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CHAPTER II

MAIN CURRENTS SINCE 1851

Introductory: Influence of events of 1848-1851 — Reactionary character of Second Empire — Disgust of many thinkers (e.g., Vacherot, Taine, Renan, Renouvier, Hugo, Quinet) — Effects of 1870, the War, the Commune, and the Third Republic.

General character of the Philosophy of the Period — Reaction against both Eclecticism and Positivism.

THE THREE MAIN CURRENTS.

1. Positivist and naturalist current turning upon itself, seen in Vacherot, Taine, and Renan.
2. Cournot, Renouvier, and the neo-critical philosophy.
3. The New Spiritual Philosophy, to which the main contributors were Ravaisson, Lachelier, Boutroux, Fouillée, Guyau, Bergson, Blondel, and Weber.

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