes(y=tpr,x=fpr, col=variable))+
        geom_line()+
        scale_color_manual(values=c(guppy_color,single_color), breaks = c("Guppy","SINGLe"))+
        scale_x_continuous(breaks=c(0,0.5,1), limits = c(0,1))+xlab("FPR")+
        scale_y_continuous(breaks=c(0,0.5,1), limits = c(0,1))+ylab("TPR")+
        theme_plot+
        theme(legend.title = element_blank(), legend.position = c(0.6,0.2),legend.spacing.y = unit(0,"cm"),
              legend.key.size = unit(0.5,"lines"), plot.margin = unit(c(0,5.5,5.5,5.5),"points"))+
        labs(tag = "A")

    Figure_2B <-  ggplot(rates %>% filter(variable=="Guppy - weighted" | variable=="SINGLe - weighted") %>% mutate(variable = ifelse(variable == "Guppy - weighted", "Guppy", "SINGLe")), aes(pcutoff, y=ratio, col=variable))+
        geom_line()+
        scale_y_continuous(breaks=seq(1,4))+ylab("Signal / Noise")+
        scale_x_continuous(breaks=c(0,0.5,1), limits = c(0,1))+xlab(expression("Cut off on p"["right"]))+
        scale_color_manual(values=c(guppy_color,single_color), breaks=c("Guppy", "SINGLe"), name="")+
        theme_plot+theme(legend.position = c(0.3,0.85),legend.spacing.y = unit(0,"cm"),
                                    legend.key.size = unit(0.5,"lines"), plot.margin = unit(c(0,5.5,5.5,5.5),"points"))+
        labs(tag = "B")

    Figure_2A
    Figure_2B

### 2.6.2 Figure S5 (similar to Fig 2B)

    Figure_Sup3 <- ggplot(rates %>% filter(variable=="Guppy" | variable=="SINGLe"), aes(pcutoff, y=ratio, col=variable))+
        geom_line()+
        scale_y_continuous(breaks=seq(1,4))+ylab("Signal / Noise")+
        scale_x_continuous(breaks=c(0,0.5,1), limits = c(0,1))+xlab(expression("Cut off on p"["right"]))+
        scale_color_manual(values=c(guppy_color,single_color), breaks=c("Guppy", "SINGLe"), name="")+
        theme_plot+theme(legend.position = c(0.3,0.85),legend.spacing.y = unit(0,"cm"),
                                    legend.key.size = unit(0.5,"lines"), plot.margin = unit(c(0,5.5,5.5,5.5),"points"))
    Figure_Sup3

## 2.7 Convergence of consensus

Compute convergence of consensus. It takes long.

General inputs

    wildtype_homopolymers <-
        c(F, wildtype[2:length(wildtype)] == wildtype[1:(length(wildtype)-1)]) |
        c(wildtype[1:(length(wildtype)-1)] == wildtype[2:length(wildtype)] ,F)
    pos_wt_homopolymers <- which(wildtype_homopolymers)

- Consensus by SINGLe, Guppy and No Weights, not modifying homopolymers

    tic <- proc.time()
    for(i in 1:7){

       #Load corrected data
        seqs_single <- readQualityScaledDNAStringSet(paste0(path_analysis_lib7, kt7_barcodes[i],"_SINGLe.fastq"))
        aux_seqs <- vapply(as.character(seqs_single),strsplit, split="")
        aux_quals <- 1-as(quality(seqs_single),"NumericList")
        aux_pos <- lapply(aux_seqs, seq_along)
        aux_names <- c(vapply(names(seqs_single),rep, each=1662))
        data_single <- data.frame(nucleotide = unlist(aux_seqs),
                                    p_SINGLe=unlist(aux_quals),
                                    position=unlist(aux_pos) ,
                                SeqID=aux_names)
        rownames(data_single)<-NULL

        seqs_original <- readQualityScaledDNAStringSet(paste0(path_analysis_lib7, kt7_barcodes[i],"_SINGLe_original.fastq"))
        aux_seqs <- vapply(as.character(seqs_original),strsplit, split="")
        aux_quals <- 1-as(quality(seqs_original),"NumericList")
        aux_pos <- lapply(aux_seqs, seq_along)
        aux_names <- c(vapply(names(seqs_original),rep, each=1662))
        data_guppy <- data.frame(SeqID=aux_names,
                                position=unlist(aux_pos),
                                nucleotide = unlist(aux_seqs),
                                p_Guppy=unlist(aux_quals)
                                )
        rownames(data_guppy) <- NULL

        data <- full_join(data_single,data_guppy, by=c("SeqID","nucleotide","position")) %>%
            mutate(isWT = nucleotide==wildtype[position]) %>%
            mutate(p_SINGLe=ifelse(is.na(p_SINGLe), 1, p_SINGLe))%>%
            mutate(p_noweights=1)

        #Compute consensus for each barcode using all sequences available and using the three available methods
        file_out_consensus<- paste0(path_analysis_lib7,kt7_barcodes[i],"_ConsensusBySINGLE.txt")
        if(file.exists(file_out_consensus)){file.remove(file_out_consensus)}
        cat("Barcode\tnseqs\trepetition\tmutation\n", file=file_out_consensus,append=F)
        pb <- txtProgressBar(0,length(subsets)*n_repetitions,style=3)
        counter <- 0
        bc_seqsID <- unique(data$SeqID)
        for( s in subsets){
            for (r in 1:n_repetitions) {
                subset_bc_reads <- data %>%
                    filter(SeqID %in% sample(bc_seqsID, s))

                cons_single <- weighted_consensus(df = subset_bc_reads %>%
                                                      select(nucleotide,p_SINGLe,position),
                                               cutoff_prob = 0)
                cons_guppy  <- weighted_consensus(df = subset_bc_reads %>%
                                                      select(nucleotide,p_Guppy,position),
                                               cutoff_prob = 0)
                cons_noweight <- weighted_consensus(df = subset_bc_reads %>%
                                                        select(nucleotide,p_noweights,position),
                                                cutoff_prob = 0)
                muts_single   <- detect_mutations(biostr_to_char(cons_single), wildtype)
                muts_guppy    <- detect_mutations(biostr_to_char(cons_guppy), wildtype)
                muts_noweight <- detect_mutations(biostr_to_char(cons_noweight), wildtype)

                n_single <- length(muts_single)
                n_guppy <- length(muts_guppy)
                n_noweight <- length(muts_noweight)
                n_tot <- n_single+n_guppy+n_noweight
                df <- data.frame(barcode = rep(kt7_barcodes[i],n_tot),
                                nseqs=s,repetition=r,
                                mutation=c(muts_single,muts_guppy,muts_noweight),
                                method = c(rep("SINGLe", n_single),
                                           rep("Guppy",n_guppy),
                                           rep("No weights",n_noweight)))

                write.table(df, append = T, col.names = F,row.names = F, file = file_out_consensus)
                counter <- counter+1
                setTxtProgressBar(pb,counter)
            }
        }

    }
    rm(data)

    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

- Consensus by SINGLe, Guppy and No Weights, sorting homopolymers

    tic <- proc.time()
    for(i in 1:7){

      #Load corrected data
        seqs_single <- readQualityScaledDNAStringSet(paste0(path_analysis_lib7, kt7_barcodes[i],"_SINGLe.fastq"))
        aux_seqs <- vapply(as.character(seqs_single),strsplit, split="")
        aux_quals <- 1-as(quality(seqs_single),"NumericList")
        aux_pos <- lapply(aux_seqs, seq_along)
        aux_names <- c(vapply(names(seqs_single),rep, each=1662))
        data_single <- data.frame(nucleotide = unlist(aux_seqs),
                                    p_SINGLe=unlist(aux_quals),
                                    position=unlist(aux_pos) ,
                                SeqID=aux_names)
        rownames(data_single)<-NULL

        seqs_original <- readQualityScaledDNAStringSet(paste0(path_analysis_lib7, kt7_barcodes[i],"_SINGLe_original.fastq"))
        aux_seqs <- vapply(as.character(seqs_original),strsplit, split="")
        aux_quals <- 1-as(quality(seqs_original),"NumericList")
        aux_pos <- lapply(aux_seqs, seq_along)
        aux_names <- c(vapply(names(seqs_original),rep, each=1662))
        data_guppy <- data.frame(SeqID=aux_names,
                                position=unlist(aux_pos),
                                nucleotide = unlist(aux_seqs),
                                p_Guppy=unlist(aux_quals)
                                )
        rownames(data_guppy) <- NULL

        data <- full_join(data_single,data_guppy, by=c("SeqID","nucleotide","position")) %>%
            mutate(isWT = nucleotide==wildtype[position]) %>%
            mutate(p_SINGLe=ifelse(is.na(p_SINGLe), 1, p_SINGLe))%>%
            mutate(p_noweights=1)

        #Compute consensus for each barcode using all sequences available and using the three available methods
        file_out_consensus<- paste0(path_analysis_lib7,kt7_barcodes[i],"_ConsensusBySINGLE_rmHomopolforVCS.txt")
        if(file.exists(file_out_consensus)){file.remove(file_out_consensus)}
        cat("Barcode\tnseqs\trepetition\tmutation\n", file=file_out_consensus,append=F)
        pb <- txtProgressBar(0,length(subsets)*n_repetitions,style=3)

        counter <- 0
        bc_seqsID <- unique(data$SeqID)
        for( s in subsets){
            for (r in 1:n_repetitions) {
                subset_bc_reads <- data %>%
                    filter(SeqID %in% sample(bc_seqsID, s))

                index_homopolymers <- which(subset_bc_reads$position %in% pos_wt_homopolymers & subset_bc_reads$nucleotide=="-")
                n_memory <- c()
                for(n in index_homopolymers){
                    if(n %in% n_memory){next()}
                    hp_pos <- subset_bc_reads$position[n]
                    hp_pos_ref <- wt_homopolymers[vapply(wt_homopolymers, function(x){hp_pos %in% x})][[1]]
                    hp_vec_logical <- hp_pos_ref==hp_pos
                    hp_vec_length <- length(hp_vec_logical)
                    hp_vec <- rep(NA,hp_vec_length)
                    ind_aux <- which(hp_vec_logical)

                    hp_vec[1:ind_aux] <- rev(n+1-1:ind_aux)
                    if(ind_aux<hp_vec_length){
                        hp_vec[(ind_aux+1):hp_vec_length] <- n+c(1:(hp_vec_length-ind_aux))
                    }
                    n_memory <- hp_vec

                    data_aux <- subset_bc_reads[hp_vec,]
                    if(all(data_aux$nucleotide=="-")){next()}

                    pos <- data_aux$position
                    nucl <- data_aux$nucleotide
                    ind_order <- c(which(nucl!="-"),which(nucl=="-"))

                    subset_bc_reads$position[hp_vec] <- pos[order(ind_order)]

                    if(length( which(subset_bc_reads$position %in% pos_wt_homopolymers &
                                     subset_bc_reads$nucleotide=="-"))<length(index_homopolymers)){
                        cat("n=",n,"\n")
                        stop()
                    }
                }
                subset_bc_reads <- subset_bc_reads %>% arrange(SeqID,position)

                cons_single <- weighted_consensus(df = subset_bc_reads %>%
                                                      select(nucleotide,p_SINGLe,position),
                                               cutoff_prob = 0)
                cons_guppy  <- weighted_consensus(df = subset_bc_reads %>%
                                                      select(nucleotide,p_Guppy,position),
                                               cutoff_prob = 0)
                cons_noweight <- weighted_consensus(df = subset_bc_reads %>%
                                                        select(nucleotide,p_noweights,position),
                                                cutoff_prob = 0)
                muts_single   <- detect_mutations(biostr_to_char(cons_single), wildtype)
                muts_guppy    <- detect_mutations(biostr_to_char(cons_guppy), wildtype)
                muts_noweight <- detect_mutations(biostr_to_char(cons_noweight), wildtype)

                n_single <- length(muts_single)
                n_guppy <- length(muts_guppy)
                n_noweight <- length(muts_noweight)
                n_tot <- n_single+n_guppy+n_noweight
              if(n_tot==0){
                   df <- data.frame(barcode = rep(kt7_barcodes[i],3),
                                nseqs=s,
                                repetition=r,
                                mutation="wildtype",
                                method = c("SINGLe", "Guppy","No weights"))

              }else{
                df <- data.frame(barcode = rep(kt7_barcodes[i],n_tot),
                                nseqs=s,
                                repetition=r,
                                mutation=c(muts_single,muts_guppy,muts_noweight),
                                method = c(rep("SINGLe", n_single),rep("Guppy",n_guppy), rep("No weights",n_noweight)))
              }
                write.table(df, append = T, col.names = F,row.names = F, file = file_out_consensus)
                counter<- counter+1
                setTxtProgressBar(pb,counter)
            }
        }

    }

    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

- Consensus by Nanopolish and Racon+Medaka:

Prepare fast5 files for nanopolish. Please indicate proper paths indicated in capital letters

    tic <- proc.time()
    PATH_TO_FAST5_FILES<- "2_NanoporeRawReads/SmallSet_fast5/" #PATH_TO_FAST5_FILES location of nanopore reads
    dir.create(paste0(path_analysis_lib7,"fast5files/")) # individual fast5 files will be stored there temporally

    # Split to individual files
    split_fast5 <- paste0("multi_to_single_fast5 -i ",PATH_TO_FAST5_FILES, " -s ",path_analysis_lib7, "fast5files/")
    system2(split_fast5)

    input_table_barcodes <- read.table(paste0(path_analysis_lib7,"barcoding_summary.txt"),header=T)
    input_table_barcodes <- input_table_barcodes %>%
        filter(barcode_arrangement %in% kt7_barcodes) %>%
        select(read_id,barcode_arrangement)

    # Split individual files into folders according to barcode
    individual_files <- dir(pattern="*.fast5",path=paste0(path_analysis_lib7,"fast5files/"),recursive=T)
    individual_files <- data.frame(file =individual_files)
    individual_files$read_id <- vapply(individual_files$file, function(x) {
        sub(pattern = ".fast5",replacement = "",x=strsplit(x,split="/", fixed=T)[[1]][2])
        })
    individual_files <- left_join(individual_files,input_table_barcodes)

    for(bc in kt7_barcodes){
        dir.create(paste0(path_analysis_lib7,"fast5files/", bc))
        barcode_files <- individual_files %>% filter(barcode_arrangement==bc)

        commands <- paste0("mv ",path_analysis_lib7,"fast5files/", barcode_files$file," ", path_analysis_lib7,"fast5files/",bc,"/")
        vapply(commands,system2)
    }

    # Create one file per barcode
    dir.create(paste0(path_analysis_lib7, "fast5files_grouped"))
    for(bc in kt7_barcodes){
        dir.create(paste0(path_analysis_lib7, "fast5files_grouped/",bc))
        command <- paste0("single_to_multi_fast5 -i ",path_analysis_lib7,"fast5files/", bc, " -s ", path_analysis_lib7,"fast5files_grouped/",bc, " -f ", bc, " -n ", 1000)
        system2(command)
    }

    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

Create bash file to compute consensus by nanopolish and medaka

    tic <- proc.time()
    dir.create(paste0(path_analysis_lib7,"subsets/"))
    wd <- getwd()
    for(bc in kt7_barcodes){
        cat(bc,"\n")

        store_path <- paste0(path_analysis_lib7,"subsets/")
        fastq_file <- readLines(paste0(path_analysis_lib7, bc,".fastq"))
        name_lines <- grep(pattern="^@",x=fastq_file)
        bash_file <- paste0(path_analysis_lib7,bc, ".sh")
        cat("#!/bin/bash \n",file=bash_file, append=F)
        cat(paste0("cd ", wd,"\n"), file=bash_file,append=T)

        results_racon      <- paste0(path_analysis_lib7,bc,"_ConsensusbyRacon.txt")
        results_medaka     <- paste0(path_analysis_lib7,bc,"_ConsensusbyMedaka.txt")
        nanopolish_results <- paste0(path_analysis_lib7,bc,"_ConsensusbyNanopolish.txt")
        file.create(results_racon,overwrite=TRUE)
        file.create(results_medaka,overwrite=TRUE)
        file.create(nanopolish_results,overwrite=TRUE)

        for(ns in subsets){
            cat("\t subset size",ns,"\n")
            if(ns> length(name_lines)){next()}
            for(r in 1:n_repetitions){
                # cat("----------------",ns, r, "\n")
                basename <- paste0(bc,"_",ns,"_",r)
                filename <- paste0(store_path,basename)
                fastq <- paste0(filename,".fastq")

                ## Make file of subset of sequences
                choose_lines <- sample(name_lines, size= ns)
                choose_lines_all <- sort(c(choose_lines,choose_lines+1,choose_lines+2,choose_lines+3))
                writeLines(text = fastq_file[choose_lines_all], con = file(fastq))

                sam        <- paste0(filename,".sam")
                sorted     <- paste0(filename,".sorted.fasta")
                racon      <- paste0(filename,".racon.fasta")
                medaka     <- paste0(filename,"_medaka.fasta")
                nanopolish <- paste0(filename,"_nanopolish.txt")

                ## Run minimap2
                line_minimap <- paste0("minimap2 -ax map-ont ", reference_file, " ", fastq," > ", sam)

                ## Run racon
                line_racon <- paste0("racon ",fastq," ",sam, " ",reference_file, " >> ", racon)
                line_results_racon <- paste0("echo '>",basename, "' >> ",results_racon)
                line_results_racon2 <- paste0("tail -n 1 ",racon, " >> ",results_racon)
                line_remove_racon <- paste0("rm ", racon,".fai ",racon, ".mmi ",racon  )

                ## Run Medaka
                line_medaka <- paste0("medaka_consensus -i ",fastq," -d ",racon,"  -o ", medaka," -t 4 ")
                line_results_medaka <- paste0("echo '>",basename, "' >> ",results_medaka)
                line_results_medaka2 <- paste0("tail -n 1 ",filename,"_medaka.fasta/consensus.fasta", " >> ",results_medaka)
                line_remove_medaka <- paste0("rm -r ",filename,"_medaka.fasta/")

                ## Run nanopolish
                line_nanopolish_index  <- paste0("nanopolish index -d ", path_analysis_lib7, "fast5files_grouped/",bc," ",fastq)
                line_nanpolish_sort    <- paste0(" samtools sort ",sam," -o ",filename,".sorted.fastq -T temporal.tmp ")
                line_nanopolish_index2 <- paste0("samtools index ", filename,".sorted.fastq")
                line_nanopolish_variants <- paste0("nanopolish variants --consensus -o ", nanopolish, " -r ",fastq," -b ",filename,".sorted.fastq -g ", reference_file)
                line_results_nanopolish <- paste0("awk '!/^#/ {print \"",filename,"\\t\" $0}' ",nanopolish, " >> ",nanopolish_results)
                line_remove_nanopolish <- paste0("rm ", filename,".fastq.index* ", filename,".sorted* ", nanopolish, " ", filename,".sam ")

                cat(line_minimap,
                    line_racon,
                    line_results_racon,
                    line_results_racon2,
                    line_medaka,
                    line_results_medaka,
                    line_results_medaka2,
                    line_nanopolish_index,
                    line_nanpolish_sort,
                    line_nanopolish_index2,
                    line_nanopolish_variants,
                    line_results_nanopolish,
                    line_remove_racon,
                    line_remove_medaka,
                    line_remove_nanopolish,
                    file=bash_file, sep="\n", append=T)
            }
        }
    }

    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

Run barcodeXX.sh bash files in a terminal with conda activate medaka:

    cd 3_Analysis/KT7_1700_2100
    chmod +x *sh

    conda activate medaka

    nohup ./barcode05.sh > bc05_out.log 2>bc05_err.log &
    nohup ./barcode06.sh > bc06_out.log 2>bc06_err.log &
    nohup ./barcode07.sh > bc07_out.log 2>bc07_err.log &
    nohup ./barcode08.sh > bc08_out.log 2>bc08_err.log &
    nohup ./barcode09.sh > bc09_out.log 2>bc09_err.log &
    nohup ./barcode10.sh > bc10_out.log 2>bc10_err.log &
    nohup ./barcode11.sh > bc11_out.log 2>bc11_err.log &

Run NextPolish

    tic <- proc.time()
    create_run_cfg <- function(run_cfg_file, ref_fasta, workdir){
        cat("[General]\n", file=run_cfg_file, append=FALSE)
        cat('job_type = local\n', file=run_cfg_file, append=TRUE)
        cat('job_prefix = nextPolish\n', file=run_cfg_file, append=TRUE)
        cat('task = best\n', file=run_cfg_file, append=TRUE)
        cat('rewrite = yes\n', file=run_cfg_file, append=TRUE)
        cat('rerun = 3\n', file=run_cfg_file, append=TRUE)
        cat('parallel_jobs = 2\n', file=run_cfg_file, append=TRUE)
        cat('multithread_jobs = 4\n', file=run_cfg_file, append=TRUE)
        cat('genome =', ref_fasta,' #genome file\n', file=run_cfg_file, append=TRUE)
        cat('genome_size = auto\n', file=run_cfg_file, append=TRUE)
        cat('workdir =',workdir, "\n",file=run_cfg_file, append=TRUE, sep="")
        cat('   polish_options = -p {multithread_jobs}\n', file=run_cfg_file, append=TRUE)

        cat('[lgs_option]\n', file=run_cfg_file, append=TRUE)
        cat('lgs_fofn =lgs.fofn\n', file=run_cfg_file, append=TRUE)
        cat('lgs_options = -min_read_len 1k -max_depth 100\n', file=run_cfg_file, append=TRUE)
        cat('lgs_minimap2_options = -x map-ont\n', file=run_cfg_file, append=TRUE)
        return(0)
    }

    dir.create(paste0(path_analysis_lib7,"nextpolish/"))
    system2(paste0("cp ", reference_file, " ",path_analysis_lib7,"nextpolish/"))
    for(bc in kt7_barcodes){
        save_file <- paste0(path_analysis_lib7,bc, "_ConsensusbyNextPolish.fasta")

        for(ns in subsets){
            cat("\t",ns,"\n")
            if(ns> length(name_lines)){next()}
            for(r in 1:n_repetitions){
                cat("----------------",ns, r, "\n")

                #Create file with subset of sequences
                subset_name <- paste0(bc,"_",ns, "_",r)
                filename_subset <- paste0(run_folder,subset_name,".fastq")

                ## Run nextpolish
                system2(paste0("mv ", path_analysis_lib7,"subsets/", subset_name, ".fastq ", path_analysis_lib7,"nextpolish/"))
                system2(paste0("echo '", subset_name,".fastq' >", path_analysis_lib7,"nextpolish/lgs.fofn"))
                create_run_cfg(run_cfg_file=paste0(path_analysis_lib7,"nextpolish/run.cfg"),
                               ref_fasta="KTrefORF_1662.fasta",
                               workdir=paste0(subset_name,"/"))
                system2(paste0("cd ",path_analysis_lib7,"nextpolish/ ; nextPolish run.cfg"))
                system2(paste0("sed -i '1s/.*/>",subset_name,"'/ ",path_analysis_lib7,"nextpolish/",subset_name, "/genome.nextpolish.fasta "))
                system2(paste0("cat ",path_analysis_lib7,"nextpolish/", subset_name, "/genome.nextpolish.fasta >>", save_file))
                system2(paste0("rm -r ", path_analysis_lib7,"nextpolish/", subset_name))
                system2(paste0("rm -r ", path_analysis_lib7,"nextpolish/", subset_name,".fastq"))
                system2(paste0("rm -r ", path_analysis_lib7,"nextpolish/lgs.fofn"))
                system2(paste0("rm -r ", path_analysis_lib7,"nextpolish/run.cfg"))
            }
        }
    }
    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

Identify mutations

    tic <- proc.time()
    df_nextpolish <- data.frame(
        Barcode=NA,
        Nreads=NA,
        repetition=NA,
        mutation=NA
    )
    for(bc in kt7_barcodes){
        np<- readDNAStringSet(paste0(path_analysis_lib7,bc, "_ConsensusbyNextPolish.fasta"))

        ali <- pairwiseAlignment(pattern = np, subject = wildtypye_bstr)
        for(i in seq_along(ali)){
            ref <- biostr_to_char(subject(ali[i]))
            seq <- biostr_to_char(pattern(ali[i]))
            ind_noI <- which(ref!="-")
            ref <- ref[ind_noI]
            seq <- seq[ind_noI]
            mutations <- detect_mutations(seq,ref)
            ids <- str_split(names(np)[i], "_")[[1]]
            if(length(mutations)==0){next()}
            df_aux <- data.frame(Barcode=ids[1],
                                 Nreads=as.numeric(str_remove(ids[2],"s")),
                                 repetition=as.numeric(str_remove(ids[3],"r")),
                                 mutation = mutations)
            df_nextpolish <- rbind(df_nextpolish,df_aux)
        }
    }
    df_nextpolish <- df_nextpolish %>% filter(!is.na(Barcode))
    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

Re-shape results to a unique matrix

    tic <- proc.time()
    # Racon
    racon_mismatches <- data.frame(Barcode=NA,Nreads=NA,repetition=NA,Position=NA,base.original=NA,base.mutated=NA,mutation=NA)
    for(bc in kt7_barcodes){
        racon_consensus <- readDNAStringSet(paste0(path_analysis_lib7,bc,"_ConsensusbyRacon.txt"))
        for(i in seq_along(racon_consensus)){
            name <- names(racon_consensus)[i]
            info <- strsplit(split="_",x=name)[[1]]

            racon <- racon_consensus[[i]]
            ali <- pairwiseAlignment(wildtype_bstr,racon)
            ref <- strsplit(as.character(pattern(ali)), split="")[[1]]
            read <- strsplit(as.character(subject(ali)),split="")[[1]]
            index <- which(ref!=read)
            mismatches <- paste0(ref[index],index,read[index])
            if(length(mismatches)>0){
                df_aux <- data.frame(Barcode=bc,Nreads=info[2],repetition=info[3],Position=index,
                                     base.original=ref[index],base.mutated=read[index],mutation=mismatches)
                racon_mismatches <- racon_mismatches %>% rbind(df_aux)
            }
        }
    }
    racon_mismatches <- racon_mismatches %>% filter(!is.na(Barcode)) %>% mutate(method="Racon",homopolymers=NA)

    # Medaka
    medaka_mismatches <- data.frame(Barcode=NA,Nreads=NA,repetition=NA,Position=NA,base.original=NA,base.mutated=NA,mutation=NA)
    for(bc in kt7_barcodes){
        medaka_consensus <- readDNAStringSet(paste0(path_analysis_lib7,bc,"_ConsensusbyMedaka.txt"))
        for(i in seq_along(medaka_consensus)){
            name <- names(medaka_consensus)[i]
            info <- strsplit(split="_",x=name)[[1]]

            medaka <- medaka_consensus[[i]]
            ali <- pairwiseAlignment(wildtype_bstr,medaka)
            ref <- strsplit(as.character(pattern(ali)), split="")[[1]]
            read <- strsplit(as.character(subject(ali)),split="")[[1]]
            index <- which(ref!=read)
            mismatches <- paste0(ref[index],index,read[index])
            if(length(mismatches)>0){
                df_aux <- data.frame(Barcode=bc,Nreads=info[2],repetition=info[3],Position=index,
                                     base.original=ref[index],base.mutated=read[index],mutation=mismatches)
                medaka_mismatches <- medaka_mismatches %>% rbind(df_aux)
            }
        }
    }
    medaka_mismatches <- medaka_mismatches %>% filter(!is.na(Barcode))  %>% mutate(method="Medaka",homopolymers=NA)

    # Nanopolish
    nanopolish_mismatches <- data.frame(Barcode=NA,Nreads=NA,repetition=NA,Position=NA,base.original=NA,base.mutated=NA)
    for(bc in kt7_barcodes){

        results_nanopolish <- system2(paste0("awk \'/^[^#]/ \' ",bc,"_ConsensusbyNanopolish.txt"), intern = T)
        if(length(results_nanopolish)==0){next()}
        aux_nanopolish <- do.call(rbind,vapply(results_nanopolish, strsplit, split="\t"))
        colnames(aux_nanopolish) <- rownames(aux_nanopolish) <- NULL
        aux_nanopolish <- aux_nanopolish[,c(1,3,5,6)]
        info <- vapply(aux_nanopolish[,1],strsplit,split="_")

        if(nrow(aux_nanopolish)>0){
            aux_nanopolish <- data.frame(Barcode=bc,
                                         Nreads=vapply(info, function(x){x[2]}),
                                         repetition=vapply(info, function(x){x[3]}),
                                         Position=aux_nanopolish[,2],
                                         base.original=aux_nanopolish[,3],base.mutated=aux_nanopolish[,4])
            nanopolish_mismatches <- nanopolish_mismatches %>% rbind(aux_nanopolish)
        }
    }

    nanopolish_mismatches <- nanopolish_mismatches %>% filter(!is.na(Barcode)) %>%
        mutate(Nreads=as.numeric(Nreads), repetition=as.numeric(repetition), Position=as.numeric(Position))

    #remove insertions
    ind_insertions <- nchar(nanopolish_mismatches$base.mutated)>1
    nanopolish_mismatches$base.mutated[ind_insertions] <- vapply(nanopolish_mismatches$base.mutated[ind_insertions] , substr,1,1)
    nanopolish_mismatches <- nanopolish_mismatches %>% filter(base.mutated!=base.original)

    #split deletions
    index_aux <- which(nchar(nanopolish_mismatches$base.original)==2)
    nanopolish_mismatches$base.original[index_aux] <- substr(nanopolish_mismatches$base.original[index_aux],2,2)
    nanopolish_mismatches$base.mutated[index_aux] <- "-"
    nanopolish_mismatches$Position[index_aux] <- as.numeric(nanopolish_mismatches$Position[index_aux])+1

    index_aux_3 <- which(nchar(nanopolish_mismatches$base.original)==3)
    aux_df_1 <- nanopolish_mismatches[index_aux_3,]
    aux_df_1$Position <- as.numeric(aux_df_1$Position)+1
    aux_df_1$base.original <- substr(aux_df_1$base.original, 2,2)
    aux_df_1$base.mutated <- "-"

    aux_df_2 <- nanopolish_mismatches[index_aux_3,]
    aux_df_2$Position <- as.numeric(aux_df_2$Position)+2
    aux_df_2$base.original <- substr(aux_df_2$base.original, 3,3)
    aux_df_2$base.mutated <- "-"

    nanopolish_mismatches <- nanopolish_mismatches[-index_aux_3,]
    nanopolish_mismatches <- nanopolish_mismatches %>% rbind(aux_df_1) %>% rbind(aux_df_2) %>% arrange(Barcode,Nreads,repetition,Position) %>% mutate(method="Nanopolish",homopolymers=NA, mutation=paste0(base.original,Position,base.mutated))

    #SINGLe

    single_mismatches <- lapply(kt7_barcodes,
                                  function(x){
                                      name=paste0(x,"_ConsensusBySINGLE.txt")
                                      y = read.table(name, header=T,row.names=NULL)
                                      return(y)})
    colnames(single_mismatches) <- c("Barcode","Nreads","repetition","mutation","method")
    single_mismatches$homopolymers <- "original"

    single_mismatches_sortHP <- lapply(kt7_barcodes,
                                       function(x){
                                           name=paste0(x,"_ConsensusBySINGLE_50reps_rmHomopolforVCS.txt")
                                           y = read.table(name, header=T,row.names=NULL)
                                           return(y)})
    colnames(single_mismatches_sortHP) <- c("Barcode","Nreads","repetition","mutation","method")
    single_mismatches_sortHP$homopolymers = "sorted_at_VCS"

    single_mismatches <- rbind(single_mismatches_sortHP,single_mismatches) %>%
        mutate(base.original = str_sub(mutation,1,1),
               base.mutated=str_sub(mutation,-1,-1),
               position=str_sub(mutation,start=2,end=-2)) %>%
        mutate(position = as.numeric(position)) %>% dplyr::rename(Position=position)  %>%
        mutate(method = recode(method,!!!setNames(c("SINGLe","Guppy","No weights"),c("single","nanopore","no_weights"))))

    df_nextpolish  <- df_nextpolish %>%
        mutate(method="NextPolish") %>%
        mutate(homopolymers=NA) %>%
        mutate(base.original = str_sub(mutation, 1,1)) %>%
        mutate(base.mutated = str_sub(mutation, -1,-1)) %>%
        mutate(Position = str_sub(mutation,2,-2))

    #Save
    kt7_mismatches_subsets_allMethods <- rbind(medaka_mismatches,nanopolish_mismatches,single_mismatches, df_nextpolish)
    write.table(kt7_mismatches_subsets_allMethods, file=paste0(path_analysis_lib7, "KT7_ConsensusConvergence.txt"))

    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

- Consensus by NextPolish

Load results of previous chunks

    kt7_mismatches_subsets_allMethods <- read.table(paste0(path_analysis_lib7, "KT7_ConsensusConvergence.txt"), header=T)

Compute averages

    tic <- proc.time()
    consensus_by_method <- kt7_mismatches_subsets_allMethods %>%
        mutate(variant = recode(Barcode, !!!kt7_bc2mut))

    #correct equivalent deletion
    ind_aux <- which(consensus_by_method$mutation=="G489-")
    consensus_by_method$mutation[ind_aux] <- "G490-"
    consensus_by_method$Position[ind_aux] <- 490

    consensusStrand_by_method <- consensus_by_method  %>%
        group_by(Barcode,variant,Nreads,repetition,method,homopolymers) %>%
        summarise(consensus = paste(mutation, collapse=" ")) %>%
        left_join(kt7_true_mutants, by="Barcode") %>%
        mutate(correct = consensus==true_consensus)

    n_correct_consensus_average <- consensusStrand_by_method %>%
        group_by(Barcode,variant,Nreads,method,homopolymers) %>%
        summarise(total_correct = sum(correct)) %>%
        mutate(success_rate = total_correct/50)

    nmismatches_by_method <- consensus_by_method %>%
        group_by(Barcode,variant,Nreads,repetition, method,homopolymers) %>%
        summarise(n_mismatches=n())

    average_nmismatches_by_method <- nmismatches_by_method %>%
        group_by(Barcode,variant,Nreads,method,homopolymers) %>%
        summarise(mean=sum(n_mismatches)/50,median=median(n_mismatches))

    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

### 2.7.1 Figure 2C

    linetype_vector <- c("solid","solid","dashed","dashed","solid","solid")
    names(linetype_vector) <- c("Medaka","Nanopolish","Guppy","No weights","SINGLe","NextPolish")

    average_mismatch_to_plot <- average_nmismatches_by_method %>%
        filter(method !="Racon") %>%
        filter((method=="SINGLe" & homopolymers=="sorted_at_VCS") |
                   is.na(homopolymers) |
                   (method!="SINGLe" & homopolymers=="original") )

    n_correct_to_plot <- n_correct_consensus_average %>% filter(method !="Racon") %>%
        filter((method=="SINGLe" & homopolymers=="sorted_at_VCS") |is.na(homopolymers) | (method!="SINGLe" & homopolymers=="original") )

    Figure_2C <- ggplot(average_mismatch_to_plot %>%filter(Barcode=="barcode09"),
                               aes(x=Nreads, y=mean, col=method,lty=method))+
        geom_point(size=0.5)+geom_line()+
        ylab("Mismatches")+
        xlab("Reads")+xlim(c(0,20))+
        scale_color_manual(values=colors_vector_capital)+
        scale_linetype_manual(values=linetype_vector, guide="none")+
        theme_plot+
        theme(legend.position = "none",plot.margin = unit(c(0,5.5,5.5,5.5),"points"))+
        labs(tag = "C")

    Figure_2C

### 2.7.2 Figure 2D

    Figure_2D <- ggplot(n_correct_to_plot ,
                         aes(x=Nreads,y=success_rate,col=method, lty=method))+
        geom_point(size=1)+
        geom_line()+
        guides(col=guide_legend(ncol=1))+
        geom_hline(aes(yintercept=0.9),col=grey(.5),linetype="dashed")+
        scale_color_manual(values=colors_vector_capital[-6])+
        scale_linetype_manual(values=linetype_vector, guide="none")+
        theme_plot+
        scale_y_continuous(breaks=c(0,.5,1), limits = c(0,1))+
        scale_x_continuous(breaks=c(10,30,50))+
        theme(
              legend.position = c(0.8,0.5),
              legend.box.margin = margin(0,0,0,0),
              legend.box.spacing=unit(1,"pt"))+
        facet_wrap(~variant, ncol=3, dir = "v")+
        labs(tag = "D",x="Reads",y="Success rate",col="Method")

    Figure_2D

### 2.7.3 Figure 2 composition

    Figure2 <- grid.arrange(Figure_2A , Figure_2B ,Figure_2C, Figure_2D,
                 layout_matrix=matrix(c(1,2,3,4,4,4), byrow = T,nrow=2),
                 heights=c(1,3))
    Figure2
    ggsave(Figure2, file=paste0(path_save_figures,"Figure2.png"), dpi = 'print', width = 16, height=20,units="cm")

## 2.8 Sensibility and sensitivity of consensus by method

Compute TP/FP/TN/FN by method

    tic <- proc.time()
    kt7_mismatches_subsets_allMethods <- read.table(paste0(path_analysis_lib7, "KT7_ConsensusConvergence.txt"), header=T)

    consensus_by_method <- kt7_mismatches_subsets_allMethods %>%
        mutate(variant = recode(Barcode, !!!kt7_bc2mut))

    data_mutations_local <- kt_true_mutations %>%
        mutate(wt = wildtype[position]) %>%
        mutate(mutation =paste0(wt,position,nucleotide)) %>%
        dplyr::rename(Barcode=sequence_id)%>%
        select(Barcode, mutation) %>%
        mutate(true_mut =1) %>%
        group_by(Barcode) %>%
        mutate(n_muts = n())

    a <- consensus_by_method %>%
        filter(method!="Racon") %>%
        filter((method=="SINGLe" & homopolymers=="sorted_at_VCS") |is.na(homopolymers) | (method!="SINGLe" & homopolymers=="original") )%>%
        select(Barcode, Nreads, repetition, mutation, method) %>%
        left_join(data_mutations_local %>% select(-n_muts), by=c("Barcode", "mutation")) %>%
        mutate(true_mut = ifelse(is.na(true_mut), 0,true_mut)) %>%
        left_join(data_mutations_local %>% select(-true_mut, - mutation) %>% unique(), by=c("Barcode"))%>%
        mutate(variant = recode(Barcode, !!!kt7_bc2mut)) %>%
        select(-Barcode) %>%
        dplyr::rename(Method=method)

    class_vec <- c("True mutations", "False mutations", "False wild type", "True wild type", "Detected mutations")
    names(class_vec) <- c("true_pos","false_pos","false_neg","true_neg", "total_mut")

    sum_a_melt_av <- a %>%
        group_by(variant,Nreads, repetition,Method) %>%
        summarise(total_mut = n(),
                  true_pos = sum(true_mut),
                  false_pos =sum(1-true_mut),
                  n_muts=mean(n_muts)) %>%
        mutate(false_neg = n_muts-true_pos, true_neg=1662-total_mut-false_neg) %>%
        reshape2::melt(c("variant","Nreads","repetition","Method")) %>%
        group_by(variant,Nreads, Method, variable) %>%
        dplyr::summarise(mean_value = mean(value))%>%
        mutate(variable = recode(variable, !!!class_vec))

    sum_sens <- sum_a_melt_av %>%
        group_by(Nreads, variant, Method) %>%
        reshape2::dcast(Nreads+ variant+Method~variable) %>%
        mutate(sensitivity = `True mutations`/(`True mutations` + `False wild type`) ) %>%
        mutate(specificity = `True wild type`/(`True wild type` + `False mutations`) )

    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

### 2.8.1 Figure S6

    Figure_S6A <- ggplot(sum_a_melt_av %>% filter(Nreads <10 & variable != "n_muts" ),
           aes(x=Nreads, y=mean_value, col=Method))+
        geom_line()+
        facet_grid(variable~variant, scales = "free_y", labeller = label_wrap_gen(width=10))+
        xlab("Reads")+ylab("Mean of counts")+
        theme_plot+
        scale_color_manual(values=colors_vector_capital[-6])+
        theme(legend.position = "none")+
        ggtitle(label="A")

    Figure_S6B <-ggplot(sum_sens %>% filter(Nreads <10  ),
           aes(x=specificity, y=sensitivity, col=Method))+
        facet_grid(~variant,  labeller = label_wrap_gen(width=10))+
        geom_point()+geom_line()+
        theme_plot+
        scale_color_manual(values=colors_vector_capital[-6])+
        theme(legend.position = "bottom", strip.background = element_blank(),
              strip.text.x = element_blank(),plot.margin = margin(t = 0,r=35,b = 0,l = 10))+
        ggtitle(label="B")+
        scale_x_continuous(breaks=c(0.990,1))+
        scale_y_continuous(breaks=c(0.2,0.6,1.0))

    Figure_S6 <- grid.arrange(Figure_S6A , Figure_S6B,
                            layout_matrix=matrix(c(1,2), byrow = T,nrow=2),
                            heights=c(2.5,1))

    ggsave(Figure_S6,filename=paste0(path_save_figures,"FigureS6.png"), width=16, height = 18, units = "cm", dpi='print')

### Figure S4 (homopolymers)
Homopolymers analysis

```r Figure_S4 <- ggplot(n_correct_consensus_average %>% filter(method %in% c(“SINGLe”,“No weights”,“Guppy”)), aes(x=Nreads,y=success_rate,col=method,lty=homopolymers))+ geom_line()+facet_grid(method~variant)+ ylab(“Success rate”)+geom_hline(aes(yintercept=0.9),col=grey(.5), lty=“dashed”)+ xlab(“Reads”)+ scale_color_manual(values=colors_vector_capital[c(1,3,5)],name=“Method”)+ scale_linetype_manual(values=c(“solid”,“dashed”),name=“Homopolymers”,labels=c(“Original”,“Sorted”))+ scale_y_continuous(breaks=c(0,.5,1), limits = c(0,1))+scale_x_continuous(breaks=c(10,20,30,40,50))+ theme_plot+ theme(legend.position = “bottom”,legend.spacing.y = unit(0,“line”), legend.key.size = unit(1.5,“line”), plot.margin = unit(c(0,5.5,5.5,5.5),“points”), strip.background = element_rect(fill= “white”)) Figure_S4

ggsave(Figure_S4,filename=paste0(path_save_figures,“FigureS4.png”), width=17, height = 10, units = “cm”, dpi=‘print’) ```

# 3 KlenTaq large library

### 3.0.1 Filenames

    file_out_consensus<- paste0(path_analysis_lib,"/KTLib_ConsensusSINGLe.txt")
    file_out_consensus_topten  <- paste0(path_analysis_lib,"KTLib_ConsensusbySINGLe_toptenBC.txt")
    file_consensus_KTLib <- paste0(path_analysis_lib, "KTLib_consensus_table.txt")

## 3.1 Basecall, align, detect barcodes, SINGLe

Basecalling

    guppy_basecaller -i 2_NanoporeRawReads/LargeSet_fast5 -s 3_Analysis/LargeSet_SUP -c dna_r9.4.1_450bps_sup.cfg -x 'cuda:0' -r
    #Filter sequences by length (1700 to 2100 bp)
    mkdir 3_Analysis/KTLib/
    awk 'NR % 4 ==2 && length($0) > 1700 && length($0) <2100 {print f  "\n" $0;getline;print;getline;print}  {f=$0}' 3_Analysis/LargeSet_SUP/pass/*fastq > 3_Analysis/KTLib/KTLib_1700_2100.fastq

Keep reads with mean Qscore>15

    seqsum_ktlib <- read.table("3_Analysis/LargeSet_SUP/sequencing_summary.txt", header=T) %>%
        filter(passes_filtering & mean_qscore_template>15) %>%
        select(read_id)

    file_ktlib_fastq <- "3_Analysis/KTLib/KTLib_1700_2100.fastq"#LargeSet_1700_2100.fastq"
    file_ktlib_q15_fastq  <- "3_Analysis/KTLib/KTLib_1700_2100_Q15.fastq"
    nlines <- as.numeric(str_split(system2(paste0("wc -l ",file_ktlib_fastq), intern=T), pattern=" ")[[1]][1])
    connectionFile <- file(file_ktlib_fastq,"r")
    n<-0
    pb <- txtProgressBar(0,nlines,style = 3)
    while(n < nlines){
      line <- readLines(connectionFile,n=1)
      id <- substr(line,2,37)
      if(id %in% seqsum_ktlib$read_id){
        cat(line,"\n",file = file_ktlib_q15_fastq, append=T, sep="")
        line <- readLines(connectionFile,n=1)
        cat(line,"\n",file = file_ktlib_q15_fastq, append=T, sep="")
        line <- readLines(connectionFile,n=1)
        cat(line,"\n",file = file_ktlib_q15_fastq, append=T, sep="")
        line <- readLines(connectionFile,n=1)
        cat(line,"\n",file = file_ktlib_q15_fastq, append=T, sep="")
      }else{
        line <- readLines(connectionFile,n=3)
      }
        n <- n+4
      setTxtProgressBar(pb,n)
    }
     close(connectionFile)

Alignment using minimap2

    minimap2 -ax map-ont 1_ReferenceFiles/KTB_digested.fasta 3_Analysis/KTLib/KTLib_1700_2100_Q15.fastq > 3_Analysis/KTLib/KTLib_1700_2100_Q15.sam

    samtools view -S -b 3_Analysis/KTLib/KTLib_1700_2100_Q15.sam > 3_Analysis/KTLib/KTLib_1700_2100_Q15.bam #TRANSFORM TO BAM
    samtools sort 3_Analysis/KTLib/KTLib_1700_2100_Q15.bam -o 3_Analysis/KTLib/KTLib_1700_2100_Q15.sorted.bam #SORT BAM FILE

SINGLe correction

    tic <- proc.time()
    pos_start <- 103
    pos_end <- 1764

    single_evaluate(bamfile    = "3_Analysis/KTLib/KTLib_1700_2100_Q15.sorted.bam",
                    single_fits   = single_train,
                    output_file = "3_Analysis/KTLib/KTLib_1700_2100_Q15_SINGLe.fastq",
                    refseq_fasta = reference_file,
                    pos_start=pos_start,pos_end=pos_end,
                    verbose=T,gaps_weights="minimum",save=TRUE,
                    save_original_scores=TRUE)

    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

Barcodes detection. First create bash file.

    tic <-  proc.time()
    ## Inputs
    bc_before   <- "actggc"
    bc_after    <- "aagcc"
    bc_before   <- toupper(bc_before)
    bc_after    <- toupper(bc_after)
    l           <- nchar(bc_before)
    length_bc   <- 36
    length_deltabc <- 2

    inFile    <- "KTLib_1700_2100_Q15.fastq"
    out.file  <- "KTLib_1700_2100_barcodes.txt"
    code.file <- "3_Analysis/KTLib/FindBarcodes.sh"

    bc_min <- length_bc-length_deltabc
    bc_max <- length_bc+length_deltabc

    ## All possible variations of barcodes
    bc_before_compl <- dna_reverse_complement_string(bc_before)
    bc_after_compl <- dna_reverse_complement_string(bc_after)

    bc_before_all       <- bc_one_mutation(bc_before)
    bc_before_compl_all <- bc_one_mutation(bc_before_compl)
    bc_after_all        <- bc_one_mutation(bc_after)
    bc_after_compl_all  <- bc_one_mutation(bc_after_compl)

    bc_combinations <- rbind(data.frame(before=bc_before,after= bc_after, forw=TRUE),
                             data.frame(before=bc_before_all, after=bc_after, forw=TRUE),
                             data.frame(before=bc_before, after=bc_after_all, forw=TRUE),
                             data.frame(before=bc_after_compl, after=bc_before_compl, forw=FALSE),
                             data.frame(before=bc_after_compl, after=bc_before_compl_all, forw=FALSE),
                             data.frame(before=bc_after_compl_all, after=bc_before_compl, forw=FALSE))

    ## Main
    if(file.exists(code.file)){file.remove(code.file)} ; file.create(code.file)
    cat("#!/bin/bash\n\n",file=code.file)
    cat("echo \"Name\tLineInFile\tBCsequence\tBCposition\tDirectionRead\" > ",out.file," \n", file=code.file, append=FALSE)

    #2. Sequences with barcodes
    for(i in 1:nrow(bc_combinations)){
      bc_before <- as.character(bc_combinations$before[i])
      bc_after <- as.character(bc_combinations$after[i])
      forward  <- bc_combinations$forw[i]

      awk_in  <- paste0("awk '")
      awk_match <- paste0("NR%4==2 && match($0,/", bc_before, "([ACGT]{", bc_min,",",bc_max,"})", bc_after,"/)")
      if(forward){
        awk_print <- paste0(" {print a \"\t\" NR \"\t\" substr($0,RSTART+",l,",RLENGTH-",2*l,") \"\t\" RSTART+",l," \"\t+\" } {a=$0}' ",inFile, ">> ", out.file)
      }else{
        awk_print <- paste0(" {print a \"\t\" NR \"\t\" substr($0,RSTART+",l,",RLENGTH-",2*l,") \"\t\" RSTART+",l," \"\t-\" } {a=$0}' ",inFile, ">> ", out.file)
      }
      y_awk   <- paste0(awk_in, awk_match, awk_print)
      cat(y_awk,"\n", file=code.file, append=TRUE)
    }

    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

Then run bash file.

    cd 3_Analysis/KTLib/
    chmod +x FindBarcodes.sh
    ./FindBarcodes.sh

Filter barcodes that appear more than 3 times

    tic <- proc.time()
    barcodes_table  <- read.table(paste0(path_analysis_lib,"KTLib_1700_2100_barcodes.txt"),header=T, sep="\t")
    barcodes_counts <- barcodes_table %>% group_by(BCsequence) %>% summarise(counts=n()) %>% filter(counts>3)
    barcodesID      <- unique(barcodes_counts$BCsequence); n_bc <- length(barcodesID)
    barcodes_table_fourcounts <- barcodes_table %>%
        filter(BCsequence %in% barcodesID)%>%
        mutate(readID=str_sub(Name, 2, 37)) ;
    nrow_bc <- nrow(barcodes_table_fourcounts)
    write.table(barcodes_table_fourcounts,file=paste0(path_analysis_lib,"KTLib_1700_2100_barcodes_4reads.txt"))
    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

## 3.2 Consensus for all barcode by all methods

Load data

    barcodes_4reads <- read.table(file=paste0(path_analysis_lib,"KTLib_1700_2100_barcodes_4reads.txt")) %>%
        select(readID, BCsequence) %>% arrange(BCsequence)

    barcodes_unique <- unique(barcodes_4reads$BCsequence)

Generate fasta and fastq files that we need

    tic <- proc.time()
    dir.create( paste0(path_analysis_lib, "fastq_per_barcode"))
    dir.create( paste0(path_analysis_lib, "fasta_per_barcode"))

    KTLib_Q15_seqs <- readQualityScaledDNAStringSet(paste0(path_analysis_lib,"KTLib_1700_2100_Q15.fastq"))
    names(KTLib_Q15_seqs) <- str_sub(names(KTLib_Q15_seqs) , 1, 36)
    for(s in 1:nrow(barcodes_4reads)){
        seq_name <- barcodes_4reads$readID[s]
        bc_name <- barcodes_4reads$BCsequence[s]
        file_name_q <- paste0(path_analysis_lib, "fastq_per_barcode/", bc_name,".fastq")
        file_name_a <- paste0(path_analysis_lib, "fasta_per_barcode/", bc_name,".fasta")
        # which(names(KTLib_Q15_seqs)==seq_name)
        writeQualityScaledXStringSet(KTLib_Q15_seqs[seq_name], filepath = file_name_q, append = T)
        writeXStringSet(KTLib_Q15_seqs[seq_name], filepath = file_name_a, append = T)
    }
    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

Load corrected sequences

    tic <- proc.time()
    seqs_single_ktlib <- readQualityScaledDNAStringSet(paste0(path_analysis_lib,"/KTLib_1700_2100_Q15_SINGLe.fastq"))
    aux_seqs <- vapply(as.character(seqs_single_ktlib),strsplit, split="")
    aux_quals <- 1-as(quality(seqs_single_ktlib),"NumericList")
    aux_pos <- lapply(aux_seqs, seq)
    aux_names <- c(vapply(names(seqs_single_ktlib),rep, each=1662))
    data_single_ktlib <- data.frame(nucleotide = unlist(aux_seqs),
                            p_SINGLe=unlist(aux_quals),
                            position=unlist(aux_pos),
                            readID=aux_names)
    rownames(data_single_ktlib)<-NULL

    seqs_guppy_ktlib <- readQualityScaledDNAStringSet(paste0(path_analysis_lib,"/KTLib_1700_2100_Q15_SINGLe_original.fastq"))
    aux_seqs <- vapply(as.character(seqs_single_ktlib),strsplit, split="")
    aux_quals <- 1-as(quality(seqs_single_ktlib),"NumericList")
    aux_pos <- lapply(aux_seqs, seq)
    aux_names <- c(vapply(names(seqs_single_ktlib),rep, each=1662))
    data_guppy_ktlib <- data.frame(nucleotide = unlist(aux_seqs),
                            p_Guppy=unlist(aux_quals),
                            position=unlist(aux_pos),
                            readID=aux_names)
    rownames(data_guppy_ktlib)<-NULL

    data_single_ktlib <- data_single_ktlib %>%
        left_join(data_guppy_ktlib, by = c("nucleotide", "position", "readID"))%>%
        left_join(barcodes_4reads, by = "readID")%>%
        filter(!is.na(BCsequence))  %>%
        mutate(isWT = nucleotide==wildtype[position]) %>%
        mutate(p_SINGLe=ifelse(is.na(p_SINGLe), 1, p_SINGLe))%>%
        mutate(p_noweights=1)

    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

    barcodes_unique <- unique(data_single_ktlib$BCsequence)
    n_bc <- length(barcodes_unique)

    # save.image(file='myEnvironment.RData')

    # load('myEnvironment.RData')

By SINGLe (sorting homopolymers)

    tic <- proc.time()
    #Compute consensus for each barcode using all sequences available and using the three available methods

    cat("Barcode;Nreads;mutations_by_single;mutations_by_nanopore;mutations_no_weights\n", file=file_out_consensus, append=F)

    pb <- txtProgressBar(0,n_bc,style=3)
    counter<-0
    wt_homopolymers <- detect_homopolymer_positions(wildtype)
    wt_homopolymers <- wt_homopolymers[vapply(wt_homopolymers,length)>1]
    pos_wt_homopolymers <- unlist(wt_homopolymers)

    for( bc in barcodes_unique){
      bc_reads <- data_single_ktlib %>%
        filter(BCsequence==bc)

      index_homopolymers <- which(bc_reads$position %in% pos_wt_homopolymers & bc_reads$nucleotide=="-")
      n_memory <- c()
      for(n in index_homopolymers){
        if(n %in% n_memory){next()}
        hp_pos <- bc_reads$position[n]
        hp_pos_ref <- wt_homopolymers[vapply(wt_homopolymers, function(x){hp_pos %in% x})][[1]]
        hp_vec_logical <- hp_pos_ref==hp_pos
        hp_vec_length <- length(hp_vec_logical)
        hp_vec <- rep(NA,hp_vec_length)
        ind_aux <- which(hp_vec_logical)

        hp_vec[1:ind_aux] <- rev(n+1-1:ind_aux)
        if(ind_aux<hp_vec_length){
          hp_vec[(ind_aux+1):hp_vec_length] <- n+c(1:(hp_vec_length-ind_aux))
        }
        n_memory <- hp_vec

        data_aux <- bc_reads[hp_vec,]
        if(all(data_aux$nucleotide=="-")){next()}

        pos <- data_aux$position
        nucl <- data_aux$nucleotide
        ind_order <- c(which(nucl!="-"),which(nucl=="-"))

        bc_reads$position[hp_vec] <- pos[order(ind_order)]

        if(length( which(bc_reads$position %in% pos_wt_homopolymers & bc_reads$nucleotide=="-"))<length(index_homopolymers)){
          cat("n=",n,"\n")
          stop()
        }
      }
      bc_reads <- bc_reads %>% arrange(readID,position)

      cons_single <- weighted_consensus(df = bc_reads %>%
                              select(nucleotide,p_SINGLe,position),
                               cutoff_prob = 0)
      cons_nanopore <- weighted_consensus(df = bc_reads %>%
                              select(nucleotide,p_Guppy,position),
                               cutoff_prob = 0)
      cons_noweight <- weighted_consensus(df = bc_reads %>%
                              select(nucleotide,p_noweights,position),
                               cutoff_prob = 0)

      muts_single <- c(detect_mutations(biostr_to_char(cons_single),  wildtype))
      muts_nanopore <- c(detect_mutations( biostr_to_char(cons_nanopore), wildtype))
      muts_noweight <- c(detect_mutations( biostr_to_char(cons_noweight),  wildtype))

      n_single <- length(muts_single)
      n_nanopore <- length(muts_nanopore)
      n_noweight <- length(muts_noweight)

      if(n_single==0){n_single=1;muts_single="wildtype"}
      if(n_nanopore==0){n_nanopore=1;muts_nanopore="wildtype"}
      if(n_noweight==0){n_noweight=1;muts_noweight="wildtype"}
      n_tot = n_single+n_nanopore+n_noweight

      df <- data.frame(barcode = rep(bc,n_tot),nseqs=length(unique(bc_reads$readID)),
                      mutation=c(muts_single,muts_nanopore,muts_noweight),
                      method = c(rep("single", n_single),
                                 rep("nanopore",n_nanopore),
                                 rep("no_weights",n_noweight)))

      write.table(df, append = T, col.names = F,row.names = F, file = file_out_consensus)
      counter <- counter+1
      setTxtProgressBar(pb,counter)
    }
    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

    # save.image(file='myEnvironment.RData')

Prepare fast5 files for Nanopolish. Please indicate proper paths indicated in capital letters

    tic <- proc.time()
    dir.create(paste0(path_analysis_lib,"/fast5files/") )# individual fast5 files will be stored there temporally

    split_fast5 <- paste0("multi_to_single_fast5 -i 2_NanoporeRawReads/LargeSet_fast5 -s 3_Analysis/KTLib/fast5files/")  #PATH_TO_FAST5_FILES location of nanopore reads
    system2(split_fast5)

    # Place them in folders according to barcode
    single_files       <- dir(paste0(path_analysis_lib,"/fast5files/"), full.names = T, recursive = T)
    single_files_name  <- dir(paste0(path_analysis_lib,"/fast5files/"), full.names = F, recursive = T)

    single_files <- data.frame(file=single_files, readID=single_files_name) %>%
      mutate(readID = sub(readID, pattern=".fast5",replacement="")) %>%
      mutate(readID = sub(readID, pattern="[[:digit:]]+/", replacement=""))

    barcodes_table_fourcounts <- barcodes_table %>% left_join(single_files, by="readID")
    nrow_bc <- nrow(barcodes_table_fourcounts)
    pb <- txtProgressBar(min = 0, max = nrow_bc, style = 3)
    for(i in 1:nrow_bc){
      setTxtProgressBar(pb,i)
      seqid <- barcodes_table_fourcounts$readID[i]
      barcode <- barcodes_table_fourcounts$BCsequence[i]
      barcode_dir <- paste0(path_analysis_lib,"fast5files/",barcode)
      file <- barcodes_table_fourcounts$file[i]
      if(!dir.exists(barcode_dir)){ dir.create(barcode_dir)}
      command <- paste0("cp ", file, " ",barcode_dir)
      system2(command)
    }

    # Create unique fast5 file per barcode
    pb <- txtProgressBar(min = 0, max = nrow_bc, style = 3)
    for(bc in barcodesID){
      setTxtProgressBar(pb,bc)
      command <- paste0("single_to_multi_fast5 -i 3_Analysis/KTLib/fast5files/",bc," -s 3_Analysis/KTLib/fast5files_byBC/ -f ",bc)
      system2(command)
    }

    barcodes_table_fourcounts <- barcodes_table_fourcounts %>% select(-file)
    rm(single_files,path_fast5,path_fast5_individual,path_fast5_individual_out)

    ### Create fastq file for interesting barcodes
    dir.create(paste0(path_analysis_lib,"/fastq/"))
    fastq_file <- readLines(paste0(path_analysis_lib,"/KTLib_1700_2100_Q15.fastq"))
    n_fastq <- length(fastq_file)
    for(i in seq(1,n_fastq, by=4)){
      ind <- grep(pattern = substr(fastq_file[i],2,37),x=barcodes_table_fourcounts$SeqID)
      if(length(ind)==0){next(i,"not found \n")}
      write(fastq_file[c(i,i+1,i+2,i+3)],
            file=paste0(path_analysis_lib,"/fastq/",barcodes_table_fourcounts$BCsequence[ind],".fastq"),
            append=T)
    }

    ### Create fasta from fastq
    fastq_files <- dir(paste0(path_analysis_lib,"/fastq/"), full.names = T, pattern="*.fastq")
    fasta_files <- str_replace_all(fastq_files, "fastq", "fasta")
    dir.create(paste0(path_analysis_lib,"/fasta/"))
    commands <- paste0("seqtk seq -a ", fastq_files, " > ",fasta_files)
    vapply(commands, system2)

    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

Compute using nanopolish and medaka. first generate bash file

    # Load data
    tic <- proc.time()
    #outputs
    bash_file <- "ConsensusByMethods.sh"
    results_medaka     <- paste0(path_analysis_lib,"ConsensusbyMedaka.txt")
    nanopolish_results <- paste0(path_analysis_lib,"Consensus_by_Nanopolish.txt")

    for(bc in barcodes_unique){
      #all filenames
      filename <- bc
      fasta      <- paste0(path_analysis_lib,"fasta/",bc,".fasta")
      fastq      <- paste0(path_analysis_lib,"fastq/",bc,".fastq")
      sam        <- paste0(path_analysis_lib,bc,".sam")
      sorted     <- paste0(path_analysis_lib,bc,".sorted.fasta")
      racon      <- paste0(path_analysis_lib,bc,".racon.fasta")
      medaka     <- paste0(path_analysis_lib,bc,"_medaka.fasta")
      nanopolish <- paste0(path_analysis_lib,bc,"_nanopolish.txt")

      ## Run minimap2
      line_minimap <- paste0("minimap2 -ax map-ont ", reference_file, " ", fastq," > ", sam)

      ## Run racon
      line_racon <- paste0("racon ",fastq," ",sam, " ",reference_file, " >> ", racon)
      line_remove_racon <- paste0("rm ", racon,".fai ",racon, ".mmi ",racon  )

      ## Run Medaka
      line_medaka <- paste0("medaka_consensus -i ",fastq," -d ",racon,"  -o ", medaka," -t 4 ")
      line_results_medaka <- paste0("echo '>",filename, "' >> ",results_medaka)
      line_results_medaka2 <- paste0("tail -n 1 ",filename,"_medaka.fasta/consensus.fasta", " >> ",results_medaka)
      line_remove_medaka <- paste0("rm -r ",filename,"_medaka.fasta/")

      ## Run nanopolish
      line_nanopolish_index  <- paste0("nanopolish index -d ",bc,"/ ",fastq)
      line_nanopolish_sort    <- paste0("samtools sort ",sam," -o ",sorted," -T temporal.tmp ")
      line_nanopolish_index2 <- paste0("samtools index ", sorted)
      line_nanopolish_variants <- paste0("nanopolish variants --consensus -o ", nanopolish, " -r ",fastq," -b ",sorted," -g ", reference_file)
      line_results_nanopolish <- paste0("awk '!/^#/ {print \"",filename,"\\t\" $0}' ",nanopolish, " >> ",nanopolish_results)
      line_remove_nanopolish <- paste0("rm ", fastq,".index* ", filename,".sorted* ", nanopolish, " ", sam)

      cat(line_minimap,
          line_racon,
          line_medaka,
          line_results_medaka,
          line_results_medaka2,
          line_nanopolish_index,
          line_nanopolish_sort,
          line_nanopolish_index2,
          line_nanopolish_variants,
          line_results_nanopolish,
          line_remove_racon,
          line_remove_medaka,
          line_remove_nanopolish,
          file=bash_file, sep="\n", append=T)
    }
    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

Then run it

    chmod +x ConsensusByMethods.sh
    ./ConsensusByMethods.sh

Align consensus sequences to reference

    minimap2 -ava-ont 1_ReferenceFiles/KTrefORF_1662.fasta ConsensusbyMedaka.fasta > ConsensusbyMedaka_aligned.sam
    minimap2 -ava-ont 1_ReferenceFiles/KTrefORF_1662.fasta ConsensusbyRacon.fasta > ConsensusbyRacon_aligned.sam

Parse results into a table consensus_mismatches

    tic <- proc.time()
    pos_initial <- 1
    pos_final <- length(wildtype)

    cigar_reference_counts   <- c("M","D","N","=","X")
    cigar_query_counts <- c("M","I","S","=","X")

    sam_data_medaka <- read.table(paste0(path_analysis_lib,"ConsensusbyMedaka_aligned.sam"), skip=2)
    medaka_mismatches     <- data.frame(Barcode=NA,Position=NA,base.original=NA,base.mutated=NA)
    for(i in 1:nrow(sam_data_medaka)){

      line_data       <- unlist(sam_data_medaka[i,])
      pos_ini_aliref  <-  as.numeric(line_data[4])
      cigar           <-  line_data[6]
      sequence        <-  strsplit(line_data[10],split="")[[1]]

      #Obtain CIGAR vector
      cigar.table      <- data.frame(n=as.numeric(strsplit(cigar, split="[MIDNSHP=X]")[[1]]),Op= strsplit(cigar, split="[0-9]+")[[1]][-1])
      cigar_vec        <- unlist(apply(cigar.table,1, function(x){rep(x[2],x[1])}))
      names(cigar_vec) <- NULL
      if(pos_ini_aliref>1){cigar_vec <- c(rep("D",pos_ini_aliref-1),cigar_vec)}

      #Data frame for the original sequence, and reference for the model (full)
      mismatches            <- data.frame(Barcode =rep(line_data[1], length(cigar_vec)),
                                          cigar=cigar_vec,
                                          base.mutated=NA,pos_in_samalig=NA,Position=NA,base.original=NA)

      rows_with_query     <- mismatches$cigar%in%cigar_query_counts
      rows_with_reference <- mismatches$cigar%in%cigar_reference_counts

      mismatches$base.mutated[rows_with_query]  <- sequence     #Nucleotide
      mismatches$base.mutated[is.na(mismatches$base.mutated)] <- "-"

      mismatches$pos_in_samalig[rows_with_reference] <- pos_ini_aliref + c(0:(sum(rows_with_reference)-1))  #position - according to aligning reference

      mismatches$Position[rows_with_reference] <- 1:length(wildtype) #position - according to single reference
      mismatches$base.original[rows_with_reference]   <- wildtype

      index <- which(mismatches$base.mutated!=mismatches$base.original)

      mismatches <- mismatches[index,c("Barcode", "Position","base.original","base.mutated")]
      medaka_mismatches <- medaka_mismatches %>% rbind(mismatches)

    }
    medaka_mismatches <- medaka_mismatches %>% filter(!is.na(Barcode))  %>% mutate(method="Medaka",mutation=paste0(base.original,Position,base.mutated))

    sam_data_racon <- read.table("ConsensusbyRacon_aligned.sam", skip=2)
    racon_mismatches     <- data.frame(Barcode=NA,Position=NA,base.original=NA,base.mutated=NA)
    for(i in 1:nrow(sam_data_racon)){

      line_data       <-  unlist(sam_data_racon[i,])
      pos_ini_aliref  <-  as.numeric(line_data[4])
      cigar           <-  line_data[6]
      sequence        <-  strsplit(line_data[10],split="")[[1]]

      #Obtain CIGAR vector
      cigar.table      <- data.frame(n=as.numeric(strsplit(cigar, split="[MIDNSHP=X]")[[1]]),Op= strsplit(cigar, split="[0-9]+")[[1]][-1])
      cigar_vec        <- unlist(apply(cigar.table,1, function(x){rep(x[2],x[1])}))
      names(cigar_vec) <- NULL
      if(pos_ini_aliref>1){cigar_vec <- c(rep("D", pos_ini_aliref-1), cigar_vec)}

      #Data frame for the original sequence, and reference for the model (full)
      mismatches            <- data.frame(Barcode =rep(line_data[1], length(cigar_vec)),
                                          cigar=cigar_vec,
                                          base.mutated=NA,pos_in_samalig=NA,Position=NA,base.original=NA)

      rows_with_query     <- mismatches$cigar%in%cigar_query_counts
      rows_with_reference <- mismatches$cigar%in%cigar_reference_counts

      mismatches$base.mutated[rows_with_query]  <- sequence     #Nucleotide
      mismatches$base.mutated[is.na(mismatches$base.mutated)] <- "-"

      mismatches$pos_in_samalig[rows_with_reference] <- pos_ini_aliref + c(0:(sum(rows_with_reference)-1))  #position - according to aligning reference

      mismatches$Position[rows_with_reference] <- 1:length(wildtype) #position - according to single reference
      mismatches$base.original[rows_with_reference]   <- wildtype

      index <- which(mismatches$base.mutated!=mismatches$base.original)

      mismatches <- mismatches[index,c("Barcode", "Position","base.original","base.mutated")]
      racon_mismatches <- racon_mismatches %>% rbind(mismatches)

    }
    racon_mismatches <- racon_mismatches %>% filter(!is.na(Barcode)) %>% mutate(method="Racon", mutation=paste0(base.original,Position,base.mutated))

    results_nanopolish <- readLines("ConsensusbyNanopolish.txt")
    results_nanopolish <- do.call(rbind,vapply(results_nanopolish, strsplit, split="\t"))
    colnames(results_nanopolish) <- rownames(results_nanopolish) <- NULL
    results_nanopolish <- results_nanopolish[,c(1,3,5,6)]
    colnames(results_nanopolish) <- c("Barcode","Position","base.original","base.mutated")
    results_nanopolish <- as.data.frame(results_nanopolish)
    results_nanopolish$Position <- as.numeric(results_nanopolish$Position)

    results_nanopolish <- results_nanopolish %>% filter(!is.na(Barcode))

    #remove insertions
    ind_insertions <- nchar(results_nanopolish$base.mutated)>1
    results_nanopolish$base.mutated[ind_insertions] <- vapply(results_nanopolish$base.mutated[ind_insertions] , substr,1,1)
    results_nanopolish <- results_nanopolish %>% filter(base.mutated!=base.original)

    #Split deletions
    index_aux <- which(nchar(results_nanopolish$base.original)==2)
    results_nanopolish$base.original[index_aux] <- substr(results_nanopolish$base.original[index_aux],2,2)
    results_nanopolish$base.mutated[index_aux] <- "-"
    results_nanopolish$Position[index_aux] <- as.numeric(results_nanopolish$Position[index_aux])+1

    index_aux_3 <- which(nchar(results_nanopolish$base.original)==3)
    aux_df_1 <- results_nanopolish[index_aux_3,]
    aux_df_1$Position <- as.numeric(aux_df_1$Position)+1
    aux_df_1$base.original <- substr(aux_df_1$base.original, 2,2)
    aux_df_1$base.mutated <- "-"

    aux_df_2 <- results_nanopolish[index_aux_3,]
    aux_df_2$Position <- as.numeric(aux_df_2$Position)+2
    aux_df_2$base.original <- substr(aux_df_2$base.original, 3,3)
    aux_df_2$base.mutated <- "-"

    results_nanopolish <- results_nanopolish[-index_aux_3,]
    results_nanopolish <- results_nanopolish %>% rbind(aux_df_1) %>% rbind(aux_df_2)
    rm(aux_df_1,aux_df_2)

    index_aux_4 <- which(nchar(results_nanopolish$base.original)==4)
    aux_df_1 <- results_nanopolish[index_aux_4,]
    aux_df_1$Position <- as.numeric(aux_df_1$Position)+1
    aux_df_1$base.original <- substr(aux_df_1$base.original, 2,2)
    aux_df_1$base.mutated <- "-"

    aux_df_2 <- results_nanopolish[index_aux_4,]
    aux_df_2$Position <- as.numeric(aux_df_2$Position)+2
    aux_df_2$base.original <- substr(aux_df_2$base.original, 3,3)
    aux_df_2$base.mutated <- "-"

    aux_df_3 <- results_nanopolish[index_aux_4,]
    aux_df_3$Position <- as.numeric(aux_df_3$Position)+3
    aux_df_3$base.original <- substr(aux_df_3$base.original, 4,4)
    aux_df_3$base.mutated <- "-"

    results_nanopolish <- results_nanopolish[-index_aux_3,]
    results_nanopolish <- results_nanopolish %>% rbind(aux_df_1) %>% rbind(aux_df_2)%>% rbind(aux_df_3) %>% arrange(Barcode,Position) %>% mutate(method="Nanopolish", mutation=paste0(base.original,Position,base.mutated))

    save(results_nanopolish, medaka_mismatches, racon_mismatches, file=paste0(path_consensus,"Mismatches_by_Method.Rdata"))

    single_mismatches             <- read.table("ConsensusBySINGLE.txt", header=F,skip=1)
    colnames(single_mismatches) <- colnames(single_mismatches_sortHPinVCS) <- c("Barcode","Nreads","mutation","method")

    single_mismatches <- single_mismatches %>%
      mutate(base.original = stringr::str_sub(mutation,1,1))     %>%
      mutate(base.mutated = stringr::str_sub(mutation,-1,-1))    %>%
      mutate(Position = stringr::str_sub(mutation,2,-2))         %>%
      select(Barcode,base.original,base.mutated,Position,method,mutation)

    KTLib_mutations <- rbind(single_mismatches,single_mismatches_sortHPinVCS, results_nanopolish, medaka_mismatches,racon_mismatches)
    write.table(KTLib_mutations, file=file_consensus_KTLib)

    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

## 3.3 Analyse convergence of 10 most frequent barcodes

Identify ten most frequent barcodes

    tic <- proc.time()
    KTLib_topBC <- barcodes_4reads %>%
        group_by(BCsequence) %>%
        summarise(n=n()) %>%
        arrange(-n)%>%
        head(n=10)
    KTLib_topBC_reads<- barcodes_4reads %>%
        filter(BCsequence %in% KTLib_topBC$BCsequence)
    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

Create a fastq file for each of them

    tic <- proc.time()
    for(i in unique(KTLib_topBC$BCsequence)){
        reads_bc_i <- KTLib_topBC_reads %>% filter(BCsequence==i)
        sequences_bc_i <- seqs_single_ktlib [names(seqs_single_ktlib) %in% reads_bc_i$readID]
        writeQualityScaledXStringSet(sequences_bc_i, file=paste0(path_analysis_lib, i, ".fastq"))
    }
    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

Compute consensus on subsets of reads by SINGLE

    tic <- proc.time()
    #Load corrected data
    data_single_ktlib_topten <- data_single_ktlib %>%
        filter(Name %in% KTLib_topBC_reads$Name )

    # # Load data
    # reads_corrected <- read.table("3_PreprocessedData/SINGLed_data/LargeSet_F_corrected.txt", header=T)
    # reads_corrected <- reads_corrected %>% filter(SeqID %in% KTLib_BC_reads$SeqID )
    # reads_corrected_rev <- read.table("3_PreprocessedData/SINGLed_data/LargeSet_R_corrected.txt", header=T)
    # reads_corrected_rev <- reads_corrected_rev %>% filter(SeqID %in% KTLib_BC_reads$SeqID )
    # reads_corrected_all     <- rbind(reads_corrected,reads_corrected_rev)
    #
    # reads_corrected <- left_join(reads_corrected_all, KTLib_topBC_reads %>% select(SeqID,BCsequence) , by="SeqID")
    # reads_corrected <- reads_corrected %>% filter(!is.na(reads_corrected$BCsequence))
    # reads_corrected$p_right_priors_model[is.na(reads_corrected$p_right_priors_model)]<-1

    #Compute consensus for each barcode using all sequences available and using the three available methods
    cat("Barcode\tNreads\trepetition\tmutation\tmethod\n", file=file_out_consensus_topten, append=F)

    barcodes_unique <- unique(data_single_ktlib_topten$BCsequence)
    n_bc <- length(barcodes_unique)

    for(bc in barcodes_unique){
        cat(bc, "\n")
      bc_reads <- data_single_ktlib_topten %>%
        filter(BCsequence==bc)

      #compute consensus on subsets
      bc_seqsID <- unique(bc_reads$readID)
      for( s in subsets){
        cat(s, "\t")
        counter<- 0
        pb <- txtProgressBar(0,n_repetitions,style=3)
        for (r in 1:n_repetitions) {
          counter <- counter+1
          setTxtProgressBar(pb,counter)

          subset_bc_reads <- bc_reads %>%
              filter(readID %in% sample(bc_seqsID, s))

        #sort homopolymers
        index_homopolymers <- which(subset_bc_reads$position %in% pos_wt_homopolymers
                                    & subset_bc_reads$nucleotide=="-")
        n_memory <- c()
        for(n in index_homopolymers){
            if(n %in% n_memory){next()}
            hp_pos <- subset_bc_reads$position[n]
            hp_pos_ref <- wt_homopolymers[vapply(wt_homopolymers, function(x){hp_pos %in% x})][[1]]
            hp_vec_logical <- hp_pos_ref==hp_pos
            hp_vec_length <- length(hp_vec_logical)
            hp_vec <- rep(NA,hp_vec_length)
            ind_aux <- which(hp_vec_logical)

            hp_vec[1:ind_aux] <- rev(n+1-1:ind_aux)
            if(ind_aux<hp_vec_length){
              hp_vec[(ind_aux+1):hp_vec_length] <- n+c(1:(hp_vec_length-ind_aux))
            }
            n_memory <- hp_vec

            data_aux <- subset_bc_reads[hp_vec,]
            if(all(data_aux$nucleotide=="-")){next()}

            pos <- data_aux$position
            nucl <- data_aux$nucleotide
            ind_order <- c(which(nucl!="-"),which(nucl=="-"))

            subset_bc_reads$position[hp_vec] <- pos[order(ind_order)]

            if(length( which(subset_bc_reads$position %in% pos_wt_homopolymers & subset_bc_reads$nucleotide=="-"))<length(index_homopolymers)){
              cat("n=",n,"\n")
              stop()
            }
        }
        subset_bc_reads <- subset_bc_reads %>% arrange(readID,position)

        cons_single <- weighted_consensus(df = subset_bc_reads %>%
                                              select(nucleotide,p_SINGLe,position),
                                       cutoff_prob = 0)
        cons_guppy  <- weighted_consensus(df = subset_bc_reads %>%
                                              select(nucleotide,p_Guppy,position),
                                       cutoff_prob = 0)
        cons_noweight <- weighted_consensus(df = subset_bc_reads %>%
                                                select(nucleotide,p_noweights,position),
                                        cutoff_prob = 0)
        muts_single   <- detect_mutations(biostr_to_char(cons_single), wildtype)
        muts_guppy    <- detect_mutations(biostr_to_char(cons_guppy), wildtype)
        muts_noweight <- detect_mutations(biostr_to_char(cons_noweight), wildtype)

          n_single <- length(muts_single)
          n_guppy <- length(muts_guppy)
          n_noweight <- length(muts_noweight)
          n_tot <- n_single+n_guppy+n_noweight
          if(n_tot==0){next()}
          df <- data.frame(barcode = rep(bc,n_tot),nseqs=s,repetition=r,
                          mutation=c(muts_single,muts_guppy,muts_noweight),
                          method = c(rep("SINGLe", n_single),
                                     rep("Guppy",n_guppy),
                                     rep("No weights",n_noweight)))
          write.table(df, append = T, col.names = F,row.names = F, file = file_out_consensus_topten)
        }
      }

    }

    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

Compute consensus on subsets of reads by Nanopolish and Medaka

    tic <- proc.time()
    dir.create(paste0(path_analysis_lib,"/subsets/"))
    file.copy(reference_file, paste0(path_analysis_lib,"/subsets/"))
    ## Make fastq files with subsets
    for(bc in unique(KTLib_topBC_reads$BCsequence)){

      fastq_file <- readLines(paste0(path_analysis_lib, bc,".fastq"))
      name_lines <- grep(pattern="^@",x=fastq_file)

      for(ns in subsets){
        if(ns> length(name_lines)){next()}
        for(r in 1:n_repetitions){
          fastq_subset_out    <- paste0(path_analysis_lib,"subsets/",bc,"_",ns,"_",r,".fastq")

          ## Make file of subset of sequences
          choose_lines <- sample(name_lines, size= ns)
          choose_lines_all <- sort(c(choose_lines,choose_lines+1,choose_lines+2,choose_lines+3))
          writeLines(text = fastq_file[choose_lines_all], con = file(fastq_subset_out))
        }
      }
    }

    in_files <-
        dir(pattern=".fastq", path=paste0(path_analysis_lib,"/subsets/"))

    ## .sh for minimap2
    for(i in seq_along(in_files)){
      fastq_file <- in_files[i]
      sam_file   <- sub(pattern=".fastq", replacement = ".sam", x=fastq_file)
      line_minimap <- paste0("minimap2 -ax map-ont KTrefORF_1662.fasta ",fastq_file," > ", sam_file)
      cat(line_minimap,file=paste0(path_analysis_lib,"/subsets/Minimap_allBC.sh"), sep="\n", append=i!=1)
    }

    # .sh for racon
    results_racon      <- "../ConsensusbyRacon_subsets.txt"
    for(i in seq_along(in_files)){
      fastq_file <- in_files[i]
      sam_file   <- sub(pattern=".fastq", replacement = ".sam", x=fastq_file)
      racon      <- sub(pattern=".fastq", replacement = ".racon.fasta", x=fastq_file)
      filename     <- sub(pattern=".fastq", replacement = "", x=fastq_file)

      ## Run racon
      line_racon <- paste0("racon ",fastq_file," ",sam_file, " KTrefORF_1662.fasta >> ", racon)
      line_results_racon <- paste0("echo '>",filename, "' >> ",results_racon)
      line_results_racon2 <- paste0("tail -n 1 ",racon, " >> ",results_racon)

      cat(line_racon,line_results_racon,line_results_racon2,file=paste0(path_analysis_lib,"/subsets/Racon_allBC.sh"), sep="\n", append= i!=1)
    }

    # .sh for Medaka
    for(i in seq_along(in_files)){
      fastq_file <- in_files[i]
      racon      <- sub(pattern=".fastq", replacement = ".racon.fasta", x=fastq_file)
      filename   <- sub(pattern=".fastq", replacement = "", x=fastq_file)
      medaka     <- sub(pattern=".fastq", replacement = "_medaka.fasta", x=fastq_file)
      results_medaka <- paste0("Consensus_",filename,".fasta")

      ## Run Medaka
      line_medaka <- paste0("medaka_consensus -i ",fastq_file," -d ",racon,"  -o ", medaka," -t 4 ")
      line_results_medaka <- paste0("echo '>",filename, "' >> ",results_medaka)
      line_results_medaka2 <- paste0("tail -n 1 ",filename,"_medaka.fasta/consensus.fasta", " >> ",results_medaka)
      line_remove_medaka <- paste0("rm -r ",medaka)

      cat(line_medaka,line_results_medaka,line_results_medaka2,line_remove_medaka,file=paste0(path_analysis_lib,"/subsets/Medaka_",filename,".sh"), sep="\n", append=F)
    }

    # .sh for nanopolish
    for(i in seq_along(in_files)){
      fastq_file         <- in_files[i]
      sam_file           <- sub(pattern=".fastq", replacement = ".sam", x=fastq_file)
      nanopolish_file    <- sub(pattern=".fastq", replacement = "_nanopolish.txt", x=fastq_file)
      filename           <- sub(pattern=".fastq", replacement = "", x=fastq_file)
      nanopolish_results <- paste0(filename,"_ConsensusbyNanopolish_subsets.txt")
      bc <- strsplit(filename, split="_")[[1]][1]

      fast5_dir <- paste0("../fast5/individualfiles/",bc)

      ## lines nanopolish
      line_nanopolish_index  <- paste0("nanopolish index -d  ../fast5/ subsets/",fastq_file)
      line_nanpolish_sort    <- paste0("samtools sort subsets/",sam_file," -o ",filename,".sorted.fasta -T temporal.tmp ")
      line_nanopolish_index2 <- paste0("samtools index ", filename,".sorted.fasta")
      line_nanopolish_variants <- paste0("nanopolish variants --consensus -o ", nanopolish_file, " -r BCtopten/",fastq_file," -b ",filename,".sorted.fasta -g ", reference_file)
      line_results_nanopolish <- paste0("awk '!/^#/ {print \"",filename,"\\t\" $0}' ",nanopolish_file, " >> ",nanopolish_results)
      line_remove_nanopolish <- paste0("rm ", filename,"_nanopolish.txt ", filename,".sorted* ")

      cat("cd ../ \n",
          line_nanopolish_index,
          line_nanpolish_sort,
          line_nanopolish_index2,
          line_nanopolish_variants,
          line_results_nanopolish,
          line_remove_nanopolish,
          file=paste0("subsets/Nanopolish_",filename,".sh"), sep="\n", append=F)
    }
    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

    cd 3_Analysis/KTLib/subsets
    chmod +x Minimap_allBC.sh
    ./Minimap_allBC.sh

    chmod +x Racon_allBC.sh
    ./Racon_allBC.sh

    chmod +x Medaka*
    .Medaka*

    chmod +x Nanopolish*
    ./Nanopolish*

    cat *_ConsensusbyRacon.txt > ConsensusbyRacon_subsets.txt
    cat *_ConsensusbyMedaka.txt > ConsensusbyMedaka_subsets.txt
    cat *_ConsensusbyNanopolish.txt > ConsensusbyNanopolish_subsets.txt

    minimap2 -ava-ont ../../1_ReferenceFiles/KTrefORF_1662.fasta ConsensusbyRacon_subsets.fasta > ConsensusbyRacon_subsets_aligned.sam
    minimap2 -ava-ont ../../1_ReferenceFiles/KTrefORF_1662.fasta ConsensusbyMedaka_subsets.fasta > ConsensusbyMedaka_subsets_aligned.sam

Identify mutations and save table

    file_consensus_top10_inLIB <- paste0(path_analysis_lib,"Convergence_10top_mismatches.txt" )

    tic <- proc.time()
    pos_initial <- 1
    pos_final <- length(wildtype)

    cigar_reference_counts   <- c("M","D","N","=","X")
    cigar_query_counts <- c("M","I","S","=","X")

    sam_data_medaka <- read.table("subsets/ConsensusbyMedaka_subsets_aligned.sam", skip=2)
    medaka_mismatches_subsets     <- data.frame(Barcode=NA,Position=NA,base.original=NA,base.mutated=NA)
    for(i in 1:nrow(sam_data_medaka)){
      line_data       <- unlist(sam_data_medaka[i,])
      pos_ini_aliref  <-  as.numeric(line_data[4])
      cigar           <-  line_data[6]
      sequence        <-  strsplit(line_data[10],split="")[[1]]

      #Obtain CIGAR vector
      cigar.table      <- data.frame(n=as.numeric(strsplit(cigar, split="[MIDNSHP=X]")[[1]]),Op= strsplit(cigar, split="[0-9]+")[[1]][-1])
      cigar_vec        <- unlist(apply(cigar.table,1, function(x){rep(x[2],x[1])}))
      names(cigar_vec) <- NULL
      if(pos_ini_aliref>1){cigar_vec <- c(rep("D",pos_ini_aliref-1),cigar_vec)}

      #Data frame for the original sequence, and reference for the model (full)
      mismatches            <- data.frame(Barcode =rep(line_data[1], length(cigar_vec)),
                                          cigar=cigar_vec,
                                          base.mutated=NA,pos_in_samalig=NA,Position=NA,base.original=NA)

      rows_with_query     <- mismatches$cigar%in%cigar_query_counts
      rows_with_reference <- mismatches$cigar%in%cigar_reference_counts

      mismatches$base.mutated[rows_with_query]  <- sequence     #Nucleotide
      mismatches$base.mutated[is.na(mismatches$base.mutated)] <- "-"

      mismatches$pos_in_samalig[rows_with_reference] <- pos_ini_aliref + c(0:(sum(rows_with_reference)-1))  #position - according to aligning reference

      mismatches$Position[rows_with_reference] <- 1:length(wildtype) #position - according to single reference
      mismatches$base.original[rows_with_reference]   <- wildtype

      index <- which(mismatches$base.mutated!=mismatches$base.original)

      mismatches <- mismatches[index,c("Barcode", "Position","base.original","base.mutated")]
      medaka_mismatches_subsets <- medaka_mismatches_subsets %>% rbind(mismatches)
    }

    medaka_mismatches_subsets <- medaka_mismatches_subsets %>% filter(!is.na(Barcode))
    medaka_aux <- do.call(rbind,vapply(medaka_mismatches_subsets[,1],strsplit,split="_"))
    medaka_mismatches_subsets <- medaka_mismatches_subsets %>% mutate(Barcode = medaka_aux[,1], Nreads=as.numeric(medaka_aux[,2]), repetition=as.numeric(medaka_aux[,3]))
    medaka_mismatches_subsets <- medaka_mismatches_subsets  %>% mutate(Method="Medaka", homopolymers=NA, mutation=paste0(base.original,Position,base.mutated)) %>% dplyr::rename(repetition=repetitions)

    nanopolish_mismatches_subsets = data.frame(barcode=NA,nseqs=NA,repetition=NA,position=NA,base.original=NA,base.mutated=NA)
    results_nanopolish <- system2(paste0("awk \'/^[^#]/ \' BCtopten/nanopolish_consensus/*"), intern = T)
    results_nanopolish <- do.call(rbind,vapply(results_nanopolish, strsplit, split="\t"))
    results_nanopolish <- results_nanopolish[,c(1,3,5,6)]
    nanopolish_aux <- do.call(rbind,vapply(results_nanopolish[,1],strsplit,split="_"))
    results_nanopolish <- cbind(nanopolish_aux,results_nanopolish[,-1])
    colnames(results_nanopolish) <- c("Barcode","Nreads","repetition", "Position","base.original","base.mutated" )
    rownames(results_nanopolish) <- NULL
    nanopolish_mismatches_subsets <- data.frame(Barcode = results_nanopolish[,1],
                                     Nreads=as.numeric(results_nanopolish[,2]),
                                     repetition = as.numeric(results_nanopolish[,3]),
                                     Position = as.numeric(results_nanopolish[,4]),
                                     base.original=results_nanopolish[,5],
                                     base.mutated = results_nanopolish[,6])

    #remove insertions
    ind_insertions <- nchar(nanopolish_mismatches_subsets$base.mutated)>1
    nanopolish_mismatches_subsets$base.mutated[ind_insertions] <- vapply(nanopolish_mismatches_subsets$base.mutated[ind_insertions] , substr,1,1)
    nanopolish_mismatches_subsets <- nanopolish_mismatches_subsets %>% filter(base.mutated!=base.original)

    #Split deletions
    index_aux <- which(nchar(nanopolish_mismatches_subsets$base.original)==2)
    nanopolish_mismatches_subsets$base.original[index_aux] <- substr(nanopolish_mismatches_subsets$base.original[index_aux],2,2)
    nanopolish_mismatches_subsets$base.mutated[index_aux] <- "-"
    nanopolish_mismatches_subsets$Position[index_aux] <- as.numeric(nanopolish_mismatches_subsets$Position[index_aux])+1

    index_aux_3 <- which(nchar(nanopolish_mismatches_subsets$base.original)==3)
    aux_df_1 <- nanopolish_mismatches_subsets[index_aux_3,]
    aux_df_1$Position <- as.numeric(aux_df_1$Position)+1
    aux_df_1$base.original <- substr(aux_df_1$base.original, 2,2)
    aux_df_1$base.mutated <- "-"

    aux_df_2 <- nanopolish_mismatches_subsets[index_aux_3,]
    aux_df_2$Position <- as.numeric(aux_df_2$Position)+2
    aux_df_2$base.original <- substr(aux_df_2$base.original, 3,3)
    aux_df_2$base.mutated <- "-"

    nanopolish_mismatches_subsets <- nanopolish_mismatches_subsets[-index_aux_3,]
    nanopolish_mismatches_subsets <- nanopolish_mismatches_subsets %>% rbind(aux_df_1) %>% rbind(aux_df_2)
    rm(aux_df_1,aux_df_2)

    index_aux_4 <- which(nchar(nanopolish_mismatches_subsets$base.original)==4)
    aux_df_1 <- nanopolish_mismatches_subsets[index_aux_4,]
    aux_df_1$Position <- as.numeric(aux_df_1$Position)+1
    aux_df_1$base.original <- substr(aux_df_1$base.original, 2,2)
    aux_df_1$base.mutated <- "-"

    aux_df_2 <- nanopolish_mismatches_subsets[index_aux_4,]
    aux_df_2$Position <- as.numeric(aux_df_2$Position)+2
    aux_df_2$base.original <- substr(aux_df_2$base.original, 3,3)
    aux_df_2$base.mutated <- "-"

    aux_df_3 <- nanopolish_mismatches_subsets[index_aux_4,]
    aux_df_3$Position <- as.numeric(aux_df_3$Position)+3
    aux_df_3$base.original <- substr(aux_df_3$base.original, 4,4)
    aux_df_3$base.mutated <- "-"

    nanopolish_mismatches_subsets <- nanopolish_mismatches_subsets[-index_aux_3,]
    nanopolish_mismatches_subsets <- nanopolish_mismatches_subsets %>% rbind(aux_df_1) %>% rbind(aux_df_2)%>% rbind(aux_df_3) %>% arrange(Barcode,Nreads,repetition,Position) %>% mutate(Method="Nanopolish",homopolymers=NA, mutation=paste0(base.original,Position,base.mutated))

    single_mismatches <- read.table(paste0(path_analysis_lib,"ConsensusSINGLE_toptenBC.txt"), header=F,row.names=NULL, skip=1)
    colnames(single_mismatches)<-c("Barcode","Nreads","repetition","mutation","Method")
    single_mismatches <- single_mismatches %>%
      mutate(base.original = str_sub(mutation,1,1),
             base.mutated=str_sub(mutation,-1,-1),
             Position=str_sub(mutation,start=2,end=-2)) %>%
      mutate(Position = as.numeric(Position), homopolymers="original") #%>% select(-mutation)

    write.table(rbind(nanopolish_mismatches_subsets %>% mutate(Method="Nanopolish"),
                      medaka_mismatches_subsets %>% mutate(Method="Medaka"),
                      single_mismatches, file=file_consensus_top10_inLIB))

    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

Compute true mutants from all reads according to each method

    tic <- proc.time()

    KTLib_topBC_true_mutations <- read.table("3_PreprocessedData/Fig3_LargeSet_Consensus.txt", header=T) %>%
        dplyr::rename(Method=method) %>%
        mutate(Method = recode(Method,!!!methods_capital))%>%
        filter(Barcode %in% KTLib_topBC$BCsequence) %>%
        filter(Method!="Racon") %>%
        filter((Method=="SINGLe" & homopolymers=="sorted_in_VCS") |
                   is.na(homopolymers) |
                   (Method!="SINGLe" & homopolymers=="original") )%>%
        mutate(mutation=paste0(base.original,Position,base.mutated)) %>%
        select(Barcode,Method,mutation)
    rownames(KTLib_topBC_true_mutations) <- NULL

    #manually replace equivalent mutations
    KTLib_topBC_true_mutations <- KTLib_topBC_true_mutations %>%
        mutate(mutation=ifelse(mutation=="G677-","G676-", mutation)) %>%
        mutate(mutation=ifelse(mutation=="G419-","G416-", mutation)) %>%
        mutate(mutation=ifelse(mutation=="G63-","G62-", mutation)) %>%
        mutate(mutation=ifelse(mutation=="G429-","G428-", mutation)) %>%
        mutate(mutation=ifelse(mutation=="A1545-","A1543-", mutation)) %>%
        mutate(mutation=ifelse(mutation=="G244-","G243-", mutation)) %>%
        mutate(mutation=ifelse(mutation=="G263-","G261-", mutation)) %>%
        mutate(mutation=ifelse(mutation=="G677-","G676-", mutation))

    aux_nanopolish <- data.frame(Barcode= KTLib_topBC_true_mutations$Barcode[KTLib_topBC_true_mutations$mutation=="GGAC1306G"],
                                 Method="Nanopolish",
                                 mutation=c("G1307-","A1308-", "C1309-"))

    KTLib_topBC_true_mutations <- KTLib_topBC_true_mutations %>%
        filter(mutation!="GGAC1306G") %>%
        rbind(aux_nanopolish)

    compare_mutations <- reshape2::dcast(KTLib_topBC_true_mutations %>%
                                             select(Barcode, Method, mutation),
                                         Barcode+mutation~Method)

    KTLib_topBC_true_mutants <- KTLib_topBC_true_mutations %>%
        group_by(Barcode,Method) %>%
        summarise(n_mutations=n(),mutant = paste0(mutation, collapse = " ")) %>%
        ungroup()

    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

Compute success rate for consensus calling by method, as a function of reads used

    tic <- proc.time()
    # consensus_by_method
    KTLib_topBC_subsets_mutations <- read.table("3_PreprocessedData/Fig3_ConvergenceConsensus_top10BC.txt", header=T) %>%
        filter(Method!="racon") %>%
        filter((Method=="single" & homopolymers=="sorted_for_VCS") |
                   is.na(homopolymers) |
                   (Method!="single" & homopolymers=="original") )  %>%
        select(-homopolymers,-variant) %>%
        select(-base.original,-Position,-base.mutated)%>%
        mutate(Method = recode(Method,!!!methods_capital))

    KTLib_topBC_subsets_mutations <- KTLib_topBC_subsets_mutations %>%
        mutate(mutation=ifelse(mutation=="G677-","G676-", mutation)) %>%
        mutate(mutation=ifelse(mutation=="G419-","G416-", mutation)) %>%
        mutate(mutation=ifelse(mutation=="G63-","G62-", mutation)) %>%
        mutate(mutation=ifelse(mutation=="G429-","G428-", mutation)) %>%
        mutate(mutation=ifelse(mutation=="A1545-","A1543-", mutation)) %>%
        mutate(mutation=ifelse(mutation=="G244-","G243-", mutation)) %>%
        mutate(mutation=ifelse(mutation=="G263-","G261-", mutation)) %>%
        mutate(mutation=ifelse(mutation=="G677-","G676-", mutation))

    indx <- which(KTLib_topBC_subsets_mutations$mutation=="GGAC1306G")
    aux_nanopolish <- data.frame(Barcode= rep(KTLib_topBC_subsets_mutations$Barcode[indx],3),
                                Nreads = rep(KTLib_topBC_subsets_mutations$Nreads[indx], each=3),
                                repetition = rep(KTLib_topBC_subsets_mutations$repetition[indx], each=3),
                                 Method="Nanopolish",
                                 mutation=rep(c("G1307-","A1308-", "C1309-"), lenght.out=length(indx)))

    KTLib_topBC_subsets_mutations <- KTLib_topBC_subsets_mutations %>%
        filter(mutation!="GGAC1306G") %>%
        rbind(aux_nanopolish)

    KTLib_topBC_subsets_mutant <- KTLib_topBC_subsets_mutations %>%
        select(Barcode,Nreads,repetition,Method,mutation) %>%
        group_by(Barcode,Nreads,repetition,Method) %>%
        summarise(n_mutations=n(),mutant=paste(mutation, collapse = " "))

    KTLib_topBC_subsets_success_rate <- left_join(KTLib_topBC_subsets_mutant,
                                             KTLib_topBC_true_mutants,
                                             by=c("Barcode","Method"),
                                             suffix=c(".subset",".true")) %>%
        mutate(equal = mutant.subset==mutant.true ) %>%
        filter(!is.na(n_mutations.true)) %>%
        group_by(Barcode,Nreads,Method) %>%
        dplyr::summarise(success_rate= sum(equal)/n())

    ggplot(KTLib_topBC_subsets_success_rate,aes(x=Nreads,y=success_rate,col=Method) )+geom_point()+geom_line()+
      facet_wrap(~Barcode,ncol=2)+scale_color_manual(values=colors_vector_capital[-6])+
      ylab("Success rate")

    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

### 3.3.1 Figure 3A

    fig_3a <- ggplot(KTLib_topBC_subsets_success_rate %>%
                        filter((Method =="SINGLe"|Method=="Medaka") & Barcode=="TCAGTTATTACGTCCTGCGGACAGTAAGGTCCGAG"),
                    aes(x=Nreads,y=success_rate,col=Method) )+
        geom_point()+
        geom_line()+
        scale_color_manual(values=colors_vector_capital[1:2])+
        scale_y_continuous(limits=c(0,1),breaks = c(0,.25,.5,.75,1))+
        geom_hline(aes(yintercept=0.9), col=grey(0.5),lty="dashed")+
        theme_plot+
      theme(legend.position = c(.9,0.4),
            legend.justification = c("right","top"),
            legend.title = element_blank(),
            legend.spacing.y = unit(0,"line"))+
        labs(tag = "A",x="Reads", y="Success rate")

    fig_3a

### 3.3.2 Figure S7: top 10 bc convergence

    Fig_Sup7<- ggplot(KTLib_topBC_subsets_success_rate %>% filter(Method!= "Racon"),
                      aes(x=Nreads,y=success_rate,col=Method) )+
        geom_point()+geom_line()+
      facet_wrap(~Barcode,ncol=2)+scale_color_manual(values=colors_vector_capital[-6])+
      scale_y_continuous(breaks=c(0,.5,1))+
      geom_hline(aes(yintercept=0.9), col=grey(.5),linetype="dashed")+
      ylab("Success rate")  +theme_plot+
      theme(plot.margin = unit(c(0,5.5,5.5,5.5),"points"),
            strip.background = element_rect(fill= "white"),
            strip.text = element_text(size=8),
            legend.position = "bottom")

    Fig_Sup7
    ggsave(Fig_Sup7, file=paste0(path_save_figures,"FigureS7.png"),
           dpi = 'print', width = 17, height=18,units="cm")

### 3.3.3 Load consensus and count reads per barcode

    tic <- proc.time()
    KTLib_mutations <- read.table("3_PreprocessedData/Fig3_LargeSet_Consensus.txt") %>%
        filter(method!="Racon") %>%
        filter((method=="single" & homopolymers=="sorted_in_VCS") |
                   is.na(homopolymers) |
                   (method!="single" & homopolymers=="original") )

    aux_nanopolish <- KTLib_mutations %>%
            filter(nchar(base.original)>1) %>%
        mutate(base.mutated="-")
    aux_nanopolish <- (aux_nanopolish %>% mutate(base.original=str_sub(base.original, 2,2)) ) %>%
        rbind(aux_nanopolish%>% mutate(base.original=str_sub(base.original, 3,3))) %>%
        rbind(aux_nanopolish%>% mutate(base.original=str_sub(base.original, 4,4)))

    KTLib_mutations <- KTLib_mutations %>%
        filter(!nchar(base.original)>1) %>%
        rbind(aux_nanopolish)

    KTLib_nreads_per_barcode <- barcodes_4reads %>%
        group_by(BCsequence) %>% dplyr::summarise(Nreads=n()) %>%
        mutate(Barcode = BCsequence) %>% select(-BCsequence) %>% select(Barcode, Nreads) %>%
        arrange(Barcode)

    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

### 3.3.4 Compute the actual number of mutations in the library by SINGLe

    tic <- proc.time()
    n_mutations <- KTLib_mutations %>%
        filter(method=="single") %>%
        group_by(Barcode) %>%
        dplyr::summarise(n_mutations = n()) %>%
        left_join(KTLib_nreads_per_barcode) %>% filter(Nreads>5)

    plot_nmutations <- ggplot(n_mutations, aes(x=n_mutations))+
        geom_histogram()+
        theme_plot+
        labs(x="Number of mutations", y="Counts")
    mean_n_mutations <- mean(n_mutations$n_mutations)
    median_n_mutations <- median(n_mutations$n_mutations)
    sd_n_mutations <- sd(n_mutations$n_mutations)

    mutation_rate_measured <- mean_n_mutations/1662*1000
     sd_n_mutations/1662*1000

    plot_nmutations
    cat("Mean N mutations: ", round(mean_n_mutations,2),
     "\nMedian N mutations: ", round(median_n_mutations,2),
     "\nSD N mutations: ", round(sd_n_mutations,2),
     "\nMutation rate measured: ", round(mutation_rate_measured,2), "muts/kb")

    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

## 3.4 Compare number of mutations by SINGLe and Medaka

    tic <- proc.time()
    consensus_mismatches_ms <- KTLib_mutations %>%
        filter((method=="Medaka" )| (method=="single"))

    nmismatches_ms <- consensus_mismatches_ms %>%
      group_by(Barcode, method) %>%
      summarise(n_mismatches=n())

    nmismatches_ms_difference <- left_join(nmismatches_ms %>% filter(method=="Medaka" ),
                                           nmismatches_ms %>% filter(method=="single" ),
                                           by="Barcode", suffix=c("",".single")) %>%
      mutate(difference = n_mismatches.single-n_mismatches) %>%
      left_join(KTLib_nreads_per_barcode, by = "Barcode") %>%
      ungroup() %>%
      mutate(Reads =  ifelse(Nreads<=5,"5 or less reads", ifelse(Nreads<=10,"6 to 10 reads","10 or more reads"))) %>%
      mutate(Reads=factor(Reads, levels=c("5 or less reads","6 to 10 reads","10 or more reads")))%>%
      select(-Nreads) %>%  ungroup()  %>% filter(!is.na(n_mismatches.single))

    nmismatches_ms_difference_hist <- nmismatches_ms_difference %>%
        group_by(method,difference,Reads) %>%
        summarise(counts=n())

    nmismatches_ms_difference_hist <- nmismatches_ms_difference %>%
        ungroup()%>%
        mutate(difference = ifelse(difference< -6, -6, difference))%>%
        group_by(method,difference,Reads) %>%
        summarise(counts=n()) %>%
         group_by(Reads) %>% mutate(perc = counts/sum(counts)*100)

    table_mutations_compare <- nmismatches_ms_difference_hist %>%
        mutate(diff = ifelse(difference<0,-1,ifelse(difference==0,0,1)))%>%
        group_by(Reads, diff) %>% summarise(n=sum(counts)) %>%
        group_by(Reads) %>%
        mutate(perc=n/sum(n)*100)
    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

### 3.4.1 Figure 3B

    fig_3b <-  ggplot(table_mutations_compare , aes(x=diff,y=perc))+
        geom_bar(position = position_dodge2(preserve="single"),stat="identity")+
        xlab("Method that reports more mutations")+ylab("Percentage")+
        facet_wrap(~Reads, ncol=1, strip.position = "right", labeller = label_wrap_gen(width=12))+
        scale_y_continuous(limits = c(0,110), breaks=c(50,100))+
        scale_x_continuous(breaks=seq(-1,1,by=1), labels=c("Medaka", "Both match", "SINGLe"))+
        theme(legend.position = c(0,1),
                legend.justification = c("left","top"),
                legend.title = element_text(size = rel(1)),
                legend.text = element_text(size=rel(1)),
                legend.spacing.y = unit(0.5,"line"),
                legend.key.size = unit(2,"pt"),
                plot.margin = unit(c(0,5.5,5.5,5.5),"points"),
              strip.background = element_rect(fill=grey(.95)))+
        labs(tag = "B")+
        geom_text(aes(y=perc,label=paste0(round(perc),"%"),vjust=-.2))

    fig_3b

## 3.5 Distribution of mutations and skewness

    tic <- proc.time()
    results_for_entropy<- KTLib_mutations %>%
      filter(base.original!="wildtype" ) %>%
      filter(Position >0 & Position <=1662) %>%
      left_join(KTLib_nreads_per_barcode, by="Barcode") %>%
      mutate(group_Nreads_barcode = ifelse(Nreads>10, "> 10 reads",
                                          ifelse(Nreads>5,"6 to 10 reads","5 or less reads"))) %>%
      mutate(group_Nreads_barcode=factor(group_Nreads_barcode, levels=c("5 or less reads","6 to 10 reads", "> 10 reads")))%>%
      group_by(method,Position,group_Nreads_barcode, homopolymers) %>%
      dplyr::summarise(n=n())%>% ungroup() %>%
        mutate(Method = recode(method,!!!setNames(c("Nanopolish","Medaka","SINGLe","Guppy","No weights"),c("nanopolish","medaka","single","nanopore","no_weights")))) %>%
        select(-method)

    skewness <- results_for_entropy%>%
      group_by(Method, group_Nreads_barcode) %>%
      dplyr::summarise(skewness=skewness(n))

    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

### 3.5.1 Figure 3C

    fig_3c <- ggplot(results_for_entropy %>% filter(Method=="Medaka" | Method == "SINGLe"),
                     aes(x=Position, y=n, col=Method))+
        geom_point(size=0.5)+
        scale_color_manual(values=colors_vector_capital)+
        ylab("Counts")+
        facet_grid(Method~group_Nreads_barcode)+
        geom_text(
            data    = skewness  %>% filter(Method=="Medaka" | Method == "SINGLe"),
            mapping = aes(x = -Inf, y = -Inf, label = paste0("sk=", round(skewness,2))),
            hjust   = 0,
            vjust   = 1,
            y=rep(140,6), x=rep(80,6),
            col="black"
        )+
        theme_plot+
        theme(legend.position = "none",plot.margin = unit(c(1,5.5,5.5,5.5),"points"),)+
        labs(tag = "C")

    fig_3c

### 3.5.2 Figure S8

    Figure_S8 <- ggplot(results_for_entropy ,
                     aes(x=Position, y=n, col=Method))+
      geom_point(size=0.5)+scale_color_manual(values=colors_vector_capital[-6])+geom_line()+
      ylab("Counts")+
      facet_grid(Method~group_Nreads_barcode)+
       geom_text(
      data    = skewness,
      mapping = aes(x = -Inf, y = -Inf, label = paste0("sk=", round(skewness,2))),
      hjust   = 0,
      vjust   = 1,
      y=rep(200,nrow(skewness)), x=rep(80,nrow(skewness)),
      col="black"
    )+theme_plot+  theme(legend.position = "none",plot.margin = unit(c(0,5.5,5.5,5.5),"points"),strip.background = element_rect(fill="white"),strip.text = element_text(size=8))

    Figure_S8
    ggsave(Figure_S8, filename="6_Figures/FigureS8.png",dpi = 'print', width = 17, units = "cm", height=20)

## 3.6 Figure 3

    Figure3 <- ( fig_3a | fig_3b) / fig_3c
    Figure3
    ggsave(Figure3, file=paste0(path_save_figures,"Figure3.png"),
           dpi = 'print', width = 16, height=16,units="cm")

## 3.7 How is the mutation rate predicted compared to the one reported by Agilent?

### 3.7.1 Figure S9

    kit_rates <- data.frame(
        Mutation=c("Deletion", "Ts AG TC" ,"Ts GA CT"  ,"Tv AT TA","Tv AC TG" ,"Tv GC CG", "Tv GT CA"),
        true_perc=c(4.8,17.5,25.5,28.5,4.7,4.1,14.1))
    aux <- KTLib_mutations %>%
        left_join(KTLib_nreads_per_barcode,by="Barcode") %>%
        mutate(reads_number = case_when(
            Nreads<6 ~ "4 or 5 reads",
            Nreads <11 ~ "6 to 10 reads",
            Nreads>10 ~ "more than 10 reads") )%>%
        mutate(reads_number= factor(reads_number, levels=c("4 or 5 reads", "6 to 10 reads", "more than 10 reads")))%>%
        mutate(Mutation=case_when(
            base.mutated=="-"~ "Deletion",
            base.original=="A" & base.mutated=="G" ~ "Ts AG TC",
            base.original=="T" & base.mutated=="C" ~ "Ts AG TC",
            base.original=="G" & base.mutated=="A" ~ "Ts GA CT",
            base.original=="C" & base.mutated=="T" ~ "Ts GA CT",
            base.original=="A" & base.mutated=="T" ~ "Tv AT TA",
            base.original=="T" & base.mutated=="A" ~ "Tv AT TA",
            base.original=="A" & base.mutated=="C" ~ "Tv AC TG",
            base.original=="T" & base.mutated=="G" ~ "Tv AC TG",
            base.original=="G" & base.mutated=="C" ~ "Tv GC CG",
            base.original=="C" & base.mutated=="G" ~ "Tv GC CG",
            base.original=="G" & base.mutated=="T" ~ "Tv GT CA",
            base.original=="C" & base.mutated=="A" ~ "Tv GT CA"
        )) %>%
        group_by(method,reads_number,Mutation)%>%
        summarise(counts = n()) %>%
        group_by(method,reads_number)  %>%
        mutate(counts=counts/sum(counts)*100) %>%
        left_join(kit_rates, by="Mutation")%>%
        ungroup()%>%
        mutate(Method = recode(method,!!!setNames(c("Nanopolish","Medaka","SINGLe","Guppy","No weights"),c("nanopolish","medaka","single","nanopore","no_weights")))) %>%
        select(-method)

    plot_mr_xy <- ggplot(aux, aes(col=Method, x=true_perc, y=counts, shape=Mutation,label=Mutation))+
        geom_point()+
        geom_abline(aes(slope=1,intercept=0), lty="dashed", col=grey(.5))+
        facet_wrap(~reads_number,ncol=1)+xlim(c(0,30))+scale_shape_manual(values=1:7)+theme_plot+
        xlab("By manufacturer (%)")+
        ylab("Observed (%)")+theme_plot+ggtitle("Mutation rate")

    plot_mr_cor <- ggplot(aux %>% group_by(Method, reads_number) %>%
               summarise(cor=cor(counts, true_perc)) %>%
               ungroup(), aes(x=reads_number, y=cor, col=Method))+
        geom_point()+
        geom_line(aes(x=as.numeric(reads_number)))+
        ylab("Correlation")+xlab("")+
        # ggtitle("Compare observed mutation rate vs. manufacturer's report")+
        scale_y_continuous(breaks=c(0.8,0.9,1), limits = c(0.8,1))+theme_plot+
        theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle=90,hjust = 1,vjust=0.5))

    FigureS9 <- grid.arrange(plot_mr_xy , plot_mr_cor+theme(legend.position = "none"), ncol=2)

    ggsave(FigureS9, file=paste0(path_save_figures,"FigureSMutRate.png"),
           dpi = 'print', width = 16, height=12,units="cm")

# 4 How many reads needed to fit?

    tic <- proc.time()
    a <- load("/media/rocio/Data10TB/Work/Bibliography/RondelezLab/2022_SINGLe/GigaScience_submission/Espada_et_al/5_Revision/01_Subsets/01_KlenTaq/barcode01_allseqs_countspnq.Rdata")
    full_fits <- read.table("/media/rocio/Data10TB/Work/Bibliography/RondelezLab/2022_SINGLe/GigaScience_submission/Espada_et_al/5_Revision/01_Subsets/01_KlenTaq/barcode01_allreads_fits.txt", header=T)

    full_fits <- full_fits %>%
        mutate(rqs = 1-deviance/null_deviance)

    error_rate <- data_mut %>%
        group_by(pos,strand,nucleotide) %>%
        dplyr::summarise(error_rate = sum(count)/(sum(count)+sum(counts.wt)),
                         counts_mut = sum(count))

    full_fits<- full_fits %>%
        left_join(error_rate, by=c("strand","pos","nucleotide"))

    ## Full fits mutated positions
    mutationstested <- kt_true_mutations %>%
        select(position, nucleotide) %>%
        dplyr::rename(pos=position)
    full_fits_mut <- left_join(mutationstested, full_fits)
    hex <- scales::hue_pal()(4)
    names(hex)<- c(303,331,879,1316)

    full_fits_mut_examples <- full_fits_mut %>%
        filter( (pos==1316 & nucleotide=="A" & strand=="+")|
                    (pos==879  & nucleotide=="T" & strand=="-")|
                    (pos==303  & nucleotide=="A" & strand=="-")|
                    (pos==331  & nucleotide=="T" & strand=="+"))

    plot_counts_RSQ <- ggplot(full_fits,aes(x=rqs,y=counts_mut))+
        geom_point(col=rgb(0,0,0,0.1), stroke=0, size=2)+
        scale_y_log10()+
        theme_plot+
        geom_point(data=full_fits_mut_examples,
                   aes(x=rqs,y=counts_mut, col=as.factor(pos)),
                   size=2,shape="square")+
        scale_color_manual(values=hex)+
        labs(x="Quality (Q)", y="Counts(C)")+theme(legend.position = "none")

    xlim <- 1:50
    plots <- list()
    for(i in 1:nrow(full_fits_mut_examples)){
        nuc <- full_fits_mut_examples$nuc[i]
        pot <- full_fits_mut_examples$pos[i]
        str  <- full_fits_mut_examples$strand[i]
        aux_df <- data_mut %>%
            dplyr::filter(pos==pot & nucleotide ==nuc & strand==str)%>%
            dplyr::select(strand,QUAL,count, counts.wt,counts.scaled,counts.wt.scaled) %>%
            dplyr::mutate(tot.scaled=counts.scaled+counts.wt.scaled) %>%
            dplyr::mutate(proportion.wt.scaled=counts.wt.scaled/tot.scaled) %>%
            arrange(QUAL)
        qval  <- aux_df$QUAL
        yvals <- aux_df$proportion.wt.scaled
        no <- !is.na(yvals)
        yvals <-yvals[no]
        qval <- qval[no]

        fitt  <- stats::glm(yvals~ qval,family = "binomial")

        prediction <- data.frame(QUAL=xlim, fitted = predict(fitt,list(qval=xlim), type = "response"))
        # lines(qval,predict(fitt,list(qval=qval),type="response"), col=2, lwd=2)

        qq<- format((full_fits_mut_examples %>%
                         filter(pos==pot & nucleotide ==nuc & strand==str))$rqs,scientific=F, digits=2)
        cc<- (full_fits_mut_examples %>%
                  filter(pos==pot & nucleotide ==nuc & strand==str))$counts

        plots[[i]] <- ggplot(aux_df, aes(x=QUAL,y=proportion.wt.scaled))+
            geom_point()+

            geom_line(data=prediction, aes(x=QUAL, y=fitted),
                      col=hex[as.character(pot)])+
            ggtitle(paste(pot,nuc,str),
                    subtitle=paste("C:", cc, " QF:",qq))+
            labs(x="Qscore", y="ncorrect")+
            xlim(range(xlim))+
            scale_y_continuous(breaks=c(0,1), limits = c(0,1))+
            theme(plot.title = element_text(margin = margin(0,0,0,0)),
                  plot.subtitle =  element_text(margin = margin(0,0,0,0)))

    }

    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

### 4.0.1 Figure S10

    FigureS10 <- grid.arrange(plot_counts_RSQ , plots[[1]], plots[[4]], plots[[3]], plots[[2]] ,
                           layout_matrix=matrix(c(1,1,2,3,4,5), byrow = F,nrow=2),
                           widths=c(2.5,1,1))
    ggsave(FigureS10, file=paste0(path_save_figures,"FigureExtra.png"), dpi = 'print',
           height = 8.7, width=20,units="cm")

    FigureS10

# 5 Correlation neighbouring Qscore

    tic <- proc.time()
    path_11 <- "/media/rocio/Data10TB/minIONreads/KlenTaq/2019_11_KT/KT7_fullpipeline/KT7/BasecallSuperior/pass/out/Demultiplex/minimap2/SINGLE/"

    data_11 <- read.table(paste0(path_11, "barcode05.for_corrected.txt"), header=T)
    data_11 <- data_11
    error_lines <- which(!data_11$isWT&
                             !(data_11$position==867 & data_11$nucleotide=="G")&
                             !(data_11$position==1120 & data_11$nucleotide=="A") &
                             !(data_11$position==1214 & data_11$nucleotide=="T") &
                             !(data_11$position==1316 & data_11$nucleotide=="A") &
                             !(data_11$nucleotide=="-"))
    correct_lines <- which(data_11$isWT &
                           !(data_11$position==867 & data_11$nucleotide=="G")&
                           !(data_11$position==1120 & data_11$nucleotide=="A") &
                           !(data_11$position==1214 & data_11$nucleotide=="T") &
                           !(data_11$position==1316 & data_11$nucleotide=="A") &
                           !(data_11$nucleotide=="-"))

    rand_pos <- sample(1:nrow(data_11), 200)
    df11 <- rbind(
        data.frame(type="Errors",
                   difference = abs(data_11$original_quality[error_lines]-data_11$original_quality[error_lines+1]), wt = data_11$isWT[error_lines+1]),
        data.frame(type="Correct",
                   difference = abs(data_11$original_quality[correct_lines]-data_11$original_quality[correct_lines+1]), wt = data_11$isWT[correct_lines+1])) %>%
        rbind( data.frame(type="Random",
                   difference = abs(data_11$original_quality[rand_pos]-data_11$original_quality[sample(1:nrow(data_11), 200)]), wt = data_11$isWT[rand_pos])
        ) %>%
        mutate(difference = ifelse(difference>20, 20, difference))

    toc <- proc.time()
    cat("it took" , (toc-tic)[3], "s to run this chunk\n"); rm(tic, toc)

### 5.0.1 Figure S3

    FigureS3 <- ggplot(df11, aes(x=difference))+
        geom_histogram(binwidth = 1,aes(y=..density.., text=..density..))+
        xlab("Qscore difference with next nucleotide")+
        ylab("Counts")+
        labs(tag="C")+
        facet_wrap(~type, scales = "free")

    ggsave(FigureS3, file=paste0(path_save_figures,"FigureS3.png"), dpi = 'print',
           height = 5, width=15,units="cm")

    FigureS3

Depricated nextpolish:

    # create_run_cfg <- function(run_cfg_file, ref_fasta, workdir){
    #     cat("[General]\n", file=run_cfg_file, append=FALSE)
    #     cat('job_type = local\n', file=run_cfg_file, append=TRUE)
    #     cat('job_prefix = nextPolish\n', file=run_cfg_file, append=TRUE)
    #     cat('task = best\n', file=run_cfg_file, append=TRUE)
    #     cat('rewrite = yes\n', file=run_cfg_file, append=TRUE)
    #     cat('rerun = 3\n', file=run_cfg_file, append=TRUE)
    #     cat('parallel_jobs = 2\n', file=run_cfg_file, append=TRUE)
    #     cat('multithread_jobs = 4\n', file=run_cfg_file, append=TRUE)
    #     cat('genome =', ref_fasta,' #genome file\n', file=run_cfg_file, append=TRUE)
    #     cat('genome_size = auto\n', file=run_cfg_file, append=TRUE)
    #     cat('workdir =',workdir, "\n",file=run_cfg_file, append=TRUE, sep="")
    #     cat('   polish_options = -p {multithread_jobs}\n', file=run_cfg_file, append=TRUE)
    #
    #     cat('[lgs_option]\n', file=run_cfg_file, append=TRUE)
    #     cat('lgs_fofn =lgs.fofn\n', file=run_cfg_file, append=TRUE)
    #     cat('lgs_options = -min_read_len 1k -max_depth 100\n', file=run_cfg_file, append=TRUE)
    #     cat('lgs_minimap2_options = -x map-ont\n', file=run_cfg_file, append=TRUE)
    #     return(0)
    # }
    #
    #
    # path0 <- "/home/respada/22nextpolish/bc06/"
    # setwd(path0)
    # run_folder  <- "RunFolder/"
    # save_folder <- ""
    # data_folder <- ""
    #
    # for(bc in kt7_barcodes){
    #
    #     #Load fastq file with all reads
    #     all_sequences <- readLines(paste0(path_analysis_lib7, bc,".fastq"))
    #     name_lines <- grep(pattern="^@",x=all_sequences)
    #     save_file <- paste0(save_folder,bc, "_ConsensusByNextPolish.fasta")
    #
    #     for(ns in subsets){
    #         cat("\t",ns,"\n")
    #         if(ns> length(name_lines)){next()}
    #         for(r in 1:n_repetitions){
    #             cat("----------------",ns, r, "\n")
    #
    #             #Create file with subset of sequences
    #             subset_name = paste0(bc,"_s",ns, "_r",r)
    #             filename_subset <- paste0(run_folder,subset_name,".fastq")
    #             choose_lines <- sample(name_lines, size= ns)
    #             choose_lines_all <- sort(c(choose_lines,choose_lines+1,choose_lines+2,choose_lines+3))
    #             writeLines(text = all_sequences[choose_lines_all], con = file(filename_subset))
    #
    #             ## Run nextpolish
    #             system2(paste0("echo '", subset_name,".fastq' >", run_folder, "lgs.fofn"))
    #             create_run_cfg(run_cfg_file=paste0(run_folder, "run.cfg"),
    #                            ref_fasta=reference_file,
    #                            workdir=paste0(subset_name,"/"))
    #             system2(paste0("cp ", reference_file, " ",run_folder, reference_file ))
    #             system2(paste0("cd ",run_folder,"; nextPolish run.cfg"))
    #             system2(paste0("sed -i '1s/.*/>",subset_name,"'/ ", run_folder, subset_name, "/genome.nextpolish.fasta "))
    #             system2(paste0("cat ",run_folder, subset_name, "/genome.nextpolish.fasta >>", save_file))
    #             system2(paste0("rm -r ", run_folder, subset_name))
    #             system2(paste0("cd ",run_folder,";rm lgs.fofn  run.cfg"))
    #
    #         }
    #     }
    # }

Alternative to fill deletions faster:

    ### OPTION
    t0 <- proc.time()
    a <- str_locate_all(reads_aligned, "-+")
    for(i in seq(a)){
        if(nrow(a[[i]])==0){next()}
        pos_to_replace <- IRanges(a[[i]][,"start"], a[[i]][,"end"])
        pos_to_average_start <- IRanges(a[[i]][,"start"]-1,a[[i]][,"start"]-1)
        pos_to_average_end <- IRanges(a[[i]][,"end"]+1,a[[i]][,"end"]+1)

        if(start(pos_to_average_start)[1]==0){
                start(pos_to_average_start)[1] <- end(pos_to_average_start)[1] <- start(pos_to_average_end)[1]
        }
        n <- length(pos_to_average_start)
        pos_max <- width(reads_aligned)[i]
        if(start(pos_to_average_end)[n]>pos_max){
            start(pos_to_average_end)[n] <-  start(pos_to_average_start)[n]
            end(pos_to_average_end)[n] <- start(pos_to_average_start)[n]
        }

        before <- extractAt(scores_aligned[[i]], at = pos_to_average_start)
        before <- unlist(as(PhredQuality(before),"NumericList"))
        after <- extractAt(scores_aligned[[i]], at = pos_to_average_end)
        after <- unlist(as(PhredQuality(after),"NumericList"))
        both <- cbind(before,after)
        if(gaps_weights=="mean"){
            replace_qscore <- apply(both,1, mean)
        }else if(gaps_weights=="minimum"){
            replace_qscore <- apply(both,1, min)
        }
        replace_qscore <- lapply(replace_qscore, function(x){as(x,"PhredQuality")})
        replace_qscore_v <- vapply(seq(replace_qscore), function(x){paste0(rep(replace_qscore[[x]], times=width(pos_to_replace)[x]), collapse="")})
        # print(scores_aligned[[i]])
        scores_aligned[i] <- replaceAt(scores_aligned[i],at = pos_to_replace, value = replace_qscore_v)
        # print(scores_aligned[[i]])
    }
    t1 <- proc.time()

    t1-t0

    ### ORIGINAL
    if(verbose){message("Assign values to deletions\n")}
    if(verbose){pb=utils::txtProgressBar(min =0,max=length(reads_aligned),style = 3)}
    t2 <- proc.time()

    for(i in seq(length(reads_aligned))){
        # if(verbose){utils::setTxtProgressBar(pb,i)}
        ## REPLACE DELETION SCORES
        del_positions <- BiocGenerics::start(Biostrings::vmatchPattern("-",reads_aligned[i])[[1]])
        ndel <- length(del_positions)

        if(ndel==0){next()}
        nr <- width(reads_aligned)[i]

        #If they are at the beginning, I replace by the first Qscore
        if(del_positions[1]==1){
            n_del_start=1
            if(length(del_positions)==1){
                n_del_start <- 1
            }else{
                condition = del_positions[n_del_start+1]==del_positions[n_del_start]+1
                while(condition){
                    n_del_start <- n_del_start+1
                    condition1 = is.na(del_positions[n_del_start+1])
                    if(condition1){
                        condition=FALSE
                    }else{
                        condition = del_positions[n_del_start+1]==del_positions[n_del_start]+1
                    }
                }
            }
            scores_aligned[i] <- Biostrings::replaceAt(scores_aligned[i],at=IRanges(1,n_del_start),as.character(subseq(scores_aligned[i], 1, n_del_start)))
        }else{n_del_start=NA}

        #If they are at the end, I replace by the last Qscore
        if(del_positions[ndel]==nr){
            #detect which are the values on the end of the string
            Breaks <- c(0, which(diff(del_positions) != 1), length(del_positions))
            Breaks_ini <- Breaks[length(Breaks)-1]+1
            Breaks_end <- Breaks[length(Breaks)]
            del_pos_ini <- del_positions[Breaks_ini]
            del_pos_end <- del_positions[Breaks_end]
            replacement <- paste0(rep(as.character(subseq(scores_aligned[i], del_pos_ini-1, del_pos_ini-1)), Breaks_end-Breaks_ini+1),collapse="")
            scores_aligned[i] <-Biostrings::replaceAt(scores_aligned[i],
                                                      at=IRanges(del_pos_ini,del_pos_end),
                                                      replacement)
            n_del_end <- length(Breaks_ini:Breaks_end)
        }else{n_del_end=NA}

        if(!is.na(n_del_end)){del_positions <- del_positions[-seq(ndel-n_del_end+1,ndel)]}
        if(!is.na(n_del_start)){del_positions <- del_positions[-seq(n_del_start)]}
        if(length(del_positions)==0){next()}
        ndel <- length(del_positions)
        for(j in seq_along(del_positions)){
            jmin <- j
            while(j < ndel && del_positions[j+1]==del_positions[j]+1){ j <- j+1 }
            jmax<-j

            q_upstr <- subseq(scores_aligned[i], del_positions[jmin]-1, del_positions[jmin]-1)
            q_dwstr <- subseq(scores_aligned[i], del_positions[jmax]+1, del_positions[jmax]+1)

            if(gaps_weights=="mean"){
                prob_upstr <- as(q_upstr,"NumericList")[[1]]
                prob_dwstr  <- as(q_dwstr,"NumericList")[[1]]
                prob <- mean(prob_dwstr,prob_upstr)
            }else if(gaps_weights=="minimum"){
                prob_upstr <- as(q_upstr,"NumericList")[[1]]
                prob_dwstr  <- as(q_dwstr,"NumericList")[[1]]
                prob <- min(prob_dwstr,prob_upstr)
            }

            qscore_new <- as(prob,"PhredQuality")
            qscore_new_vec <- paste0(rep(as.character(qscore_new), jmax-jmin+1), collapse="")
            scores_aligned[i] <- Biostrings::replaceAt(scores_aligned[i],at=IRanges(del_positions[jmin],del_positions[jmax]),qscore_new_vec)
        }

    }

    t3 <- proc.time()

    t3-t2

# Session info